Radioisotope Power Systems: an Imperative for Maintaining U.S
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Mission to Jupiter
This book attempts to convey the creativity, Project A History of the Galileo Jupiter: To Mission The Galileo mission to Jupiter explored leadership, and vision that were necessary for the an exciting new frontier, had a major impact mission’s success. It is a book about dedicated people on planetary science, and provided invaluable and their scientific and engineering achievements. lessons for the design of spacecraft. This The Galileo mission faced many significant problems. mission amassed so many scientific firsts and Some of the most brilliant accomplishments and key discoveries that it can truly be called one of “work-arounds” of the Galileo staff occurred the most impressive feats of exploration of the precisely when these challenges arose. Throughout 20th century. In the words of John Casani, the the mission, engineers and scientists found ways to original project manager of the mission, “Galileo keep the spacecraft operational from a distance of was a way of demonstrating . just what U.S. nearly half a billion miles, enabling one of the most technology was capable of doing.” An engineer impressive voyages of scientific discovery. on the Galileo team expressed more personal * * * * * sentiments when she said, “I had never been a Michael Meltzer is an environmental part of something with such great scope . To scientist who has been writing about science know that the whole world was watching and and technology for nearly 30 years. His books hoping with us that this would work. We were and articles have investigated topics that include doing something for all mankind.” designing solar houses, preventing pollution in When Galileo lifted off from Kennedy electroplating shops, catching salmon with sonar and Space Center on 18 October 1989, it began an radar, and developing a sensor for examining Space interplanetary voyage that took it to Venus, to Michael Meltzer Michael Shuttle engines. -
Electric Propulsion System Modeling for the Proposed Prometheus 1 Mission
NASA/TM—2005-213892 AIAA–2005–3891 Electric Propulsion System Modeling for the Proposed Prometheus 1 Mission Douglas Fiehler QSS Group, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio Ryan Dougherty Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California David Manzella Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio September 2005 The NASA STI Program Office . in Profile Since its founding, NASA has been dedicated to • CONFERENCE PUBLICATION. Collected the advancement of aeronautics and space papers from scientific and technical science. The NASA Scientific and Technical conferences, symposia, seminars, or other Information (STI) Program Office plays a key part meetings sponsored or cosponsored by in helping NASA maintain this important role. NASA. The NASA STI Program Office is operated by • SPECIAL PUBLICATION. Scientific, Langley Research Center, the Lead Center for technical, or historical information from NASA’s scientific and technical information. The NASA programs, projects, and missions, NASA STI Program Office provides access to the often concerned with subjects having NASA STI Database, the largest collection of substantial public interest. aeronautical and space science STI in the world. The Program Office is also NASA’s institutional • TECHNICAL TRANSLATION. English- mechanism for disseminating the results of its language translations of foreign scientific research and development activities. These results and technical material pertinent to NASA’s are published by NASA in the NASA STI Report mission. Series, which includes the following report types: Specialized services that complement the STI • TECHNICAL PUBLICATION. Reports of Program Office’s diverse offerings include completed research or a major significant creating custom thesauri, building customized phase of research that present the results of databases, organizing and publishing research NASA programs and include extensive data results . -
Solar System Exploration: a Vision for the Next Hundred Years
IAC-04-IAA.3.8.1.02 SOLAR SYSTEM EXPLORATION: A VISION FOR THE NEXT HUNDRED YEARS R. L. McNutt, Jr. Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory Laurel, Maryland, USA [email protected] ABSTRACT The current challenge of space travel is multi-tiered. It includes continuing the robotic assay of the solar system while pressing the human frontier beyond cislunar space, with Mars as an ob- vious destination. The primary challenge is propulsion. For human voyages beyond Mars (and perhaps to Mars), the refinement of nuclear fission as a power source and propulsive means will likely set the limits to optimal deep space propulsion for the foreseeable future. Costs, driven largely by access to space, continue to stall significant advances for both manned and unmanned missions. While there continues to be a hope that commercialization will lead to lower launch costs, the needed technology, initial capital investments, and markets have con- tinued to fail to materialize. Hence, initial development in deep space will likely remain govern- ment sponsored and driven by scientific goals linked to national prestige and perceived security issues. Against this backdrop, we consider linkage of scientific goals, current efforts, expecta- tions, current technical capabilities, and requirements for the detailed exploration of the solar system and consolidation of off-Earth outposts. Over the next century, distances of 50 AU could be reached by human crews but only if resources are brought to bear by international consortia. INTRODUCTION years hence, if that much3, usually – and rightly – that policy goals and technologies "Where there is no vision the people perish.” will change so radically on longer time scales – Proverbs, 29:181 that further extrapolation must be relegated to the realm of science fiction – or fantasy. -
Comet/Asteroid Protection System (CAPS): Preliminary Space-Based System Concept and Study Results
NASA/TM-2005-213758 Comet/Asteroid Protection System (CAPS): Preliminary Space-Based System Concept and Study Results Daniel D. Mazanek, Carlos M. Roithmayr, and Jeffrey Antol Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia Sang-Young Park, Robert H. Koons, and James C. Bremer Swales Aerospace, Inc., Hampton, Virginia Douglas G. Murphy, James A. Hoffman, Renjith R. Kumar, and Hans Seywald Analytical Mechanics Associates, Inc., Hampton, Virginia Linda Kay-Bunnell and Martin R. Werner Joint Institute for Advancement of Flight Sciences (JIAFS) The George Washington University, Hampton, Virginia Matthew A. Hausman Colorado Center for Astrodynamics Research The University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado Jana L. Stockum San Diego State University, San Diego, California May 2005 The NASA STI Program Office . in Profile Since its founding, NASA has been dedicated to the • CONFERENCE PUBLICATION. Collected advancement of aeronautics and space science. The papers from scientific and technical NASA Scientific and Technical Information (STI) conferences, symposia, seminars, or other Program Office plays a key part in helping NASA meetings sponsored or co-sponsored by NASA. maintain this important role. • SPECIAL PUBLICATION. Scientific, The NASA STI Program Office is operated by technical, or historical information from NASA Langley Research Center, the lead center for NASA’s programs, projects, and missions, often scientific and technical information. The NASA STI concerned with subjects having substantial Program Office provides access to the NASA STI public interest. Database, the largest collection of aeronautical and space science STI in the world. The Program Office is • TECHNICAL TRANSLATION. English- also NASA’s institutional mechanism for language translations of foreign scientific and disseminating the results of its research and technical material pertinent to NASA’s mission. -
982-R120461 October 1, 2005
982-R120461 October 1, 2005 PROMETHEUS PROJECT National Aeronautics and Space Administration Final Report Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California [This page intentionally left blank] 982-R120461 PROMETHEUS PROJECT OCTOBER 1, 2005 FINAL REPORT Signature Page Name Title Date Signature Randall Taylor Prometheus Project Closeout Manager i 982-R120461 PROMETHEUS PROJECT OCTOBER 1, 2005 FINAL REPORT [This page intentionally left blank] ii 982-R120461 PROMETHEUS PROJECT OCTOBER 1, 2005 FINAL REPORT Acknowledgement The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), a division of the California Institute of Technology, manages the Prometheus Project for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s Prometheus Nuclear Systems Program. iii 982-R120461 PROMETHEUS PROJECT OCTOBER 1, 2005 FINAL REPORT [This page intentionally left blank] iv 982-R120461 PROMETHEUS PROJECT OCTOBER 1, 2005 FINAL REPORT TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................1 1.1 Project Identification................................................................................................1 1.2 Project Summary......................................................................................................1 1.3 Project History .........................................................................................................2 1.4 Scope of Final Report ..............................................................................................4 -
Nuclear Power to Advance Space Exploration Gary L
Poster Paper P. 7.7 First Flights: Nuclear Power to Advance Space Exploration Gary L. Bennett E. W. Johnson Metaspace Enterprises EWJ Enterprises Emmett, Idaho Centerville, Ohio International Air & Space Symposium and Exposition Dayton Convention Center 14-17 July 2003 Dayton, Ohio USA r ... penni.. l .. 10 p~bli . h ..... ..,."b ll .~, ... ~ t .d til. <Op)'rigbt 0 ........ aomod oa tho fin' po_" ...... A1M.IIdd ..., yri ,hl, ... rit< .. AIM hrmi.. lou Dop a_I, 18(11 AI . ..od ... B<l1 Ori .... S.11e SIlO , R.stu. VA. 20191""-i44 FIRST FLIGHTS: NUCLEAR POWER TO ADVANCE SPACE EXPLORATION Gary L. Bennett E. W. Johnson Metaspace Enterprises EWJ Enterprises 5000 Butte Road 1017 Glen Arbor Court Emmett, Idaho 83617-9500 Centerville, Ohio 45459-5421 Tel/Fax: 1+208.365.1210 Telephone: 1+937.435.2971 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Abstract One of the 20th century's breakthroughs that enabled and/or enhanced challenging space flights was the development of nuclear power sources for space applications. Nuclear power sources have allowed spacecraft to fly into regions where sunlight is dim or virtually nonexistent. Nuclear power sources have enabled spacecraft to perform extended missions that would have been impossible with more conventional power sources (e.g., photovoltaics and batteries). It is fitting in the year of the 100th anniversary of the first powered flight to consider the advancements made in space nuclear power as a natural extension of those first flights at Kitty Hawk to extending human presence into the Solar System and beyond. Programs were initiated in the mid 1950s to develop both radioisotope and nuclear reactor power sources for space applications. -
Solar System Explorationsolar System Exploration
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20070014672 2019-08-29T18:40:29+00:00Z SolarSolar SystemSystem ExplorationExploration 2nd International Planetary Probe Workshop August, 2004 James Robinson Program Executive, Solar System Exploration Division NASA Science Mission Directorate Agenda • Introduction • Solar System Exploration – Highlights – Status of Programs • Technology Drivers and Plans • Summary Highlights Major accomplishments • Genesis completed sample collection period April 26, and heads home • MER successfully completed primary science mission April 26, and was approved to continue through Sep ‘04 • Robotic Lunar Exploration Program started, and 2008 Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter AO released June 18 • Cassini-Huygens entered Saturn Orbit June 30th • Independent review of Huygens probe release end to end events started • 2 New Frontiers candidate missions selected July 15 for ΦA studies Discovery proposals received July16 in response to March AO • Kepler subsystems peer reviews started in preparation for PDR/NAR Oct • Deep Impact full up system T/V testing completed successfully • Dawn met all of its confirmation terms and conditions successfully • MESSENGER was successfully launched Highlights Major Issues/Concerns • New Horizons launch vehicle certification, launch approval, NEPA, LANL security/safety issue, typical of nuclear powered missions on low flight rate launch vehicles • Re-establishing the Discovery/New Frontiers Program Office (now at MSFC) • Reconciliation of full cost impact on programs • Maintaining focus on priorities -
PURE MILK. >1 Daily Messenger
• \ - - y ' .. ..,,...... •»..?<i (.'• ., .... 1 . > - ' - ' - • - • —•-• w-- -"'•t*^ -"•*+ r^ <~?rU-r^<, r'r^Vt" ?-£.'!: •3^*?; dJL' ^J< „ : <•>£> _ 'V: • ' :-' •'. ".-.-•v.-. ••- :.,.'i,'...-' -.:'r • •.--- ' — - '.' • ••'••'. " • . •• -.•r-rrr-'t ••V.»Vjl-fJW.-i'-':t". - SM -<>?:"•: ": A' '.>'•:* • li'. ' .,t;r- A^.'W iSjtt'.iU A. .,, , ; ;-•<".p. * , *;.^^,;5.-r^ ^st&wji* • V. -v.; .Vr- A 4 .... ^jKk '•' ^w^s-v* ixstikjtm, .'s ?• .;"- "'i - '• ;;v<? ; i •-. ;. ;4.;.-^ :'* "(".i •' • - - ^ l : .»...' • -.>'•/•'} '"<• .:.':W.-;V^; . i :••' ! NORWALK, CONNECTICUT, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 1, 1881.«,1. V,?"-' .i.v-vs.' W-rH-iv,.,;...ifi-W' v. -•*"•—* < VOL. LXIY.-vNUMBl!Ei WHOLE NUMBER 1726 At 7 a. m. a sharp cannonade was opened ** My Godly Man. rifle-pits had been thrown up with epaul- lorsville toward the Rappahannock, passed NORWALK GAZETTE, REAL^ESTATE. Tlie Harbor Bar. on our left, followed by infantry demonstra J. M. POTTER, i * (From tbe Utica Observer*) • vu it:'i•' -1 mcnts for artillery. Especially was this the along Banks' Ford, six miles distant, and tions of no paiticular earnestness. Two houis PUBLISHED EVERY TUESQ^.MORRiRS, 5 DEALER IN You ask me if I think a godly man ^ CIIAELE8 BUEE TODD. case at what is called Banks'Ford and the continued to Fredericksburg. That wing For Sale or to Rent. a l^ter the enemy was observed moving a mile —35 Doses Can be built up Christ-like, on naturea plan, A ship has crossed the harbor bar, United .States Ford, each of which was held was ready for the advance at an early hour WO HOUSES, one of Six Booms, on Fair St.; or so to the south and front of the centre, '35 cents. -
Vision for Space Exploration”
Order Code RS21720 Updated June 9, 2005 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Space Exploration: Issues Concerning the “Vision for Space Exploration” Marcia S. Smith Resources, Science, and Industry Division Summary On January 14, 2004, President George W. Bush announced new goals for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), directing the agency to focus on returning humans to the Moon by 2020, and eventually sending them to Mars and “worlds beyond.” Most of the funding for this “Vision for Space Exploration” is to be redirected from other NASA activities, including terminating the space shuttle program in 2010, and ending U.S. participation in the International Space Station by FY2017. Space science, earth science, and aeronautics programs also would be impacted. In 2004, NASA estimated the cost for returning humans to the Moon at about $64 billion through FY2020 (excluding robotic probes). An estimate for the other Vision goals was not provided. The President invited other countries to join. Whether to proceed with the Vision as outlined by the President, and its impact on NASA’s workforce and other activities, are being debated by Congress. This report is updated regularly. Overview of President George W. Bush’s Vision for Space Exploration On January 14, 2004, President George W. Bush announced new goals for the U.S. space program [http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2004/01/20040114-3.html]. Amplified by documents from the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) [http://www.ostp.gov] and NASA, the main features of this “Vision for Space Exploration” are the following. -
2003 Astronomy Magazine Index
2003 astronomy magazine index Catchall (Martian crater), 11:30 observing Mars from, 7:32 hydrogen, 10:28 Subject index CCD (charge-coupled device) cameras, planets like, 6:48–53 Hydrus (constellation), 10:72–75 3:84–87, 5:84–87 seasons of, 3:72–73 A CCD techniques, 9:100–105 tilt of axis, 2:68, 5:72–73 I accidents, space-related, 7:42–47 Celestron C6-R (refractor), 11:84 EarthExplorer web site, 4:30 Achernar (star), 10:30 iceball, found beyond Pluto, 1:24 Celestron C8-N (reflector), 11:86 eclipses India, plans to visit Moon, 10:29 Advanced Camera for Surveys, 4:28 Celestron CGE-1100 (amateur telescope), in Australia (2003), 4:80–83 ALMA (Atacama Large Millimeter Array), infrared survey, 8:31 11:88 lunar integrating wavelengths, 4:24 3:36 Celestron NexStar 8 GPS (amateur telescope), of 2003, 5:18 Amalthea (Jupiter’s moon), 4:28 interferometry 1:84–87 of May 15, 2003, 5:60, 80–83, 88–89 techniques for, 7:48–53 Amateur Achievement Award, 9:32 Celestron NexStar 8i (amateur telescope), solar Andromeda Galaxy VLT interferometer, 2:32 11:89 of May 31, 2003, 5:80–83, 88–89 International Space Station, 3:31 picture of, 2:12–13 Centaurus A (NGC 5128) galaxy Edgar Wilson Award, 11:30 young stars in, 9:86–89 Internet, virtual observatories on, 9:80–85 1,000 Mira stars discovered in, 10:28 Egg Nebula, 8:36 Intes MK67 (amateur telescope), 11:89 Annefrank (asteroid), 2:32 picture of, 10:12–13 elliptical galaxies, 8:31 antineutrinos, 4:26 Io (Jupiter’s moon), 3:30 ripped apart satellite galaxy, 2:32 Eta Carinae (nebula), 5:29 ISAAC multi-mode instrument, 4:32 antisolar point, 10:18 Centaurus (constellation), 4:74–77 ETX-90EC (amateur telescope), 11:89 Antlia (constellation), 4:74–77 cepheid variable stars, 9:90–91 Europa (Jupiter’s moon), 12:30, 77 aphelion, 6:68–69 Challenger (space shuttle), 7:42–47 exoplanet magnetosphere, 11:28 J Apollo 1 (spacecraft), 7:42–47 J002E3 satellite, 1:30 Chamaeleon (constellation), 12:80–83 extrasolar planets. -
FINAL REPORT SYSTEM DESIGN of the PIONEER VENUS SPACECRAFT VOLUME 2 SCIENCE U a by L.K
FINAL REPORT SYSTEM DESIGN OF THE PIONEER VENUS SPACECRAFT VOLUME 2 SCIENCE U a By L.K. ACHESON NET AL. P 0 JUL1974 E-4 (d U ,L) July 1973 R ECFIvJ_ o w 0 (v Prepared Under Contract No.. i a - 750 W0 By 'PPli HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY me o EL SEGUNDO, CALIFORNIA AME S For I AMES RESEARCH CENTER NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION . ErZ4 C) IS~ PREFACE The Hughes Aircraft Company Pioneer Venus final report is based on study task reports prepared during performance of the "System Design Study of the Pioneer Spacecraft. " These task reports were forwarded to Ames Research Center as they were completed during the nine months study phase. The significant results from these task reports, along with study results developed after task report publication dates, are reviewed in this final report to provide complete study documentation. Wherever appropriate, the task reports are cited by referencing a task number and Hughes report refer- ence number. The task reports can be made available to the reader specific- ally interested in the details omitted in the final report for the sake of brevity. This Pioneer Venus Study final report describes the following baseline configurations: * "Thor/Delta Spacecraft Baseline" is the baseline presented at the midterm review on 26 February 1973. * "Atlas/Centaur Spacecraft Baseline" is the baseline resulting from studies conducted since the midterm, but prior to receipt of the NASA execution phase RFP, and subsequent to decisions to launch both the multiprobe and orbiter missions in 1978 and use the Atlas/Centaur launch vehicle. * "Atlas/Centaur Spacecraft Midterm Baseline" is the baseline presented at the 26 February 1973 review and is only used in the launch vehicle utilization trade study. -
Nuclear Power Sources and Future Space Exploration
Chicago Journal of International Law Volume 6 Number 1 Article 11 6-1-2005 Nuclear Power Sources and Future Space Exploration Steven A. Mirmina David J. Den Herder Follow this and additional works at: https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cjil Recommended Citation Mirmina, Steven A. and Den Herder, David J. (2005) "Nuclear Power Sources and Future Space Exploration," Chicago Journal of International Law: Vol. 6: No. 1, Article 11. Available at: https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cjil/vol6/iss1/11 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Chicago Unbound. It has been accepted for inclusion in Chicago Journal of International Law by an authorized editor of Chicago Unbound. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Nuclear Power Sources and Future Space Exploration Steven A. Mirmina and David J. Den Herder* I. INTRODUCTION On January 14, 2004, President Bush announced a multi-decade long "Vision for Space Exploration" that encompasses human and robotic travel to the moon, Mars, and beyond. Central to this vision, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration ("NASA") is pursuing "Project Prometheus," a program that will manifest NASA's intention to revolutionize exploration in the twenty-first century. Project Prometheus represents a tremendous development in technology. When complete, it will utilize new and highly advanced power systems, including nuclear fission reactor technology, to enable systemic and propulsive power generation in space. Eventually, future nuclear thermal propulsion applications realized under Project Prometheus would hope to cut the travel time for a human journey to Mars from three years round-trip to a mere ninety days each way.