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A Short History of South East Asia

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A Short History of South East Asia 1 A Short History of South East Asia Foreword. ........................................................................................... 3 Chapter 1. Early Movements of PeopIes : Indian Influence:The First States on the Mainland....................................................................... 4 Cambodia (Funan)...................................................................... 4 Malaya...................................................................................... 4 Vietnam. ................................................................................... 4 Burma. ..................................................................................... 4 Thailand and Laos. ..................................................................... 5 Cambodia (Chen-La and Angkor). ................................................. 5 Chapter 2. The "Indianised" Empires of Sumatra and Java. ........................ 6 Chapter 3. The Repercussions of the Mongol Conquest of China. ................. 8 Thailand (Siam). ........................................................................ 8 Cambodia.................................................................................. 8 Laos. ........................................................................................ 8 Vietnam. ................................................................................... 8 Burma. ..................................................................................... 9 Chapter 4. The Coming of Islam. ...........................................................10 Indonesia.................................................................................10 Malaya.....................................................................................10 Indonesia.................................................................................10 The Philippines..........................................................................10 Chapter 5.The Arrival of the Europeans : The Portuguese, the Spaniards, and the Dutch..........................................................................12 The Portuguese. ........................................................................12 Malacca. ..................................................................................12 The Spaniards...........................................................................12 The Philippines..........................................................................12 Macao......................................................................................12 The Dutch and Indonesia............................................................12 Chapter 6. The 17th and 18th Centuries on the Mainland. ...........................14 Vietnam. ..................................................................................14 Cambodia.................................................................................14 Laos. .......................................................................................14 Siam. ......................................................................................14 Burma. ....................................................................................14 Chapter 7. The 19th Century : The British and the Dutch. ..........................15 Burma. ....................................................................................15 The Malay Peninsula. .................................................................15 The Dutch East Indies. ...............................................................15 Singapore. ...............................................................................15 Straits Settlements....................................................................15 The Dutch East Indies (Indonesia). ..............................................16 Hong Kong. ..............................................................................16 Chapter 8. The 19th Century : The French in Indo-China : Siam. ...............18 Vietnam. ..................................................................................18 Cambodia.................................................................................18 Laos. .......................................................................................18 Siam. ......................................................................................18 Chapter 9. The Philippines : Borneo : New Guinea....................................19 2 The Philippines..........................................................................19 Borneo.....................................................................................19 Timor and New Guinea. ..............................................................19 Chapter 10. The Early Years of the 20th Century : Movements for Independence. ..............................................................................................21 French Indo-China.....................................................................21 Dutch East Indies. .....................................................................22 Burma. ....................................................................................22 Malaya.....................................................................................22 The Philippines..........................................................................22 Siam. ......................................................................................22 Chapter 11. The Second World War : The Conquest and Loss of South East Asia................................................................................23 Chapter 12. Independence and After : The Philippines. .............................25 Chapter 13. Independence and After : Burma..........................................27 Chapter 14. Independence and After : Malaysia and Singapore ..................28 Malaysia ..................................................................................28 Singapore. ...............................................................................29 Chapter 15. Independence and After : Indonesia. ....................................30 Chapter 16. Independence and After : Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos. ..............32 Vietnam. ..................................................................................32 Cambodia.................................................................................33 Laos. .......................................................................................33 Chapter 17.Remnants of the Colonial Empires. ........................................35 Hong Kong. ..............................................................................35 Macao and Eastern Timor. ..........................................................35 Papua / New Guinea. .................................................................35 Brunei. ....................................................................................35 Chapter 18.Thailand Since the Second World War. ...................................36 Indonesia.................................................................................38 Thailand...................................................................................38 The Philippines..........................................................................39 Burma. ....................................................................................39 Malaysia. .................................................................................39 Singapore. ...............................................................................40 Hong Kong ...............................................................................40 Papua New Guinea. ...................................................................40 Brunei. ....................................................................................41 Macao......................................................................................41 Eastern Timor. ..........................................................................41 Vietnam. ..................................................................................41 Khmer Republic (Cambodia)........................................................41 Laos. .......................................................................................42 Map: South East Asia to the 14th Century ..........................................43 Map: The Mainland (15th to 18th Centuries) ........................................44 Map: South East Asia in 1900..........................................................45 Map: South East Asia in 1970 ..........................................................46 3 Foreword. South East Asia is taken in this history to include the countries of the Asian mainland south of China, from Burma in the west to Vietnam in the east and the islands from Sumatra in the west to the Philippines and New Guinea in the east. It does not include Taiwan (Formosa), whose history seems to be more naturally part of that of China. But it does include Hong Kong and Macao, the British and Portuguese possessions on the south China coast, as their history is bound up with that of South East Asia rather than with that of China. With so many different countries being covered, the history of any one country is necessarily fragmented. The following index makes it possible to read the history of each, if so desired, more or less consecutively. 4 Chapter 1. Early Movements of PeopIes : Indian Influence : The First States on the Mainland. The peoples of maritime
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