World Bank Document

, _ E~~~~~~S"/?91 / 2 3 Ene f Seient P Public Disclosure Authorized Flia @]~~~- 1 ,1 0 Public Disclosure Authorized Elements of Household E RnergyStrategy Report Nio. 123/90 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized 4' ) ENERGYSECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM PURPOSE TheWorid Bank/UNDP/Bilateral Aid EnergySector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP) was launched in 1983 to complemnentthe EnergyAssessment Program which had beenestablished three years earlier. The Assessment Programwas designedto Identifythe most seriousenergy problems facing some 70 developingcountries and to propose remedialaction. ESMAPwas conceived,In part, as a preinvestnientfacility to help implement recommendationsmade during the courseof assessment.Today ESMAPis carryingout preinvestmentand prefeasibilityactivities in about60 countriesand is providinga wiis rangeof institutionaland policyadvice. The programplays a significantrole in the overallintemational effort to providetechnical assistance to the energysector of developingcountries. It attemptsto strengthenthe impactof bilateraland muilateralresources and private sector investmentThe findings and recommendations emerging from ESMAP country activities provide governments, donors, andpotential investors with the informationneeded to identifyeconomically and environmentally sound energy projects andto acceleratetheir preparationand implementation.ESMAP's policy and research work analyzing cross-country trendsand issuesIn specificenergy subsectors make an imporantcontribution in highlightingcritical problems and suggestingsolutions. ESMAP'soperational activities are managedby threeunits within the EnergyStrategy Management and Assessment Divisionof the Industryand EnergyDepartment at the WorldBank. - The EneravEfficienc and S beavUnt engagesin energyassessments addressing institutional, financial,and policy issues, design of sectorstrategies, the strengthening of energysector enterprises and sector management,the definingof Investmentprograms, efficiency improvements in energy supply,and energyuse, training and research. - The Householdand Renwable n Un addressestechnical, economic, financial, institutional andpolicy issues in the areasof energyuse by urbanand rural households and small industries, and includestradMitonal and modem fuel supplies,prefeasibility studies, pilot activities,technology assessments,seminars and workshops, and polcy and researchwork. - The NaturalGas DeveROt Unitaddresses gas issuesand promotesthe developmentand use of naturalgas in developingcountriesthrough preinvestmentwork, formulating natural gas development andrelated environmental strategies, and research. EUNDING The ESMAPProgram is a majorinternational effort supported by the WorddBank, the UnitedNations DevelopmentProgramme, and Bilateral Aid from a numberof countriesinciuding Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland,France, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands,New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland, the UnitedKingdom, and the Unied States. FURTHERINFORMATION Forfurther information or copiesof the completed ESMAP reports listed at the end of this document, contact: EnergyStrategy Management OR Divisionfor Globaland Interregional andAssessmernt Diision Programmes Industry&d EnergyDepartment UnitedNations Development Programme TheWorld Bank OneUnited Nations Plaza 1818H StreetN.W. NewYork, NY 10017 Washington,D.C. USA 20433 USA KAURITANIA ELEMENTSOF A IOUSEBOLDSElGC STRATICY JULY 1990 HouseholdEnergy Unit Industryand EnergyDepartment The World Bank Washington,D.C., U.S.A. This documenthas a restricteddistribution. Its contentsmay not be disclosedwithout authorization from the Government,the World BSank,or the UNDP. FOREWORD This report summarizesthe results and conclusionsof the Household Energy Strategy Study carried out within the World Bank/UNDP/BilateralAid programin the IslamicRepublic of Mauritania.I/ Participationof personnelof the EnergyDirectorate (Ministry of Hydraulics and Energy; and the Protection of Nature Directorate (Ministryof Rural Development)was particularlyimportant during data collectionand analysisas well as energydemand forecast. 1/ Membersof the team were: Robertvan der Plas (ProjectCoordinator); G6rard Radon (Survey Specialist);Piet Visser (Stove Specialist); Eric Ferguson(Knergy Specialist); Pedro Pinhero(Petroleum Products Specialist);Michel Matly (Energy Economist);Cheikh Sead-Bouh Kamara (Sociologist). ABBREVTONS BTFA Base TechniqueFoyers Am6lior6s DE Directionde l'Energie DPI Directionde la Protectionde la Nature ESNAP Joint WorldBank/UNDP/Bilateral Aid EnergySector Management Assistance Program Rebb Habitatespontan&; bidonville MDR Minist6redu DeveloppementRural MEPP SocieteMauritanienne d'Entreposage des ProduitsPetroliers MF Minist4rede Finances MiE Minist&rede l'Hydrauliqueet de lI'Energie PIP Programmed'Investissement Prioritaire P1EV Programmede RedressementEconomique et Financier UNDP UnitedNations Development programme UNIFEM UnitedNations Women's Organization UNSO UnitedNations Sudano-Sahelian Office SNCPP Societ6Mauritanienne de Commercialisationdes Produits P6troliers SON&GAZ Soci6t&Mauritanienne de Gaz, S0O1IR SocieteMauritanienne de l'Industriede Raffinage SONELEC SocieteNationale d'Eau et d'Electricite STPN Societedes TransportsPubliques Nationaux GJ 1000 MJ kgOE kg of Oil Equivalent(il/1000 TOE) xJ I millionJ; I kWh - 3.6NJ MT Metrictonne; equivalent to 1000 kg TOE Tonne of Oil Equivalent(42 GJ) CURRENCYRATE US $1 - UM 74 (August1988) TABLEOF CONTENTS Page EXECUTIVE SUMMARY I.* INTRODUCTrION....... 0ee*.... ................... .. .................. 1 Mauritania: Economic and DemographicBackground........ 1 The Household Energy Sector..............................4 Special Role of Nouakchott............................ 9 The Nature of the Problem: Urban Demand, Rural Supply, and Large Distances........................... 9 Existing Institutionsand Policies...................... 10 Institutions....................... ** ...... * ............* 10 Policies, Programs and Results........................ 11 Objectives of the HouseholdEnergy Strategy............. 12 II. URBAN HOUSEHOLD FUELSAND ISSUES.......................... 13 Introductionooo,*.,oo***.,**....... Xoo 13 Overall Structureof HouseholdFuel Use................. 14 Fuel Mxs..............................14 Fuel QuantitiesUsed For Cooking...................... 16 Household Expendituresand Cooking Fuels................ 17 Evaluationof HouseholdEnergy Sources.................. 20 Wood .......................................................20 :-barcoal..................................................... 24 LPG****¢**+*s¢**X**@@*v*e**s..................................................,.....30 Kaoee......................... *........ ....................... 33 Electricity.... .............................................. ....35 Other Biomass Sources ................................................. 35 III. PROPOSEDURBAN HOUSEHOLD ENERGY STRATEGY ....................................... 37 The ............ ............ ............ 37 Quantificationof Objectives.... ................... .. ...............40 Elements of the Strategy....... ...................... .... .........40 LPG.... ............ .......... ............ ..... ... ....... 40 Kerosene........................... ,......................42 Improved Charcoal Stoves ............................. .. ............ 42 Charcoaland FirewoodCycle Study ..................................... 43 Other Components............................................. 44 ExpectedResults, Costs and Benefits................................... 45 1.1 Use of HouseholdCooking Fuels and Population Per Region, 1988.... ..... ................. ............... ............ 6 1.2 1988 HouseholdFuel Consumption.............................................. 7 1.3 1988 Primary Energy Balance........ ...... ................... ..............7 2.1 AverageDaily Quantitiesof Fuel Consumedfor Selected Domestic ffid-Uses .............................. .. ............ 14 2.2 Mix of Primary and SecondaryFue! Use........................ 15 2.3 Expendituresfor the DifferentCooking Options............... 19 2.4 Economic Cost of Wood Production for Clear-Cutting One Hectare............................................. ... 23 2.5 Economic Costs of Charcoal Production........................ 28 2.6 LPG: Ex-BottlingPlant Costs and Retail Price Structure...... 31 2.7 Kerosene:Ex-Depot Costs and Retail Price Structure.......... 34 3.1 1998 Populationand Fuel ConsumptionProjections - baseline....................... ..................................... 37 3.2 1998 Population and Fuel ConsumptionProjections - interactivescenaro............................................. 38 3.3 Relative Woodfuel Savings and AdditionnalLPG Consumption.... 38 3.4 Total Project Costs in Constant '88 US$...................... 46 3.5 Cost and Benefit Streams of the Project...................... 47 2. EnergyConsumption Projections Nouakchott.................... 71 3. Improved ......................... ......... 000....... 76 4* ..... ............................................... 870000000087 5. Charcoal and Fuelwood Cycle...................... *...... 94 6. Keroseneas Domestic Fuel0...0.................... 98 DIIAGRAMS 1. l188 Household Energy Use in Urban and Rural Areas a.....s.. 6 2a. 1988 Household Energy Consumption,in MT................... 8 2b. 1988 Household Energy Consumption,in '000 TOE............. 8 2.1 Daily per Person Charcoal Consumption.u0*.....ion...*...... 17 2.2 BreakdownCharcoal

Load more