DOCSLIB.ORG

A Study on Scrap Tyres Management for Peninsular Malaysia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Study on Scrap Tyres Management for Peninsular Malaysia National Solid Waste Management Department Ministry of Housing and Local Government AA SSTTUUDDYY OONN SSCCRRAAPP TTYYRREESS MMAANNAAGGEEMMEENNTT FFOORR PPEENNIINNSSUULLAARR MMAALLAAYYSSIIAA FINAL REPORT September 2011 Prepared by: CHEMSAIN KONSULTANT SDN BHD (130904-U) No. 41, 1st Floor, Jalan USJ 10/1D, UEP Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia Tel: 03-56370163 Fax: 03-56370385 Email: [email protected] A Study on Scrap Tyre Management In Peninsula Malaysia Final Report TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 1 1.1 Background and Statement of Needs ............................................................. 1 1.2 Steering Committee and Study Team ............................................................. 2 1.2.1 Steering Committee ......................................................................................... 2 1.2.2 Study Team ..................................................................................................... 2 2 OBJECTIVES .................................................................................................. 4 2.1 Objectives of The Study .................................................................................. 4 3 SCRAP TYRE MANAGEMENT IN MALAYSIA; STATUS QUO .................... 5 3.1 Institutional Analysis ........................................................................................ 5 3.1.1 Government Agencies in Tyres and Scrap Tyres Management ...................... 9 3.1.1.1 Federal Level ................................................................................................... 9 3.1.1.2 State and Local Level .................................................................................... 12 3.1.2 Scrap Tyre Definitions ................................................................................... 17 3.1.3 Tyre Associations .......................................................................................... 19 3.1.4 Tyres Businesses .......................................................................................... 20 3.1.4.1 Tyre Manufacturers/ Importers ...................................................................... 20 3.1.4.2 Tyre Retreaders ............................................................................................. 20 3.1.4.3 Tyre Dealers (Workshops) ............................................................................. 21 3.1.5 Scrap Tyres Collectors and Traders .............................................................. 21 3.1.6 Scrap Tyres Treatment and Disposal ............................................................ 21 3.1.6.1 Scrap Tyre Treatment Facilities ..................................................................... 21 3.1.6.2 Scrap Tyre Disposal Facilities ....................................................................... 23 3.2 Inventory ........................................................................................................ 24 3.2.1 Inventories of Scrap Tyres - Methodology ..................................................... 24 3.2.2 Inventories of Scrap Tyres ............................................................................. 27 3.2.2.1 Data from Department of Road and Transport (DOT) ................................... 27 3.2.2.2 Estimation of Used Tyre Generation .............................................................. 28 3.2.2.3 Projection of Scrap Tyre Generated .............................................................. 34 3.2.3 Inventories of Scrap Tyres - Mass Flow Models ............................................ 36 3.2.3.1 Qualitative Findings, Feedbacks and Ground Observations ......................... 38 3.2.4 Limitations and Assumptions for Mass Flow Model ....................................... 54 3.2.5 Flow Analysis of Scrap Tyres (from tyre shops to disposal sites) .................. 55 3.3 Treatment and Recycling Options ................................................................. 61 3.3.1 Components of a Tyre ................................................................................... 61 3.3.2 End-of-Life Tyre (ELT) ................................................................................... 63 3.3.3 The Recycling and Treatment System for ELT .............................................. 64 3.3.4 Economic Evaluation of Technology Methodology ........................................ 65 3.3.5 The Recycling System Under Evaluation ...................................................... 66 3.3.6 Incineration of Used Tyres for Energy Production ......................................... 67 3.3.7 Shredding and Granulation ............................................................................ 88 3.3.8 Planning Analyses of Recycling Plants .......................................................... 95 TOC - 1 A Study on Scrap Tyre Management In Peninsula Malaysia Final Report 3.4 Incentive System ........................................................................................... 97 3.4.1 Perspectives in Scrap Tyre Management Incentives ..................................... 99 3.4.2 The Sarawak Used Tyre Economic Instrument ........................................... 100 3.4.3 Options in Economic Instrument – International Experiences ..................... 102 3.4.4 Incentive Model for Peninsula Malaysia ...................................................... 117 3.4.4.1 Operators for Scrap Tyres Collection and Treatment .................................. 124 3.4.4.2 Size of Levy on Scrap Tyres ........................................................................ 125 3.4.4.3 Regulating the Proposed Levy ..................................................................... 127 3.5 Brief Description of Legislation Requirement .............................................. 130 3.5.1 Administrative and Organization Structure .................................................. 130 3.5.2 Laws and Regulations ................................................................................. 134 3.6 Action Plan and Implementation Schedule .................................................. 136 TOC - 2 A Study on Scrap Tyre Management In Peninsula Malaysia Final Report LIST OF TABLES Table 1: The Team Members for the Study on Scrap Tyre Management in Peninsula Malaysia ............................................................................................. 3 Table 2: List of Primary Stakeholders and Their Primary Functions or Roles ................... 6 Table 3: The Institutional Capacity of Malaysian Governmental Agencies in the Management of Scrap Tyres .............................................................................14 Table 4: Proposed Sampling Size for Tyre Industries ..................................................... 27 Table 5: Estimated Annual and Daily Tonnage for Used Tyre Generation for 2010 ..................................................................................................................30 Table 6: Estimation of Annual and Daily Tonnage for Scrap Tyres Generation by Categories (Motorcycles, Cars, Trucks) for the Whole Peninsular Malaysia ............................................................................................................31 Table 7: Estimation of Annual and Daily Tonnage for Scrap Tyres Generation by State for the Whole Peninsular Malaysia .......................................................... 33 Table 8: Projection of Number of Registered Vehicle from 2011 - 2015 ......................... 34 Table 9: Projection of Annual and Daily Tonnage of Scrap Tyres (2011 – 2015) ........... 35 Table 10: Total Number of Survey Samples .....................................................................38 Table 11: Total Number of Interviewees According to State ............................................. 39 Table 12: List of Local Authorities Interviewed .................................................................. 39 Table 13: Total Number of Scrap Tyres Collectors Interviewed ........................................ 46 Table 14: Type of Treatment Facilities Visited .................................................................. 48 Table 15: List of Landfill and Transfer Station Visited ....................................................... 53 Table 16: Components of a Tyre, Legends and Definitions26 ........................................... 62 Table 17: Percentage of Main Components of Car and Truck Tyres ................................ 62 Table 18: Weightage of Different Type of Tyres ............................................................... 63 Table 19: ELT’s Treatment and Recycling Technology .................................................... 65 Table 20: Calorific Value and Emission Rate of Tyres in Comparison to Other Types of Fuel30 ..................................................................................................68 Table 21: List of Power Plants in the US That Use Tyre Derived Fuel (TDF) ................... 69 Table 22: Coal-Fired Power Plants in Peninsular Malaysia .............................................. 73 Table 23: Examples of Successful TDF Application in Cement Kilns in Foreign Countries ...........................................................................................................76 Table 24: Cement Kilns Operational in Peninsular Malaysia37 .......................................... 80 Table 25: Products of Scrap Tyre Pyrolysis .....................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • ASIA Waste Management OUTLOOK © United Nations Environment Programme, 2017
    ASIA Waste Management OUTLOOK © United Nations Environment Programme, 2017 This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non- profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. UNEP would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from the United Nations Environment Programme. Disclaimer The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations Environment Programme concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Moreover, the views expressed do not necessarily represent the decision or the stated policy of the United Nations Environment Programme, nor does citing of trade names or commercial processes constitute endorsement. Mention of a commercial company or product in this publication does not imply endorsement by the United Nations Environment Programme. Acknowledgements Core Team Editor-in-Chief Prasad Modak Executive President, Environmental Management Centre LLP, Mumbai, India Authors Prasad Modak (Executive President, Environmental Management Centre LLP, Mumbai, India), Agamuthu Pariatamby (Editor in Chief - Waste Management & Research,
    [Show full text]
  • Crosslink Density of Rubbers
    Characterisation of Crosslinks in Vulcanised Rubbers: From Simple to Advanced Techniques K.L. Mok* and A.H. Eng** *Malaysian Rubber Board, Paper Presenter **Malaysian Institute of Chemistry Copyright © 2017 by K.L. Mok and A.H. Eng 1 Rubber & Elastomer • Rubbery: 1) Sufficient long chain; 2) Flexible molecules with noncollinear single bonds that allow segmental rotations along the backbone; 3) Non crystalline at service temperature • Rubber vs Elastomer: Rubber commonly refers to elastic materials that requires vulcanisation before they can be used in the products. However, there are elastic polymers that do not require vulcanisation such as polyurethane (PU), styrene- isoprene (SIS) copolymer. These elastic materials are classified under elastomer, which normally also includes rubbers. • Unvulcanised Rubbers: Unvulcanised rubbers are normally weak when put under stress during use. With very few exceptions, such as rubber glues almost all rubber products require vulcanisation to provide the required strength for a longer design life. • Elastomers: Polyurethane (PU), styrene-isoprene (SIS) copolymer, do not require vulcanisation to have good strength properties as they contain the hard segment Copyrightwhich © 2017 by K.L.is Mok good and A.H. Engfor strength and the soft segment good elasticity properties. 2 Rubber Vulcanisation & Crosslink Density • Vulcanization or vulcanisation: A reaction that leads to the formation of inter-molecular bonding among the unsaturated rubber molecules with 3 dimensional network such that the mechanical properties such as tensile strength is enhanced. The vulcanising agent originally referred to was elemental sulfur. Later, sulfur donor was included. It now also includes non sulfur systems such as metal oxide and peroxides.
    [Show full text]
  • Tensile Properties of Pre-Vulcanised Natural Rubber Latex Films Via Hybrid Radiation and Peroxide Vulcanisations
    ASM Sci. J., 11(2), 67-75 Tensile Properties of Pre-vulcanised Natural Rubber Latex Films via Hybrid Radiation and Peroxide Vulcanisations Sofian Ibrahim1;2∗, Chai Chee Keong1, Chantara Thevy Ratnam1 and Khairiah Badri2 1Malaysian Nuclear Agency, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia 2School of Chemical Science and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia Radiation pre-vulcanised natural rubber latex (RVNRL) prepared by using gamma irradia- tion technique has many advantages over the conventionally prepared sulphur pre-vulcanised natural rubber latex (SPVL). Despite the fact that many potential latex dipped products can be made from RVNRL, little effort was made to fully commercialise the products because of the inferior strength of RVNRL products compared to SPVL products. An attempt was made to improve the tensile strength of RVNRL by combining both radiation and peroxide vulcanisation in order to ensure that the products will not tear or fail, and has sufficient stretch. Hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA) plays the main role as sensitizer during radiation vulcanisation and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHPO) as the co-sensitizer in peroxide vul- canisation. Pre-vulcanised natural rubber latex dipped films via hybrid radiation and perox- idation vulcanisations obtained showed tensile strength of 26.7 MPa, an increment of more than 15% compared to controlled film (22.5 MPa). Besides, the crosslink percentage of the rubber films also showed around 5% increment from 90.7% to 95.6%. Keywords: RVNRL, vulcanisation, irradiation, latex I. INTRODUCTION the expansion of this positive sales performance. One of the major contributors to Malaysia's national income is rubber and latex-based prod- ucts.
    [Show full text]
  • Natural Rubber As a Green Commodity- Part II Kevin P
    Natural rubber as a green commodity- Part II Kevin P. Jones, Malaysian Rubber Producers' Research Association Introduction B anbury 4.1 GJ/tonne of pallets and bale wrapping may IN THE LAST ISSUE of Rubber Calender 6.6 need to be considered within the new Developments Dr Wan Abdul Extruder 3.8 context of environmental quality Rahaman clearly demonstrated the Curing 6.3 control. 'green credentials' for natural rubber over its synthetic rivals (the key data are repeated below). Some may be The first figure is in general Environmental processing tempted to question whether there are agreement with measurements made at hazards hidden energy costs in the transport, MRPRA at about the same time, The rubber processing industry is use and disposal of natural rubber which estimated 1.2GJ/tonne for subject to specific environmental which offset the low energy budget of mastication and 2.9GJ/tonne for control in some countries. In the the natural material which is largely mixing. Both the overall figure of United Kingdom there are specific due to its solar, rather than fossil fuel 30GJ/tonne and the individual energy health and safety/environmental origins. breakdowns are probably well in protection regulations to limit the excess of the current best industrial emission of dust and fumes from Natural rubber versus practice. One efficient Scandinavian rubber processing operations. There is synthetic rubber company claims to be able to mix for an implied assertion that such dust and an energy cost of 0.4-lGJ/tonne fumes may be carcinogenic and that Material Energy consumption, within an overall energy requirement particular precautions must be taken.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Study of Natural Rubber Latex Particles and Artificially Prepared Rubber Particles
    1 Comparative study of natural rubber latex particles and artificially prepared rubber particles and Amir-Hashim M.Y ٭ A.R. Ruhida , ٭,#Tae Han Shen ,٭.Shamsul Bahri A.R Rubber Research Institute of Malaysia (RRIM), Malaysian Rubber Board (MRB), P.O. Box 10150 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia ٭ # School of Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, P.O. Box 2073 Sabah Malaysia Abstract The bulk of the rubber in NR latex exists in the form of particles dispersed in the latex emulsion. These naturally occurring particles are made-up of rubber core surrounded by a layer of non-rubber materials such as protein and lipids. In this study, the electron microscopy technique was used to differentiate between the natural rubber particles and the artificially formed rubber particles prepared from dried latex compound. The artificial rubber particles appeared to be morphologically similar to the particles of natural rubber but with different particle size distribution. More importantly, the artificially rubber particles were not surrounded by rubber particle membrane proteins normally associated with natural rubber particles. The study is part of a concerted effort to develop NR-based synthetic rubber substitute in anticipation of future energy crisis associated with the dwindling global petroleum supply, the main raw material for many synthetic rubber. Key words: NR, natural latex, proteins, artificial latex, TEM, immunogold labelling, membrane protein Introduction Artificial isoprene latex, derived from of artificially formed rubber particles pre-formed polymers, normally derived and identifying the proteins membrane by re-dispersing bulk synthetic normally associated with the rubber polyisoprene cement in an aqueous particles of NR latex. medium.
    [Show full text]
  • Waste Recycling in Malaysia: Transition from Developing to Developed Country
    WASTE RECYCLING IN MALAYSIA: TRANSITION FROM DEVELOPING TO DEVELOPED COUNTRY Innocent A. Jereme PhD Candidate, Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI) National University of Malaysia (UKM), Malaysia E-mail: innoviva2001@yahoo. com Chamhuri Siwar Emeritus Professor Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI) National University of Malaysia (UKM), Malaysia E-mail: [email protected] Md. MahmudulAlam PhD Student, Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI) National University of Malaysia (UKM), Malaysia E-mail: rony000@gmail. com Citation Reference: Jereme, I.A., Alam, M.M. and Siwar, C. 2015. Waste Recycling in Malaysia: Transition from Developing to Developed Country, Indian Journal of Education and Information Management. Vol. 4 (1), pp. 1-14. (online) http://ijeim.informaticspublishing.com/index.php/ijeim/article/viewFile/80238/62033 This is a pre-publication copy. The published article is copyrighted by the publisher of the journal. 1 WASTE RECYCLING IN MALAYSIA: TRANSITION FROM DEVELOPING TO DEVELOPED COUNTRY ABSTRACT The issue of sustainable waste management has become an important priority for policymakers and other relevant stakeholders of Malaysia as the country prepares to project itself as a developed nation. Despite several attempts by the government, such as enactment of new laws and pursuing privatisation, Malaysia is still lagging behind significantly in sustainable waste management practices, particularly in the area of recycling. Based on studies conducted in the Selangor state of Malaysia, this paper attempts to analyse the current waste management practices of Malaysia along with their problems and prospects, and examine the steps taken by the government and other stakeholders for attaining sustaining waste management practices. The paper will help the policy makers, waste management strategists, local administrators and researchers in the field to formulate sustainable policies and identify further areas of study in the relevant field.
    [Show full text]
  • Rubber and the Environment
    UNCTAD/IRSG Workshop 1998 Joint Workshop of the Secretariat of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and the International Rubber Study Group on Rubber and the Environment. Chairman: Dr Ulrich Hoffmann, UNCTAD Preface This, the second joint UNCTAD/IRSG Workshop on the internalization of environmental costs of rubber, follows directly from that held at the 101st Group Meeting of the IRSG in Liverpool, UK, in June 1997. UNCTAD has concluded that natural rubber stands to gain from internalization of environmental costs in the entire rubber industry. The economic variables prevailing in the natural rubber market favour internalization: the supply elasticity is below unity, and the price elasticity for demand is estimated to be significantly less than one. Furthermore, the 70% international market share of Thailand, Indonesia and Malaysia is coupled with intermediate export dependence as rubber accounts for only 3.5 % of their total exports. Unilateral attempts to pass on environmental cost increases appear feasible, although concerted action among the three main producers is desirable and cooperation with producers and manufacturers of synthetic rubber is necessary. The elastomer market is dominated by renewable natural rubber and non- renewable fossil-fuel-derived synthetic rubber: in some applications they are substitutes and in others, complements. Tyre production accounts for over 50% of elastomer consumption and 60% of natural rubber consumption. The current share of natural rubber in total tyre production is unlikely to change much. Rubber cannot realistically be replaced in tyre production, nor can tyres themselves be replaced by a different product. Many general rubber products also appear very difficult to displace or replace.
    [Show full text]
  • Eleventh Malaysia Plan 2016-2020 Anchoring G­­­­­­Rowth on People
    ELEVENTH MALAYSIA PLAN 2016-2020 ANCHORING G ROWTH ON PEOPLE ISBN 978-9675842085 For further information refer to: Director General, Economic Planning Unit, Prime Minister’s Department, Block B5 & B6, Federal Government Administrative Centre, 62502 Putrajaya. MALAYSIA. http://www.epu.gov.my email: [email protected] Tel.: 603-8000 8000 Fax: 603-8888 3755 Released on 21st May 2015 Reprinted on 29th May 2015 Publisher’s Copyright© All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, copied, stored in any retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise; without prior permission of Economic Planning Unit, Prime Minister’s Department, Malaysia. Printed by Percetakan Nasional Malaysia Berhad, Kuala Lumpur, 2015 www.printnasional.com.my Email: [email protected] Tel: 03-92366895 Fax: 03-92224773 ELEVENTH MALAYSIA PLAN 2016-2020 ANCHORING G ROWTH ON PEOPLE Foreword Dato’ Sri Mohd Najib bin Tun Haji Abdul Razak Prime Minister of Malaysia i The Eleventh Malaysia Plan, 2016-2020, marks a momentous milestone in our nation’s history. With 2020 now just five years away, the Eleventh Plan is the next critical step in our journey to become an advanced nation that is inclusive and sustainable. In the last five years, although Malaysia encountered headwinds from a global economic slowdown, our economy has done extremely well with GDP growth among the fastest in the region. The quality of life of the rakyat has also improved as reflected by the increase in both per capita income and the average household income. This was made possible by the numerous reforms that were put in place by the Government to improve the quality of life of the people.
    [Show full text]
  • Attributes to Facilitate E-Waste Recycling Behaviour
    MATEC Web of Conferences 66, 00058 (2016) DOI: 10.1051/matecconf/20166600058 IBCC 2016 Attributes to facilitate e-waste recycling behaviour Nur Hidayah Senawi1 and Low Sheau-Ting2 1Department of Real Estate, Faculty of Geoinformation and Real Estate, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia 2Centre of Real Estate Studies, Institute for Smart Infrastructure and Innovative Construction, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia Abstract. This study aims to identify the set of attributes to facilitate electronic waste (e-waste) behaviour among the community. E-waste disposal is increasing from year to year in parallel with increasing of global population. The short lifespan of electronics and poor e-waste recycling behaviour is among the main contributors to the steadily increasing of e-waste generated. Current recycling rate among the nation is lacking behind, which is only 10.5%. A questionnaire survey has been conducted among the students in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia to evaluate the current e-waste recycling practice. The results showed that majority of the respondents did not recycle their e- waste on campus. Aggressive efforts is needed to realize the country’s target of 20% recycling rate in year 2020, one of the effective paths is to minimize e-waste generation via active e-waste recycling behaviour among the community. Extensive literatures have been reviewed to classify the attributes to facilitate effective e-waste recycling among the community. Total of five attributes that identified in this study which are Convenience of E- waste Recycling Infrastruture and Services, E-waste Recycling Information, Incentives For E-waste Recycling, Reminder to Recycle E-waste And E-waste Recycling Infrastructure and Services.
    [Show full text]
  • The Research on Food Waste Pre-Treatment Technology for Incineration in Malaysia
    Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques 2021, Volume 9, Issue 1, Pages: 139-147 J. Environ. Treat. Tech. ISSN: 2309-1185 Journal web link: http://www.jett.dormaj.com https://doi.org/10.47277/JETT/9(1)147 The Research on Food Waste Pre-Treatment Technology for Incineration in Malaysia Ahmad Faizal Zamli 1,2* , W.M.F. Wan Mahmood 1, W.A.W. Ghopa 1, M.T. Lim 2 1 Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia 2 Centre of Bioenergy & Sustainability, Renewable Energy & Green technology, Generation and Environment, TNB Research Sdn. Bhd., 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia Received: 09/08/2020 Accepted: 21/10/2020 Published: 20/03/2021 Abstract Food waste and food loss are used to describe materials that are actually produced for consumption, but are discarded, lost, degraded or contaminated. Food waste (FW) is one of the main parts of municipal solid waste. Landfill is not preferable when compared with other types of waste handling method. It has been reported that the impact of landfill on climate change can be ten times higher than other waste handling methods. However, most FW end up in landfills. This paper reviewed the performance of several food waste pre-treatment technologies to convert FW into feedstock for incinerators/boilers in terms of electrical power generation purposes. The performance of food waste pre- treatment methods and their products were extensively discussed and compared in this paper in terms of calorific value, energy density, and compound reduction, which later directly corresponded with the energy, environmental, and economic factors for the sustainability of future renewable power generation.
    [Show full text]
  • ASIA Waste Management OUTLOOK © United Nations Environment Programme, 2017
    ASIA Waste Management OUTLOOK © United Nations Environment Programme, 2017 This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non- profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. UNEP would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from the United Nations Environment Programme. Disclaimer The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations Environment Programme concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Moreover, the views expressed do not necessarily represent the decision or the stated policy of the United Nations Environment Programme, nor does citing of trade names or commercial processes constitute endorsement. Mention of a commercial company or product in this publication does not imply endorsement by the United Nations Environment Programme. Acknowledgements Core Team Editor-in-Chief Prasad Modak Executive President, Environmental Management Centre LLP, Mumbai, India Authors Prasad Modak (Executive President, Environmental Management Centre LLP, Mumbai, India), Agamuthu Pariatamby (Editor in Chief - Waste Management & Research,
    [Show full text]
  • Food Waste Handling in Malaysia and Comparison with Other Asian Countries
    International Food Research Journal 23(Suppl): S1-S6 (December 2016) Journal homepage: http://www.ifrj.upm.edu.my Mini Review Food waste handling in Malaysia and comparison with other Asian countries 1Lim, W. J., 1*Chin, N. L., 1Yusof, A. Y., 2Yahya, A. and 3Tee, T. P. 1Department of Process and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 2Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 3Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Article history Abstract Received: 20 July 2016 The increasing amount of food waste in Malaysia in recent years has brought many environmental Received in revised form: issues in the country where it affects the nation’s solid waste management framework. At the 4 October 2016 moment, the government is limited to other alternatives of food waste disposal besides the Accepted: 5 October 2016 conventional landfill and incineration methods. This paper provides information on the current status of food waste handling, management, regulations, and policies in Malaysia. It helps Keywords to draw the problem and challenge to a clearer view in efforts of achieving sustainable and integrative food waste handling in the country. Anaerobic digestion Asian Countries Composting Food waste Malaysia © All Rights Reserved Introduction high energy usage and technology. Incineration method is rarely applied for food waste treatment as Food waste is discarded on a daily basis due it creates air pollution (Zhang et al., 2014). Both of to living nature of human beings via agricultural, these methods are unsustainable for managing food industrial and domestic activities.
    [Show full text]