Malaysian Rubber Board
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
The Difference of Butyl Rubber and Butadiene Styrene Rubber? by Butyl Rubber Sheets - [email protected], Date: Sep.18.06
The difference of butyl rubber and butadiene styrene rubber? By Butyl Rubber Sheets - www.dongrubber.com, [email protected], Date: Sep.18.06 Butyl rubber sheets is a kind of synthetic rubber which is a copolymer of Isobutylene and a small amount of isoprene copolymer, short for IIR. Butyl rubber sheeting has good chemical stability and thermal stability, the most prominent character is the air tightness and water tightness. Its air transmittance is only about 1/7 of the natural rubber, 1/5 of the styrene-butadiene rubber. Meanwhile its transmittance of steam is 1/200 of the natural rubber, and 1/140 of the styrene-butadiene rubber. Thus IIR is mainly used in the manufacture of tires, inner tubes, steam pipe, water dam and bottom gasket and other rubber products. Styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) is one of the biggest general synthetic rubber varieties, and is also among the first rubber to realize industrialization production. Styrene butadiene rubber sheet is a random copolymer of butadiene and styrene. Its physical performance, processing performance and product performance is close to those of natural rubber sheets, and some properties such as wear resistance, heat resistance, ageing resistance and curing rate are more excellent than natural rubber sheeting, SBR can be used with a variety of natural rubber sheets and synthetic rubbers, widely applied to tires, tape, rubber hose, wire and cable, medical instruments and various kinds of rubber products production and other fields. Author: Butyl Rubber Sheets copyright reserved. Original URL should be kept in reproduction. . -
Tyre Study Report 01.Indd
A Report by Chintan by A Report Circulating Tyres in the Economy A Waste to Wealth Approach to Old Tyres (2017) Published by Chintan Environmental Research and Action Group C14, Second Floor, Lajpat Nagar III, New Delhi 110024 Phone: +91-11-46574171 or 46574172 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.chintan-india.org/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/ChintanIndia Instagram:Facebook: https://fb.me/ChintanIndia.org https://www.instagram.com/chintan.india/ About Chintan Environmental Research and Action Group Chintan is a registered non-profit organization with a vision of inclusive, sustainable, and equitable growth for all. Our mission is to reduce ecological footprints and increase environmental justice through changes brought about through partnerships, capacity building at the grassroots, advocacy and research, and sustainable, scalable models on Authorsthe ground. Rajat Rai Handa (Chintan) Bharati Chaturvedi (Chintan) Acknowledgements Chintan would like to thank the following people for their valuable contribution in writing this report: Darpan Anil Singh, Lalit Sharma, Madhu Jagdeeshan, Richa Chaturvedi, Shaila Faleiro and Taruni Kumar. We would also like to thank the dedicated team at Chintan who helped with various aspects of the research and fieldwork: Chitra Mukherjee and Imran Khan. Copyright notice ©Please Copyright feel free 2017, to use Chintan the information Environmental here to Research promote and environmental, Action Group economic and social justice. We urge you to quote this report when you use the information in it and inform us if possible. Executive Summary Executive Summary Executive | Over the last two decades, the world has seen an exponential rise in the number of motor vehicles. -
RECYCLED PRODUCTS the Improved Function and Long-Lasting
RECYCLED PRODUCTS The improved function and long-lasting characteristics of recycled rubber bring quality to customers’ product lines while serving the important function of reaching conservation goals. Much of the recycled rubber produced by Liberty Tire Recycling is used as crumb rubber and industrial feedstock for manufacturers, as tire derived fuel for use in industry, or as rubber mulch in landscaping and playground applications. Crumb Rubber Liberty Tire Recycling has the capacity to produce more than 300 million pounds of crumb rubber annually for a wide variety of innovative uses. With a network of crumb rubber manufacturing locations, Liberty Tire produces a wide variety of mesh sizes with 30- as the finest. For certain applications—such as those required to make automotive parts and coatings—Liberty Tire provides crumb rubber as “feedstock” to companies that produce finely ground rubber powders. Product Innovations As manufacturers discover the value of recycled rubber and embrace the environmental impact of recycling, scrap tires continue to be shredded and ground into various sizes of powders, crumbs and nuggets for use in more and more products. • Welcome mats • Acoustical underlay • Railroad ties • Portable speed bumps • Anti-fatigue mats Beyond molded rubber products and coatings, recycled rubber is used to enhance road surfaces, power factories, beautify landscapes, protect children at play, and improve athletic surfaces. CONTACT INFORMATION MEDIA INQUIRIES Liberty Tire Recycling Ronnie Savion 600 River Rd, Suite 300 412.642.7700 Pittsburgh, PA 15212 [email protected] 412.562.1700 [email protected] RUBBERIZED ASPHALT Rubberized asphalt highways ride quieter, last longer, and use significantly less paving material than traditional asphalt. -
5. Progress in Radiation Vulcanization of Natural Rubber Latex
JP0050691 JAERI-Conf 2000^003 5. Progress in Radiation Vulcanization of Natural Rubber Latex K. MAKUUCHI Takasaki Radiation Chemistry Research Establishment, JAERI 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki Gunma, 370-12 Japan 1. INTRODUCTION Radiation-induced crosslinking of natural rubber in latex can be accomplished by irradiating NR latex. The dose at which the maximum tensile strength (Tb) is found is called vulcanization dose (Dv). The Dv of NR latex is more than 250 kGy that is too high to be used in industry. The first RV accelerators proposed was carbon tetrachloride. Addition of 5 phr of carbon tetrachloride can reduce. The RVNRL was selected as one of the regional projects of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) known as the Regional Cooperative Agreement in the Asia and Pacific Region (RCA) in 1981. A pilot plant for the RVNRL was built in. Jakarta in 1983. The products from the pilot plant were tested and evaluated by several institutes in the region during 1983-1985, The results were as follows: Low tensile strength (less than 20MPa) Poor aging properties Inconsistent properties Not economic due to high dose requirement No advantages The results caused argument among the RCA member states and the IAEA whether the project should be continued or stopped. The preliminary R&D in the TRCRE on RVNRL indicated that the properties of RVNRL could be improved by proper selection of an accelerator. Finally, the IAEA decided to support the R&D on RVNRL at Takasaki. The following R&D were carried out in 1985 - 1989. Selection of NR latex to improve tensile strength Selection of accelerator to reduce required dose Selection of process factors to avoid inconsistency Selection of antioxidants to improve aging properties Biological safety test to find advantages of RVNRL As an accelerator n-butyl acrylate (n-BA) was selected by reason of its high accelerating efficiency, no residue in the final dipped products and tolerable price. -
Vulcanization & Accelerators
Vulcanization & Accelerators Vulcanization is a cross linking process in which individual molecules of rubber (polymer) are converted into a three dimensional network of interconnected (polymer) chains through chemical cross links(of sulfur). The vulcanization process was discovered in 1839 and the individuals responsible for this discovery were Charles Goodyear in USA and Thomas Hancock in England. Both discovered the use of Sulfur and White Lead as a vulcanization system for Natural Rubber. This discovery was a major technological breakthrough for the advancement of the world economy. Vulcanization of rubbers by sulfur alone is an extremely slow and inefficient process. The chemical reaction between sulfur and the Rubber Hydrocarbon occurs mainly at the C = C (double bonds) and each crosslink requires 40 to 55 sulphur atoms (in the absence of accelerator). The process takes around 6 hours at 140°C for completion, which is uneconomical by any production standards. The vulcanizates thus produced are extremely prone to oxidative degradation and do not possess adequate mechanical properties for practical rubber applications. These limitations were overcome through inventions of accelerators which subsequently became a part of rubber compounding formulations as well as subjects of further R&D. Following is the summary of events which led to the progress of ‘Accelerated Sulfur Vulcanization'. Event Year Progress - Discovery of Sulfur Vulcanization: Charles Goodyear. 1839 Vulcanizing Agent - Use of ammonia & aliphatic ammonium derivatives: Rowley. 1881 Acceleration need - Use of aniline as accelerator in USA & Germany: Oenslager. 1906 Accelerated Cure - Use of Piperidine accelerator- Germany. 1911 New Molecules - Use of aldehyde-amine & HMT as accelerators in USA & UK 1914-15 Amine Accelerators - Use of Zn-Alkyl Xanthates accelerators in Russia. -
Reinforcement of Styrene Butadiene Rubber Employing Poly(Isobornyl Methacrylate) (PIBOMA) As High Tg Thermoplastic Polymer
polymers Article Reinforcement of Styrene Butadiene Rubber Employing Poly(isobornyl methacrylate) (PIBOMA) as High Tg Thermoplastic Polymer Abdullah Gunaydin 1,2, Clément Mugemana 1 , Patrick Grysan 1, Carlos Eloy Federico 1 , Reiner Dieden 1 , Daniel F. Schmidt 1, Stephan Westermann 1, Marc Weydert 3 and Alexander S. Shaplov 1,* 1 Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; [email protected] (A.G.); [email protected] (C.M.); [email protected] (P.G.); [email protected] (C.E.F.); [email protected] (R.D.); [email protected] (D.F.S.); [email protected] (S.W.) 2 Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, 2 Avenue de l’Université, L-4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg 3 Goodyear Innovation Center Luxembourg, L-7750 Colmar-Berg, Luxembourg; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +352-2758884579 Abstract: A set of poly(isobornyl methacrylate)s (PIBOMA) having molar mass in the range of 26,000–283,000 g mol−1 was prepared either via RAFT process or using free radical polymerization. ◦ These linear polymers demonstrated high glass transition temperatures (Tg up to 201 C) and thermal Citation: Gunaydin, A.; stability (T up to 230 ◦C). They were further applied as reinforcing agents in the preparation of the Mugemana, C.; Grysan, P.; onset Eloy Federico, C.; Dieden, R.; vulcanized rubber compositions based on poly(styrene butadiene rubber) (SBR). The influence of the Schmidt, D.F.; Westermann, S.; PIBOMA content and molar mass on the cure characteristics, rheological and mechanical properties of Weydert, M.; Shaplov, A.S. -
Crosslink Density of Rubbers
Characterisation of Crosslinks in Vulcanised Rubbers: From Simple to Advanced Techniques K.L. Mok* and A.H. Eng** *Malaysian Rubber Board, Paper Presenter **Malaysian Institute of Chemistry Copyright © 2017 by K.L. Mok and A.H. Eng 1 Rubber & Elastomer • Rubbery: 1) Sufficient long chain; 2) Flexible molecules with noncollinear single bonds that allow segmental rotations along the backbone; 3) Non crystalline at service temperature • Rubber vs Elastomer: Rubber commonly refers to elastic materials that requires vulcanisation before they can be used in the products. However, there are elastic polymers that do not require vulcanisation such as polyurethane (PU), styrene- isoprene (SIS) copolymer. These elastic materials are classified under elastomer, which normally also includes rubbers. • Unvulcanised Rubbers: Unvulcanised rubbers are normally weak when put under stress during use. With very few exceptions, such as rubber glues almost all rubber products require vulcanisation to provide the required strength for a longer design life. • Elastomers: Polyurethane (PU), styrene-isoprene (SIS) copolymer, do not require vulcanisation to have good strength properties as they contain the hard segment Copyrightwhich © 2017 by K.L.is Mok good and A.H. Engfor strength and the soft segment good elasticity properties. 2 Rubber Vulcanisation & Crosslink Density • Vulcanization or vulcanisation: A reaction that leads to the formation of inter-molecular bonding among the unsaturated rubber molecules with 3 dimensional network such that the mechanical properties such as tensile strength is enhanced. The vulcanising agent originally referred to was elemental sulfur. Later, sulfur donor was included. It now also includes non sulfur systems such as metal oxide and peroxides. -
Tensile Properties of Pre-Vulcanised Natural Rubber Latex Films Via Hybrid Radiation and Peroxide Vulcanisations
ASM Sci. J., 11(2), 67-75 Tensile Properties of Pre-vulcanised Natural Rubber Latex Films via Hybrid Radiation and Peroxide Vulcanisations Sofian Ibrahim1;2∗, Chai Chee Keong1, Chantara Thevy Ratnam1 and Khairiah Badri2 1Malaysian Nuclear Agency, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia 2School of Chemical Science and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia Radiation pre-vulcanised natural rubber latex (RVNRL) prepared by using gamma irradia- tion technique has many advantages over the conventionally prepared sulphur pre-vulcanised natural rubber latex (SPVL). Despite the fact that many potential latex dipped products can be made from RVNRL, little effort was made to fully commercialise the products because of the inferior strength of RVNRL products compared to SPVL products. An attempt was made to improve the tensile strength of RVNRL by combining both radiation and peroxide vulcanisation in order to ensure that the products will not tear or fail, and has sufficient stretch. Hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA) plays the main role as sensitizer during radiation vulcanisation and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHPO) as the co-sensitizer in peroxide vul- canisation. Pre-vulcanised natural rubber latex dipped films via hybrid radiation and perox- idation vulcanisations obtained showed tensile strength of 26.7 MPa, an increment of more than 15% compared to controlled film (22.5 MPa). Besides, the crosslink percentage of the rubber films also showed around 5% increment from 90.7% to 95.6%. Keywords: RVNRL, vulcanisation, irradiation, latex I. INTRODUCTION the expansion of this positive sales performance. One of the major contributors to Malaysia's national income is rubber and latex-based prod- ucts. -
Model Vulcanization Systems for Butyl Rubber and Halobutyl Rubber Manual
Exxon™ butyl and halobutyl rubber Model vulcanization systems for butyl rubber and halobutyl rubber manual Country name(s) 2 - Model vulcanization systems for butyl rubber and halobutyl rubber manual Model vulcanization systems for butyl rubber and halobutyl rubber manual - 3 Abstract The vulcanization of isobutylene-co-isoprene rubber (IIR), brominated isobutylene-co-isoprene rubber (BIIR), chlorinated isobutylene-co-isoprene rubber (CIIR), and brominated isobutylene-co-para-methylstyrene elastomer (BIMSM) differs from that of general-purpose rubbers (GPR). Butyl rubber has approximately 2% unsaturation in the backbone. Halobutyl rubber (BIIR and CIIR) incorporates the butyl backbone with either bromine or chlorine, which significantly increases the chemical reactivity of the isoprenyl units located in the butyl backbone. Similarly, in BIMSM the bromine atom is bonded to the para-methylstyrene (PMS) group, thus affording the completely saturated polymer backbone a site of chemical reactivity. Utilization of the unique attributes of butyl rubber and halobutyl rubbers with their minimal backbone unsaturation and of BIMSM elastomers with no backbone unsaturation is found in many areas of industry. These properties are excellent vapor impermeation, resistance to heat degradation, and improved chemical resistance as compared to general-purpose rubbers. However, this low amount of reactivity requires special consideration to vulcanize these isobutylene-based polymers. The type of vulcanization system selected is a function of the composite structure in which it is used, and the cured product performance requirements. Therefore, vulcanization systems vary and may include an accelerator package along with resins, zinc oxide, zinc oxide and sulfur, and quinoid systems. This review will discuss the types and selection of appropriate vulcanization systems for isobutylene-based elastomers. -
Natural Rubber As a Green Commodity- Part II Kevin P
Natural rubber as a green commodity- Part II Kevin P. Jones, Malaysian Rubber Producers' Research Association Introduction B anbury 4.1 GJ/tonne of pallets and bale wrapping may IN THE LAST ISSUE of Rubber Calender 6.6 need to be considered within the new Developments Dr Wan Abdul Extruder 3.8 context of environmental quality Rahaman clearly demonstrated the Curing 6.3 control. 'green credentials' for natural rubber over its synthetic rivals (the key data are repeated below). Some may be The first figure is in general Environmental processing tempted to question whether there are agreement with measurements made at hazards hidden energy costs in the transport, MRPRA at about the same time, The rubber processing industry is use and disposal of natural rubber which estimated 1.2GJ/tonne for subject to specific environmental which offset the low energy budget of mastication and 2.9GJ/tonne for control in some countries. In the the natural material which is largely mixing. Both the overall figure of United Kingdom there are specific due to its solar, rather than fossil fuel 30GJ/tonne and the individual energy health and safety/environmental origins. breakdowns are probably well in protection regulations to limit the excess of the current best industrial emission of dust and fumes from Natural rubber versus practice. One efficient Scandinavian rubber processing operations. There is synthetic rubber company claims to be able to mix for an implied assertion that such dust and an energy cost of 0.4-lGJ/tonne fumes may be carcinogenic and that Material Energy consumption, within an overall energy requirement particular precautions must be taken. -
SAFETY DATA SHEET for Mission Rubber Neoprene Gaskets
SAFETY DATA SHEET for Mission Rubber Neoprene Gaskets SECTION TOPIC PG 1 Identification 1 2 Hazard Identification 1-2 3 Composition/Information On Ingredients 2 4 First Aid Measures 2 5 Firefighting Measures 2 6 Accidental Release Measures 3 7 Handling and Storage 3 8 Exposure Controls/Personal Protection 3 9 Physical and Chemical Properties 4 10 Stability and Reactivity 4 11 Toxicological Information 4 12 Ecological Information 5 13 Disposal Considerations 5 14 Exposure Controls/Personal Protection 5 15 Regulatory Information 5-6 16 Other Information 6 missionrubber.com (800) 854-9991 SAFETY DATA SHEET NEOPRENE GASKETS Section 1: IDENTIFICATION 1.1 Product identifier Product name: Neoprene Product part number: DPESISGRP251 CAS number: Ingredients: 184963-09-1. Synonyms: Neoprene. Product description: Neoprene Synthetic Rubber Gasket is a black color rubber with a mild characteristic odor. Product type: Solid 1.2 Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against Product use: For use only as specified in product literature 1.3 Details of the supplier of the safety data sheet Mission Rubber Company, LLC 1660 Lesson Lane Corona, CA 92879 1.4 Telephone number: 800-854-9991 Section 2: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION 2.1 Classification of Substance or Mixture Potential Health Effects Before using Neoprene Synthetic Rubbers, read Bulletin "Guide for Safety in Handling and FDA Status of Neoprene Solid Polymers". ADDITIONAL HEALTH EFFECTS POLYCHLOROPRENE BLEND ACUTE OR IMMEDIATE EFFECTS: ROUTES OF ENTRY AND SYMPTOMS Ingestion One type of Neoprene was tested for oral toxicity in rats. The LD-50 is in excess of 20,000 milligrams per kilogram body weight which is low toxicity. -
Mechanical Study Guide.Pdf
MECHANICAL CONCEPTS Turn on bookmarks to navigate this document . PURPOSE OF THIS GUIDE . BEARINGS . Michelin North America, Inc. Copyright © 2012 Michelin North America, Inc All rights reserved. The Michelin Man is a registered trademark of Michelin North America, Inc. www.michelin.com BEARINGS AND THEIR CATEGORIES Generalities A bearing is a mechanical device and it is important to know its various components. 1 2 Figure 1-1 . Michelin North America, Inc. Copyright © 2012 Michelin North America, Inc All rights reserved. The Michelin Man is a registered trademark of Michelin North America, Inc. www.michelin.com Categories of bearings Figure 1-2 . Michelin North America, Inc. Copyright © 2012 Michelin North America, Inc All rights reserved. The Michelin Man is a registered trademark of Michelin North America, Inc. www.michelin.com Radial bearings Radial bearings are made with balls or rollers, depending on the how the bearings are used. They are designed to withstand forces that are perpendicular to the axis of the shaft. Figure 1-3 Axial bearings Axial bearings, also known as thrust bearings, have either balls or rollers, but both are designed to withstand axial forces, which push or pull along the axis. Figure 1-4 . Michelin North America, Inc. Copyright © 2012 Michelin North America, Inc All rights reserved. The Michelin Man is a registered trademark of Michelin North America, Inc. www.michelin.com Radial bearings and their functions Ball bearings Name Function Rigid, with balls and Designed mainly to support deep track. radial loads, but can also take a bit of axial load. Name Function With filling notch.