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Natural Rubber As a Green Commodity- Part II Kevin P

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Natural Rubber As a Green Commodity- Part II Kevin P Natural rubber as a green commodity- Part II Kevin P. Jones, Malaysian Rubber Producers' Research Association Introduction B anbury 4.1 GJ/tonne of pallets and bale wrapping may IN THE LAST ISSUE of Rubber Calender 6.6 need to be considered within the new Developments Dr Wan Abdul Extruder 3.8 context of environmental quality Rahaman clearly demonstrated the Curing 6.3 control. 'green credentials' for natural rubber over its synthetic rivals (the key data are repeated below). Some may be The first figure is in general Environmental processing tempted to question whether there are agreement with measurements made at hazards hidden energy costs in the transport, MRPRA at about the same time, The rubber processing industry is use and disposal of natural rubber which estimated 1.2GJ/tonne for subject to specific environmental which offset the low energy budget of mastication and 2.9GJ/tonne for control in some countries. In the the natural material which is largely mixing. Both the overall figure of United Kingdom there are specific due to its solar, rather than fossil fuel 30GJ/tonne and the individual energy health and safety/environmental origins. breakdowns are probably well in protection regulations to limit the excess of the current best industrial emission of dust and fumes from Natural rubber versus practice. One efficient Scandinavian rubber processing operations. There is synthetic rubber company claims to be able to mix for an implied assertion that such dust and an energy cost of 0.4-lGJ/tonne fumes may be carcinogenic and that Material Energy consumption, within an overall energy requirement particular precautions must be taken. GJ/tonne of 20GJ/tonne, or lower. British Access to areas where such activities Natural rubber 16 energy data for mixing reveal take place has to be limited. It is not Polychloroprene 120 considerable differences between the rubber as such which is hazardous, SBR 130 plants. but the accelerators and antioxidants Polybutadiene 108 It is often, but not invariably, which may be added to it. In this EPDM 142 necessary to thaw bales of natural respect the rubber processing industry Polyurethane 174 rubber before processing as heavily- has never recovered from the Butyl rubber 174 crystallized natural rubber can damage industrial cancers which were caused Polypropylene 110 mixing machinery. Thawing is a by the long banned alpha common, but not standard practice, in naphthylamines. The data show the amount of energy northern Europe and northern North Natural rubber processing which is required to manufacture raw America for two to seven months per sometimes involves an additional natural and synthetic rubbers. It is year. Thawing is conducted in hot environmental hazard, namely odour. obvious that natural rubber enjoys a rooms which are maintained at Although such odours may be very considerable competitive edge in 40-45°C. The dwell time ranges from characterized as being typical energy terms as compared with two days to over a week. It has been agricultural, most such odours are synthetics. The energy required to calculated that the energy required to emitted in urban environments, where harvest, process and transport natural thaw natural rubber is 42 + 15? MJ per there is likely to be little sympathy. rubber is approximately one quarter of tonne, where t is the number of days The odours originate from the ageing that required for the feedstocks for the taken to thaw. If a period of four days of proteinaceous material, and is a synthetics. is involved, then the energy involved particular attribute of low grade would be 100MJ. There has been a rubbers. In some cases the unpleasant trend for the US rubber industry to odours may be carried over into rubber Natural rubber's hidden move south: this will have lessened products. When this happens it is energy costs the need for hot rooms in that country. probable that the processor will There are some modest energy In any event the energy cost of complain. Nevertheless, malodorous penalties involved in the processing of thawing is relatively trivial. At the products may still reach the market natural rubber, as compared with its worst it is likely that mixing natural place. If such products are identified competitors. These are the need to rubber may involve an energy penalty as being natural rubber this may lead thaw bales under certain circum- of between 10% and 15% as compared to a consumer backlash. A recent stances and a possible increase in the with SBR: this is trivial in overall issue of Rubber Developments number of mixing cycles. The typical energy terms. (Volume 46, page 35) showed how power requirements for rubber such odours could be greatly processing (natural or synthetic), diminished by using SMR CV. including overheads like office Packaging lighting, are probably in the region of Many countries, and notably Germany, 20-30GJ/tonne. The US Big Five take a keen interest in packaging and Recyclability (Goodyear, Firestone, etc) consumed argue that it is part of the supplier's The automotive industry is being 31GJ/tonne in 1976: some of the task to arrange for its disposal, politically dri ven to introduce individual process requirements for preferably by re-use or through a programmes for recycling the material energy at that time are: recycling operation. The construction from their products once they have Rubber Developments vol 47 no 3/4 1994 37 NR as a green commodity Major operators such as BMW are advertising their efforts to exploit an environmentally-friendly image. The increase in the use of thermoplastics is assisting this process. The picture shows a computer image of the new BMW 3 series; the recyclable components are coloured green, and the recycled components blue. become life expired. Considerable difficult. This even applies to dioxide produced is liable to damage progress is being made in Europe and thermoplastic elastomers, where in the incinerators. Radiation curing of the major operators, such as BMW. service degradation and pollution the gloves can eliminate this problem. are advertising their efforts to exploit damages the potential for recycling. Radiation curing also reduces the zinc an environmentally-friendly image. Nevertheless, a producer of TPEs effluent problem which is associated The increase in the use of thermo- claims that it is possible to recycle with traditional curing methods for plastics is assisting this process and automotive boots provided that they latex products. many of the manufacturers are coding are subjected to a washing process. thermoplastic components to assist Furthermore, TPEs do save raw with the recycling process. An materials as the waste from scrap is Tyre recycling important side effect of this policy is greatly reduced: in the case of TPNR, Between 60% and 70% of natural that vehicle manufacturers are seeking however, the raw material does rubber is consumed in tyres. In some to reduce the variety of thermoplastic involve the use of a material countries, notably the USA, Japan, materials to ease the recycling (polypropylene) with a high energy France, Germany, the UK and Brazil, operations. content (HOGJ/tonne). over 75% of the natural rubber With the exception of tyres, the consumed is in the form of tyres. In British automotive industry does not many countries, especially those with appear to be interested in recycling the Natural degradation high population densities, there is a elastomeric components even if Very thin rubber products, such as growing awareness of a tyre disposal thermoplastic elastomers (which are balloons and condoms, will degrade problem and this is accentuated when inherently recyclable) are substituted. naturally especially if they are serious fires occur at tyre dumps. The industry considers that all the subjected to natural sunlight. As is These fires can cause serious air engine compartment components will evident from the problems which are pollution as well as damage to water have been polluted by oils and exhaust associated with sealing rings natural courses. Consequently, some gases, and that the external rubber rubber is capable of being countries ban tyre dumping. components, like weatherstripping, biodegraded. It should be possible to If the life of the product is extended will have been polluted by cleaning compost thin rubber articles: then the disposal problem is reduced. agents or by environmental pollution. unfortunately the most important There is considerable evidence that If pressed to introduce recycling it is outlet for thin rubber articles is the tyre life has increased. This has crea- probable that the automotive industry medical industry, and the hazards of ted problems both for the tyre manu- will attempt to restrict the range of medical applications are liable to facturers and for suppliers to the elastomers employed to reduce the preclude the adoption of composting. industry, but it has coincidentally problems of classification at disposal. The presence of sulphur in medical reduced the scale of the disposal It is generally agreed that any form gloves may create problems for their problem. Automotive manufacturers of elastomeric product recycling is disposal by burning as the sulphur are seeking products which last for the 38 Rubber DevelopmentCOPYRIGHTs vol 47 no 3/4 1994 © MALAYSIAN RUBBER BOARD NR as a green commodity whole vehicle life: any progress in this suggest that the addition of tyre crumb Nevertheless, a new reclaiming plant direction will be regarded as steps in any way detracts from the life of is being built in the Netherlands - towards easing the environmental road surface dressings. mainly to accommodate waste tyres. burden. Although the use of recyclable Pyrolysis is frequently proposed as Retreading truck and aircraft tyres crumb from tyres is using only a very a means of extracting a useful range of is normal practice. Aircraft tyres are small proportion of the millions of raw materials from discarded rubber designed for multiple retreading and scrap tyres discarded every year, it is products.
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