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Caracterización De Reptiles Y Percepción Local Hacia Las Serpientes En Fincas Ganaderas De La Subcuenca Del Río Copán, Honduras

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Caracterización De Reptiles Y Percepción Local Hacia Las Serpientes En Fincas Ganaderas De La Subcuenca Del Río Copán, Honduras PROGRAMA DE EDUCACIÓN PARA EL DESARROLLO Y LA CONSERVACIÓN ESCUELA DE POSGRADO Caracterización de reptiles y percepción local hacia las serpientes en fincas ganaderas de la subcuenca del Río Copán, Honduras Tesis sometida a consideración de la Escuela de Posgrado, Programa de Educación para el Desarrollo y la Conservación del Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza como requisito para optar por el grado de Magíster Scientiae en Manejo y Conservación de Bosques Tropicales y Biodiversidad Por José Bayardo Alemán Mejía Turrialba, Costa Rica, 2008 II DEDICATORIA A 1977 A KUKULCÁN Dios serpiente de los mayas A los ganaderos y agricultores de la subcuenca del Río Copán, especialmente al pueblo maya- chortí A los que creían A los que no creían, por hacerme más fuerte Y claro, a DAMIAN quien me acompañó en esta incursión al “patio de los biólogos” III AGRADECIMIENTOS Al Russell E. Train Education for Nature Program (EFN) de World Wildlife Found (WWF) y a la Escuela de Posgrado del CATIE por el financiamiento académico. Al Bank of Netherlands Partnership Program (BNPP) del Banco Mundial-Grupo Ganadería y Manejo del Medio Ambiente (GAMMA) del CATIE por co-financiar la investigación. A los agricultores maya-chortí, en especial a don Eusebio Pérez y a Pedro Pérez. A todos los ganaderos de la subcuenca del Río Copán, en especial a don Marcos Torres. Especial agradecimiento al Dr. DeClerck mi “main advisor”, por su amistad, aportes teórico- prácticos claves y su especial entusiasmo por los reptiles. Al Dr. Casanoves por su personalizada asesoria, y al Dr. Finegan por sus particulares aportes y enseñarme sobre ecología y biología de la conservación. Al profesor Joel Sáenz, del Instituto Internacional en Conservación y Manejo de Vida Silvestre de la Universidad Nacional (ICOMVIS-UNA) de Costa Rica, por sus aportes y enseñanzas. Al Dr. Mahmood Sasa, de la Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR) por sus valiosos aportes. Al Dr. James Randy McCranie por su ayuda en la taxonomía de especies. A Sergio Vilchez por su amistad, enseñanzas y total colaboración. A Marcos Decker, mi biólogo de cabecera, y al “mae” Christian por ese mapazo que me regaló. A Dalia Sánchez por toda su ayuda, a Leonel Marineros por sus enseñanzas, a Samuel Pinto, el cazador de serpientes, y a Carlos Isaías López, el entrevistador estrella de San Jeronimo. A doña Martha, en Copán Ruinas, y a SONIA, en Cabañas por la colaboración brindada. A Rosita Jara, por su silenciosa contribución en mi formación, y a Don Marcos Gamboa por regalarme la frase “no se preocupe ocúpese” MUCHAS GRACIAS. Al equipo técnico-administrativo de FOCUENCAS: Josué, Marcos, Delmis, Vanessa y Maria. Para los “Peruvian people” Abel y Gladis no gracias, sino hasta pronto. Mi total agradecimiento a tod@s l@s que no menciono y que contribuyeron a que los muchos “imposibles” fueran posibles para materializar este proyecto académico. IV BIOGRAFÍA José Bayardo Alemán Mejía, nació en Catacamas, Olancho, Honduras el 11 de septiembre de 1962. Se graduó de agrónomo en la Escuela Nacional de Agricultura de Honduras en 1982. Posteriormente obtuvo su licenciatura en ciencias agronómicas en la Universidad Nacional de Agricultura, en Honduras, en el año 2004. Su experiencia laboral ha sido como extensionista- transferencista agropecuario en el sector privado y gubernamental, de 1983 al año 2000. Durante el período del 2001 al 2005 se desempeño como técnico-docente en la Universidad Nacional de Agricultura de Honduras. Posteriormente, convencido de que el agro debe abordarse en combinación con la biología y ecología de la conservación realiza estudios de posgrado en Manejo y Conservación de Bosques tropicales y la Biodiversidad en el CATIE, período 2006- 2007. Su tesis de grado se titula “Caracterización de reptiles y percepción local hacia las serpientes en fincas ganaderas de la subcuenca del Rió Copan, Honduras”. V CONTENIDO DEDICATORIA ............................................................................................................................III AGRADECIMIENTOS................................................................................................................ IV BIOGRAFÍA...................................................................................................................................V CONTENIDO ............................................................................................................................... VI RESUMEN ................................................................................................................................... IX SUMMARY....................................................................................................................................X ÍNDICE DE CUADROS .............................................................................................................XII ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS ..............................................................................................................XIII LISTA DE UNIDADES, ABREVIATURAS Y SIGLAS...........................................................XV 1 INTRODUCCIÓN...................................................................................................................1 1.1 Objetivos del estudio ........................................................................................................... 2 1.1.1 Objetivo general ............................................................................................................2 1.1.2 Objetivos específicos......................................................................................................3 1.2 Hipótesis del estudio............................................................................................................ 3 2 MARCO CONCEPTUAL .......................................................................................................4 2.1 Historia natural y conservación de los reptiles .................................................................... 4 2.2 Efectos de la fragmentación en la vida silvestre.................................................................. 6 2.3 Papel ecológico de los reptiles y su importancia para el humano ....................................... 9 2.4 Ofidismo en Centroamérica............................................................................................... 11 2.5 La cultura campesina, percepción de la naturaleza y la adopción de Sistemas Silvopastoriles (SSP) .........................................................................................................12 3 Bibliografía ............................................................................................................................15 4 Artículo I. Caracterización de reptiles en fincas ganaderas del paisaje de la subcuenca del Río Copán, Honduras......................................................................................................19 4.1 Introducción....................................................................................................................... 21 4.2 Materiales y métodos......................................................................................................... 25 4.2.1 Área de estudio ............................................................................................................25 4.2.2 Metodología para estimación de riqueza y abundancia de reptiles............................27 4.2.2.1 Diseño del muestreo............................................................................................ 27 4.2.2.2 Esfuerzo de muestreo.......................................................................................... 29 VI 4.2.2.3 Análisis de los datos ........................................................................................... 31 4.2.3 Resultados....................................................................................................................32 4.2.4 Transectos de muestreo ...............................................................................................33 4.2.5 Colecta general............................................................................................................36 4.2.6 Comparación de la diversidad, riqueza y abundancia de reptiles en los diferentes usos de suelo ...............................................................................................38 4.2.6.1 Diferencias de riqueza y abundancia de reptiles entre zonas y épocas............... 40 4.2.6.2 Análisis de composición ..................................................................................... 41 4.2.6.3 Correlación entre la diversidad de reptiles y factores de hábitat ........................ 44 4.3 Discusión ........................................................................................................................... 46 4.3.1 Transectos de muestreo ...............................................................................................47 4.3.2 Colecta general............................................................................................................48 4.3.3 Comparación de la diversidad, riqueza, y abundancia de reptiles en los diferentes usos de suelo ...............................................................................................49 4.4 Conclusiones...................................................................................................................... 55 4.5 Recomendaciones .............................................................................................................
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