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Maitland & San Martín Maitland&San Martin 8/17/01 13:47 Page 1 Rodolfo H. Terragno MAITLAND & SAN MARTÍN Maitland&San Martin 8/17/01 13:47 Page 2 UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE QUILMES Rector Julio M. Villar Vicerrector de Gestión y Planeamiento Mario Greco Vicerrector de Asuntos Académicos Alejandro Villar Vicerrector de Investigaciones Julián Echave Vicerrector de Posgrado Daniel Gomez Vicerrector de Relaciones Institucionales Ernesto López Maitland&San Martin 8/17/01 13:47 Page 3 Rodolfo H. Terragno MAITLAND & SAN MARTÍN Maitland&San Martin 8/17/01 13:47 Page 4 Documentos Colección dirigida por Julio Villar Maitland & San Martín, de Rodolfo H. Terragno Universidad Nacional de Quilmes Primera edición, 1998 Segunda edición, 1999 Tercera edición, corregida, 2001 © Rodolfo H. Terragno © Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, 1998 Roque Sáenz Peña 180, Bernal (B1876BXD) Pcia. de Buenos Aires (5411) 4365-7100 www.unq.edu.ar [email protected] ISBN: 987-9173-35-X Cuidado de la edición: Margarita Pierini Diseño de portada: Lorenzo Shakespear Diseño de interior: Mariana Rodríguez Nemitz Queda hecho el depósito que marca la ley 11.723 Maitland&San Martin 8/17/01 13:47 Page 5 ÍNDICE & . 13 INTRODUCCIÓN. La aguja en el pajar . 15 CAPÍTULO 1. Papel y realidad . 19 · El Plan Maitland. 19 · La campaña de San Martín . 21 RECUADRO: Dictionary of National Biography . 28 · “La perspectiva de un beneficio inmediato” . 30 · Una coincidencia asombrosa. 31 RECUADRO: Como dos gotas de agua . 32 CAPÍTULO 2. La historia de Maitland . 33 Recomendación al lector . 33 · El origen normando . 33 · Los condes de Lauderdale . 34 · María Reina de Escoceses . 34 · Escocia y los jacobitas . 35 · Derrota de los clanes . 36 · Integración al ejército imperial . 37 · Nace Thomas . 37 · Militar desde la cuna . 38 · Problemas de familia . 39 · Pasaje al Oriente. 39 · El octavo Conde . 40 · Adiós a la India. 41 · Toussaint l’Ouverture . 41 5 Maitland&San Martin 8/17/01 13:47 Page 6 · Esclavos en chaquetas rojas. 42 · Belle-Île-en-Mer. 43 · Thomas Maitland, M.P. 44 · Consejero del Rey . 44 · Ceilán . 45 · La bailarina mestiza . 47 · Malta. 48 · La Orden del Baño . 50 · Amo del Mediterráneo . 50 · El Rey Tom . 51 · Un rudo viejo déspota. 51 · R.I.P. 52 RECUADRO: La Compañía de las Indias Orientales . 54 CAPÍTULO 3. La historia del plan . 57 · El gobierno de Pitt el Joven y su Secretario de Guerra, Dundas. 57 · Hippisley, el hombre clave . 57 · Jesuitas mendocinos en el Vaticano. 59 · La idea de ocupar Sudamérica . 60 · Maitland, encargado de elaborar un plan militar . 61 • TEXTO COMPLETO DEL PRIMER MEMORANDO . 62 · Dundas quiere un plan más ambicioso . 80 · El plan definitivo . 80 • TEXTO COMPLETO DEL PLAN DEFINITIVO. 81 · Caída de Pitt y juicio a Dundas . 99 CAPÍTULO 4. Antes y después de Maitland . ..101 · Dundas, el Rey sin corona . 101 · El Plan Vansittart (1796). 102 · La documentación de la cual dispuso Maitland. 103 6 Maitland&San Martin 8/17/01 13:47 Page 7 · Influencia de Maitland en planes posteriores . 104 · El plan Popham-Miranda . 104 · La misión Craufurd . 105 · Expedición al Río de la Plata. 105 · Beresford: héroe y villano . 106 · Cabo de la Buena Esperanza: ¿destino o estación? . 107 · La Union Jack flamea en el fuerte de Buenos Aires. 108 RECUADRO: The Times, “Captura de Buenos Aires” . 109 · Un millón de dólares a cuenta . 110 · Sólo 48 días . 110 · Rodríguez Peña-Padilla: el error fue venir en plan de conquista . 111 · Beresford rescatado por Rodríguez Peña y Padilla . 112 · Whitelocke o la revancha frustrada. 113 · El fracaso de las invasiones da la razón a Maitland . 114 · El futuro Wellington se prepara para invadir Hispanoamérica . 116 · Napoleón convierte a Inglaterra en aliada de España . 117 · Cambio de destino: el futuro Wellington en la Península 117 RECUADRO: Títulos nobiliarios de Gran Bretaña . 119 CAPÍTULO 5. La conexión peninsular . 123 · El futuro Wellington y la conquista de Hispanoamérica . 123 · Con Popham, a Copenhague. 124 · Frenar a Napoleón en la Península . 125 · El hermano de Wellesley . 126 · San Martín se relaciona con militares británicos . 126 · Duff, San Martín y una “profunda y sincera amistad” . 126 · El clan de los Macduff. 127 · Amigo del Príncipe Regente y de Wellesley . 128 · “Reclutamiento y traición” . 129 · El hermano de James, uno de los invasores de Buenos Aires. 130 7 Maitland&San Martin 8/17/01 13:47 Page 8 · Witthingham: con Whitelocke en el Plata, con San Martín en Bailén . 130 · Beresford: de conquistador de Buenos Aires a jefe de San Martín . 132 · Baird, amigo de Popham y (también él) invasor de Buenos Aires . 132 · Craufurd: otro veterano del Río de la Plata . 133 · Popham, también en la Península . 134 · “Con destino a la ciudad de Lima”. 134 · Un críptico anuncio . 136 · San Martín sale de España con pasaporte inglés . 137 · Una amistad perdurable. 137 CAPÍTULO 6. Las dos Españas . 139 · Españolísimo . 139 · Don Juan, Capitán de los Reales Ejércitos de España . 140 · Castellano y castellana. 141 · “Cristianos viejos, honrados, de sangre limpia” . 141 · De administrador de hacienda a Teniente Gobernador de Yapeyú . 142 · El futuro Libertador es llevado a España . 142 · Bautismo de fuego . 143 · “Por la Católica.
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