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Quatre Des Cinq Leucorrhines Connues En FICHE TECHNIQUE Présentation des biotopes de leucorrhines, orientations de gestion et d'entretien, et clé de détermination uatre des cinq leucorrhines connues en QFrance sont présentes en Franche-Comté. Elles sont inscrites sur la liste rouge régionale révisée en 2013. La leucorrhine à large queue (Leucorrhinia caudalis), la leucorrhine à front blanc (Leucor- rhinia albifrons) et la leucorrhine à gros thorax (Leucorrhinia pectoralis) font partie des espèces bénéficiant du plan national d’actions. Elles ont donc été également intégrées à la liste des espèces prioritaires du plan régional d’actions Odonates (PRAO) de Franche-Comté. Le bi lan stationnel de la leucorrhine à large queue a été réalisé en 2010, celui de la leucorrhine à gros thorax en 2012 et celui de la leucorrhine à front blanc le sera en 2016. La leucorrhine douteuse (Leucorrhinia dubia) Leucorrhine à gros thorax (A. Ruffoni) fait partie des espèces complémentaires du plan régional d’actions en faveur des Odonates (PRAO), document téléchargeable sur notre site Internet (www.cbnfc.org). Statuts de protection et d’inventaire VU CR EN P LC P NT An IV An IV A. Ruffoni Leucorrhine à large queue LC J-L. Lambert Leucorrhine à front blanc LC EN VU EN D D D P NT NTNT An II LC A. Ruffoni Leucorrhine à gros thorax LC et An IV G. Doucet Leucorrhine douteuse Habitats des leucorrhines en Franche-Comté Les quatre espèces de leucorrhines présentes en Franche-Comté occupent des habitats similaires qui correspondent généralement à des plans d’eau peu profonds, oligotrophes* à mésotrophes, qui sont souvent situés en contexte boisé. Alors que la leucorrhine douteuse montre une nette préférence pour les eaux acides et oligotrophes, les trois autres espèces sont moins strictement liées à ces paramètres et fréquentent les bras morts, les lacs mésotrophes, les étangs et les gravières. Liste rouge ZNIEFF D = Déterminant Directive habitats-faune-flore CR = En danger critique d'extinction NT = Quasi menacé An II = Annexe II EN = En danger d'extinction LC = Préoccupation mineure Protection P = Protégé An IV = Annexe IV LÉGENDE VU = Vulnérable LEUCORRHINE À FRONT BLANC ET LEUCORRHINE À LARGE QUEUE Leucorrhine à large queue Macro-habitat de la leucorrhine à large queue au Grand Etang de Frasne (25) 1 Un exemple à la loupe : le Grand Etang de Frasne est situé dans le Doubs au sein du site Natura 2000 Bassin du Dru- geon, géré par le Syndicat Mixte des Milieux Aquatiques du Haut-Doubs (SMMAHD). Ce site abrite de belles populations Macro-habitat de leucorrhines à large queue et à front blanc. La leucorrhine à large queue est observée essentiellement au niveau de la queue Il s’agit d’un plan d’eau acide ou légèrement acide, oligo-mésotrophe d’étang, alors que la leucorrhine à front blanc occupe la partie nord. A noter que les deux autres espèces de leucorrhines à mésotrophe bien exposé. La pente doit être très douce depuis la francs-comtoises sont également présentes dans la vallée du Drugeon. Des travaux de restauration de tourbières menés dans rive, et la présence d’une mosaïque d’hélophytes et d’hydrophytes et le cadre du LIFE Tourbières du Jura bénéficient d’ailleurs à la leucorrhine à gros thorax dans certains secteurs. de zones d’eau libre est indispensable. Macro-habitat de la leucorrhine à front Leucorrhine à front blanc 1 blanc au Grand Etang de Frasne (25) C. Genin Macro-habitat Micro-habitat Un plan d’eau légèrement eutrophe* bénéficiant d’une bonne expo- Micro-habitat de la leucorrhine à large Une zone riveraine entre 20 cm et 1 m occupée queue au Grand Etang de Frasne (25) 2 sition. La pente doit être douce depuis la rive et la présence d’une par des hélophytes et des hydrophytes. mosaïque d’hydrophytes* et de zones d’eau libre est indispensable. A. Ruffoni C. Genin Exuvie de Leucorrhinia caudalis Le Grand Etang de Frasne (25) * Micro-habitat de la leucorrhine à front Micro-habitat Menace 1 2 blanc au Grand Etang de Frasne (25) Une zone riveraine Changement d’utilisation de l’espace en C. Genin dont la profondeur périphérie des plans d’eau : intensifica- est inférieure à 1,5 m tion des pratiques agricoles, développe- avec des hélophytes* 2 ment d’activités touristiques entrainant une réduction des zones arborées et arbustives. des groupements végétaux du Charion Action conservatoire 1 fragilis et/ou Nym- 1 phaeion albae. Maintien des zones arborées et arbustives indispensables à la dynamique des populations. Emergence de Leucorrhinia M. Paris C. Genin albifrons Menace 2 Curage ou faucardage des hydrophytes flottants. Menace 1 Dégradation des sites de reproduction par eutrophisation d'origine anthropique ou naturelle. Action conservatoire 2 Envahissement excessif par la végétation. Curage et faucardage à éviter pour éviter le remplacement des nymphéas par un tapis continu de nénuphars jaunes. Action conservatoire 1 Contrôle des pollutions potentielles d’origine agricole ou domestique par la mise en place de 1 zones tampons et l'encadrement des pratiques. Lutte contre l'atterrissement. 2 Menace 2 Disparition de la végétation flottante (curage excessif, introduction de poissons herbivores...). B. Tissot Action conservatoire 2 Maintien de la végétation flottante. Observations de leucorrhines : • Leucorrhinia albifrons • Leucorrhinia dubia (Burmeister, 1839) (Vander Linden, 1825) J. Claude LÉGENDE • Leucorrhinia caudalis • Leucorrhinia pectoralis B. Tissot (Charpentier, 1840) (Charpentier, 1825) * menace concernant les quatre leucorrhines LEUCORRHINE DOUTEUSE ET LEUCORRHINE À GROS THORAX Leucorrhine à gros thorax Un exemple à la loupe : la tourbière de la Grande Pile est située sur la commune de Saint-Germain en Haute-Saône. Elle est la plus grande tourbière du massif vosgien comtois. Elle abrite les leucorrhines douteuse et à gros thorax. Macro-habitat Le CEN Franche-Comté est gestionnaire du site et propriétaire de 30 ha. Des actions de restauration sont engagées pour Un plan d’eau oligo-mésotrophe à eutrophe* bénéficiant d’une bonne exposition. La pente doit être douce depuis la rive, et rétablir le fonctionnement hydraulique en agissant sur les drains. Les ligneux sont contrôlés pour limiter la fermeture du la présence d’une mosaïque d’hydrophytes et de zones d’eau libre est indispensable. milieu par du débroussaillage. Leucorrhine douteuse Micro-habitat Macro-habitat de la leucorrhine à Micro-habitat de la leucorrhine à gros thorax à la Grande Pile (70) 1 gros thorax à la Grande Pile (70) Macro-habitat Il s’agit de tourbières acides à sphaignes ou encore d'étangs et de marais tourbeux. Micro-habitat Macro-habitat de la leucorrhine Micro-habitat de la leucorrhine 1 douteuse à la Grande Pile (70) douteuse à la Grande Pile (70) A. Ruffoni Emergence de Leucorrhinia pectoralis L. Bettinelli L. Bettinelli La tourbière de la Grande Pile (70) Une zone riveraine d’une profondeur de moins de 50 cm avec des hélophytes* du groupement végétal Caricion lasiocarpae dans les tourbières. Menace 1 L. Bettinelli P. Jacquot Disparition des queues d’étangs. Les gouilles des tourbières ou berges des étangs en pente douce avec 1 Action conservatoire 1 Etang de la Fallourde (Bourgogne) présence de faciès à sphaignes et une végétation aquatique importante. Préservation des queues d’étangs et maintien des mosaïques de zones d’eau libre et de jon- chaies* et cariçaies*. Menace 1 Destruction ou altération des gouilles et des radeaux, atterrissement. 1 Emergence de Leucorrhinia dubia Ryelandt J. Action conservatoire 1 Menace 2 Maintien des conditions hydrologiques de la Comblement des anciennes fosses d’exploita- Zone de reproduction de leucorrhine tourbière ou travaux de restauration par bou- tion de la tourbe. A. Ruffoni douteuse à Frambouhans (25) chage de drains notamment. Action conservatoire 2 Tourbière bombée de Frasne (25) Entretien des anciennes fosses de faible profon- deur et création de nouvelles fosses si néces- saire. L. Bettinelli Menace 2* Empoissonnement des plans d’eau induisant une prédation des larves et la disparition d’une partie de la végétation aquatique dans le cas d’introduction de carpes (disparition des micro-habitats J.-L. Lambert larvaires). Observations de leucorrhines : Autres menaces communes aux quatre leucorrhines Action conservatoire 2 • Leucorrhinia albifrons • Leucorrhinia dubia • Modification des zones riveraines impactant le profil du plan d’eau et les micro-habitats Interdire ou limiter les activités piscicoles sur les sites de reproduction. (Burmeister, 1839) (Vander Linden, 1825) • Drainage des tourbières et des marais LÉGENDE • Leucorrhinia caudalis • Leucorrhinia pectoralis • Variation du niveau d’eau au cours de l’année… (Charpentier, 1840) (Charpentier, 1825) * menace concernant les quatre leucorrhines 2) CLÉ DE DÉTERMINATION DES IMAGOS IDENTIFICATION DES 4 ESPÈCES DE LEUCORRHINES 1) Les leucorrhines appartiennent au sous-ordre des Anisoptères 3) Mâle qui se reconnait grâce à ces deux critères : Groupe 1 A. Ruffoni h 1) Face blanche h Ailes antérieures (1) plus étroites que les postérieures (2) h 2) Cercoïdes blancs 1 h 3) Mâle : abdomen noir avec pulvérulence bleuâtre et femelle : abdomen noir à taches jaunes h Ailes des individus au repos ouvertes. 2 3) Femelle Soit Leucorrhinia caudalis A. Ruffoni h Abdomen très élargi au niveau du 6e et 9e segment Leur famille, Libellulidae, est caractérisée par : J. Ryelandt Mâle Femelle h Yeux en contact en un point h Pulvérulence bleue h Lobes de la segment 2 à 5 lame vulvaire aigus h Cellules discoïdales disposées qui atteignent le h Ptérostigmas blancs dans des sens opposés milieu du 9ème sur le dessus et segment noirs sur le dessous h Absence de sinuosité accentuée J-L. Lambert A. Ruffoni au bord postérieur des yeux Soit Leucorrhinia albifrons P. et M. Guinchard h Abdomen moins large que le thorax Mâle Femelle h Pulvérulence bleue h Lobes segment 3 et 4 de la lame vulvaire arrondis et atteignant h Ptérostigmas noirs le 5ème de la longeur sur le dessus du 9ème segment G.
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