E-290 VOL.2 PEOPLE'SREPUBLIC OF GUANGXIZHUANG AUTONOMOUS REGION HIGHWAY PROJECT SHUIRENODUANDNANNINGHIGHWAY Public Disclosure Authorized

STATEMENTOF ENVIRONMENTALIMPACT ASSESSMENT

(Final Draft) Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Xi" an HighwayUniversity September,1999 Public Disclosure Authorized

AssessmentMaker: XianHighway University LegalPerson of the University: ChenYinsan ChiefEngineer: ZhangYufen Managerof AssessmentPanel: Liu Shan

Divisionof the Panel: Components Name Title Postnumber Socio-economcs DongXiaolin AssociateProf. Shan-02820 Ecosystem Cao Shencun AssociateProf. Shan-02842 WaterEnvironment ZhaoJianqiang AssociateProf. No. 95203 Acoustics ZhangYufen Prof. No. 95202 AmbientAir Liu Shan Lecturer Qin-044 VisualResources Zhu Wei Lecturer Water& Soil ConservationYuan Weinig Lecturer Shan-02818 StatementCompiler Liu Shan Lecturer Shan-044

Otherparticipants: Chen Aixia HuangAiqin Hu Jianrong ZhangShesheng ZhaoAiqi ShangLian Cooperators: Communication Planning, Survey and Design Institute HechiPrefecture Environmental Protection Station

PREFACE

Shuiren-Duan-NanningHighway (called Shui-Nan Highway) is the main section of Chongqing- Zhanjing National Artery Highway,serving as an easy access to the seaports. It is one of the three main sections of "The National Artery Highway Configuration Planning"approved by the state council. The total length of the proposed highway is 237.588km, including 140.733kmof expressway, 97.182km of class-two highway. The total estimated cost is 4,117,000,000 RMB yuan with inclusion of 1,660,000,000RMB yuan of the WorldBank Loan. In recent years, the regional economy in the study section grows rapidly and commodities in inland provinces of Southwest are put into the world markets more and more through seaports. In addition,the poorer regions in the northwest of Guangxi need to get rid of poverty and become rich. However,the existing Shui-Nan Highway is operating well below an acceptable level of service for the above mentioned purposes. Therefore, a new high class highway is urgently needed. Wuming, Mashan, Duan and other counties require that the proposed highway pass through their territories to bring the advantages of the fast efficient and comfortable high class highway into full play. The projected highway will also promote the regionaleconomy to overcomepoverty and get better off. In July 1993, Xian Highway University, entrusted by Guangxi Communication Division (GCD) compiled the EIA of the project. In August and September 1996, the EIA panel made the first field reconnaissance and survey and collected the data concemed, based on which the outline of EIA was compiled. In June 1997, the assessment center of the State EnvironmentalProtection Administration (SEPA) evaluated the outline from technology perspective. Afterwards, a reply on the review of the outline from the SEPA was received.In September 1998, the IdentificationMission of the World Bank offered technical guidance about the outline of EIA. In the same month, the panel made the second survey and investigation. Late November, 1998, the panel of assessment,based on the commentsof the specialists of the Bank, introducedthe outline of the EIS to the public along the study area, pointing out the major potential impacts of the construction on the environment,and also had the hearings of the public, and based on it the panel worked out the EIA. Early December, 1998, the EnvironmentalProtection Agency of the MOC held a prereview meeting on the EIA in . In the end of December, 1998, the panel made an introduction to the EIA to the public in the areas affected by the proposed project. As a result, the public concerned was informedof the mitigative measures as well as the potential impacts resulting fiom the projected highway. After collected the opinions from the masses again, and based on the co,mmentsof the specialists of the prereview meeting and the new edition of the "Project Feasibility Study Report of the HechiFJ(Shuiren)ODuanONanningHighway" of Dec. 1998, the panel of EIA completed the Statement of EIA (Edition for Review & Approval)in January, 1999 to submit to the State Environmental Protection Bureau and the World Bank for examination. In March and August, 1999, We have received some good recommendations in contents from The World Bank EP experts before our new revision. We have had generous help from various departments or local govemments for which we express our genuine thanks.

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slualuoo 3.4.3 Current Situation of Ambient Air...... (47)

4 ENVIRONMENTALIMPACT PREDICTION .... (40) 4.1 Social and Economic EnvironmentalImpact Analysis . . (40) 4.1.1 Project ImpactAnalysis on Minorities...... (40) 4.1.2 Project Analysis on Social and Economic Benefits...... (40) 4.1.3 Project Economic Assessment...... (41) 4.1.4 Analysis on Social Environment Impact from the Project...... (42) 4.1.5 Sunmmary...... (47) 4.2 Predictionand Assessment of Ecological EnvironmentImpact ...... (47) 4.2.1 Prediction and Assessment of Soil and Crops Quality Impact ...... (47) 4.2.2 Soil Erosion PredictionAssessment ...... (49) 4.2.3 Analysis of Impact of Borrow on Environment ...... (51) 4.2.4 Impact on wild Animals and Plants...... (53) 4.2.5 Impact on Ecosystem ...... (54) 4.2.6 Impact of Poor Geology on the Project ...... (54) 4.2.7 Sumrnmary ...... (55) 4.3 Prediction Assessment of Impact on Water Environmgnt ...... (55) 4.3.1 Pollution Prediction of Surface Runoff ...... (56) 4.3.2 Impact Analysis of Sewage from Service Center ...... (58) 4.3.3 Analysis of Water Pollution during Construction Phase ...... (58) 4.3.4 Risk Analysis of Hazardous Material Spill ...... (60) 4.3.5 Conclusions and Suggestions ...... (60) 4A Impact Prediction and Assessment of Traffic Noise ...... (61) 4.4.1 Prediction Calculation of Traffic Noise ...... (61) 4.4.2 Prediction of Traffic Noise ...... (62) 4.4.3 Assessment of Impact of TrafficNoise ...... (63) 4.4.4 Impact & Mitigative Measures of Construction Noise ...... (67) 4.4.5 Vibration Impact Analysis of Construction ...... (67) 4.4.6 Sumn ary...... (68) 4.5 Prediction and Assessment of Impact on Ambient Air...... (68) 4.5.1 Operation Phase ...... (68) 4.5.2 Quality Assessment of Ambient Air at the Sensitive Locations ... (71) 4.5.3 Environmental Impact Analysis of Construction Dust ...... (73) 4.5.4 Surnmary ...... (73) 4.6 Engineering Analysis and Aesthetics...... (73) 4.6.1 Engineering Analysis ...... (73) 4.6.2 Aesthetics Analysis and Suggestions ...... (74) 4.7 EnvironmentalAnalysis of Impact of Connecting Lines ...... (84) 4.7.1 Impact of Construction of Connecting Lines...... (84) 4.7.2 Impact of Crossings on Environment...... (86)

5 MEASURESFOR ENRIRONMENTAL PROTECTION . .... (87) 5.1 Measures for Design Phase...... (87) 5.2 Measures of EP for ConstructionPhase ...... (90) 5.3 Protective Measures of Environmentduring Operation Phase...... (99) 5.4 Suggestions...... (100) 5.5 Preventive SchemesAgainst Soil Erosion...... (100)

6 ALTERNATEVES...... (105) 6.1 Comparison Between Constructionand Non-contruction...... (105) 6.2 Alignment of Alternatives...... (105) 6.3 Comparison of Schemes...... (108) 6.4 Conclusion...... (108) 6.5 Further Route Optimizing...... (109)

7 ENVIRONMENTALBENEFIT/COST ANALYSIS ...... (110) 7.1 Estimated Cost on EnvironmentalProtection ...... (110) 7.2 Environmental Benefit/CostAnalysis ...... (111)

8 ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENTAND MONITORING PLAN ...... (113) 8.1 Plan for Environmental Management...... (113) 8.2 Environmental Monitoring Plan...... (118) 8.3 Environmental Training ...... (119)

9 ANALYSISOF PUBLICINVOLVEMENT ...... (122) 9.1 Scope and Ways of Public Involvement...... (122) 9.2 Publicizing and Involvement...... (122) 9.3 Opinions of the Public...... (123) 9.4 Solutions to the Problems in Public Involvement...... (123)

10 CONCLUSION ...... (125) 10.1 Assessment Results of Existing Environment...... (125) 10.2 Prediction Analysis Conclusion of Impact on Environment...... (125)

References Attached Chart 1: Villages in the Study Section of Shuiren-Nanning...... (1) Attached Chart 2: Quarries of Road building Materials for the Project...... (3) Attached Chart 3: AverageWind Velocity of Various Directions...... (4) Attached Chart 4: Results of Atmosphere Monitoringof Shuiren-Nanning Highway(5) Attached Chart 5: MeteorologicalData Monitored... (8) Attached Chart 6: Prediction of Environmental Noise of Villages and Excess level(12) Attached Chart 7: Concentrations of Pollutants at SensitiveLocations in the Study Area...... (16) Attached Chart 8: Spot List for the Cutting of Lime Stone Mountains...... (20)

Annex 1: A Certificate of Entrustment on the EIA of the Project...... (22) Annex 2: A Reply Letter on the Outline of the EIA by the SEPA ...... (24) Annex 3: Review Remarks on the EIA Outline by Assessment Center under SEPA ...... (27) Annex 4: A Letter on Assessment Standards from GEPB...... (29) Annex 5: A Circular on Examination & Approval of the Project by the State Planning Committee...... (31) Annex 6: RegulationsApplied to Division & Protectionof Cheng River Reserves...... (3.4) Annex 7: A Letter on EnvironmentalIssues of Duan Section...... (38) Annex 8: A Summary of Forum of Investigationon Environmental Impacts...... (39) Annex 9: Remarks and Opinions of the People's Governmentsin the Study ...... (41) Annex 10: Remarks and Opinions of the People's Congress in the Study...... (43) Annex 11: Remarks and Opinions of the Cultural.Relic Agency...... (45') Annex 12:A Questionaire Form of Public Involvement...... (46) Annex 13: Public Spread on Newspaper...... (54)

Attached Map: Route Alignment of Shuiren-NanningHighway and Locations of EnvironmentalMonitoring Sites...... (55) ABBREVIATIONS EIA: environmental impact assessment EMP: environmentalmonitoring plan EP: environmental protection ETOR: Outline of EIA of Shuiren-NanningHighway EPO: EnvironmentalProtection Office GEAB: Guangxi Regional ExpresswayAdministrative Bureau GEPB: Guangxi EnvironmentalProtection Bureau SEPA: State EnvironmentalProtection Administration GCD: Guangxi CommunicationsDepartment GCPDI: Guangxi CommunicationsPlanning, Survey and Design Institute MOC: Ministry of Communications PMO: Project Managementoffice of Guangxi Highway ProjectFinanced by the WorldBank GAI: Guangxi ArchaeologicalInstitute GALR: Guangxi Communicationof Land Acquisition and Resettlement GCICAB: Guangxi CommunicationsInfrastructure Construction Administration Bureau GCRD: Guangxi CulturalRelics Division EMS: EnvironmentalMonitoring Station WB: The World Bank

CHAPTER1 GENERALDESCRIPTION

1.1 Declaration and PreliminaryWork Shuiren3Nanning Highway is one of the three major sections of ChongqingiJZhanjiangArtery Highway in the National Highway Configuration Planning approved by the State Council. The Prefeasibility Study Report was compiled by the Guangxi Communication Planning & Design Institute (GCPDI) in June 1996. n December 1996, the GCPDI and BCHBC compiled the Project Feasibility Study Report.ln December, 1998, the Project Feasibility Study Repoit "was recompiled to comply with the "New Specifications for Highway Construction Projects" issued by MOC and Document No 1368 1998 issued by SPC. In August and September 1996, the EIA panel made the first field reconnaissance and survey,based on which the EIA outline was compiled. In June 1997, the SEPA gave a reply on the review of the outline. In July 1997, Guangxi EnvironmnentalProtection Bureau identified the standards for the project. In September & November, 1998, the IdentificationCommission of The World Bank offered technical guidance about the outline twice, and accordingly, the panel made an extensive propagandaabout the outline of the EIA and the EIA itself among the masses in the sensitive areas for two times. The panel also introduced the potential impacts and mitigation measures to the masses concemed,and conducted survey of public involvement. In March, 1999, The WB EP expert showed some recommendationsfor the first draft. After their discusion with the El team, the new draft was achieved in May, 1999. In August, 1999, the project was pre-estimated by WB and the environmental measures for the large excavation sections have been made in helping of WB EP and Eng. Experts. After those, the final draft is achievedin September, 1999.

1.2 Purpose of Assessment Through the survey and investigation of existing situation of the physical environment, ecosystem and social surroundings,the potential impacts of the projected highway will be analyzed quantitatively and qualitativelyfor the purpose of the following aspects. (1) Predictingand proving the impact scale and extent to provide basis for selectingthe alignment; (2) Providing viable protective measures and suggestions for design, construction and operation management; to mitigate the impact resulted from the development; (3) Providing scientific bases for the zonal developmentand environmental management.

1.3 Policy and Regulations The EIA was compiled based on the following laws and regulations or documents conceming the projected Shui[Nan Highway

Note: * The EIATeam is composed of 12 personel,including 7 associate professors and lecturers,with their environmentalassessment certificatesby SEPA, in charge of compilingthe topics on environmental impactassessment.

(1) EnvironmentalProtection Law of PRC, Dec. 26, 1989; Management Regulations for Environmental Protectionsof Construction Project, No.253 by the State Department of PRC, Nov.1998; (2) Measures for EnVironmentalProtection of Construction Projjectsby the NEPB, No.(86) 003, 1986; (3) Measures for environmental Protection of Transport Construction Projects by the MOC, No.(90) 17; (4) Circular of Strengthening of the Environmental Impact Assessment of Management of the Projects Funded by the InternationalFinancial Loan by the NEPB, the NPC, MOF etc. No.(1993) 324; (5) Air Pollution Prevention Law of PRC; (6) EnvironmentalNoise Pollution PreventionLaw of PRC, Sep.1, 1989; (7) Water Pollution Prevention Law of PRC, May, 1996; (8) Cultural Relics Portection Law of PRC, Nov.19, 1982; (9) Technical Guidelines for EIA HJ/T 2.1 2.3-93; (10) Related regulations and specificationof environmentalprotection management and monitoring. (II) The world bank operational manual OP/BP/GP4.01: EnvironmentalAssessment, Jan. 1991; The world bank operational manual OD4.20: Indigenous Peoples, September1991. (12) Certificate of Entrustment of the EIA, July 1993. See Annex 1; (13) Reply of Review of the Outlineby the NEPA,No. (1997) 158, June 1996. See Annex 2; Conmnentson Evaluation of the EIA by the National EIA Center, No. (1997)052, June 1996; (14) Letter on EIA Classification Standardsby GEPB, No.(1997) 28, July 1997. See Annex 4; (15) Application for Approval of the Highway Construction Proposal by the National Development Commission, No. (1998) 1368, July 1998. See Annex 5; (16) The outline of the ELAof the highway(E1OR), July 1997; (17) The Project Feasibility Study Report of the (Shuiren)ODuanONanningHighway by GCPDI, December 1998; Primary Design of Hechi(Shuiren)-NanningHighway, August,1999; (18) The Regulations for Protectionand Division of Drinking Water Sources of Chengjiang River by Duan County, No.(1995) 64, July 1995. See Annex 6;

1.4 Scope and Standardsof Assessment 1.4.1 Scope of Assessment Based on the terms of the EIA outline and the reply of the GEPB, the scope of assessment identified is listed in Table 1-1. Table 1-1 Assessment Scope of E vironmentImpact of Shui-NanHighway contents sections scope remarks Social wholesection within 200m on either side, with surroundings certainextension in sensitiveareas ecosystem wholesection within 200 rn on either side, with with inclusion of natural certainextension in sensitiveareas ecology, soil conservation and agriculturalecology surfacewater wholesection Within1000m downstreamof bridge, with mnajorrivers., reservoirs with extension5000m at locationsof or areasfor aquaticfarming drinkingwater _ ambientnoise wholesection within200m on eitherside

2 ambient wholesection within200m on eitherside environment

aesthetics & Section of Yilingyan within 500m on either side, with tourism section of certain extension at section of DuanflMashan Yiiingyan ]cuturalrelics alongthe route within I OOmof the road; expandingat somespecial spots

1.4.2 Standardsof Assessment Based on the outline of EIA and review reply of GEPB, the standards for the EIA are as follows: (1) For environmental impact assessment of acoustics, Environmental Noise Standards in Urban Areas GB 3096-93 is adopted. For schools and hospitals class-one of the standards is adopted; for villages and residential areas class-four of the standardsis adopted. Refer to Table 1-2. Table1-2 NoiseStandards at UrbanAreas(GB3096-93) Equivalentnoise level: Leq:dB(A) class daytime night applyto 0 50 40 verysensitive areas l 55 45 residentialand educational areas 2 60 50 residential,shopping and industrialmixed areas 3 65 55 industrialareas 4 70 55 areason bothsides of artery lines (2) For the EIA of ambient air, class-two standards in GB 3095 1996are adopted. See Table 1-3 for the standards. For emission of atmospheric pollutants,class-two standards are adopted (GB 16290- 1996);

Table1-3 Assessment Standardsof Ambient Air Quality Unit:mg/Nm3 pollutants timeof exampling concentrationlimit remark 1 2 3 . CO dailyaverage 4.00 4.00 6.00 Class-twoin GB3095-1996 hourlyaverage 10.00 10.00 20.00 NOx dailyaverage 0.10 0.10 0.15 hourlyaverage 0.15 0.15 0.30 TSP dailyaverage 0.12 0.30 0.50 Note:Class-one applies to naturalpreservatives, resorts and some other areas specially needed. Class-twoapplies to residentialareas, shopping and traffic mixed areas, cultural, industrial and rural areas. Class-threeapplies to somespecial industrial zones. (3) For water environment, class-three standards are adopted in Surface Water Quality Standards GB -3838-88. See Table 14. For emission of domestic sewage, Water Quality Standards of Farm Irrigation GB5084- 92 and class-one standards in Sewage Emission Standards GB 8978-1996 are adopted. See Table 1-5 and Table 1-6. Table1-4 QualityStandards of SurfaceWater(GB3838-88)

3 class 2 i 0 5 0

item ______

pH ______6.5 8.5 62j9 CODC 15 1 65 15 20 25 oilss 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 1.0 Pbs 0.01 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.1 Notes: Unit: mg/I with exception of PH. Class-one applies to water sources and natural reserves; Class-two applies to key central drinking water sources and rare species of fish protection areas and spawning beds; Class-three applies to ordinary central drinking water sourcesand swimming areas; Class-four applies to water sources of industrial areas and other sources; Class-five applies to irrigation and scenic waters. Table 1-5 Quality Standards of IrrigationWater sort paddy land dry farmland vegetable land

BOD55 80 150 80 CODCrs 200 300 151 SSs 150 200 10( oils 5.0 10 1.0 PH 5.538.5 total leadT 0.1 Notes: Unit is mg/I with exception of PH.

Table 1-6 General Discharge Standards of Sewage (GB897-19) _1996 pollutants apply to class-one class-two class-three item standards standards standards PH all dischargers 609 609 609 SS other dischargers 70 150 400 BODs other dischargers 20 30 300 CODC, other dischargers 100 150 500 oil all dischargers 5 10 20 total lead all dischargers 1.0 Notes: Unit: mg/I with exception of PH. Class -I applies to sewage emission standards GB 3838-88 III; Class -2 applies to sewage emission standards GB 3838-88 IV; Class -3 applies to the drainage system with classOtwvowater treatment device.

(4) Class-twostandards in Soil EnvironmentalQuality Standards GB 16518-11995and Pb LimitSanitation Standards in FoodGB14935-94 are adopted.See Tables 1-7 and 1-8. Table 1-7 Quality Standards of Soil(GB15618-1995) Unit:mg/kg \c one |two three item 1 PH

4 Lnatural background $ 06.5 6.577.5 |0 7.5 |06.5

Pb 35 250 300 350 500 Notes:Class- I appliesto natural reservesand central drinking water sources; Class-2 appliesto farmlandvegetable fields, orchards and pastures. Class-3 appliesto forestryfields and farmlandnear mines. Table 1-8 Sanitation Standards of Lead in Food(GB14935-94) Unit:mg/kg products grains vegetables item Pbs 0.4 0.2

1.5 Contents,Class andObjective of Assessment 1.5.1Contents of Assessment The impact matrix of the project is coming of the proposed highway engineering and local environmentalfeatures, listed in Table 1-9. Constructionphase: machinery noise, constructiondust and vibration,domestic sewage and garbage, soil erosion, farming irrigation, vegetation, water conservancy facilities, safety, resettlement and landscape.

5 Table 1-9

6 Operation phase: vehicular exhaust gases, traffic noise, runoff,traffic safety and highway scenery. Based on the engineering features, the environmental and social conditions, the following is identifiedas the contents of assessment: (I) Impact analysis of social surroundings; (2) Impact assessment:of ecological environment; (3) Impact assessment of environmental noise; (4) Impact assessment of water enviromnent; (5)lmpact assessment of ambient air; (6) Impact analysis of roadside landscape and tourism. Among those, impact analysis of social surroundings, impact assessment of biological environment and impact assessment ofenvironmentalnoise will be focused on.

1.5.2Class of Assessment The total length of the alignment is 237.915km. Originating at Shuiren, it is destined at Nanning. The alignment goes close to the edge of Yungui Plateau, through the center of Guangxi Basin, mountainous areas, hills and other topographical features. There villages and towns are with dense population. Considering the important role the areas play and the complex geological conditions, the class of assessment has been identified as CategoryA*.

1.5.3 Main Sensitive Spots of Environmental Impact (the main route) The analysis on the sensitive contents can ensure the environnmentalprotection targets as the following:

-Soil vegetation, soil and water conservation,land resources of Duari- Mashan Section; -Noise pollution to schools, hospitalsand residential areas; -Waterenvironment of rivers and reservoirs,Chengjiang River in particular; -Sceneryresources. The major environmental locations are displayed in Tables 1-10, 1-11, 1-12. Other villages are shown in Annex 1. There are 17 schools, I clinic, 100 villages (about 7,400 household with 36,000 people), 6 rivers and 3 reservoirs in the study scope along ShuiONan.

Note: * By the WB OP4.01Environmental Assessment Operational PFolicies", Category A means the proposed projectscausing possibly some singificantadverse environmentalimpact.

Table 1-10 Envir nmentally Sensitive Locations (Primary Schools and Hospitals) No. station names distance teachers features from road & centre(m) students 1 K99+650 Gonghua 25 158 simple adobe classroom building, barrier between the school and road. 2 K135+90 Banwang 100 130

0 1_ _ _ _ _ 3 K146+50 Keli 80 109 the school 1Ombeyong the road O 4 K150+70 Keyang 30 132

7 5 K159+30 Lintang 25 228 a two-storey teaching building, 5m higher the 0_o ______road 6 K165+10 Daxing 25 653 a three-storey teaching building, 7m lower the O _ road 7 K165+12 Duan 25 70 beds a simple one-storey house with 15 rooms 0 Hospital demolished 8 K168+40 Weizou 20 150 school as one-storey houses, land taking 0 _ impacts removement. 9 K170+80 Beishe 30 a simple one-storey house

10 K174+30 Jiangcheng 50 320 } 0 11 K176+95 Kangcai 210 260 0 12 K187+05 Bali 210 210 0 _ _ 13 K202+55 Gucai 210 a simple one-storey classroom building 0 14 K210+38 Linjiang 40 150 two-floor building 0O______I 15 K216+00 Lejy 240 350 hills in between

16 K227+50 Naliang 320 60

17 K263+20 Qixu 80 280 a simple one-storey classroom building 0 18 K317+90 Yongning 230 235 3-storey building by NanningOWuming Class 0 two Highway, where a great interchange stands. ______10m from its ramp to the school.

Table 1-11 Environmentally Sensitive Locations (Major Villages) district order station villagesor distancefrom Population typesof sensitivelocation units road centreOi(m) household Hechi I K96+750 Pingcun 150 420 / 90 acousticenvironment, Town .. ______ambienta ir 2 (K99+650 Gonghua 25 710/ 164 acousticenvironment, .______ambientair Wuxu 3 K110+350 Hualong 30 265 143 acousticenvironment, Township _ ambientair, landD Xiaao 4 K135+870 Dabanwang 35 282/67 acousticenvironment Township ambientair

5 K140+460 Guanglong 60 1543/ 350 acousticenvironment, ambientair 6 K147+200 Yangjiadian through 2801 56 acousticenvironment, ambientair 7 K147+650 Liziao through 468/99 acousticenvironment, ambientair. landO

Table 1-11 Cuntinued district order station villagesor distancefrom Population typesof sensitivelocation units road centrefo(m) | ______| household __ _ 8 K150+700 Keyang 25 152 1 36 acousticenvironment, 9 K151+450 Pucun through 382 / 73 acoustic environment, ambientair Daxing 10 K159+300 Nenghuadun 25 141 / 31 acoustic environment,land:: 11 K160+100 Lantang 25 268 / 54 acoustic environment, ambient air 12 K164+700 Jiutun 25 1028 / 243 acoustic environment,

ambient air, landJ

13 K166+000 Xiata 25 130129 acousticenvironmentland2 14 K167+250 Lashui 50 133 /30 acousticenvironment,land2 15 K168+400 Weizou 25 550/112 acoustic environment, . ambient air, landD

16 K169+300 Banyiao 60 219 /40 acoustic environment,landD 17 K170+600 Jiangpuo 40 208 55 acousticenvironment, 18 K171+800 Baluo 25 120 25 acousticenvironment, Gaoling 19 K173+650 Duicheng 25 185/54 acoustic environment, Town ambient air 20 K176+200 Bancai through 450 / 93 acoustic environment,

ambient air 21 K179+300 Bayang 25 310 / 60 acoustic environment . ambient air. landO 22 K182+100 Yazhuang 40 582 1153 acousticenvironment, 23 K185+300 Xialu 50 210 / 41 acousticenvironment 24 K185+700 Bama 25 610 1 150 acoustic environment,

. ambient air, communicationD 25 K186+750 Bali through 495/98 acoustic environment, ambient air Chengjin 26 K194+400 Beicai 25 343 /70 acousticenvironment, g Township ambientair Disu 27 K199+300 Dongpan 25 350 / 85 acousticenvironment, Township -ambient air

28 K206+750 Banqin 40 276 158 acoustic environment Oianli 29 K209+550 LinjiangCun 25 450 / 63 acousticenvironment, Township ______._____ ambient air, landD Hequn 30 K211+500 Badu 50 567/111 acousticenvironment 31 K211+500 Duili 25 267 / 53 acoustic environment

_ ambient air

Table1-11 Cuntinued district order station villages or distance from Population types of sensibve location units road centreO0 (m) I household Qiaoli 32 K213+000 Baxing 25 387 / 97 acoustic environment Township ambient air, landO

33 K215+000 Dongren 25 480 / 84 acoustic environment, ambient air

9 34 (K216+000 Lexu 30 222 /42 acoustic environment, ______ambient air, land2 Qiaoli 35 K218+000 Liuzai 70 315 / 58 acoustic environmerit,landO Township_ 36 K218+750 Jiangna 80 394 / 62 acoustic environment,land: 37 K223+400 Baima 50 450 / 96 acoustic environment,land:1 38 K227+600 Naliang 25 191 / 86 acoustic environment, ambient air Linxu 39 K231+650 Tangya through 352 / 65 acoustic environment Township ______ambient air, land: 40 1K236+300 Neipai 60 238 / 44 acoustic environment,land3] 41 K236+900 Tangbing 50 187 / 26 acoustic environment,lando 42 K238+700 Dongehong through 282 / 45 acoustic environment,

ambient air, land3

43______K244+900 Nalei 80 315 / 75 acousticenvironment, land,:) Fucheng 44 253+800 Jiaochang 50 329 / 68 acoustic environment, Town 45 K258+800 Nalang 40 201 / 41 acoustic environment,,

46 K264+300 Maantun 80 acoustic environment, Ningwu 47 K296+600 Lingquantun 180 1595 / 361 acoustic environment, Township _ 48 K298+400 Jiuqin through 899/221 acoustic environment,

_ ambient air Shuangq 49 K303+400 Fulin 25 289 / 53 acoustic environment, iao Township ambient air

Nanning 50 K325+650 Ocun 100 acoustic environment,

Notes: (1) The distance from the road center is 25m and 30m for HechioDuan Section and Duan: Nanning Section respectively; (2) Villageswith less farmland; (3) The alignment is close to the villages, which are enclosedby mountainsand the road. It brings some inconvenienceto communications and importancefor flood prevention.

Table 1-12 EnvironmentallySensitive Locations (Rivers & Reservoirs) order station names relationto road types& functionof sensitivelocation

I K98+500 SuirenReservoir 30 m awaygoing along for 3 km tourist resort,for imgation 2 K122+050 DiaojiangRiver over flying pollutedby industry,for irrigation 3 K170+700 Chengjiang going along for 20 km and over water sources for Duan County,water quality River flying

4 K209+200 Hongshui over flying water quality, for irrigation River - 5 K246 Nada Reservoir 20 m away, going along for 3 km water quality for irrigation 6 K263+300 Dongjlang over flying water quality, for irrigabon RiverII 7 K287+100 Xijiang River over flying water quality, for irrigation

110 8 K286+900 Wuming River over flying water quality,for irrigation 9 K305+200 Nawang 20 m away, going along for 0.5 water quality for irrigation Reservoir km

1.6 Phases of Assessment The Shui7Nan Highway is proposed to comnmencein May, 2000 and complete in May, 2004 with a 4-year constructionphase. Based on the time limit, prediction of traffic volume and the memorandumof the talk with the World Bank, the phases are determined as follows, Highway construction phase (2000 7 2004); Short-tern of operation phase (2006); Medium-termof operation phase (2014); Long-termnof operation phase (2024).

CHAPTER2 GENERAL INTRODUCTIONTO THE PROJECT

2.1 Significance of the Project 1. The Shuiren-Nanning Highway is one of the important parts of the naitonal trunk lineflChongchen-Zhanjang Highway, one of the three key highways in the "National Trunk Line Configuration Planning" approved by the State Council. Therefore, il:is essential toachieve the general planning target in the general highway planning configuration. 2. The existing Shuiren-Nanning highway is of lower technical standards resulting in low passing capacity. In addition, it passes through cities and towns frequently with many level crossings and mixed traffic leading to lots of traffic accidents. Consequently, it can not meet the need of the economic growth in Guangxi and Southwest of the country. The construction of the Shuiren-Nanning Highway will promote the regional economy by providing large and heavy trucks to the seaports with fast and convenient traffic means. 3. Located on the south border land of the country, Guangxi Region is the combination part between the south coastal areas and southwest backland, southwest and South China. Both the Central Govenrnent and Guangxi Region Government have required that Guangxi should serve as an access to the south seaports. On the basis of careful study, the conclusion cariLethat the construction of Shuiren- Nannig Highway was the solution to the problem. Its construction will play an important role in

II economic growth and resources exploitation in the Southwest china. 4. Duan County and Mashan County through which the proposed route will pass are ones of the poorest counties of both Guangxi and country level which receive assistance. Although these counties are rich in natural resources, their economy is backward mainly because of poor traffic conditions. The constructionof the highway will provide these areas with a better infrastructure to help them get rid of poverty and become rich. 5. Wuming, Mashan and Duan through which the proposed route will pass have abundant tourism resources with favourable vegetation, beautiful mountains, and wonderful karst caves. The completion of the projected highway will be incorporated into the highway network, thus promoting the regional tourism by providing travellers with convenienttransportatin means and by connectingtourist resorts to Nanning, Hechi and other cities. 6.All these areas are abundant in mineral resources, forestry resources and specialty resources. The constructionof the highway will play an importantrole in exploiting these resources. For the geographical location of the alignment,refer to Fig.2-1.

2.2 Route Alignment and Major ControllingPoints Main line: The total lenghth of the recoimmentedscheme (Scheme A) of the planned road is 237.588 km. The road starts at Changhao Village and ends at Sanan where it is connected to the southlnorth expressway.The alignmentis describedas follows: Starting at Changhao Village, it

12 Fig.2-1

13 Fig.2-2

14 goes south to Gonghua and Latang and there it crosses National Road 323. From there, after passing Banluan, it passes over the Diao River at Nawei 800 meters upstream. And then, it goes through Jiouhuan, Tangma and Xiaao, there it goes parallel to National Road 210 till Baicai Village of Duan County via Daxing and Gaoling. At Baicai Village it tums away from National Road 210 southward to LinjiangVillage via Dongpan and Bantan. The route crosses the Hongshui River there, and then goes to the Xijiang River of the upstream of the Mingshui River through Leyu, Badu, Naliang, Neipai, Fucheng, Wanglu and Luchu. After it crosses Xijiang, it arrives at WuhaishangVillage west of Wuming County Town. There it intersectsProvincial Road 203, then at Xiaolianghou,it crosses over Wuming River. It, passing through Fuma, Jiouqin and Nawang, heads for Xijing in the north suburb of Nanning. Afterwards, the alignment tums southeast to Sanan in the east suburb of Nannig via Ou Village and Ertang, and finally it is connectedwith the south-north expressway. The major controlling points are Shuiren, Duan, Mashan, Fucheng , Wuming and Sanan. For the alignment and major controllingpoints, refer to Annex maps. Connecting Line: To play a better role of the proposed highway in the economic growth in the study area, five connecting lines with a total length of 25.6km are planned at 5 county town sites and a tourist resort. The connecting lines will be built according to classEitwostarndards. The five lines comprise: Duan County Town line (1.5 km), Mashan County Town Line (4.0km), Dahua County Town Line (16.0km), Wuning County Town Line (3.8km) and YilingyanLine (0.3km).

2.3 Prediction of Traffic Volume Based on the developmental prognosis of the traffic volume, the prediction level of the traffic volume of Shui3iNan Expressway in the characteristic years is shown in Table 2-1. Composition of vehicular types & goods is shown in Table 2-2 & 2-3. The traffic volume of connecting lines is shown in Table 2-4. TabIe2-1 Predicted TrafficVolume of Shui-Nan Highway(mediumvehicle) (Unit:v/d) year Shuiren-Duan Duan-Mashan Mashan-Wuming Wuming-Xijing Xijing-Nanning 2004 3140 3595 4824 72130 4602 2010 6154 7251 7929 12034 7297 2020 9808 12016 12983 20479 16039 2024 11304 14129 14986 24'521 20704 Note:According to the OD data of the ProjectFeasibility Study Report, the peak hoursoccur at 90 11am and 205pmaccounting for 6.709.4%of the240hour day's volume; the ratioof the volume in daytime& at nightis 1.301.6. Table 2-2 Ratio of VehicleTypes (%) vehicletype pickup med truck largetruck tractor-trailer minibus bus tractor motorcycle ShuirenD-Duan 16.89 34.89 12.66 2.98 11.71 7.67 11.08 2.14 Duan3Nanning 18.98 38.16 12.41 4.19 15.75 10.50

Table 2-3 Ratio of Goods Composition of Shui-Nan Highway goods coal oil ores of iron& building cement timber oresof fertilizer salt grains others metal steel materials non - & _____ mtnetal pestiside ratio 6 4 7 6 12 5 4 2.5 2.5 0.4 5 46

( %) I______I______

Table2-4 PredictedTraffic Volume of Connectingand IntersectedRoads (mediumvehicle) (Unit:v/d)

15 year Duan Mashan Dahua Wumi Yilingyan NanWei Nanbin Connecting Connecting Connecting Connecting ng Connecting Class one Road 2004 3286 2371 1792 5816 613 7280 4624 2010 5074 4599 2682 8359 t 128 12034 7329 2020 8649 8859 4657 16197 2522 20479 10139 2024 9756 11212 5406 20035 3021 24521 13088

2.4 Construction Scale and Major Technical Indexes The total length of the proposed road is 237.588 km. The whole route is divided into two sections for which three different technical standards will be adopted consideringthe following factors, concluding the predicted traffic volume, the level of economical growth of the respective areas, the natural conditions, construction capital and the state planning for the highway configuration. Which are specified as follows, 1. Section from Hechi(Shuiren) to Duan K96+0003]KI94+300. The new construction mileage is 97.855 km with standards Class-two, including: section K96+0000K163+748 with a length of 66.155 km in hilly heavy rolling area; the design driving speed is 60 km/h and section K163+7480K194+300 with a length of 30.70 km in plain light rolling area; the design driving speed is 80 km/h. 2. Section from Duan to Nanning K194+3000K335+139. The new constructionmileage is 140.733 km. Standardsfor this section will be expressway in plain light rolling areas; design speed is 100 km/h. The construction scale, major technical indices and work amountare shown in Table 2-5.

2.5 Cost and ImplementationSchedule for the Project The project is planned to commence in May, 2000, completed and put into operation in may, 2004, the constructionperiod being 4 years. As a component of the national artery road, it costs tremendouslybecause of long mileage. Due to great shortage of capital for the construction,the fund is suggested to be raised in the fol]lowingways: allocation by the MOC, loan from the World Bank and some being raised by the regional Communications Division. The total cost for the recommended plan of the proposed highway is estimated as 4,117.0172 million RMB yuan including 1,660.00 million RMB yuan from(USD200 million) the World Bank loan, 1 billion RMB yuan appropriated by the MOC. All the others are raised by the provincial ComrmunicationsDivision and loaned from the national banks.

Table2-5 MajorTechnical Standards and WorkAmount for the Highway

NO. item unit class-two highway expressway total

Shuiren[Daxi DaxingODuan DuanONanning ng _

I mileage km 66.155 30.70 140.733 237.58S

2 terrain features hilly heavy plain light plain light ______rolling area rolling area rolling area

3 design driving speed km/h 60C 80 100

4 min. radius of curve m 2C0 400 700

5 max. longitudinal grade 0 6 5 4

6 subgradewidth m 15.0 15.0 26.0

7 bridge design load Auto-20 trailer-120

8 design flood frequency of bridges & culverts _.

16 extremelylarge bridge 1'1100 1100 - 1/300 large& mediumbridge 11001 1'100 1/100 subgrade,small bridge & culvert 1/50 1'50 1/100 9 subgradeearthwork 10000m3 369.13 64.53 2256.44 3772.95 earth stone 110000m3 728.09 103.92 10 drainage& protectionof embankment 10000m' 57.747 27.496 77.197 162.44 extremely large3sizedbridge & large rn/place 464'3 767.0/4 1231/7 bridge 12 mediumOsizedbridge m/place 601/6 992/8 260/4 1853/18 13 small bridge n/place 76.5/2 696.5/22 773/24 14 culvert place 227 116 637 980 15 passage place 168 168 16 levelcrossing set 20 4 24 17 gradeseparation place 24 24

18 interchange . place 6 6 19 landacquired mu 5696 1299 17255.1 24250.1 20 buildingsto be demolished m2 18042 8952 30110 57104 21 toll station place 2 1 7 10 22 parkinglot place 4 4 23 servingarea place 2 2 24 Connectingroad(class-two) km 25.6 25.6 25 cost(RMB) 10000yuan 72672.29 20994.10 326110.833 419782.2 2

2.6 Road-BuildingMaterials and Haulage 2.6.1 Road-building Materials 1.Stones There are high quality stones along the proposed project that can be excavated mainly at Guanglong, Leyu, Yilin and Shangqiao.There are more exposed limestone at Shuiren 0 Mashan Section with short haulage distance. However there are less limestone at Mashan 0 Nanning Section, so the haulage distance is longer for this section. 2.Sand Artificial sand quarries are located at the same places as the stone quarries. In addition, the medium- sized and coarse sand can be obtained from the alluvial layers of the small rivers and streams nearby. 3.Lime There are currently some lime kilns at Wuming, Shuangqiao, Duan and Hechi where lime can be available. 4.Cement There are cement works capable to produce high quality cement at Wuming, Mashan and Duan where it can be procured. All these factories are not in large size with the limit of poor transport, only if it can be purchased after testing-duringhighway construction. 5.Water There are plenty of water sources for construction project along the alignment. However, there are lots of dry valleys in the mountanious areas where water is scarce. WVellsor long distance haulage is needed.

17 2.6.2 Conditions of Transportation At both Hechi and Nanning there is railway service. Besides, 210 National Highway goes parallel to the proposed road. The alien materials can be procured either in Hechi or Nanning. The local materials can be hauled to the construction sites by motor vehicles or tractors except Diaojiang or nearby areas that detours for transport of the materials. The sites of quarries and other materials are listed in Annex Table 2 and Fig. 4-1.

18 CHAPTER3 GENERAL ENVIRONMENT IN THE STUDYAREAS

The projected highway lies in the central and northwestern part of Guangxi. It goes from north to south passingthrough Hechi, Duan, Mashan, Wuming and Naning with a total length of 237.588 km.

3.1 NaturalEnvironment

3.1.1Terrain The terrain of the alignment rises from southeast to northwest. Hechi(Shuiren)where the route starts is situated in the southern edge of Yungui Plateau with an average elevation of 600 meters above the sea level. While Duan and Mashang in the middle has an elevation of 400 300 meter, Nanning, the destination,located in the center of Guangxik,Basin,has an average elevation of about 150 meters. The terrain through which the road passes takes three kinds of topography. The northwest has a comparatively great altitude differencewith huge mountains, valleys, steep cliffs. While the southeast has smaller rise and fall with open and flat terrain. Generally, the topographyfalls into three catogones, namely plane of denudation, hills, Karst and small alluvial plains.

3.1.2 River Regime The area of the study section is abundant in rivers, which all belong to the Zhujiang River System. From north to south the road passes or goes parallel to the following rivers: Diaojing, Chengjiang,Hongshuihe, Dongjiangand Wuminghe.The HongshuiheRiver flows southeast, and it is the longest river the highway passes through. The water current is swift. Both upper and lower have terraced structures, and it is used for navigation. The second largest river is the Diaojing River,basically going south-north. The Chengjiang River, flowing from underground, has a depth of over I meter, and the route passes over it nearly at its end. The road goes parallel to it for about 6 km. Both Dongjiang and Wuminghe go from east to west. All the rivers are of rain -fed rivers affected by the weather and seasons. The flow resulted from flood in spring and fall may be decades or a hundred times that in dry seasons. The study areas are rich in surface water. There are plenty of streams, canals, reservoirs and ponds for fishery.(See Fig. 3-1.)

3.1.3Geology and Seism Geologically, the study area belongs to part of the west wing of the front arc of Guangxi W type pattern terrain being of Variscan-Indo-Chinatectonosphere, Jolly's structural area and Duan and Mashang structural subarea. The major explosed layers in the,study section are: Quatemary System,Tertiary System, lower series of Cretaceous System, middle series and lower series of Triassic System,upper series and lower series. of Permian System, upper series, middle series and lower series of Carbniferous System, upper series and middle series of Devonian System and last, Cambrian System. Between Shuiren and Guanglong are found mudstone, sandstone, shale, malm, limestone, siliceous stone of Devonian System; limestone, dolomite of Carboniferous System; limestone,dolomite of Permian System;

Fig.3-1 River Regime

19 Fig.3-2- 1

21 physical(naturai)env. ecol gic en socialsurroundings =

|nvissum avdegl~~~~~w - * * 33g-su E

.~ Q~ 0 ~ 0. - M. _ _Q _ _

eongauctivities c * o

_ prepastationr0consinuction o _ material transport * o * . earth/stonework __ o o * A A

machinetyactivity A A A

dust0 asphaltsmoke o o A

Material storage o o o o A A _

material transport A 0 A A A

Constructioncamp A 0 A

constructionwaste water 0A

highwanetwork _

highwayransportation A o A o 01

pavementrunoff 0A

accidentrisk 0 0 0

structures,alingnment

servicearea o

Note: *great impact A medium impact o light impact 22 Fig.3-2(2)

22 mudstone, silt' sandstone and limestone of Triassic System. Between Guanglong and Leyu are found: limestone and dolomite of Carboniferous System; limestone and dolomite of Permian System; loan and gravel layer of Quaternarv System. Between Leyu and Wuming are found: limestone of Permian System; limestone, sandstone and silty sandstone of Triassic System; calciun rock of Cretaceous System; clay, loan and gravel layerof QuatemzarySystem. Between Wuming and Nanning are found: crag, gravel and packsand of Cambrian System; Sandstone, alieovite, packsand of Devonian System; limestone of Carboniferous System; gravelly sandstone of Tertiarial layer; aleuvite with lignic in mudstone stratum; loan layer and sandy gravel layer of Quaternary System. According to "Guangxi Earthquake Intensity Map", the intensity of Hechi(Shulren)]Mashang section is lower than 6, while that between Mashang and Nanning is 6. The ground water in the study area falls into three types, namely pore water, crevice water and karst water. Pore water is mainly found in loan, sandy soil layer, and sometimes in limestone and aleuvite of Quatemary System, such as in the alluvial layer of Quatemary System at Wyming and Shuangqiao. North of Fucheng and Xijing, muddy sandstone exists in the phreatic water with free surface. Crevice water falls into structural and karstal types with the iormer found in the faulty belt and the latter in carbonas. Karst water, however is fDund in the areas with developed karst, such as at GuanglngnXiaao, Liziao lWaizhang, DaxingXiangshuiguang and DisuOLeyu. It also exists on both banks of the Hongshuihe River in the form of underground stream, undercurrent and underground river. Both pore water and structural crevice water have slight effect on subgrade and slopes. At plain light rolling areas, the terrain is flat and open less cut and fill, and the alignment will not be affected by the geological conditions. But at some partial rice fields; there are some weak soil layers found which needs some treatment; at the sections in the heavy hilly areas, however, the route will pass through deep eluvial belts with soft rocks and brokenOout sections.During excavation, there might be collape or landslide. Near Nanning there is some swelling soil which needs comprehensive protectionmeasures such as waterproof, moisture keeping, enclosure and slopeprotection.

3.1.4 Meteorological Features in the Study Areas (I) Weather The proposed highway lies north of the Tropic Cancer belonging to humid weather of subtropical zone. The climate is mild with an annual average temperature of 200 722E. It is steamy and hot with an average temperature of 24.8 7 El 26.3 C. The annual lowest temperature is 17.5 El.The weather year around is frostIlfree. These areas are rich in rainfall with an average precipitation of more than 1216 mm. The rainfall is mainly concentrated in April OSeptember accounting for 85% that of the whole year. Nanning and Wuming are struck by typhoon and storms, while Mashan and Duan is affected not so severely. Table 3-1-1 shows the major meteorological elements in the study areas. Table 3-1-2 shows the average annual and characteristicallymonthly rainfall in the study areas. Because of the great rainfall, floods occur very often here resulting in disasters. Every year in May O December, Guangxi is effected by typhoon with coastal areas and Yulin Prefecture in particular. When there is typhoon in Nanning, the wind is usually force 5 O 7. Typhoon brings heavy rainfall affecting highway service. Table 3-1-1 shows that there are less foggy days in the study areas. The types of fog falls into radial and frontal ones making up 67 O 100% of t]hetotal and appear mostly between 4 O llam. Table 3-1-1 Major Meteorological Elements(19'9301997) elements Hechi Duan Mashan Wuming Nanning annual average pressure (hpa) 988.9 992.9 993.2 999.2 1003.9 annual average temperature(O) 20.5 21.2 21.4 21.7 22.0 annual average highest temperature () 24.8 25.3 25.7 26.3 26.3 annual average lowest temperature (0) 17.5 18.3 18.5 18.6 19.0 sunny hours (h) 1277.6 1348.0 1461.9 1532.4 1406.4 annual average precipitation (mm) 1779.0 1899.2 1798.3 1216.9 1325.3 *longest rainy spell (d/mm) 21/51.3 24/365.3 21/511.8 16/134.7 24/384.1 *longest dry spell(d) 46 51 46 44 47 *annual flood times 1.2 1.9 1.8 0.8 0.9 average relevant humidiry (0) 76 75 75 77 78 average foggy days (d) 7.0 1.8 1.4 5.4 3.6 average wind speed (mi/s) 1.0 2.6 1.3 1.7 0.9 most frequent wind directions / frequency(3) ElI 8 NNW126 NE/I3 SE/II ENE/I0

23 frequencyofclamwind(3) 49 1 14 1 31. 21 48 l Note:* Data of 19553 1997.

Table 3-1-2 Precipitation Distribution in the Study Aera(1993Z1997) Unit:mm stations January April July October annual average Hechi 37.5 90.2 376.6 '52.0 1779.0 Duan 46.4 71.9 420.6 51.0 1899.2 Mashan 49.1 81.1 360.9 4'1.8 1798.3 Wuming 39.0 44.0 214.2 20.9 1216.9 Nanning 34.4 45.3 211.0 2.7.8 1325.3

Frontal fog mostly occurs in the mountains of Hechi, Duan and Mashan in late afternoon and at night. When fog occurs, the visibility is less than lOOOm.

(2) Wind direction and wind speed Fig. 3-2 shows the average quarterly and yearly wind speed frequency of five meteorological stations from 1993 through 1997. The figure shows no obvious difference between seasons in wind directions. The main wind directions in these areas are: Hechi E, Duan NNW, Mashan NE, Wuming SE, Nanning ENE. There are more calm frequencies at four stations accounting for :21 0 49% except Duan. The high percent calm frequency is not favorable for diffusion of air pollutants. Table 3-1-3 shows the average wind speed of the years and characteristic months. The average wind speed of Duan is 2.6 m, while the wind speed of other stations is slower, (0.9 O 1.7 m/s) which is unfavorable for diffusion of air pollutants. For detail, refer to Attached Chart 3. Table 3-1-3 Average Wind Speed in the Study Areas (199301997) Unit:m/s stations January April July October annual average Hechi 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 Duan 3.1 2.6 2.0 3i.1 2.6 Mashan 1.3 1.5 1.1 1.4 1.3 Wuming 1.7 2.1 2.1 1.6 1.7 Nanning 0.8 0.9 1.1 (.9 0.9

(3) Atmospheric Stability The stability frequency obtained according to the data from the five meteorological stations and by Pascals method is demonstrated in Table 3-14. It can be seen that the stability frequency is the highest as the neutral one in the fifth station (63 0 70%) with the stable one (E 0 P) being next to it.

Table3-1-4 Average Annual Stability Frequency (%) stations not stable (A[1B) slightly not stable (C) moderate (D) stable (EOF) Hechi 9.4 3.7 63.8 32.9 Duan 6.2 5.1 70.4 18.4 Mashan 9.9 4.1 70C.3 15.7 Wuming 13.1 6.3 62.1 12.4 Nanning 9.8 2.5 64.3 23.4

3.2 Ecosystem The total length of the proposed alignment is 237.588 km. The study areas are rich in biological resources because of favorable climatic conditions of humid monsoon. However, these resources are unevenly distributed due to various geographical conditions and population.

3.2.1 Flora The virgin vegetation in the study area includes tropical evergreen broad-leaved forests, but as the altitude rises, typical mountain evergreen broad-leaved forests, forests with both broad-leaved and acicular forests and mountain low forests are found. Secondary vegetation consists of evergreen and deciduous forests. At those areas where there are more human activities, most high arbor trees have been cut with only shrubs or bare rocks left. The forest coverage at backcountry mountains is 400500, while in the central and densely populated areas, in vast karst areas in particular, the coverage is only 5 E10 . The study area is in the area with frequent human activities. T he forests here are evergreen and deciduous ones mixed with bushes. There are more than 150 species of high trees in Guangxi including pines, firs, eucalyptus, oak, trees

24 of heaven and erythrophloeum ferdii. Other cash trees including: China fir, Chinaberry, Chinese mahogany, tung tree, paper mulberry, tea-oil tree, Chinese chestnut, pine, meadow fescue, camphor tree, silk tree. Medicine plants including: honeysuckles, ninebark, multiflower knotweed, asparagus fern. The major grain crops including: rice, potatoes, oringe and tangerine, sugar cane, peanut and lotus root etc.The major fruit trees including: bryony, litchi, longan, sand pear, persimmon, reach and plum etc. According to the Names of Rare Plants under Protection in China, erythrophloeum ferdii are under protection of level three. They are found mainly at the edges of hills of Daming and Xiaoming Mountains with rich soil. Erythrophloeum ferdii, known as iron trees have many advantages. They are widely used in ship-making industry, bridges, vehicles, fumiture, and construction etc. No such trees have been found in the areas along the route because of frequent human activities.

3.2.2 Fauna In the territory of Guangxi Region there a:re some rare species of animals under protection of national level such as shinisaurus crocodilurus, white headed laugur, yellow-belly tragopan. Due to frequent human activities and advanced farmring,large wild animals are rarely found except in the mountainous areas in Duan and Hechi Counties. Large animals are: monkey, wild dog, boar, paguma larvata, muntiac, Rrinaceeus earopaeus, Manis pentadactyla, goat, otter and musk deer. Birds are; magpie, owl, cuokoo, Garrulax canorus, crow, conure and mandarin duck etc. There are some other wild reptiles and insects. According to the National Wild Animal Protection Species, otters and Manis pentadactylas ip the study areas are under classOtwo protection. There is no state-level animals at the site of the proposed road by investigation from the local forestry institutions.

3.2.3 Soil and Crops (1) Investigationof current situations The major soil types in the study areas are recdsoil, yellow soil, calcareous soil, alluvial soil, purple soil and paddy soil. The red soil is the leading one that is found below 700 m of the sea level on the low hills; the yellow soil is found above 700 m, and the paddy soil is found in the central Guangxi Basin and valleys and plains. Calcareous soil is found mainly in the northern part of the alignment at calcareous areas. According to ETOR, 10 test centers have been set up to determine the lead content in farming soil and crops. For the results, refer to Table 3-2-1. Selection of monitoring locations, collection and preparation of samples, analysis methods and meters are all based on the Analysis Methods of Environmental Monitoring and Quality Standards of Soil (GB 15618 -1995). (2) Assessment of current situation Table 3-2-1 shows that the content of lead in soil is 41.576 0 23.083mg/kg, much lower than the most stnct standards 250 mg/kg. This means that the soil has not been polluted. It still has much capacity. The monitoring result of lead content in crops: rice 0.387mg/kg 0 none; in vegetable 0.15 0 0.1 8mg/kg; in corn 0.366mg/kg. All are lower than the standards. The crops have not been polluted so far. Table 3-2-1 Monitoringof Current Situation ol Soil and Crops order village soil(mg/kg)%) crops(mglkg) Pb N P K organic PH rice vegetable com

Pingcun 23.083 0.105 0.045 0.12 0.92 6.45 d _

2 Hualong 41.756 0.151 0.043 0.34 2.36 7.94 0.315 _ 3 Lalu 34.257 0.123 0.041 0.27 2.80 6.53 d 4 Guanglong 33.294 0.102 0.039 0.11 1.75 6.63 0.336 5 Xiata 40.584 0.197 0.058 0.18 3.12 6.52 d _ 6 Dongpan 34.568 0.113 0.060 0.22 2.83 6.78 0.15 7 Lexu 25.801 0.118 0.031 0.39 2.65 7.32 0.302 0.18 8 Liangfeiting 28.686 0.163 0.051 0.24 2.32 7.78 d

9 Fulin 25.729 0.105 0.055 0.18 2.19 4.92 d _ 0.366

25 10 Ocun 27.501 | 0.117 | 0.040 | 0.22 | 2.20 6.65 0.387 0.16 Note: d--Sample undetected.

3.2.4 Soil Erosion Soil erosion is resulted from both natural and human factors. It is a physical process of soil erosion, movement and deposition.The soil erosion in Guangxi is caused by the damage to vegetation. Table 3- 2-2 shows the intensity of erosion in Guangxi. The soil erosion of different cities and counties along the alignment is showed in Tables 3-2-3, 3-2-4, 3-2-5 respectively. The ground surface is covered with green plants yearEround in Guangxi thanks to its humid and warm climate that fits growth of plants. If we compare Table 3-2-5 to 3-2-2, we know that the soil erosion along the alignment is slight. However, the erosion report by the remote sensing techniques shows that the erosion in the study areas is of intensive or medium degree. See Table 3-2-3 for detail. Table 3-2-4 shows the potential erosion and the areas of erosion at present. It can be concludedthat the protection and control of soil erosion remains a long-lastingtask. Table3-2-2 SoilErosion in Guangxi extentof erosion erosionmodulus (tkm'-y) area (kmi) ratio(oftotal eroded areas)(%) slight 20002500 6369.36 57.16 medium 250005000 2912.52 26.14 strong 500008000 1126.03 10.11 very strong 8000015000 280.09 2.51 severeerosion 015000 454.93 4.08 total 11142.93 100

Table3-2-3 SoilErosion in the Countiesalong the Alignment cityor county areaof erosionkm- total slighterosion medium strongerosion very strong severe erosion erosion erosion NaningCity 503.38 339.47 100.90 61.45 1.56 WumingCounty 199.54 143.10 42.89 13.55 MashanCounty 134.54 89.99 41.33 3.22 - DuanCounty 249.59 111.52 122.53 15.54 HechiCity 66.49 66.49 i = i

Table3-2-4 Areas of Potential Erosionin the Countiesalong the Alignment City or County areasof potential erosion km" (in degree) total low moderate strong destructive NanningCity 116.41 76.52 I 39.89 WumingCounty 341.85 143.10 42.89 113.55 142.31 MashanCounty 692.99 89.99 41.33 3.22 558.45 Duan County 3117.66 111.52 122.53 15.54 2868.07 HechiCity 138.91 66.49 _ _ _ 172.45

Table 3-2-5 Average Soil Erosion Modulus of the Counties along the Alignment countyor city Nanning Wuming Mashan Duan Hechi City County County County City averagesoil erosion modulus (T/km' Y) 220.8 215.7 268.5 368.5 450

3.2.5 Farming The advantages in natural and geographical conditions in Guangxi are favorable for crop growth. There are various kinds of crops and other plants in the study areas taking in rice, beans, potatoes, com, wheat, sugar cane, tobacco, peanut, tea, fruits and medicine herbs. The land use in the study areas is in Table 3-2-6. Table3-2-6 Land Use of the Countiesalong the Alignment county Nanning Wuming Mashan Duan HechiCity item City County County County l _l totalland areas 2905645 5091200 3544671 6137846 3508500 areaof farmland: 477878 1498115 360604.5 538767 199287 paddy 250700 399814 149816.6 109560 170355 non-paddy 226400 1116259 210785.81429209 28932 averageper capita(agr.) 1.11 1 0.77 0.93 1.22 l

26 forest 256635 1690465 409213.8 1368666 1541300 pasture 194545 84763 264793 44802 aquatic 47718 69758 37165 70040 waste 1163538 1054985 3926501 _ averageincome per farmer 1630yuanly 500 yuan/y 600 yuan/y 837yuan/y grain yield per farmer | 545. 1kg 572kg _

In Nanning, Wuming and Mashan, rice is grown with a higher yield per unit area because of favorable climate. Whereas in Duan, the natural and geographical conditions are much poorer than those in the above areas. There are lots of mountains and hills. The good farmland is scarce there, so attention to that must be paid in construction of the road.

3.3 Social Surroundings

3.3.1 Socio-economics in the Study Areass The proposed project will pass Hechi Prefecture,Nanning Prefecture and the City of Nanning with five directly impacted counties and cities of Nanning, Wuming, Mashan, Duan and Hechi. The jurisdiction and subordination are in Table 3-3-1. The project impaction areas see Fig. 3-3. Table3-3-1 Jurisdicationof PrefecturesRelated province Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region city or Hechi Prefecture Nanning NanningCity prefecture Prefecture county or Hechi Duan County Mashan County Wuming County Nanning citv City . City town or El > n 71 ° ° ,, 2 * C) X township F' C '- 0 Ct--- x o

number 2 2 3 II 15 9 4 l 4 15 2 13 8 2 2 1 4 1 l l of T villages

Nanning City: The City of Nanning is located in the central south of Guangxi Region. It is the capital of Guangxi and the center of politics, economy,culture and transportation. It is also one of the open cities approved by the State Council. It governs;six districts and two counties covering an area of .10,029 square km with a population of 281.20 million (1997) including 62% of agricultural population. There are rich mineral resourses and subtropical plant resourses and tourist resourses being one of the five tourist resorts. The GNP in 1997 was 17,489 million RMB yuan being in the leading position of development in the whole region. The ratio of industry, agruculture and tertiary industry was 5.99:32.77:61.24,which seems reasonablestructurally. Wuming County: Wuming County, located north of Nanning, is under juristication of Nanning. It is an area where a number of nationalities live togetlherwith Zhuangzu being in the greatest number. The area of the county is 3,366square km with a population of 6.408 million with the agricultural population making up 85.83, among which the Zhuang people account for more than 860. A new development formula has been formed. The new formula is described as: industry is promoted by agriculture, and agriculture, in tum, is offerred help by industry,and industry and agriculture work in an effective coorperation. This area is abundant in both natural and tourist resources. The Yiling Yan District is a famous tourist place. 1997's GNP in this county was 199.4 million RMB yuan. Therefore, it is a county with potentialities. Nanning Prefecture: Being located in the centraLIsouth of Guangxi, Nanning Prefecture govems 12 cities and counties. The population in 1997 was 543.84 million with an agricultural population making up about 900 of the whole . This area lies in thie subtropical zone enjoyingpeculiar advantages of resourses for development of subtropical cash crops such as sugar cane, fruit and tea. In addition, there are rich mineral resourses, water resourses and tourist resourses to be exploited. Industries here are based on agriculture, and cement and sugar making is the key industry, the structure of which is not

.27 Fig.3-3

29 reasonable. The GNP in 1997 was 141,90million RMB yuan. The net mean income of farmers and other people is lower than the average level of the whole province, so the living standard is low. Mashan County: Mashang County is underjurisdication of Nanning Prefecture. The whole county Is located in deep rocky mountain area with poor natural resourses and deteriorated biological conditions, and it is one of the development areas in Honghe River power station reservoir districts. The area of the county is 2,365 square km with a populationof 0.4855 million people, 93 of which is engaged in agriculture.Itis an agricultural county with less farmland for per person. The county is resided by 13 different nationalities including Han, Zhuang and Yao, with Zhuang and Yao taking up 84.6% of the total population The GNP was 415 million R.MByuan in 1997. Therefore, we can say that it is a backward county in Guangxi with slow growth of economy . So far, about 30_ of the population are under the poverty line. The county is supportedby agriculture with industrybeing in its beginning. Hechi Prefecture: Hechi Prefecturelies in the northwestern part of Guangxi on the border between the south slope of Yungui Plateau and GuizhongBasin with an area of 33,508 square km. It is peopled by 8 nationalities, namely Zhuang, Han and Yao etc. It governs 11 cities and counties having a population of 3.6757 million. The whole area is characterised by mountainousand hilly land making up 91 0 of the total. There are different species of plants and local specialties which are well-known. There are potentialities for forestry and tourism. Besides, there are plenty of water resourses and mineral resourses. The GNP of the whole prefecture was 100.01 million RMB yuan in 1997 with a GNP of 2,728 RMB yuan per person lower than that of the whole contry. Agriculture plays an important role in the regional economy. Major industrial enterprises are mining, machinery, sugar making, electricity, building materials, chemical industry, and textile etc. The ratio of industry, agriculture and tertiary industry is 30:38:32,which needs further readjustment. Duan County: Duan County is a Yaozu autonomous county under jurisdication of Hechi Prefecture. The total area is 4,095 square km with a population of 0.6217 million people, 94 0 of which are engaged in agriculture, and 21.7 percent are Yao people. The GNP in 1997 was 464 million RMB yuan being one of the poorest counties in the country which needs assistance to get rid of poverty. Now, 26 thousand people still live in poverty making up 4201 of the whole population. Agriculture is now supporting industry in economy. However, the township enterprises are developing fast. There are favourablenatural conditions for developing green food. Hechi City: Hechi City belongs to Hechi Prefecture. It is the capital of Hechi Prefecture and the center of its politics, economy, culture and transportation in the prefecture. It is also an access to the seaports for Guizhuo and Sichuang and other provinces of Southwestern China. The total area is 2,340 square km with a population of 0.304 million in 1997, 640 of which are engaged in agriculture. The area is rich in mineral resourses,water resourses, forest resourses and tourism resourses..Economy is booming fast. Industry includes metallu.rgy,foodmaking, cement, farming tool and other businesses forming the backbone of economy. Agriculture consists of planting and husbandry. The GNP in 1997 was 1,262 million RMB yuan taking the leading position in economical development in Hechi Prefecture. For detail, see Table 3-3-2.

Table3-3-2 SocioOEconomicGrowth of the Areas DirectlyImpacted index population grossoutput value of industry GDP and agriculture 1,000 average 100million average 100million average annual RMByuan annual RMByuan annual city or county growth(%) growth(%) growth (%) NanningCity 128.03 2.69 108.32 10.65 10.48 13.66 WumingCounty 64.08 0.86 35.60 14.47 19.94 12.72 MashanCounty 48.55 1.01 5.19 8.88 4.15 9.41 Duan County 62.17 0.52 9.85 10.54 4.46 7.54 Hechi City 30.40 1.10 11.85 11.05 12.62 15-80 Notes:1. The data in the tableare thenumbers of 1997; 2. Thegrowth rate is the averagegrowth of 19900 1995; 3. The data come from the GuangxiYear Book of 1998.

3.3.2 TrafficTransportation at Present

30 The major transportation means in the study areas is highway transportation.The main highway in operation at present is 210 National Highway.Most sections of the highway are of class three or four or simple country road except the class-two section between Nanning and Wuming which is 29 km long. The bad conditions of the road cause frequent traffic accidents. Besides, they can not meet the economic growth. Therefore, these areas need a high-class highway urgently.

3.3.3 Tourist Resources and Cultural Relics In the areas directly affected by the project, the main tourist resort is Wulingyanin Wuming County. Wulingyan scenic zone is the paradise in Nanning tourist areas. The passage of the alignment through the tourist attraction will add beauty to the scenery, so the tourists can enjoy the pleasure. See picture A in Chapter 4. Located 38 km northeast of Wuming Town, Daming Mountains are known as the summer resort in Guangxi. With its beautiful landscapes, it attracts millions of holiday- makers every year. Located 5 km east of Wuming County, Qifeng Mountains are another tourist resort with its wonderful beauty. In addition, The south Guangxi tourist areas, with Nanning being the center, have very rich tourist resources attracting numerous tourists from both home and abroad. According to the site survey and the visit to the institutions of hitorical relics, there is no important clutural and historical relics in the assessment scope on both sides of the proposed highway. Fig 3-4 shows the locations of tourism resorts and cultural relics which are far away from the alignment. Therefore,the construction of the highway will not have any adverse effect on them. Annex 11 shows the comments of the Cultural Relics Agency of Guangxi on the highway construction. By the investigation of Guangxi provincial Antique Brigade,, no important cultural relics are found within the assessment area.

3.3.4 Minority Nationalities Guangxi Region has a long history traced back to 214 B.C. of Qin Dynasty.It has long been a part of a united nation. Guangxi is a multi-national region peopled by 12 ethmicgroups of Zhuang, Han, Yao, Miao and Maonan etc, with the minority nationalities making up 38.5% of the total population. The areas in which the minorities live cover about 60 percent of Guangxi's territory.Zhuang is an original nationality with a long history. The population of Zhuang accounts for 33% of the total one in the

31 Fig.3-4

32 whole region, being the largest minority in the country of 55 ethnic groups. In 1958, approved by the State Council, the Guangxi Autonomous Region was set up to carry out a policy of autonomy. Afterwards, some autonomous counties as well as townships were established, e.g. Yao Autonomous Country through which the proposed highway passes. All the leading organizationsof alllevels include cadres from minorities. In 1957, with the help of the Central Goverrment,the Zhuang Common Language was founded. The various nationalitiles of Guagnxi Region have long got along well with each other for ages. They learn from each other and help each other in cultural and economic deeds. There are no customs deserving special attention except for some distinctive dress style, landuages,diet etc. They all share the same festivals with the Han except for some unique festivals as the Zhuzhu Festival observed by some minorities. The total length of the proposed alignment is 237.588km. The areas of the minorities and villages where they live make up above 95 percent of all villages through which the proposal passes. They are mainly Zhuang, Yao and Maonan nationalities.Zhuang Nationality with the longest history in Guangxi is engaged in farning mainly. However, it has relatively developed metal casting, ship-making, ceramics and textile industry, Having its own landuage and letters, the Zhuang is well known for being good at singing folk songs. The third day of March is its traditional song festival.The Zhuang has long good relationshipwith the Han as intennarryingwith Han. The Zhuang live at flatter areas in Guangxi, e.g. Wuming County,Mashan Countyand Hechi City. The Yao is spread widely living mostly in mountainous areas.,e.g in Duan Yao Autonomous County. The Yao peoples living conditions are usually not good. They carry out monogamy, seldom intermarrying other nationalities. They have their own unique festivalO]ZhuzhuFestival. They also have their own language, but no letters. The Maonan takes the seventh place in population, mainly in Huanyiagn Maonan Autonomous County. Very few Maonan people are found along the proposed highway. They are in mixed communities with the Zhuang and Yao in most cases. The Maonan people are frank and open, speaking other languages like the mandarin and the Zhuang laguage. They intermarrythe Zhuang and the Han very often. The areas through which the projected highway passes are very backward because of poor transport conditions. As a result, the economical and cultural activities have long been limited leading to poor living conditions of the local people. So, the local people are enthusiaticallyinterested in the construction of the new highway.

3.4 CurrentSituation of EnvironmentalQuality

3.4.1Acoustics

3.4.1.1 Noise Sources According to the field investigation,there are no other noise sources found except those from the existing road. The relation of the environment in the study areas and the existing roads in the assessment scope are shown in Table 3-4-1. Table says that there is no noise pollution basically along the existing highway.

Table 3-4-1 Existing Environmentin the Study Areas Station village relationto existingroad Route& environment K 110+300 Hualongcun intersectingNational R.323 Section from the origin (k96+000)at K141+450 Guanglong intersectinglocal road Shuirento Duan (kl94+300)lies in K145+3200 XiaaoDDaxing going parallelto National R.210 along the valleys or flat areas among the K170+350 the ChengjiangRiver on either side of mountains.The natural environment thevalley is good K199+100 Dongpan intersecting local road with smaller Section from Duan (K194+300) to .______angle Nanning(K335+139) lies in flat areas K256+560 Nahai - intersectinglocal road among mountains or light hilly rolling areas The natiral environment K285+100 Wuhaidatun intersectingS. 20323 is good

3.4.1.2 Existing Noise Level Monitored Noise was determined by the team in October of 1996 at the monitoring spots chosen based on the

33 outline. The determination methods were in accordance with Noise Determination Methods in Urban Areas GB/T 14623- 93. (I) Environmnentalnoise level monitored The existing (background) level determined at the sensitive spots in the study areas is shown in Table 3-4-2. Table3-4-2 Monitoringof NoiseLevel at SensitiveLocations Station village davtime Night rmarks LA," LID L50 L9 | C LA I Lio Lso Lso O0 K96+~800 Pingcun 41.3 42.9 40.7 39.7 3.63 36.5 38.7 36.2 32.4 1.24 there is avillage at theinterchange KI110+350 Hualongcu 59.9 63.3 42.0 37.8 9.73 46.5 50.0 44.2 40.2 3.88 intersecting n R.323 at a village K140+460 Guanglong 48.9 49.9 47.0 45.3 1T02 35.1 37.5 33.6 32.3 2.20 intersecting local cun toad near a ______~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~village Kt159+300 Longhuato 41.9 42.9 40.7 39.7 l59 40.2 42.7 39.8 35.6 1.34 going parallel to ngcun R.20'I at a village in which there is a school K179+300 Bayang 44.7 45.8 43.1 40.4 2.58 40.9 42.4 40.4 37.8 2.46 rural areas on plaini among the mounltains K206+750 Bantan 43.8 47.8 42.0 36.5 4.03 34.5 35.6 33.9 33.4 1.23 rural areas among mounitainplains K.211+500 Badu 44.0 55.9 42.2 40.1 2.86 39.2 41.4 38.8 36.4 1.92 suburban areas of Primary county town site School K231+650 Tangya 41.4 43.0 35.7 33.3 4.37 32.9 34.1 32.4 31.8 1.13 hillyvillage

K267+850 Dajiangyu 38.2 41.1 35.7 32.7 3.51 32.1 33.0 31.8 31.1 0.92 village on a plain an among hills K303+400 Fulin 7th 42.8 43.6 42.4 41.9 0.97 37.4 39.7 36.7 34.6 0.80 village on a plan Brigate anong hills K.325+650 Ocun 43.3 46.3 42.1 39.4 2.71 34.8 37.0 33.7 32.0 2.16 suburban village of Nanning City

(2)Traffic noise level monitored The traffic noise level of main highways is shown in Table 34-3. Table3-4-3 TrafficNoise Level at StudyArea station place road tested time distancefrom the road side(m) l 0.20 20 50 100 KI 10+300 Shuiren at the interchange of daytime 70.3 62.2 60.1 54.6 Shuirenof R.323 night 45.9 41.7 37.5 35.8 K170+850 Daxing at the interchangepoint of daytime 69.0 61.3 60.4 54.9 ______R.210 at Daxing night 59.0 50.5 40.2 36.2 K211+500 BaduPn.School Dahuconnecting line day 46.2 44.2 3.4.1.3 Assessment of Current Situation of Acoustics The current situation of environmentaland traffic noise level has been assessed. The results are as follows: l.In general rural areas, the noise level in daytime is LAeq= 38.2 0 44.7 dB; at night L,Aq = 32.1 0 40.9 dB, which satisfy the 0 grade standards in GB3096-93 Noise Level Standards in Urban Areas. 2. The noise level beside the main county highways and near the suburbs of county tovm sites is: at night 45.9 0 59.0dB which is in excess of the standards; in daytime the noise level is of 4 grade; at the distance of 20 m or beyond the noice level is 3 0 1 grade. The traffic noise resulting from these highways do not have significant effect on the acoustic noise due to the fact that the proposed alignment goes parallel to the existing highway only at a few sections. 3. The noise level in route schools is 44.0dB day and night, which shows a peaceful surrounding. 4. The current traffic volume on connecting lines presents the low level, the noise level as 44.2- 46.2dB day and night. It can be concluded that the quality of acoustics along the projected highway is fairly good. The residents and the schools enjoy a quiet environmenit.

3.4.2 Water 3.4.2.1 Investigation of current situation of water In order to know the current water quality in the water bodies that may be affected by the

34 construction of the project, the water environment has been surveyed. Besides, the water bodies in the main rivers and reservoirs have been monitored by the Environmental Protection Station of Hechi. (1) Monitonrng locations The proposed alignment will cross or go parallel to the following rivers: Diao River, Cheng Riover, Hongshui River, and Wuming River. It will pass near sorne reservoirs. On the basis of the data from the local stations, the water in the main rivers and reservoirs was monitored and analyzed. The locations of water samples are shown in Table 3-4-4 and annex figure. (2) Analysis method of samples The samples are obtained at the three points -upstream, downstream and in the middle of the cross sections of bridges (100 m apart). They are analyzed after mixed. For the reservoirs, the three points in the right, left and middle are chosen. Samples are collected 3 days in succession, once a day. See Table 3-4-5. Table 3-4-4 Locations of Current Water Monitoring order - river or reservoir monitonngcross monitoring remarks section location ShuirenReseroir K99+900 Gonghuavillage a tourist restort, road passes along the .______slopeon the bank 2 DiaojiangRiver K122+050 Weina vercrossing 3 ChengjianhRiver K165+000 iutun water sources for Duan County, road goingparallel to it 4 ChengjiangRiver K170+700 Jiangpo water sources for Duan County, road ______overcrossing it 5 HongshuiRiver K209+200 Linjiangvillage overcrossing 6 NadaReservoir K246+000 Gaoping road passingby bridge 7 WumingRiver K268+900 at bridge overcrossing

Table3-4-5 Monitoring & Analysis Methods of Existing Wat er Quality monitoringelement methodsof analysis detectionlimit pH glass electrode COD,, bichromatepotassium - 10 oil ultravioletspectrophotometry 0.05 Pb automicabsorption spectrophotometry 0.04 SS gravity lI 0

(3) Monitoring time and results See Table 3-4-6 for detail. Table 3-4-6 Monitoring of ExistingWater Quality in the Study Areas monitoringlocations date pH Pb COD,T oil (XI0L) SS Shuiren Reseroir 97.8.3 8.59 0.02d Sd 2.5d 5d (Gonghua) 97.8.4 8.42 0.02d Sd 2.5d Sd 97.8.5 8.47 0.02d Sd 2.5d Sd average 8.49 0.02d Sd 2.5d 5d DiaojiangRiver (Weina) 97.8.3 9.05 0.20 40 1.50 225 97.8.4 8.55 0.25 30 1.62 220 97.8.5 8.14 0.18 50 1.44 247 average 8.58 0.21 40 1.52 231 ChengjianhRiver (Jiutun 97.8.3 8.06 0.02d 5d 2.5d 5d section) 97.8.4 8.08 0.02d 5d 2.5d Sd 97.8.5 8.08 0.02d 5d 2.5d 5d average 8.07 0.02d 5d 2.5d Sd HongshuiRiver (Linjiang 97.8.3 8.15 0.02d 5d 2.5d 54 vil.) 97.8.4 8.22 0.02d Sd 2.5d 41 97.8.5 8.13 0.02d 5d 2.5d 64 average 8.15 0.02d 5d 2.5d 53 Nada Reservoir 97.8.3 8.23 0.02d 5d 2.5d 12 (Gaoping) 97.8.4 8.21 0.02d Sd 2.5d 16 97.8.5 8.18 0.02d 5d 2.5d 20 _ average 8.21 0.02d 5d 2.5d 16

35 Wuming River (at bridge) 97.8.3 8.02 0.02d Sd 2.5d 10 97.8.4 7.99 0.02d 5d 2.5d 13 97.8.5 8.05 0.02d 5d 2.5d _1 average 8.02 |0.02d 5d 2.5d _ j1 Note: In the table d stands for not detected, taken half of detection limit.

3.4.2.2 Analysis of Current Quality of Water 1. Assessment methods Water will be analyzed and evaluated by using the standard classification methods. If all the factors are below class-one standards, the water quality at this section is classified as class-one type. When one or more factors are in excess of the standards of class-one standards,but below class- two standards, the quality at this section is classified as class-two type. The same is true of other classes i.e. class- three, class-four and class-five. 2. Assessment standards To comply with the reply letter on the standards for the projected construction from Guangxi Environmental Protection Bureau, for surface water Surface Water Environmental Standards GB3838- 88 III will be adopted. See Table 1-4 for the standards. 3. Assessment results The monitoring results compared with the standards adopted are listed in Table 34-7.

Table 3-4-7 Evaluation of Water Quality factors results pH COD cr oil Pb

rivers or reseroirs __-___._ _ Shuiren Reseroir L o a_ _ Diaojiang River D ED Do o=- Chengjianh River(Jiutun) O _ o _ Chengjiang River(Jiangpo) O 0 o_o Hongshui River o _ o ID Nada Reservoir o _ o C W6ming River o _ C o The assessment element PP has been replaced with CODcr due to monitoring limitation.

The results monitored are as follows: 1. All factors in the Diao river exceed class-V of GB 3838-88 showing that the river has been contaminated by local industrial enterprises, which has been listed as one of the strictly controled river by the Guangxi EP Agency. It is believed that the water will be bettered due to the strict control measures adopted by the Guangxi EP Agency. 2. The water quality in other rivers and reservoirs remains almost the same. The index level of PH, CODcr, and oils mee the standards of class I, while that of Pb meet the standards of class II. Therefore, the water quality of these watr bodies can be deternined as class II. It can be summarized that the water quality in the water bodies is good with its existing level in accordance with class-two.

3.4.3 Current Situation of Ambient Air 3.4.3.1 Monitoringof the quality of ambient air (I) Locations and items of monitoring Eight monitoring spots are identified along the alignmentto monitor air quality. For details, refer to Table 3-4-8. Table 3-4-8 Locationsof Monitoringof Air Qualityand Kindsof Samples order location & Kinds of samples environmentof monitoringlocations station I Pingcun village NOx,'CO,TSP, Pb near the origin,grade separation of Liuzhain ShuiirenR., light (K97+000) hillv rolling area 2 Hualong NOx, CO, TSP, Pb intersectingR.323 (Kl 10+350) .- _ 3 Jiou village NOx, CO, TSP, Pb capital of DaxingTownship; passing by school & hospita (K 165+000) 4 Batan NOx, CO, TSP, Pb near R.210, economic development area of Duan

36 (K189+000) 5 Badu NOx, CO,TSP, Pb suburbsof Mashan,interchangeto be built (K21 1+500) 6 Nalei NOx, CO, TSP, Pb remote rural village (K244+900) 7 Fulin NOx, CO, TSP, Pb flat area among mountains with fair environment (K303--400) 8 Ou village NOx, CO, TSP, Pb suburban area of Nanning (K325+500)

(2) Period, frequency and analysismethods of monitoring Hechi Environmental Protection Station was asked to conduct the monitoring of air quality. Sampling was made for five days in succession on 29/5 of 1997 and 21/6 of 1997. Then the samples were analyzed according to GB 3095- 1996. The analysis methodsgiven are in Table 3-4-9. Table 3-4-9 Methods of Sampling and Analysing items analysis methods of samples NOx Saltzian method in GBIT 15436-95 CO non-dispersion infrared imethod TSP gravity method in GB/T 15432-95 Pb automic absorption method

3.4.3.2 Current situation of air quality and its assessment The monitoring results of CO, NOx, TSP and lead content at the eight locations are shown in Tables 34-10 03-4-13 respectively.From the tables we know: (1) The hourly average concentrations of CO at all the eight places is between 0.625 0 2.62 mg/Nm3; the daily average concentrationis 0.625 O 1.414 mg/Nm3, both below class-two standards in GB 3095-1996. (2) The average hourly and daily concentrations of NOx is between 0.003 E 0.032 mgNm3 not exceeding the class-two standards in GB 3095-1996. (3) The average daily level of TSP is between 0.017 C 0.228mg/Nm3, below class-two standards in GB3905- 1996. (4) The lead concentration at eight locations is between 0.043 El 0.385mg/Nm3 . When compared with the average limit level of 1.5mg/Nm3, it is in accordance with the standards. It can be seen that along the alignment in the study area the concentrationsof CO, NOx and lead are low, so it still has a great acceptance capacity. The local air quality is fairly good thanks to the humid air and thick vegetation. Table3-4-10 Monitoringof Concentrationsof CO Unit:mg/Nm3 No. sarnpiing hourly concentratons average daily concentrations average spot numbers scale excess% Ist day 2nd day 3rd day 4th day 5th day scale excess

Pulgcun 20 * 0.625_1. 0 0.625 0.625 0.818 0.844 0.923 0.625 0 0.767 82 0.844 2 Hualong 20 0.625:1. 0 0.625 0.806 0.625 0.831 0.625 0 6251 0 0.702 45 0.83i1 3 Jiutun 20 0.625:12. 0 0.625 0.781 0.794 1.142 0.625 0.625i2 0 0.793 92 ______1.142 4 Batan 20 0.625: i. 0 0.625 0.791 0.625 0.901 0.792 0.6257 0 0.747 ___ __ 73 0.901 ______5 Badu 20 0.625= i. 0.625 0.804 0.786 0.625 0.625 0.625: 0 0.693 ___ __ 34 __ _ _ _0.804 _ _ _ 6 Naiei 20 0.625: 1. 0 0.625 0.814 0.839 0.625 0.911 0°.C625- 0 0.763 77 0.911 7 Lingquan 20 0.6252]2. 0 1.004 0.625 1.305 0.625 0.801 0.6252 0 0.872 tun 62 1.004 S Oun 20 06:. 0 0883 0.819 1.4i4 090 0.794 0.79421 0 0.978

__ __ _ 14 ______1.414 _ _ _ _ _ Table3-4-11 Monitoringof Concentrationsof Nox Unit:mg/Nrn_ No. sampling hourly concentations average daily concensionas averag spot numnbers scale excess% Ist day 2nd 3rd day 4th day Sth day scale Excess% c

I Pingcun 20 0.00320. 0 0.003 0.003 0.007 0.003 0.006 0.00320 0 0.005 ______012 .007 2 Hualong 20 0.003_0. 0 0.005 0.004 0.004 0.006 0.003 0.00320 0 0.005 ___ _ _ 010 ______.006 ______3 Jiutun 20 0.003°-. 0 0.003 0.010 0.004 0.005 - 0.004 0.003_0 0 0.005 027 _ 0I__ 0 _ _ _ _ 4 Batan 20 0.00320. 0 0.009 0.008 0.010 0.003 0.007 0.003u0 0 0.007 l____ _ 021 l02 l a .010 _ l 5 Badu 20 00.003. .003 0.003 0.004 0.003 0.00320 0 0.006 030 _ . _____ .010 _ l

37 6 Nalei 20 0.003=0. 0 0.005 j 0.004 0.006 -0-006 0.003 0.003:0O _ 0.005

7 Lingquan 20 0.003:0. 0 0.011 0.004 0.004 0.020 0.014 0.004:0, 0.011 _un 032 .020 8 Ocur 20 .0030 O0 0006 0.005 O o30 0.007 0.004 0.003:0 0.005 012 .007

Table3-4-12 Monitorngof Concentrationsof TSP Unit:mg/Nm3 order sampling spot average dailv concentrations Ist day 2nd day 3rd day 4th day 5th day scale excess average 1 7 ~% Pingcun 0.045 0.137 0.060 0.057 0.047 0.045-30.137 0 0.069 2 Hualong 0.013 0.065 0.073 0.087 0.026 0.013,30.087 0 0.053 3 Jiutun 0.168 0.170 0.104 0.192 0.122 0.10400.192 0 0.151 4 Batan 0.043 0.228 0.137 0.165 0.061 0.043D0.228 0 0.127 S Badu 0.052 0.086 0.043 0.061 0.059 0.04300.086 00.060 6 Nalei 0.062 0.081 0.056 0.039 0.073 0.03900.081 0 0.062 - Lingquantun 0.017 0.043 0.021 0.022 0.026 0.01700.043 0 0.023 8 - Ocun 0.039 0.046 0.050 0.072 0.145 0.03930.145 0 0.070

Table34-13 Monitoringof Concentrationsof FPb Unit:ug/Nm3 order sampling spot average dailv concentrations Ist day 2nd day 3rd day 4th day Sth day scale excess average

Pingcun 0.048 0.177 0.171 0.179 0.364 0.04830.364 0 0.188 2 ualong 0.048 0.177 0.178 0.179 0.178 0.04830.178 0 0.152 3 Jiutun 0.135 0.048 0.178 0.093 0.125 0.04800.178 0 0.116 4 Batan 0.092 0.177 0.134 0.179 0.103 0.09200.179 0 0.137 5 Badu 0.042 0.092 0.135 0.042 0.043 0.042D0.135 0 0.071 6 Nalci 0.043 0.050 0.043 0.043 0.051 0.04300.051 0 _0.046 7 Lingquantun 0.043 0.134 0.385 0.043 0.050 0.04300.385 0 0.114 8 Ocun 0.043 0.132 0.043 0.043 0.134 0.04300.134 0 0.079

3i8 CHAPTER4 ENVIRONMENTALIMPACT PREDICTION

4.1 Socialand EconomicEnvironmental Impact Analysis

4.1.1 ProjectImpact Analysis on Minorities Guangxi has a great concentrationof ethics in China. The project area takes one of the most part of minorities in the region. Some minorities in those places are always living in poor conditions as they can not make good use of local natural resources only because of poor communication and backward transportation. The construction of the new highway project will present an entirely new look in traffic, along with new life. So, the constructionof a highway means the further national solidarity. The proposed highway is located in minority areas. 95% of the villages, according to a survey,along the line within 200m belong to those of Zhuang, Yao and Maonanethics. Zhuang, the major one, has its own language and letters, who are civilized comparatively (intermarrywith some other nationalities) and have a better living conditions. There are not so many Yao and Maonan people along the route, who are mostly living poorly in isolate mountains. The cross of highway through minority areas will enhance the communication of the local people with the others and greatly improve the current situations of the backward areas.

4.1.2 ProjectAnalysis on Socialand Economic Benefits 4.1.2.1 Social BenefitAnalysis The project area contains Mashan and Duan counties, the poor region, which is lower in economic levels. Both people are in poor living conditions and always are key poverty0relief targets from the state, Guangxi province and local prefecture. The backward traffic conditions are the major restricting factor for the economic. development of the mountainous areas. That is why the improvement of highway in local places is very available for the improvementof economy, significantly in reality and history. The rich minerals, forest and mountainous products along the highway, especially the industry of building materials, means a good future. The full exploitation of natural resources depends on convenient transportation, highway transportation particularly.The irmplementationof the project will create new conditions for the exploitation and exportationof local goods, in order to further complete the local economic structure and distribution. That will be a great guarantee for the realizationof local 9th five-year plan and the 2010 Long Range Plan as well as a direct acceleration of local economy.

4.1.2.2 Social EnvironmentBenefit from the Project (1) Social and economic development of the Local Areas Guangxi, one of the 12 seashore provinces in China, owns plenty of bays and harbors with good natural conditions. The special geographical location, semitropical climate and rich natural resources provide a perfect requirements for economy, trade and tourism. The Slate Government made a strategic point of departure as to make full use of the sea passage for the Southwest. In Guangxi, there have been some key enterprises on coal, electricity, metallurgy, building materials, electromechanical,light industries etc., which has formed a big capacity of production. Meanwhile, Guangxi is still a sub- developing area with its weak infrastructure in transportationand some industries of raw materials in advantage, in comparison with some other provinces. In years, the advantageous geographic condition and rich natural resources have not performed generally but in small scope and low economics. Therefore, the construction of Hechi-Nanning expressway will play a great role both in accelerating the social and economic development in Guangxi and its project areas, and in smoothing traffics and decreasing long-distanceby-pass. (2) A Key to Poverty Relief The project area is not well-developing,which has a large size of poverty and poor population. The rural and urban differences exist extremely, as some part of local people even don't have enough food and clothing, some of which, including some minorities, are still under ihe poverty line (income:250- 700yuan /yr. In attached table 1). It is a hard task to relieve local poverty, which is partly due to poor traffics. The improvement of local transportation will be a vital measure for the conversion of backwardness. The construction of the project will be significant in economics and society in enlarging the exploitation of resources and quickening the steps of poverty relieving.

40 The compensation for removal will be mainly on cultivation. The local cultivation of sheep, hares, dogs, etc. will be available for its rich nature, which is one of the special way for local peasants to get rid of single dependence upon little farmland.

4.1.3 ProjectEconomic Assessment

4.1.3.1 ProjectExpenses The project costs contains that of construction,mid- & large-sized maintenance and overhaul. The investment estimate shows that the total cost from the recommended plan covers 4,117.0172 million RMB yuan, with a road length of 237.588km, 17.32 million RMB yuanAkm.There are 4 channels for the funds consulted by the concemed agencies, a: to be applied as subsidy from the Ministry of Communications, I billion RMB yuan; b: loan from foreign agency, US$200m (1660 million RMB yuan), by the interest of 7%/yr.; c: self-raise by the Guangxi Dept. of Communications, 1,342 million RMB yuan; d:Loan from domestic banks, 115 rnillion RMB yuan. After the operation, tolls are to be used to clear off the loan and its interests.

4.1.3.2 EconomicBenefits from the Project The direct economic benefit means all profits received by all highway users in sociiety,including the following aspects, (1) Levelingbenefits from the lowering transportcost as the proposed highway in higher grade; (2) Diverging benefit from the reductionof congestion and from the then speeding; (3) Saving benefit from the shortening of distance; (4) saving benefit from the transport time decreasingbecause of higher speed; (5) saving benefit from the decreasingof passengers traveling time (6) benefit from the reduction of traffic accidents. It is estimatedthat in the 20 years of 2004-2023, the economic benefit totals to 52,296 million yuan in 20 years of operation.-Meanwhile, a great deal of gasoline can be saved.

4.1.3.3 Project Economic Evaluation The national economic evaluation can be proceeded on the base of expenses and benefits. By calculation, the index of project economic evaluation are shown : the value of EIRR reaches 22.50%, larger than the conversion rate of 12%. On the condition of current 12%, the net increase of value reaches 4,981.57 million yuan. The financial recovery period is 7.66 year. That all shows the project is feasible and beneficial. The analysis on project sensibility shows that the benefit is lower by 20%, when expenses 20% upward, at this time the EZRR still up to 17.38%,larger than the social conversionrate 12%. That is to say, the anti-risk of project reveals strong.

4.1.4 Analysison Social EnvironmentImpact from the Project Highway construction offers large-sized scope, which will inevitably bring some restrictions and impacts to existing roads, farmlands, irrigation works, electric and comnmunications.Sometimes, it will have a great influence on the farm work and local life. The social environment sure can be impacted along the route from the highway construction.

4.1.4.1 Land Requisition and Removal By survey, the proposed highway construction will occupy all land of 24250 mu, including 2643.59 mu irrigated land, 6172.66mu dryland, 7547.54rnu forest, 1859mu orchards, 5334.14mu waste and other 14mu. The whole fannland totals to 11676.81mu.The removal of all buildings will be 57104 M2 and 1253 wire poles. Seen in Table 4-1-1 and Table 4-1-2. Table4-1-1 Land Acquisitionalong the ProposedHighway (mu) site length(km) aridland Irrigated slopingfield Waste forest subtotal Hechi city -29.982 200.41 496.22 101.3 788.43 485.62 2071.98 Duan 82.150 1693.17 963.27 118.56 2074.8 1219.34 6069.11 Mashan 37.65 1321.39 1175.12 118.84 324.18 1163.38 4102.91 Wuming 60.770 2563.83 785.18 167.07 932.83 3157.35 7606.26 Nanning 27.469 393.86 223.8 512.62 1213.9 1521.85 3866.63 total ______6172.66 2643.59 1018.39 5334.14 7547.54 24250.1

41 Table 4-1-2 Land Acquisition,Removal Quato along the Proposed Hichway type } Shuiren- Daxing- Duan- total remark Daxing Duan Nanning land acquisition mu 5696 1299 17255.1 24250.1 including 5334.14mu wasteland removal m 18042 8952 30110 57104 wire pole kmn/ 72.98/556 15.93/123 67.4/574 156.31/253 1 including electric wires

Land acquisitionand removal are first taken in account when the design unit ensure the aligninent as that has direct and inmnediateinterests with local people. To make all relevant principles and laws public should be stepped first before fulfillment. The agreement presents that the land acquisition, removal and resettlementwill be carried out by the local governmenit,which will be running smoothly and available for some other preparationsfor the operation.The local government and people are active and looking forward to the improvementof local transportationand living levels. It is not a problem for them to supply a good construction environment, but the highway units need to have a good cooperation with the local government, to harmonize the resolution occurred in highway construction, so as to assure the easy operation of the construction. In the section from Duan to Mashan, they are very short of farming land in some villages, averaging 0.3[:0.6mu/person, (referred in attached table 1). All the land are infertile, rather low in production. While in removal, they will be supportedwith cultivation for a better life.

4.1.4.2 Impact of Disruption The section between Shuiren to Duan will be built by grade two criterion, Duan-Nanningsection by grade one, all of which adopt level crossing, not enclosed under full access control. As the control will bring some inconvenience to local production and life on both sides, mitigative measures as the designing of separationis considered in the feasibilityplan are shown in table 4-1-3. The toal length of DuanONanning Section is 140.733km.All the passing bridges are not considered in the table, on the route, almost one passage exists every 700m lon,g, which will ensure the regular production and living for local people. The operationafter constructionwill surely be convinent for the local communications and going out. The ShuirenODuanSection will be designed accordingto class- two standards. Since most of the villages are located at the foot of slopes or mountains, the villagers will be disrupted by the high dams of highway embankments.(Bama village & Xiata village). So, all the impacted villages are designed with passages and culverts in order to ensure local production and flood discharge. Table 4-1-3 TrafficSeparation Statistics Along the Route type Shuiren- .Daxing- Duan- total remark Daxing Duan Nanning interchange set 0 0 6 6 grade set 0 0 . 24 24 including pedestrian fly-overs separation passage set 168 168 peop=.e,vehiclesand animalsgo through cluvert 227 116 637 980 levelcrossing 20 4 24 =-

4.1.4.3 Function of Highway for Local Economics The completion of the highway project will add another south-north corridor in transportation and economy in Guangxi province. That will be a strong foundation to realize the local developmentplans of the counties along the route. The highway will be one part of the national highway network, linking up the main cities, economic centers, traffic hubs and extemal ports with that of Guangxi. The further information and commercial exchange will enhance the national economic and social development in such poor areas as Mashan and Duan.

4.1.4.4 CoordinationAnalysis between the Proposed Highway and Town Planning The design unit was heeding the opinions of the local governments when locating, and tried their best to fit in with the local town planning. The recommendedplan agrees to the local suggestions on the whole after the consultation of local governments and people. Because of that, the highway planning has little disturbance to local town planning. (1) The proposed highway will go at the section of Hechi city along mountain slopes or hills. It connects the currently building high-grade expressway of Liuzhai- via Shuiren. Both the

42 highway plans and the Hechi town plan are conformed with, which means that the highway constructionmeets the need of its general development planning. (2) The highway goes at the edge of mountains and the Duan Economic Exploitation Zone. After the consultation with local government, the Duan interchange will be located approaching the Zone, which will promote the economic development and minimize the ill impact to the town planning. (3) There will be an interchange at Badu, connecting with the Mashan town proper by 5km in distance. It is accepted by Mashan County. (4) The highway avoids its economicexploitation zone. At the edge of it, there will be a interchange, which is active for the local development. (5) The sections crossing Nanning City have been involved in the city planning, fitting in with the overall development program of Nanning. Accordingly, the proposed highway construction agrees basically with the local planning along the route. It is perspective for the further economicdevelopment.

4.1.4.5 The Agreement and ImpactAnalysis on both the Highway and the Current Roadwork The overall arrangement presents that the northOsouth highway meets in the south the rotary road around Nanning city (Xijing-Sanansection as one of the rotary part), Liuzhai-Liuzhouroad in the north and cross the national trunk line No 210 many time along the road. In this way, the distance between Liuzhai-Nanning via Liuzhou will be reduced some 100 kin, which will complete greatly the local roadwork and decrease the serious traffic accident rate on No 210. The highway will better the traffic environment and bring evident social benefit.

4.1.4.6 Impact Analysis on Agriculture 1.Permnent land-taken influence It is a complex impact on agriculture from the highway project, involving in social economics and ecology.First, the highway construction will take some farming land etemally,impacting the irrigation system. The land occupation will deprive of production capability, which will be a great loss to the local agriculture. The total farmland will be taken by 11676.81mu (in the recommendedplan). Seen in table 4-1-4 about the land varieties. Table4-1-4 Typesof Land to be Occupiedalong) Shui-Nand Highway irri. land arid land sugarcane orchard vegetable forest barnboo wastelan fish pond ______field grove d Hechi 496.22 200.41 91.24 485.62 1.69 668.81 8.37 Duan 936.27 1430.88 257.02 29.09 5.27 1219.34 4.19 1784.41 85.28 Mashan 1175.12 1171.21 126.37 198.91 23.81 1163.38 28.64 324.18 90.02 Wuming 785.18 1407.47 1140.49 1174.72 14.08 1982.63 40.29 432.83 124.99 Nanning 223.8 306.59 21.16 365.39 66.11 1156.46 24.4 1209.6 488.32 total 3643.59 4516.56 1545.04 1859.35 109.27 6007.43 99.21 4950.45 796.88

Guanxi province has a suitable geography and climate for crops of many varieties. Along the route, irrigated and rice lands are dominant with high per hectare yield. In Duan County, more hills the flat land occur, mostly arid land in poor quality on slopes. It averages 0.4C10.6muland per pelson in some villages. The lost land taken by the highway means a great loss of local productivity. The yearly damage in agriculture will be 7.473m RMB yuan if accounting for 400kg per mu yield by 1.6 yuan/kg. 2.Temporary land-taking influence The temporary land-taking influence only occurs at the phase of construction. Some land will be used as carrying bypass, camps, spoil and borrovv sites, mixing sites etc. Mostly wastlard are first choice to be taken, 3222.75mu in total along the route, including 399.47mu farmland, 1295.28mu dryland, 228.4 mu sugarcane field, 61.85mu orchard, 2.5mu vegetable plot, 605mu forest, 610.8mu wasteland and 19.45mu fish pond. The temporary land-taking will also bring out some impact on business along the route. The land to be taken will be lasting for 4 years before its fully fimction recovery. At that time, the local land economic income can be retumed. The only lucky thing is that most spoil sites are chosen at waste velleys, where is always short of farmland at the sections between Shuiren and Daxing. New farmland can be invented by the filling of spoil in velleys, all of which can be carried out at the first stage of designing and construction.

43 Accordingly, there is a slight impact for the temporary land taking, and some waste land to be spoiled will supplies some new farmland for the local areas. After operation, the road dust will be reduced for the grading road level, which will regulate the growth of crops instead of previous influence on crops and photosynthesisof leaves because of dusting from general roads. Lead particles out of tail gas will accumulate to some extent. But, the non-lead gas usage will change totally the feature factor of lead particles as one of road pollution.

4.1.4.7 Impact on Local Income and Living Conditions The externalland to be taken will be 24250.1 mu, The highway erLgineeringwill take the farmland of 11676.81mu. The agricultural loss can be counted as: the total 3926t crops of 400kg per mu yield on 9814.46mu farmland will be lost, nor will 7.473myuan for the loss of selling by 1600 yuan/t. Also the loss in ponds of fish, lot us root and forest -land will be proportiona]lin the total. It is shown in table 4- 1-4. The temporaryuse of land for borrow sites, construction camps, mixing sites and detour roads will last for about four years until it is used for reclamationto the farmers. The buildings for temporary use will also be granted to the farmers to help them in increasingtheir income. The area along the route is rich in agriculture and stock breeding. The improvement of traffics and investmentenvironment for the constructionof the highway will increasethe values of the land, which will irritate local commercial development and promote unit yield. The construction of highway will enable the timely export of agricultural and subsidiaryproducts as well as fresh aquatic products. The benefit received by local peasants will exceed the outputvalues from land occupation. During construction, some local peasants can be employees, organized by the local governments. That brings them some more income. After operation, the cultivation, supported from removal in the project, will be on the process of gaining, which will play a role in local poverty relief

4.1.4.8 Impact Analysis on Scenery and Cultural Relics The highway area has a long history, with beautiful mountains and rivers. The construction of highway will influence local tourism on both sides. Advantageously,the fast highway transportation will promote local tourism; disadvantageously,some possible resorts and relics approaching the highway will be in damage. Within 200m, no key relics signs have been found during surveying and exploration, which means no obvious ill impact on local resorts and relics along the route. If some new remains or relics, particularly some cultural relics underground, are discovered during surveying and construction, protection measures must be taken as the first step before timely report to local units of cultural relics preservation.They will deal with it accordingto the law of the state relics protection. Neighboring the Yilingyan, there is an exit to be left on the proposed highway for the convenient access of more visitors to the resort.

4.1.4.9 Removal and Resettlement Analysis (1) Adverse impact of Removal: 1) Most houses to be removed are living houses of local people, who have been in their hometown for years. They will move to approachingvillages because of the highway construction.The conversion of surroundings,including the relationship among neighbors, drinking water, shopping etc., will bring them some inconvenience and disturbance. 2) The removing households maybe not satisfied with the new houses or the compensation sum not as they expected, all of which will lead to some increase of instability factors. In the recommended plan, the main buildings to be removed along the line will cover 57104 in2 , the removal of 443 households, about 2099 personel, all of which will be resettled in their own villages. That is in step with the willing of local people. (2) Suggestions for Resettlemen and Removal The resettlement in the project can be organized under the provincial Communications Dept. while the local city and county governments as well as the traffic bureaus in charge of land acquisition, settlement, removal of buildings etc. In principal, all the removing households will be resettled in their own villages, 200m out of the highway. All the removing households will be under compensation in accordance with relevant rules, and resettled under the criterion of local plan.

44 According to the public participation and inquiry, the resident removal and resettlemLentcan be well arranged with the.effort of both the construction units and local governments. (3) Measures and Impact Analysis on Project Removal and Resettlement The removal and resettlement in the project will take the following principles. 1) All people to be impacted participate in the whole procedure and their willings will be taken into account fully. 2) The house compensationwill be counted by resettlementprices instead of replacement. 3) The buildings to be impacted will be demolished and rebuilt by their owners, while special labour help and subsidies are provided. 4) Try to resettle at their own villages. 5) Resettlementplan will be drawn out and carried out strictly. All the measures are indentical with we have surveyed along the route, which are suitable for the local needs. Furthermore, The implementation of the speical removal and resettlement operation plan will surely reduce the impact to a minimum

4.1.4. 10 Safety The safety impact presents in two phases of constructionand operation. 1. Impact in phase of Construction Workers and local people are most concerned for the safety influence during construction.The main unsafe factors for workers lie with bridge building, cliff blasting. On the process of tender invitation,all the units to be invited for such sections as bridge building and cutting sections at heavy hilly areas must be with high quality and rich experience. Stricl operation rules are to be defined in the contracts. In doing so, the safety of workers can be ensured. Local people, mostly pedestrains, are easily harmed when passing through the blasting site or walking on unbuilt bridges. Supervision during blasting and prohibition of entrance in bridgeObuilding sites are needed. The second group of local people means such living approaching the blasting sites, as they donot resettle because of no impact of land taking. When blasting, they are in danger, most people at Hechi- Daxing section. The construction unit are determinedto give them some temporary allowance for their living in their relatives only in blasting period. At such period, their houses will be supervised to ensure its completion before they can go back home after the dangerous days. 2. Impact in phase of Operation The existing Shuiren-Nanning section is one part of No.210 inside Guangxi province, lasting 283km. Most of the part are in class 3 or 4 or out of class except the 37km class 2 section between Nanning and Wuming. The most part, with steep slopes and sudden turns, turning into crowded towns, are frequent for traffic accidents. When we were surveying at the spot, two severe accident occured. The local traffic institutions told us that there would be more accident in rainy days. The completion of the highway, with good quality and detour of crowded towns, will decrease surely the traffic accidents as well as the economic damage from them. One thing must be taken a notice that the Shuiren-Duan section will be in class -2, no enclosed, vehicles on this road are possibly speeding, which will increase the possibility of accidents at neighbouring towns and villages. They can be avoided by the following management and publicizing: 1) set up obvious sign boards, especially at some school sites; 2) give public along the route, not acrossing the road; 3) strengthen the basement. 15m basement instead of common 12m for class 2 highway can play a role in reduction of traffic accidents. In 4.3.4, some chemical risks are analysed on Shui-Nan highway, which shows that the accident probability from dangerous articles (including oils, fertilizers, insecticides etc) in year 2024 is forcast as 0.19 times annually. It is a very low probability.

4.1.5 Summary Above all, the highway project contains good social and economic benefits. In the preOconstruction phase, the construction units will do a good job, cooperating with local planning units in dealing with all policies .of removal and resettlement, so,cial and economic impacts on land acquisition, interinfluence with the economic zones and destruction of vegetation and scenery. During construction and operation, management and publicity will be strengthened in order to ensure the easy transport and less traffic accidents. In a word, the giant social and economic benefits of the project present the necessity and feasibility of the highway construction.

45 4.2 Predictionand Assessment of EcologicalEnvironment Imipact

4.2.1 Prediction and Assessment of Soil and Crops Quality Impact 4.2.1.1 Calculationof Annual Lead Emission Source Strength The annual lead discharge source strength obtained from the followiingfornula: 365qP F =;I;, -N b,J, (4.1) G where: J,- average gas assumption for i-typedvehicle(L/Km); Pb,-lead content in vehicle gas (average value:0.14g/L); fl- pipe emission rate, generally as 75%; N,- day traffics for i-typed vehicles; P-lead particle settlement within the assessmentscope on both sides of the highway, generally as 60%; G- quality of farming layer soil within I km of both sides, generally as 8.96* 107kg; i-small, med- and large-sizedvehicles; 365- number of a years.

4.2.1.2 PredictionCalculation of Lead Concentrationsin Soil The lead content prediction at measuring sites follows the above formula (4.2), the results of which are shown in table 4-2-1. n W.= Bo + K Rji-tK'' (4.2) 1=1 Where: W,-lead accumulationat layer A in year i after operation,(mg/kg); K-lead residue (%) in soil, taking K=0.95; Bo-lead content background value at layer A of soil (mg/kg); Ri-lead import in soil in year i (mg/kg);

Table 4-2-1 shows the predictions of soil lead contents at different sections, under different traffics and in different prediction years. All illustrate that lead contents on both sides of soils increase with the increase of traffics after operation, at Duan-Hechi section, for examlple,the current lead background value as 40.584mg/kg up to 41.025mg/kg in 2006, 43.118mg/kgin 2014, 44.26mg/kg in 2024. The lead particles from exhaust gas will bring some pollution to the soil along the route. Meanwhile, the increase of traffics accumulates soil lead very slowly and it will be even slower with the improvement of non-lead vehicles in wide use. In comparison with the predictions and assessment standard values (250-350mg/kg), a conclusion can be made that the increase of traffics in operation phase will not lead to lead pollution on soil and crops on both sides of the highway. One thing to make clear is that in China non-lead gas is in use. In the operation year 2004, nonlead gas will be very popular, which means a very slight impact from lead exists . Table4-2-1 Lead Content Predictionsin Soil of BothSides along the Highway -_ year NanningElWuming WumingCIMashan _MashanODuan DuanDShuiren background 25.729 33.686 34.568 40.584 value __I ______exhaust/veh.a . 0.0000511 (mg/kg) __ _ annual lead 2006 0.38 0.25 0.22 0.18 input (kg/mg) 2014 0.73 0.59 0.56 0.38 2024 0.91 0.82 0.80 0.51 soil lead 2006 26.660 34.300 35.107 41.025 accumulation 2014 30.306 37.620 38.303 43.118 (mg/kg) 2024 32.300 39.606 _ 40.344 44.266

4.2.1.3 ImpActAnalysis on Crops By the experiment of pot rice and wheat planting in 1987-1988 at Xiashu and Yutan of Jiangsu province, the lead input from 125 to 4000ppm leads to no evident influence on rice yield as well as wheat yield from 125 to 2000ppm. The experiment also shows that the lead adoption for rice and wheat increases with the higher Pb concentration in soil. When its kernels reach Ippm, the soil lead content takes 2000-3000ppm. Therefore, the proposed highway construction will not lead to lead pollution on

46 crops along the highway and even less impact with the wide spread and use of non-lead gas. The grape and pomegranate sampling analysis by Xian Highway Univ. at the National Trunk No 310 and at Guanting-Lingtongsection of Xi-Ling Expressway in Shaanxi shows that the lead content in fruits are lower than 0.2ppm, which means the light lead impact on fruits along the route. The test also points out that the dust on leaf of neighboring plants are evidently lower than that of general roads, which means the less impact on plant growth from traffic dust. Therefore, the proposed highway will have slight influence on the fruit output and quality such as banana and longan.

4.2.2 Soil ErosionPrediction Assessment

4.2.2.1 Soil Erosion Prediction Model The highway area is under sub-tropic monsoon climate, with rich rainfall and mild temperature.In general, it has less soil erosion and following destruction in the highway counties and cities. But, the proposed highway will under construction lasting 4 years (200022004), with large stone and earth works, the roadway excavation taking 24250 mu of farmland. Soil erosion in some degree will occur in rainy seasons before it can only be controlled and recovered in completion of drainage system, bank protection and vegetation works. The soil erosion during construction can be predicted by the current equation, addressedby the US Ministry of Agriculture as the following model: A= R-K Ls C P (4.3) where: A-soil erosion volume, t/km2.a; R- rainfall erosion factor; K-soil erosion factor; Ls-grade length, grade factors; C-:cover and managementfactors; P-soil conservation factors.

4.2.2.2 Summary of Soil Erosion Impact R in the formula 4.3 means the water erosion dynamic factor, having something to do with rainfall and rain precipitation and rainfall intensity. It varies none before and after the highway construction.K: soil susceptibility against erosion, which has some relation with soil particles and organic contents. There are some crumb structure and medium percolation rate for the surface layer of farming land, then its K value less than 0.4; the surface-under soil presents as blocky and laminated structure, with a medium-lower percolation, the then K value between 0.42 and 0.46. Ls as grade length and grade factors are called together geographical factor, calculated as the following way. LS=(A/22.13)m(65.4Asin29+4.56sinB+0.065) where:A-grade length from runoff point to where the slope sank to be sediment of sand or runoff into wateircourses (m). Prior to construction:A= 50m, generally embankment 3-4m high andA=6mfrom pavement to drainage. 6-slope angles, e=I Obefore0 the construction and e =34°after for the embankment angels; m-empirical parameters. When 8 =10°, m=0.5; when6=34°, m=0.8 By calculation,LS=4.574 prior to construction,LS=8.621 at embankment after construction. The surface coverage factor C are taken from table 4-2-2 and 4-2-3. When no coverage on the surface, C=1.0 as continuos free land, C=0.5 prior to construction and C=1.0 during construction, the vegetation-destructionperiod. P values at work sites takes from table 4-2-4, P=0.7 for the farmland and terraced field prior to highway construction, P=1.0 for the irregulated face by bulldozer and scraper dozer. The calculation of soil erosion are shown in table 4-2-5. It is 5.7 times larger than that before the construction and the potential erosion intensity will reach the extreme level (80-150tlha.a). The 4-year lasting construction will pass through several rainy seasons, resulting in unavoidable soil erosion. In pavement construction phase, 3372.95x104 m3 earth and stone works will be in use, which will damage surface vegetation as well as the previous ground grade, disturbing the original stable surface. Meanwhile, the vegetation to be damaged can not be recovered immediately at the early stage of operation. The prevention and harnessment of soil erosion in highway construction must be taken into account. The construction units must follow the demands in PRC Water and Soil Conservation Law, to recover the vegetation at the same time of construction, to build up bank protection, drainage and retaining banks etc. during highway construction. In doing so, the control of soil erosion from highway

47 constructioncan be realized earlier. The concrete practice can be seen in chapter 5. 3-5 years after operation, thanks to the recoverage of vegetation and improvement of drainage, the soil erosion can be back to the former level as before construction. The grading of pavement and vegetation of highway both will minimize the soil erosion. TherefFore,the heavier erosion during constructionis temporary.

Table 4-2-2 C Level of Crops crops and management lC level fallowor waste land 1.0 herbageor beancultures 0.01 soon after sowingor harvesting 0.300.8 growingseason:crops 0.100.3 wheat 0.05D0.15 cotton 0.4 grass land 0.01

Table 4-2-3 C Level of DifferentKinds of Vegetation groundcoverage(%) vegetation 10 20 40 60 80 100 grass land 0.45 0.24 0.15 0.09 0.043 0.011 bushes 0.4 0.22 0.14 0.085 0.040 0.011 high trees and bushesmixed 0.39 0.20 0.11 0.06 0.027 0.007 thick forest I 0.10 0.08 0.06 0.02 0.004 0.001

Table4-2-4 P Level at the ConstructionSites types of construction sites = P level level Irregular and coarse ground surface by levelers or bulldozers 1.0 Loose ground surface by leveling _ 0.9 Smooth ground surface by compacting _ 0.7 Subgrade and pavement compacted by layer 0.1 Drainage and catchment ditches _ 0.6 Grit catchers and bars 0.4 Retaining walls 0.5350.8 onnnoo Table 4-2-5 Potential Soil Erosion in Construction Unit:T/Km2 NY counties or cities Nanning Wuming Mashan Duan Hechi City County County County City background level of soil erosion 220.8 215.7 268.5 368.5 450 predicted level in construction phase. 1248.8 1217.2 1518.6 2084.2 2545.2

The prediction of soil erosion in the construction phase is shown in Table4-2-5. From the table we can see that the extent of erosion during the construction is five times that before construction. The existing erosion module in Nanning, Wuming and Mashang is 200 t per squire km, but during construction, it is expected to be more than 1000 t per squire km. The module in both Duan and Hechi can reach as high as 2000 t per squire km (moderate erosion). TherefDre,it is essential to prevent and control the erosion during the construction.On completion of the alignment, the drainage systems and slope protection works will contribute to mitigation of the erosion. The erosion will be restored to the original level in two or three years time after it is put into operation. The erosion level will be alleviated due to the upgraded pavement and plantation on both sides of the highway. Therefore, the serious erosion during construction is temporary,and in the long-term, it will nmitigatethe erosion in the areas. The erosion mentioned above is resulted only from subgrade construction.The erosion resulted from borrow and spoil sites is not predicted, which is estimated to be the same or less than the former.

4.2.2.3 Earth and Stone Works for Subgrade The topography is complex with basins, plain light undulate areas or heavy hilly areas. In basin and plain light undulate areas, filling is more than cutting. The elevation of subgrade is expected to be about 3.5 m. There is both filling and cutting in heavy rolling areas with cutting in the lead. The construction will utilize material excavated from cut within the road-right- of-way for embankment fills. The amount of filling, cutting,utilization and borrow is shown in Table 4-2-6. When there is

48 shortage of earth and stone, they will be excavated from borrow pits and quarries nearby. It is not permitted to excavate earth or stones at both sides of the alignment sporatically.To do so will use much farmland or damage vegetation resulting in soil erosion.

4.2.3Analysis of Impactof Borrowon Environment

4.2.3.1 Distribution of Material and Haulage According to Chapter Two (See Annex tables), the areas along the proposed alignment are rich in road-making material with high quality of different kinds. All material except steel, timber and asphalt can be available in the construction areas. Earth pits and stone quarries are shown in Fig. 4-1. Earth is less along the proposed highway, especially at the section of Shuiren [Duan, so the earth for subgrade will be pitted on the site, but not from farmland.

4.2.3.2 Environmental Impact from Highway Borrowing Soil amount is sizable for the basement, especially for expressways. Shuiren-Duan section is under class-two and Duan-Nanning the expressway. All the spots the expressway passes at Mashan, Wuming and Nanning etc. are distributed with some mounds or small hills, with barren bushes on. All the mounds and hills can be sources for soil borrowing and they can be farmland after borrowing. It is favourable to local agriculture. The Shuiren-Duan section is mountainous, lack of soil. Only hills can be places for borrowing and no allowance of farmland borrowing is acceptecl.This section under class 2 is not badly needing soil, the plan soil amount as 200,000 m3 , which will take 90m farmland, 95% of which are slopes, dryland, grassland and forestry land. It leads to slight impact on local agriculture.

Fig. 4-1

49 Table 4-2-6 Balance of Earth/Stone Work of Embankment

station Length Cutting ( n3) filling (inl)

(km) total surplus total utilization borrow

cartb stone earth stonc earth stone earth stone earth stone

K96-000 24A1o 1931802 1959162 215702 1034096 26411666 1716100 925066

K120-100 _ _

Kl20-100 - 5.872 122us55 441499 40028 60027 1717016 1184427 381472 1251117 K 131-450

K131 450 - 32.298 1387519 3922844 103426 1318321 4660636 1294093 2604563 7772020

K163+748

K163+748: 30.552 138717 1005799 31122 158825 1890179 107595 846974 935628

K194-300 I-

K194+300- 14.950 355179 700545 451 218659 1230101 354728 481886 393487

K209+250 _ _

K209-250 2 37.650 3582500 2032175 119247 569904 5291445 3463218 1462277 365921

K246+900 0 _ _

K246+900 39.100 3919421 1541596 1113501 865602 4484760 2805960 675994 1002792

K286+000 _ _

K286+000: 21.564 1220764 556555 357223 106283 2547492 863541 450272 1233679 K307+670 I

K307-670 - 9.630 1989866 1301807 340111 2951562 1989866 961696 K317+300

K317+300: 17.839 1417446 477607 25366 2342701 1417466 452235 473020 K335+139 I _ Total -l,' 1780.17 1451.32 219.05 508.33 3045.56 561.381 942.98 541.45

4.2.3.3 Environmental Impact from Highway Spoils The spoil occurs mainly at Shuiren-Daxingsection. The class 2 highway has its plan spoil of earth as 210,000 m3 , of stone as 350,000 m3' all of which are to be put at suitable valleys and troughs with design of soil and water conservation. There is less,spoils of earth and stone at Daxing-Nanning section. Some low-lying places are chosen as spoil sites with design of water and soil conservation. Therefore, the spoil sites along Shui-Nanhighway will bring slight environrental impact. The filling of velleys and low-lying places with spoils is a good way to change the wasteland into farmland. The construction unit have made such plans in operation plan for the reduction of ill-impact from land- taking.

4.2.4 Impact on wild Animals and Plants

4.2.4.1 Analysis of Impact on Wild Animals In the territory of Guangxi Region there are some rare species of animals under protection of national level such as shinisaurus crocodilurus, white-headed laugur, yellow-belly tragopan. Due to frequent human activities and advanced farming, large wild animals are rarely found except in the mountainous areas in Duan and Hechi Counties. Large animals are: monkey, wild dog, boar, paguma larvata, muntjac, Rrinaceeus earopaeus, Manis pentadactyla, goat, otter and musk deer. Birds are; magpie, owl, cuokoo, Garrulax canorus, crow, conure and mandarin duck etc. There are some other wild reptiles and insects. By investigations,the project area are crowded for local people activities, that is why there seldom is wild animals, nor rare animals under state-level protecton. The proposed highway at Duan and Hechi sections adopt class 2 degree, not enclosed,which means a slight influence for local animal activities. So, nearly no impact exists to local wild animals. The construction workers will be trained to protect local animals and hunting is prohibited, although there are little influence on wild animals.

50 4.2.4.2 Short-termand Long-term VegetationChange The most obvious change of vegetation will occur during the construction due to damage to vegetation because of using large amount of land. In addition, within 20 m of the right-of-way will be damaged by human construction activities. The damage to vegetation varies due to different factors such as cutting, filling, ways of construction of bridges and subgrades. (1) Sections of filling Because the most sections are filling ones, the earth and stones mainly come from sections of cutting by transferring longitudinally.The rest comes from the local pits and quarries with a distance of 1 krm or more. At the filling sections, the damage to vegetation is resulted from construction machinery, transportation vehicles and human activities. In general, this kind of damage is considered destructive. But when the outside damage stops completely, the vegetation on either side will be likely to be restored to the original level. As a whole, in two years time in operation, the vegetation wrillbe restored basically. In fifteen years time, the vegetation cover will be much better than it used to be. (2) Section of cutting Most parts of the alignment of Hechi-Shuirensection from the north of Mashan county town to Duan County is mainly of heavy rolling areas. To build the embankkment,either filling or cutting is needed with the latter causing disturbance to the slope. As a result, vegetation will be destroyed, and large areas of exposure will occur. Thus the soil erosion will become more severe. Therefore, i.tis suggested that drainage ditches and mortar stone protection slopes be built at the places where the height of the cutting slope is above 8 m, and plantation will be made at smoother slopes. The vegetation is expected to be restored in second year after plantation.

4.2.5 Impact on Ecosystem From the angle of biomass, 1,020,000 trees of different kinds will be cut down; 7797 mu of land will be used (excluding orchards), which will reduce the biomass along the alignment. However, the physico-chemical properties will not change for the worse due to many factors such as extensive farming, developed artificial ecosystem, complete irrigation systems, etc.After the highway put into operation, the plantation at the dividers and on the slopes will make up for the loss of the biomass. At some enclosed sections, both the native and artlificialgrasses will grow well, thus providing small animals and birds with habitats to increase biodiversity.The plantation will not only add to beauty to the scenery but also increase biodiversity to encourage farming production. Because of the fact that the alignment goes along hilly and high areas with w'ell developed vegetation, the constructionwill not have significant impact on the ecosystem along the road.

4.2.6 Impact of Poor Geology on the Project There are some weak soil layers in the rice fields at low lands. In addition, at the heavy undulate areas, the alignment passes through the areas with weak rocks and deep relic layers. Collapse and slide may happen during cutting. Besides, near Nanning, there is some expansion soil. To guarantee the quality of the project, appropriate engineering measures will be taken. See Table 4-2-7 for detail. Table 4-2-7 Sections of Poor Geology Station lengthof lengthof conditions measures weakrock weak earth section(m) section(m) K136+2500 100 residualclay slope retainingwalls at toes K136+350 K138+2000 550 fully weathered altite retainingwalls or protectionslopes at K138+750 causingcollapse toes K180+8000 4355 weak earth with a thickness sand bed, top load K185+115 of 0.7-l.5m BKI7s+t100 3248 weak earth with a thickness sand bed, top load BK178+350 of 1.5m BK183+6500 2520 weak earth with a thickness sand bed, top load K186+170 of l.5m K247+1400 60 possible colllapse caused by retaining walls or protection slopes at K247+200 weak rock duringcutting toes K248+0300 690 possible collapse caused by retaining walls or protection slopes at K248+720 weak rock duringcutting toes K249+1000 1550 possible collapse caused by retaining walls or protection slopes at K250+650 weak rock during cutting toes

51 K306+8000 800 possible collapse caused by retaining walls or protection slopes at K307+600 weak rock during cutting toes; K308+1507 2050 possible collapse caused by retaining walls or protection slopes at K3 10+200 weak rock during cutting toes K311+150 1150 possible collapse caused by retaining walls or protection K312+300 weakrock during cutting slopes at toes K313+500D 2450 possible collapse caused by retaining walls or protectionslopes at K315+950 weakrockduring cutting toes; K332+7500 2389 expansivesoil water-proof, humidity preservation, K335+139 modificationtreatment bed filling materials

4.2.7 Summary (1) From the result of analysis we know that the contents of lead in soil, com and vegetablesis below the standards, which means that they have not been pollutedby lead. (2) According to prediction, the lead contents in 2024 (long-term phase of operation) will reach about 39mg/kg with traffic volume increases. But it is still much below the assessment standards (250mg/kg). (3) 11,676mu of farmland will be occupied for the project, and this will have certain adverse impact on farming causing direct loss of 7.473 million yuan, especially in the mountainous areas of Duan County. (4) The project is expected to have certain impact on the natural landform and topographydue to the construction of embankmentsand tunnels disturbing the runoff and irrigation system. (5) The geologically poor sections will have certain impact on the quality of the proposed project which must be paid attention to in designing and construction.

4.3 PredictionAssessment of Impacton WaterEnvironment The pollution to water environment during operation comes mainly from vehicular exhaust emissions as well domestic and oily sewage from the service centers of the high-class highways. During the construction phase the pollution mainly comes frorn the domestic sewage of the construction workers. 4.3.1 PollutionPrediction of SurfaceRunoff (1) Analysis of pollution sources of surface runoff 1 Pollutant concentrationsof surface runoff There are lots of factors affecting pollution of runoff taking in precipitation, period of rainfall, pollution extent of air related to the pavement, width of pavement etc. All these factors vary greatly. Based on the data collected and results monitored, the pollutant concentrationsare shown in Table 4-3- 1. Table4-3-1 ConcentrationsOf RunoffPollutants item PH CODcr(mg/l) oil(mg/I) Pb(mg/l) SS(mg/l) averagein 120mof runoff 7.4 107 7.0 0.19 221

[ Run-off of Road Surface The average precipitation is 120001900 mm in the study areas. Considering the alignment, landform, locations of rivers to the proposed highway, the length of the sections affected by surface water and the runoff is shown in Table4-3-2. Table4-3-2 PavementRunoff Place Shuiren Diao Chenghe Hong shui Nada Wuming Reservoir River River River Reservoir River item length of catchmentpavement 2800 800 8000 500 2500 300 length of catchmentpavement 9 9 9 24.5 24.5 24.5 areaof catchment(m) 25200 7200 7200 12250 61250 7350 precipitation(mmJd) 280 280 299 299 360 360 runoffcoefficient 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 runoff(m'lh) 264.6 75.6 807.3 137. 826.9 99.2

(2) Pollution Prediction of Pavement Runoff

52 Based on the related locations of highway to the surface water (crossing or going along), the run-off will be predicted using different models respectively. C Diaojiang River and the Hongshui River The relationship of the proposed project to the two rivers is vertical crossing. Most runoff from the bridge pavement runs into the water bodies with some drained into the drainage ditches at the two ends of bridges. The pollution of the pavement runoff in the early period can be predicted by using the completely mixed model considering the less degradation of the pollutants in the runoff. The model is as follows: QICI+QoCo C = 4(4.4) Qi+Qo where: C-concentrations of pollutants at predictioncross sections, mg/I; Q -River capacity m3/s in dry season; Qo-Polluted runoff, m3 /s; C,-Background concentrationsof certain pollutants in the river, mg/I; CO- Concentrationsof certain pollutantsof pavement runoff,mg/l.

The results are in Table 4-3-3.

Table 4-3-3 Prediction Of Impact Of First IRunoffOf Pavement On Water in Diao & Hongshui Rivers I items DiaoRiver HongshuiRiver backgrourd prediction increment background prediction jincrement CODcr 40 40.69 0.69i 5 5.02 0.02 oil 1.52 1.56 0.045 0.025 0.026 (6.001 Pb 0.21 0.211 0.00C 0.02 0.02004 0.00004 Note: unit mg/I.The capacityof the Diao Riverin the dry season is 3.24 m'/s; that of HongshuiRiver is 203 m' /s.

C The Chenghe River The alignment goes on either side of the river from Jioutun to Jiangpo (K 165 +000 OK170 + 700) in the vicinity totaling eight km (Kl 63 - 171). The model for pollution of runoff is as follows: QtCI + nqoC0 C = =_(4.5) _ Q1nqo where: C- Pollutant concentrations at predictioncross section, mg/I; Qr- River capacity in the dry season, m3/s; Qo-Runoff of i outlet on the parallel section, m3/s; Co-Pollutant concentrations in the rain on pavement, mg/I; n- Number of outlets in use; (the number of outlets in two hours in the river)

The model shows the general effect of n outlets on the completely mixed section when the alignment is parallel to the river. (Applies to the narrow rivers) According to Electri.cityBook of Duan County,the max. Capacity of Cheng River is 790 m3/s, while the min. one is 1.31 m3/s; the speed is I m/s. The effect of effective outlets of runoff on downstream is shown in Table 4-3-4. Table 4-3-4 Preciction of Impact of Pavement Runoff on Water in Chena River (mg/1) items _ background prediction incr.rnet CODcr 5 21.5 16.5 oil 0.025 I.105 1.08 Pb 0.02 0.049 0.029

Table 4-34 shows that in the early stage, the runoff has very significant impact on the water quality in Cheng River in a very short time, and lasts for a short while (4 hours). The data in Table 4-3-4 is its peak level with the concentration variation distributedevenly. Table 4-3-4 also shows that at the early stage of runoff, the water quality is about Class 4 in GB 3838-88. Although the Cheng River is the water source for Duan County, the proposed highway will not have noticeable effect on the water quality due to the fact that the runoff outlet is 20 km apart, and that the river has its own effective selfOpurificationability.

53 CShuiren Reservoirand Nada Reservoir KOH C = Coexp(- r2) (4.6) 2q where:e-Diffusion angle of runoff in reservoir,ETr; H-Diffusion depth of runoff,m; r-Distance of outlet to prediction location, m; K-Self-purification coefficient(l/d); q-Flow of runoff, rn/s; Co- Pollutant concentrationsin runoff, mg/I.

Depth of diffusion is taken as 2m; distance of outlet as 200m. The effect of both reservoirson water quality is shown in Fig. 4-2 OFig. 4-5. From Fig. 4-2 and 4-3 we can see that in Shuiren Reservoir at the early period of runoff (within 2 hours), within 50 m from either side the water is polluted by COD; within 100mpolluted by oil. Fig. 4-4 and 4-5 show that in Nada Reservoir in the early period of runoff within 100 m the water is polluted by COD; within 200m by oil. The lead emitted by motor vehicles deposits along with mud and sand. Leadifree petrol will be used in thienear future, so it will be of no problem. The effect of runoff on the water quality in both reservoirs is expected to be shortlterm and intermittent.

4.3.2 Impact Analysis of Sewage from Service Center There will be two service centers according to the feasibilitystudy report. For the lack of the data of the auxiliary faci]ities,it is difficult to calculate pollution extent at the service centers. Therefore,what we can do now is just to estimate the pollution extent based on the information available and our experiences. 1) One service center is supposed with stores, hotels and restaurants. There supposed to have: 35 management staff members, 25 workers of filling stationsand repair shtopsand 400 passengers(most of them stay only for a short time). Counting with the sewage volume as 200L per day per capital, the total domestic sewage will be 92m3 taking in sewage from restaurants, offices, bathrooms and faeces. Suppose the concentrationsof COD = 500mg/l, BOD5 = 220 mg/l, oil = 100 mg/I, then the source of pollutants: COD = 46kg/d, BOD5 = 20.4 kg/d, oil = 8.8 kg/d. 2) Car washing water: In 2020 in operation phase, the predicted traffic volume is 16200/d. The number of cars that need washing is supposed to be 2%, 292 cars will be washed every day. If 400 1 of water is used with 70% recycled, the drainage will be 35m3/d. The pollution emission rate will be: COD = 7 kg/d, BOD5 = 2.3 kg/d, oil = 1.05 kg /d. 3) The pollution emission at the filling stations and repair shops is estimated: COD = 12kg/d, BOD5 = 5kg/d, oil = 4kg/d. Put together, the pollution resource extent: COD = 65/d, BOD5 = 24.7kg/d, oil = 13.82kg/d.The annual emission: 23.73t of COD, 9.02t of BOD5, 5.06t of oil. Therefore, the sewage can not be emitted before dealt with. It is suggested that the sewage at the centers be treated comprehensively. Car washing water must be recycled to satisfy class-one emission standard in GB 8978088. Sewage treatment procedures at the service centers will adopt secondary biological treatment procedure. The procedure is as follows:

sewage I septic tank small sewage processor

4.3.3 Analysis of Water Pollution in Construction Phase The pollutant sources during the construction may be: 1) The water in the river may be turbid due to mud excavation and material washing during bridge construction. To prevent it from happening, drop shaft sinking and cofferdam methods and other advanced techniques will be used in construction.

54 Fig. 4-2,4-5

55 2) The domesticsewage dunrngthe constructionwill be dealt with properly. Feces, after treated, can be used as manure for farming. Both the sewage and feces will not be allowed to be emitted into the river without disposal. 3) Leakageof oil and waste oil will not be dischargedinto the river. 4) Material such as asphalt, oil, chemicals will be kept in a proper way to prevent them from running into rivers with rain.Because it is difficult to make qualitative prediction of the effect factors, preventive measures will be carried out, and management will be strengthened in advance to reduce potential impact on water bodies.

4.3.4 RiskAnalysis of HazardousMaterial Spill It is inevitableto transport toxic and hazardousgoods by using the new highway when completed. Its risk analysis is as follows: n P n Qi =QIxQ2xQ3XQ4XQSXQ6 (4.7)

where, P-Probability of risk in the water areas in the predicted years; Ql- Probabilityof severe accidents at present, (time/millionv.km); Q2- Absolute annual traffic volume in the predicted year,(millionv./y) Q3- Reductionrate of accident of expressway,(%); Q4- Ratio of trucks to total traffic volume (%); Qs- Ratio of trucks carrying hazardous goods (%); Q6- Length of section along the river, km. The value of parametersin the model: Q,- With reference of the probabilityof the traffic accidents in the similar Areas; Q,=0.17 time/million v.km; Q2- According to the predicted traffic volume, the traffic volume in 2010 is 2.6 million/y,in 2020 it is 5.8 million /y;

Q3-According to the American data, the rate of accident reduction of expresswayis 75%; Q3 = 25%; Q4- According to the OD investigationof the feasibility study report, Q4=59%; Qs-According to the OD investigation of the feasibility study, the vehicles carrying hazardous goods accounts for 6.5% of the total Q6-Length of sections close to rivers and reservoirs, Q6=17.0km

The results are in Table 4-3-5. Table 4-3-5 shows lower probability of the traffic accidents that can cause water pollution, i.e. 0.085 times in 2014, 0.19 times in 2024, but the slight possibility may occur. Therefore, some necessary protective measures will be taken to protect the water bodies. Table4-3-5 RiskAnalysis of Spill of HazardousMaterial Transport year probability of traffic accidents (time/year) 2014 0.085 2024 0.19

4.3.5 Conclusionsand Suggestions The assessment results demonstrate that the water quality in all these rivers and reservoirs is similar. Except COD in Diao River exceeds class-three standard, the other itermsof indexes all satisfy Class-II standard. Therefore,the water quality belongs to Class-II, wich is fairly good. The results also show that the runoff in the early stage has minor impact on the water quality.But the runoff has certain effect on the water quality in Cheng River which is of short-term (for 2 hours), but with great increment. The runoff has certain effect on the water in both Shuiren and Nada Reservoirs. During the first two hours, within 200 m from the bank CODcr and oi[lin the water is in excess of the relevant standards of surface water. However, this kind of effect is decreased with time by natural diffusion and degradation.

4.4 ImpactPrediction and Assessmentof TrafficNoise

4.4.1 PredictionCalculation of TrafficNoise

56 4.4.1.1 Prediction Model (1) Prediction model of hourly equivalentacoustic level in daytime: Ni rO I-a Leq= LAi +IlOlg + Ilg( )3 + s (4.8) TV; r where: Leqi-Equivalent A acousticlevel of i kind vehicle at the monitoringspot,(dB); i=1,2,3,represent large, mediumand small (auto) vehicles; L Ai- Average A acoustic level at speeds of Vi at reference spots; (dB); T- Assessment time, taken as I hour; N i- Traffic volume of i kind vehicle, (v/h); V i-Speed of i kind vehicle, (km/h); ro--Distance from reference spot to driving line; r-Distance from prediction locationto driving line; a - Acoustic wave attenuation factors related to ground cover absorptance; 3 S-Attenuation of noise through sound barriers when travelingrelated ,(dB(A))O To the revised value of road properties,(dB);

(2) Prediction model of hourly equivalentacoustic level at night

N, ro ro a Leqi = LA,j+I Olg + l5t~) + 10lg C_)O + LIS -1_ 44 9) TV1 r r

The meaning of symbols the model is the same as above.

(3) Prediction model of ambient noise in the study areas: Leqi= I0 1 g(I o.lLeq30 1 o0ALCqC) (4.10) where: LeqC-Prediction level of traffic noise,(dB(A)); LeqB- Existing level of traffic noise,(dB(A))1I

4.4.1.2 Parameter Determination in Prediction Model (1) Traffic volume, speed, radiationnoise level and its revision 1. The traffic volume (Ni) is determined in Table 2-l.The proposed driving speed is 100 km/h (light rolling areas), 60 km (heavy rolling areas). See Table 4-4-2. Flow volume(Ni) The hourly flow volume of each section is shown in Table 4-4-1 based on the predicted level of traffic volume ( Table 2-1). Table 4-4-1 Prediction ofTraffic Volume unit:v/h section station class of highway typeof 2006 2014 2024 subgradewidth vehicle Nd Nn Nd Nn Nd Nn Shuiren K96+000 class-two in auto 62 33 123 66 145 79 O Duan 0 K194+300 heavy hilly medium 111 60 .219 119 260 141 areas, 15m large 85 46 168 91 200 108 total 258 139 510 276 605 328 Duan D K194+3000 expressway26m auto 97 27 174 49 212 59 Mashan K219+500 medium 174 49 312 88 379 106 large 133 37 240 67 290 82 total 404 113 726 204 881 247 Mashan K219+5000 expressway26m auto 138 39 249 70 307 86 0 K285+500 medium 248 70 446 125 549 154 Wuming large 190 53 342 96 421 118 total 576 162 1037 291 1277 358 Wuming K285+500 0 expressway26m auto 189 53 297 83 345 97 0 K335+139 medium 339 95 533 149 618 173 Nanning large 260 73 409 115 475 133 total 788 221 1239 - 347 1438 403 Note: 1. The flow ratio of large, mediumand auto is 27:48:35. 2.The flow ratio in daytime and at night is 100: 54 (ShuirenODuan);100:30 (Duan ONanning). 3. Nd-daytime;Nn-night

2. Driving speed (Vi) The driving speed on expressways is thought of as uniforn. The average speed is shown in Table 44-2.

57 3. Averageradiation noise level of vehicles(Lai) The radiation noise level is related with the speed, kinds of vehicles and properties of pavement. For this prediction,the model developed by Xian Highway University through many tests and analyses on high-class highways is adopted. See Table 4-4-2. No revision will be made in coarseness and slope degree for Shui-Nan Highway. Table 4-4-2 DrivingSpeed and Average Radial Noice Levels section station class of highway type of speed noise remarks vehicle (km/h) levels dB(A) Shuiren K96+000 class-two heavy auto 60 72.4 (I)Asphalt concrete pavement for D E hills areas medium 45 74.2 all sections; Duan K163+784 large 35 73.9 (2)Model for average radial noise K 163+784 class-two plain auto 80 76.6 level . [1 light hillyareas medium 60 79.5 Auto LA=12.60+33.65igV K 194+300 large 45 77.9 meduimLA=4.60+42. IOlgV Duan K194+300 expressway, auto 100 79.9 large LA=I 7.49+36.54lgV [] O plain light hilly medium so 84.7 Nanning K335+139 areas large 60 82.5

4. The additional attenuation varies with types of embankment, elevation of pavement to ground level, landform on either side of the highway and other factors. Therefore the attenuation will be calculated section by section.

4.4.2 Prediction of Traffic Noise The predicted traffic level of various section has been calculated in the light of traffic flow and flat type of embankment (without additional attenuation). See Table 4-4-3 which directly reflects the noise level on either side of Shui-Nan Highway.

Table 4-4-3 Predicted Traffic-noiseLevels about ShuiDNan Highway (Calculated acording Level Enbankment) Unit:l-eq(dB) section station year time distance from predicting point to road center(m)

______20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 Shuirem K96+000 2006 Ld 62.1 57.6 55.0 53.1 51.7 50.5 49.5 48.6 47.8 47.1 0 0 Ln 57.3 51.3 47.8 45.3 43.4 4 .8 40.4 39.3 38.3 37.3 Duan K163+784 2014 Ld 65.1 60.6 57.9 56.1 54.6 5:3.4 52.4 51.6 50.8 50.1 Ln 60.3 54.3 50.8 48.3 46.3 44.8 43.4 42.3 41.2 40.3 2024 Ld 66.9 61.3 58.7 56.8 55.4 54.2 53.2 52.3 51.5 50.9 Ln 61.1 55.0 51.5 49.0 47.1 45.5 44.2 43.0 42.0 41.1 K163+784 2006 Ld 65.6 61.1 58.5 56.6 55.1 53.9 52.9 52.1 51.3 50.6 0 Ln 60.8 54.8 51.3 48.8 46.8 45.2 43.9 42.7 41.7 40.8 K194+300 2014 Ld 68.6 64.1 61.4 59.5 58.1 56.9 55.9 55.0 54.3 53.6 Ln 63.8 57.8 54.2 51.7 49.8 48.2 46.9 45.7 44.7 43.8 2024 Ld 69.3 64.8 62.2 60.3 58.8 57.6 56.6 55.8 55.0 54.3 Ln 64.5 58.5 55.0 52.5 50.5 49.0 47.6 46.5 45.4 44.5 Duan K194+300 2006 Ld 71.1 66.6 64.0 62.1 60.7 59.5 58.5 57.6 56.8 56.1 0 0 Ln 63.5 57.5 53.9 51.4 49.5 47.9 46.6 45.4 44.4 43.5 Mashan K219+500 2014 Ld 73.7 69.1 66.5 64.7 63.2 62.0 61.0 60.1 59.4 58.7 Ln 66.0 60.0 56.5 54.0 52.1 50.5 49.1 48.0 47.0 46.0 2024 Ld 74.5 70.0 67.4 65.5 64.0 62.9 61.9 61.0 60.2 59.5 Ln 66.9 60.9 57.3 54.8 52.9 5.1.3 50.0 48.8 47.8 46.9 Mashan K219+500 2006 Ld 72.7 68.2 65.5 63.7 62.2 61.0 60.0 59.1 58.4 57.7 c 0 . Ln 65.0 59.0 55.5 53.0 S.1 49.5 48.1 47.0 46.0 45.0 Wuming K285+500 2014 Ld 75.2 70.7 68.1 66.2 64.8 63.6 62.6 61.7 60.9 60.2 Ln 67.6 61.6 58.0 55.5 53.6 52.0 50.7 49.5 48.5 47.6 2024 Ld 76.1 71.6 69.0 67.1 65.7 64.5 63.5 62.6 61.8 61.1

______Ln __ 68.5 62.5 58.9 56.4 54.5 52.9 51.6 50.4 49.4 48.5

58 Wuminig K285+500 2006 Ld 74.0 69.5 66.9 65.0 163.6 62 4 61.4 603 59.7 59.0 D Ln 66.4 60.4 56.9 54.4 52.4 50.8 49.5 48.3 47.3 46.4 Nanning K335+139 2014 Ld 76.1 71.6 69.0 67.1 65.6 64~4 63.4 62.6- 61.8 61.1 Ln 68.5 62.4 58.9 56,4 54.5 52.9 5 1.6 50.4 49A4 48.5 2024 Ld 76.9 72.3 69. 67.8 66.3 f65.264.2 63.3 62.5 61.9 - - li n 69.2 163.2 159.7 157.2 55.2 L53.6523 51.1 501 49.2

4.4.3 Assessmentof Impactof TrafficNoise

4.4.3.1Prediction Level of EnvironmentalNoise at SensitiveLocations The environmentalnoise in the operationphase at sensitivespots is obtainedby counting the predictedtraffic noisewith attenuationand its backgroundlevel. The environmentalnoise predictedat the residentialquarters is shiownin Annextable 6. The schools,villages and hospitalswith greatexcess of noiseare listedin Table4-4-4 and 4-4-5 respectively.

Table 4-4-4 Predicted Noise Levels and_ExcessAmount of Villages ExcessingStandard ______predJictedlevels & excess amount (Leq(dB)) remarks

0 D 020060 ~~~ 2014 2024

~- . Ld Ln Ld Ln Ld Ln 0.I 1 Hulu 43. 265 30 5 60.7 54.9 63.3 57.6 64.0 58.3 K110.350 I 0 0 2.16 0 3.3 ______2 Yangjiadian 56 280 25 2 61.0 55.8 64.0 58.8 64.7 59.6 minor removal in eng. K147+200 0 0.8 0 3.8 0 4.6 3 Keyang 36 152 25 1 61.0 55.8 64.0 58.8 64.7 59.6 minor retmovalin eng K150+700 0 0.8 0 3.8 0 4.6 4 Lantang 54 268 25 2 58.6 53.3 61.6 56.3 62.2 57.1 K(160+100 0 0 0 1.3 0 2.1 5 Baheng 30 130 50 5 59.9 53.1 62.7 56.0 63.5 56.8 K(164+350 0 011. 1.8- 6 Jiutun 243 102 50 5 59.9 53.1 62.71 56.0 63.5 56.8 K(164+700 8 0__ 0 0 1.0 0 1.8 7 Xiata 29 130 25 4 64.5 59.3 67.5 62.3 68.2 1 3. minor remro-valin eng. K(166+000 I 0 4.3 0 7.3 0 8.0o 8 Lashul 30 133 50 7 59.9 53.1 62.7 56.0 63.5 56.8 K(167+250 Th 0 0 1.0 0 1.8 9 Weizou 112 550 25 2 64.5 59.3 67.5 62.3 68.2 63.0 minor removal in eng. K(168+400 0 4.3 0 7.3 0 8.0 10 Jiangbo 55 208 40 3 61.1 54.8 64.1 57.8 64.8 58.5 K(170+600 0 0 0 2.8 0 3.5 ______11 Sale 25 120 25 1 64.5 59.3 67.5 62.3 68.2 63.0 minor removal in eng. K(171+800 I 0 4.3 0 7.3 0 8.0 ______12 Weicheng 54 185 25 5 62.7 57.4 65.6 60.4 66.3 61.1 minor removal in eng. K(173+650 0 2.4 0 5.4 0 6.1 ______13 Banrcal 93 450 25 4 64.5 59.3 67.51 62.3 68.2 63.0 minor Temovement in Kl176+200 T 4.3 0 7.3 0 8.0 eng. 14 Bayang 60 310 25 4 64.5 59.3- -67.5 62.3 68.2 163.0 minor iremovement in K(179+300 0 4.3 0 7.3 0 j8.0( eng. 15 Yazhuang 153 582 40 3 61.1 54.8 64.1 57.8 64.8 58.5 K182+100 I 0 0 2.8 0 3.5 ______16 Bama 15 610 25 2 64.5 59.3 67.5 62.3 68.2 63.0 minor removement in K(185+700 0 4.3 0 7.3 0 8.0 eng. 17 Bali 98 495 25 3 64.5 59.3 67.5 62.3 68.2 63.0 minor r-emovement in K186+750 ___ 4.3 0 7.3 0 8.0 eng. 18 Baicai 70 343 30 1 70.0 62.0 72.5 64.5 73.4 65.4 minor removement in K(194+400 0 -7.0 2.5 9.5 3.4 10.4 eng. T9 Oongpan 85 350 30 2 70.0 6. 725 64.5 73.4 65.4 minor removementin K(199+300 0 7.0 2.5 9.5 3.4 10.4 eng. 20 Bantan 58 276 40 3 66.7 57.5 69.1 60.8 70.0 60.9 K(206+750 0 2.5 0 5.0 0 5.9 21 BadK 111 567 50 1 65.3 55.7 67.8 58.3 68.7 59.1 1211+500 0 0.7 0 3.3 0 4.1 22 Duili 5 267 30 1 70.0 62.0 72.5 64.5 73.4 65.4 minor removement in K(211+500 eng.

59 0 1 7.0 2.5 9.5 3.4- 10.4 ______23 Baxing 97 278 30~ 1 70.0162.0 72.5 64.5 7:3.4 65 4 minor removemenit in K213+000 C_ 7.0 2.5 9.5 3.4 10.4d eng. 24 Dongren 84 480 30 6 60.3 52.3 62.7 54.7 6:3.6 55.6 K(215+000 T 0 0 0 0- 0.6 25 Lexu 42 222 30 6 60.3 52.3 62.7 5.4.7 6:3.6 55.6

K216+000 _ _ I__ 0 0 0 0 0 0.6 ______26 Liuzai 136 795 70 3 63.0 52.6 65.6 552 64 5.0

K(218+000 I I_ 0 0 0 0.2 0 1.0 ______27 Naliang 87 1 3061 60.3 52.3 62.7 54.7 6:3.6 55.6 minor removement in K(227 +600I ______0 0 0 0 0.6 eng. Note: 1. If the distance from the first row to the alignmentis less than the 25 m, it is consideredas 25 m (Shuren C Duan) and as 30 m (Duan C Nanning)- 2.Referencelocation is 1 m before the first row at an elevation of 1.2 m.

Table 4-4-4 continued ______CLpredicted levels & excess amounit(Leq(dB)) remarks

o ~~~~~~~~* 0 ~~~~~~~~~0C a ~~~~~C 0 < 200 2014 2024

5 ~~~ -S ~~~~~ Ld ILn Ld Ln L.d Ln

28 Dingqiao 78 420 90 3 63.0 52.1 65.5 54.51 66.4 55.4 K(230+800 .___0 0 0 0 0D 0.4 29- Tangya 65 352 30 7 60.5 52.4 63.0 55.0 63.9 55.9 minor removement in K(231+600 0 0 0 0 0D 09 eng 30 Neipai 44 2318 6*0 2 62.1 52.1 64.7 54.6 65.6 55.5 1(K236+300 0 0 0 0 05 0.5 31 Jiaochang 68 329 50 5 66.8 57.2 69.4 59.8 70.3 60.7 K(253+800 0 2.2 0 4.8 0.3 5.7 32 Nalang 41 201 40 1 68.2 59.0 70.7 61.1 T1E6 62.5 K(258+800 I__ 0 4.0 0.7 6.6 1.6 7.5 33 Maantun 80 5 63.7 53.0 66.2 55.5 67i.1 56.4 K(264+300 0 0 0 0.5 0 1.4 34 Dongqi 40 181 90 1. 63.0 52.1 65.5 54.5 66.4 55.4 K(265+50 *0 0 0 0 0D 0.4 35 Fulin 53 289 30 7 618 53.8 I63.8 55.8 64[.4 56.4 K(303+400 ___ h . 1.4

Table4-4-5 PredictedNoise Levels at Schoolsand Hospitail& Amountof Excess CLpredicted levels & excess amount (Leq(dB3)) remarks

a 2006 2014 2024 ~= ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ CD W= W ___~~C ~~ ~~~-o Ld Ui~~~ Ld Ln Ld L.n

1 Gonghua 158 25 16 51.1 45. 54.0 48.7 54.6 495.5 simple brick classroom K(99+650 building,barrier between 0 0 . . school and road,no pupil at I I - ~~~~night. 2 Banwang 10 100 -16 44.3 375 45.6 38.7 46.51 39. 1(135+900 0 0 0 0 C)-

3 Keli 109 80 1 53.1 45.3 56.1 48.3 56.8 49. K(146+500 0 0.3 1.1 3.3 1.8 4.0 4 Keyang 132 30 1 58.6 52.3 61.6 55.3 62.3 563.0 1(150+700 3.6 7.3 6.6 10.3 7.3 11.0- 5 Lintang 228 25 0 57.6 51.3 60.6 5.4.3 61.3 5:5.0 twoostorey classroom K(159+300 building,5m higher the road; 2.6 6.3 5.6 9.3 6.3 10. the 2dfor is the reference

6 Daxing 653 25 5 62.0 57.0 65.1 59.2 66.2 61.0 threecostorey classroom K(164+700 building,7m lower than the 7.0 120 0. 14.2 TT. 1. road; the 3rd floor is the reference 7 'Duan Bed 25 2 62.0 57.0 65.1 59.2 66.2 61.0 simple building. 3 rooms hospital 70 demolished; K(164+720 60 7.0 12.0 10.1 14.2 11.2 16.0 8 Weizou 150 20 3 63.6 5E.8 66.6 61.8 67.3 62.5 land acquisition and K168+400 - - resettlement in eng. 8.6138 11.6 16.8 123 17.0 9 Beishe 30 1 62.1 55.8 65.1 58.8 65.8 59.5 one floor house, no living K 170+800 pupil I I I 7.1 10.8 10.1 13.8 10.8 14.5

Table 4-4-5 continued predicted levels & excess amount (Leq(dB)) rernarks

;1X 3 °'- X2006 m 2014 2024

,, R CD Ld Ln Ld Ln Ld Ln

10 Jiangcheng 320 50 5 56.0 49.8 58.9 52.8 59.8 53.6 K173+650 - 1.0 4.E 3.9 7.8 4.8 8.6

11 Kangya 260 210 2 50.5 40.8 53.6 43.8 54.3 44.5 K(176+950 - - 0 0 0 0 0 0

12 Bianli :210 210 2 50.6 40.8 53.6 43.8 54.3 44.5 K187+050 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 Gucai 160 5 59.5 47.5 62.3 50.0 63.0 51.1 K202+500 4.5 2.5 7.3 5.0 8.0 6.1 14 Linjiang 150 40 10 63.6 54.5, 66.1 57.0 67.0 57.9 second floor K210+380 8.6 9.5 11.1 12.0 12.0 12.9

15 Lexu 350 240 51.1 41.5 53.7 43.0 54.5 43.9 hill in between' K216+000 0 0 0 0 0 0 16 Naliang 60 320 52.7 41.0 56.2 42.6 57.1 44.5 K227+500 _ __227+500 0 0 1.2 0 2.1 0 17 Qide 280 80 5 63.7 53.0 66.2 55.5 67.7 56.4 simple one0storey classroom K(264+200 _~~- _~ ~ 1._~ building K24_ 0 8.7 8.0 11.2 10.5 12.7 buidin 18 Yongning 235 230 +6 70.5 61.4 72.6 63.4 73.3 64.2 at interchange, impacted K317+100 19 . from 2 roads . . | _ 15~~~~~~~~~~T.-51I6.4 117.6 18.4 18.3 19.2 .

4.4.3.2 EIA of Traffic Noise 1. Residential areas in villages The ambient noise level in the operation phase in Table 4-4-4 shows: (1) The noise level at the residential centers in both short terrm(2006) and long term (2024) operation in daytime is consistent with class-four standards except for a minor places. No obvious impact on the acoustic environment has been found in daytime. (2) At night, however, the noise level exceeds to some extent. In short-term, 4 places are in excess by 5dB with the greatest being 7.0 dB; in medium-term, 13 places will be in excess by 5 dB with the greatest being 9.5 dB; in year 2024, 14 places will be in excess by 5dB with the greatest being 10.4dB. We know from Table 44-4 that the noise will disturb the residentswith sleep. 2. Schools and hospitals From Table 44-5, we can see that (1) In operation phase in daytime, the traffic noise will have some impact on teaching in the schools at Lintang, Daxing, Keyang, Baishe, Linjiang, Gucai and Qide, and Duan Hospital. 1Therefore,it is necessary that appropriate preventive measures be taken at these places. Yongning primary school is seriously beyond the standards, reaching 15dB in year 2006, mainly from the Nan-Wu class-two highway. At present time, it is under large impact on its teaching surroundings. Some prevention measures must be taken. (2) Although the noise level exceeds the standards at night, it does not interfere with the teaching

61 because there are not teaching activitiesat that time. (3) The project does have impact on one hospital (Duan), so engineeringmeasures are needed. (4) Weizou(K168+400)Primary School is Seriously beyond the standard in prediction, but it will be removed because the land is acquired by the project. (5) Noise pollution extent The percentage of the populationaffected by the traffic noise to the population as a whole is called noise pollution extent. Table 4-4-4 shows that in year 2024, 35 villages are in excess, from which 21 villages exceed the standards by more than 3.0dB conceming 4948 people of 1547 households. The actual people affected by noise are only about 1/8 that of the whole population in these villages (about 620 people). Based on calculation,the pollution extent is 1.7%. We can conclude that, as a whole, the proposed project has minor noise impact on the environrment.However, in order to minimize the impact, some noiseOmitigate measures are essentially needed at the sensitive locations suffering from noise pollution severely.

4.4.4 Impactof Noiseduring Construction Phase

4.4.4.1 Analysis of Noise Sources Noise sources mostly come from construction and haulage machinery including excavators, bulldozers, levelers, mixers and rollers. For their noise levels, see Table4-4-6. Table 4-4-6 Noise Levels of Machineryat DifferentDistances unit:dB(A) machinery 5m 1i0m 20m 40m 60m 80m 1OOm 150m 200m 300m loader 90 84 78 72 68.5 66 64 60.5 5 8 54.5 vibrationtype voller 86 80 74 68 64.5 62 60 56.5 54 50.5 bjlldozer 86 80 74 68 64.5 62 60 56.5 54 50.5 leveller 90 84 78 72 68.5 66 64 60.5 58 54.5 excavator 84 78 72 66 62.5 60 58 54.5 52 48.5 spreader 87 81 75 69 65.5 63 61 57.5 55 51.5 mixer 87 81 75 69 65.5 63 61 57.5 55 51.5 Note:The levels at a distanceof 5 m arethe actuallevels monitored.

4.4.4.2 Impact analysis on AcousticEnvironment in Constructionphase According to the noise standards for construction site borders, i(GB12523-90),the noise limit in daytime is 70-75 dB, 55dB at night. Table4-4-6 shows: 1. The noise levels of the machinery at 40 m beyond in daytime can meet the standards; at 200 m beyond at night. 2. Most villages in the study sections are beyond 40 m. So construction in daytime will not have noticeable impact on residents; however,at night it does. 3. 9 schools are located within 100mfrom the proposed alignment.The construction will affectthese schools in their teaching.

4.4.5 VibrationImpact Analysis of Construction Vibrationimpact occurs in constructionphase mostly. In construct:ionactivities, mechanical vibration will occur inevitably causing annoyanceor even harm to people. 1) Vibration in road construction Mechanical vibration in construction comes from vibrating type rollers, levelers, loaders and spreaders. At filling sections, both people and buildings at the sensitive spots near the alignment will be affected by mechanical vibration. The brick farmhouses are not like'lyto be vulnerable to the vibration (75dB in daytime, 73dB in nighttime). 2) Vibration in bridge construction Drilled gout piles will be adopted for pier foundation. The noise levels within 45.2m in daytime and 55.Om at night exceed the standards according to GBJI1- 89 (Design Criteria for Construction Vibration)..

4.4.6 Summary 1) During operation phase the noise levels meet classOfour standlardsin daytime at villages; exceed the standards at night to certain extent: 5 places beyond 5dB in shortOterm; 15 places in mediumOterm; 16 places in longOterm. Seen as a whole, the traffic noise has minor impact on the

62 acoustic environmentin the studv areas. 2) In operation phase the traffic noise has significant effect on six schools in Badu and Naliang. The effect extent increases with the traffic volume, so to sound proof measures must be taken. 3) Afforestation along the proposed highway should be promoted. With the growth of more vegetation and plantationof trees, the noise levels will be lower than predicted along the alignment. 4) Noise impact in construction phase is of short-term. By strengthening management and monitoring, the impact will be reduced to a minimum. To summarize, from the view of point of environmental protection noise pollution problem can be controlled by strengthening mitigation measures. Therefore, the project is viable environmentally.

4.5 Prediction and Assessment of Impacl:on Ambient Air

4.5.1 Operation Phase

4.5.1.1 Prediction Model It will be predicted by using Gaussian long line source diffusion model. Ql L C= Jfdl (4.11) Uh C 0 where: C- Pollutant concentrations(mg/m3); Q, Emission strength of highway (mg/m.s); L-Length of line source (m); dl- Increment of line length (m); Uh-Average wind velocity at the emission location (m/s); f-Function of atmosphericdiffusion.

In rectangular coordinates, the analytic moclelis as follows: I -y2 (z-h)2 (z+h)2 f= Oxp( ) C-pexpO- C- _ 0 2Trcayy 2ay 22z_ where:ay,ai- Diffusioncoefficient of transverse and vertical wind velocity (m); h- Effective height of vehicular exhaust emission (m).

In integrate of model (4.11), due to the limit of the wind direction with the highway th,efactor of the angle between wind direction and line sources must be considered. I) Wind direction is vertical to line source Let Axis Y be direction of line source yo Q -h2 (z-y.)2 Cl(x,y,z)=f e-xpg )cpM- O - TrUhoycz 2a&, 2a2y

Qi (z+h) r (z-h) 2 = exp- j t (4.12) 2 2" TrUhGZ 2&2z 2a 2 } Y+Yo Y-Yo *Oerf( ) - eif E 2 ay 2 ay

2) Wind direction is parallel to line source Let Axis X be direction of line source

xo Q] y C2(x,Y,Z)= expO- Od .X- 2TrUhay(x-x')az(x-x') 2&wy(x-x')

63 r(z-h)2 (z+h) 2

expO - e.p(- -- )_dx' - tz (x-x ) 2: 2z(X_X,)J

Under conditions of cz/o,Z5 (constant) and Cy7ax we have:

Qi r- r- C(x,y,z)= erf /2 - ) erf- 12 L (4.13) (2TT) UhaJ 2 G, ( x-x') 2 a y (x+xo)

where: O erf(rl)7 fle X2dx 1/2)I - CTT) - error function.

(z-h) -

O B:

3) The angle between wind directionand line source is arbitrary When the angle is arbitrary, the concentrations are calculated by using simple interpolation method. C(Tp)sinC:,oC1 OR cos-tpC2O (4.14)

(pisthe angle between the wind directionand line source.

4) Average daily concentrations J K M C (x,y,O)DIZZCjkm (X,Y,O)PjkmODC (4 15)

J K M

j=1 k=I m=1 where: 0- Average daily concentrations(mg/m3); Cjj,m when the wind velocity is j, wind direction is k, atmospheric stability is m, the concentrationsare calculatedb' using Model(5); 0 - Background levels (mg/m 0; Pjk,- Frequencyof wind direction, velocity and atmosphericstability G, k, mi).

4.5.1.2 Identificationof Parameters in Prediction Models 1. Pollutant source strength of exhaust gases 1) Formula for source extent n OjO E OjOj O; O O0 (4.16) where: Oj-Total emission of exhaust gases in unit time and section, e.g. the source strength ( mg/s.m); A,-!- Design traffic volume of i kind vehicle (v/s); SOj- Emission coefficient of unit vehicle (mg/m.v); 0 j'-Renewal coefficient of i kind vehicle; Ol.- Depreciation coefficient of i kind vehicle; n- Number of vehicle types on road.

64 2) Emission strength of exhaust gases According to the predicted traffic volume in the project study report, the pollutant emission extent is shown in Table 4-5-1. 2. Diffusion parameters The diffusion parameters in tail gas model is: Gy EOOya-OEa, 1 o-)-5 cz10aza OfazO: 7 )- 5 (4.17) where: Oya-Diffusion parameters of transverse wind in turbulence; °a,-Diffusion parameters of vertical wind in turbulence; G7.O-1nitial transverse diffusion parameters; Oo0-Initial vertical diffusion parameters. 3. Wind velocity Uh in line source model is: Uh5maxOU0UcZ UeE 1.85U°%cos-0 (4 18) where: Uh is the natural wind velocity(m/s); Uc is the wind velocity resulted by the running vehicles;Gis the angle between vehicle and wind(°): Table 4-5-1 Emission Strength of Vehicular Exhaust unit:mgDmrs section trafficconditions CO NO _ 2006 2014 2024 2006 2014 2024 HechiODuan daily average 1.30 2.35 3.74 0.29 0.54 0.85 (K96+000[]K194+300) peak hour 2.21 4.00 6.37 0.51 0.91 1.45 Duan[oMashan daily average 1.52 2.98 5.21 0.34 0.68 1.18 (K194+3000K219+500) peak hour 2.58 5.07 8.85 0.59 1.15 2.02 Mashf5Wuming daily average 1.79 3.52 6.15 0.41 0.80 1.40 (K219+500nK285+500) peak hour 3.05 5.99 10.45 0.69 1.36 2.38 WumiONanning daily average 1.46 2.29 3.49 0.33 0.52 0.79 (K285+500OK335+139 peak hour 2.48 3.89 5.94 0.56 0.88 1.35

4.5.1.3 ConcentrationPrediction of CO and NIox 1. Concentrationcal culation of pollutants Based on the traffic volume, landform and climatic conditions, the average daily and hourly concentrations of CO and NOx in 2006, 2014 and 2024 is predicted. The related conditions are in Table 4-5-2. Table4-5-2 Conditions for Predictionof Pollutantsin Air hourlyconcentrations averageconcentrations daily backgroundconcentrations max hourlyconcentrations max averagedaily concentrations trafficvolme peak hourlytraffic volume daily trafficvolume atmoshphericstability EDOFkinds variousstabilities wind directionand velocity leading win direction & relevant various wind direction & relevant averagewind velocity I averagewind velocity

2. Calculation result The concentrations of CO and NOx at the cross sections of Ping Village, Jiou Village, Batan, Badu, Lingquan and Ou Village are predicted. Refer to 4-5-3 for the results.

Table 4-5-3 demonstrates: 1)In 2024 after it is put in operation, the average daily and hourly concentrations of CO at six cross sections will not exceed class-two standards with their highest levels of 1.699 mg/m:3 and 3.077 mg/m3 individually. 2)In 2024, the average daily concentrations of NOx at six cross sections will not exceed the limit level with their highest levels of 0.080 mg/M3; hourly concentrations are also adhere to the standards except for a few locations which exceed the standards by 0.17 times. However, beyond 2 5m, they are all in consistent with the second class in GB3090- 1996. In conclusion, the construction of the project will not have significant adverse effect on the air quality.

4.5.2 Quality Assessment of Ambient Air at the Sensitive Locations The concentrations of CO and NOx calculated according to existing enviromnent, traffic volume and climatic conditions and Table 4-5-3, are showri in Annex Table 7.

65 It shows that thev are all comply n,vith class-two standards in. GB3095-1996. Therefore, the operation of the highway uwillhave no obvious inmpacton the air quality.

Table4-5-3 Predictionof PollutantConcentrations unit:mcl/Nm3 cross Pollutant |c |sar 'distance to road side (rn) section | l 0 25 50 | 75 | IOG 12I' T IS0 200 Prngcu CO Cd 0.844 2-006 0 9S9 0 9214 0.904 0 8S4 0.874 0 868 0.864 0.861 (K(97+0 2014 1052 0 98S 0 9s5. 0.916 0.898 0 887 0.880 0.875 DO) 2024 1 175 1 074 1.017 0.9S9 _0.930 0.913 0.902 0.893 Ch 1.280 2006 1 .54 1480 I1.438 1.409 1389 1.364 1.348 1.333 21014 1.752 1.643 1.566 1.514 i.478 1.431 1.403 1.370 2024 2.03 1 I .8S8 1 73S 1.653 _1.59s 1.52 1 1 475S 1.423 NO, Cd 0.007 2006 0.027 0.021 0.018 0.016 0.014 0.012 0.011 0.0 10 2014 0.044 0.033 0.026 0.023 0.020 0.0 17 0.0 15 0.0 13 2024 0.067, 0.049 0.038 0.032 0.028 0.023 0.020 0.016 Ch 0.012 2006 0.060 0.049 0.041 0.036 0.032 0.027 0.025 0.021 20 14 0.098 0.078 0.064 0.055 0.048 0.040 0.034 0.028 _ 2024 0. 146 0.117 0.095 0.080 _0.069 0.056 0.048 0.038 Jioutt n( CO Cd 1.142 2006 i.iS8 1.172 1.165 1.160 1.157 1.153 1.151 1.149 K165+0 2014 1.225 1.197 1.183 1.174 1.169 i. 162 1.158 i.l155 00) 2024 1.1274 1.229 1.207 1.193 _ 1.185 1.174 1.168 1.163 Ch 1.920 ~~20062.039 2.002 1.983 1.971i 1.963 1.952 1.946 1.942 20 14 2.136 2.069 2.034 2.0 12 1.997I I1.979 I1.967 I1.960 2024 2.263 2.158 2 2 206 2.043 2.0 13 I1.996 I1.984 . NOx Cd 0.010 2006 0.018 0.015 0.014 0.013 0.013 0.012 0.012 0.011 20 14 0.025 0.020 0.0 17 0.016 0.015 0.0 14 0.0 13 0.012 2024 0.034 0.026 10.022 0.0 19 -0.0 I 8 0.0 16 0.0 15 0.0 14 Ch 0.027 2006 0.057 0.046 0.042 0.039 0.037 0.034 0.033 0.032 2014 0.076 0.061 0.053 D.048 0.045 0.040 0.038 0.036 2024 0. 105 0.08 1 0.06 0.060 _0.055 0.048 10.044 I0.04 1 Batanl CO Cd 0.901 2006 0.944 0.931 0.924 0.920 0.917 0.913 0.911 0.909 (K 189+ 2-014 0.985 0.960 0.947 0.938 0.932 0 925 0.920 0.917 000) 2024 I1.048 I .005 0.98 1 0.966 _ 0.956 0.943 0.935 0.929 Ch 1.730 2006 1.844 1.8 13 1.796 1.784 1.776 1.766 1.759 1.755 20 14 1.954 I1.894 I 859 I1.836 I1.821 I .800 I1.787 I1.779 2024 2.120 2.016 1.955 I1.916 I .888 I .852 1.830 1.815 NOx Cd 0.010o 2006 0.018 0.015 0.014 0.013 0.013 0.012 0.012 0.011 2014 0.025 0.021 0.018 0.017 0.016 0.014 0.014 0.013 2024 0.037 0.029 0.025 0.022 0.020 0.0 18 10.0 16 0.0 15 Ch 0.02 i 2006 0.047 D.040 0.036 0.033 0-G3 0.029 0.028 0.027 2014 0.072 0.058 0.050 0.045 0.042 0.037 0.034 0.032 1 2024 0.1 10 0.086 0.072 0.063 10.057 0.049 0.044 0.040 Badu CO Cd 0.804 2006 0.917 0-.'885 O0.867 0.856 0.848 0.83 7 0.831 0.827 (K2 11+ 2014 1.025 0.964 0.929 0.906 0.890 0.870 0.857 0.849 500) 2024 1.19 1 1.084 11.022 0.982 _0 955 0.919 0.897 0.882 . ~~~~~~~Ch1.340 2006 1.615 1.553 I .511 I1.482 1.462 I1.435 1.418 1.406 . ~~~~~~~~~~~~~2014 I .880 I1.758 I1.675 I1.620 I1.579 I1.526 I1.493 I1.470 2024 12.283 2.068 1.925 1.828 1.758 1.665 1.607 1.566 NOx Cd 0.010 2006 0.030 0.025 0.021 0.019 0.01I 0.016 0.015 0.014 20 14 0.050 0.039 0.033 0.029 0.026 0.022 0.020 0.0 IS 2024 0.080 0.06 1 0.050 0.042 _ 0.037 0.031 1 0.027 0.024 Ch000 2006 0.072 0.061 0.054 0.050 0.047 0.043 0.040 0.039 2014 0.1 13 0.091 0.078 0.069 0.063 0.055 0.051 0.047 2024 0.176 0.137 0.1 14 D.099 0.088 0.075 0.066 10.060 CO Cd 1.004 2006 I.08 1 1.060 1.048 1.040 1.034 1.027 1.023 I.020 antutr 20 14 I1.125 1.092 1.072 1.060 1.051 1.040 1.033 1.029 (K296+ 2024 1.189 1.138 1.108 1.089 1.076 1.059 1.049 1.042 600) Ch 2.620 2006 2.811 2.767 2.738 2.7 19 2.705 2.686 2.674 2.666 20 14 2.9 19 2.85 1 2.806 2.775 2.753 2.723 2.705 2.692 2024 3.077 2.973 2.,°04 2.856 _ 2.823 2.778 2.749 2.730 NOx Cd 0.020 2006 0.034 0.030 0.028 0.026 0.025 0.024 0.023 0.023 20 14 0.042 0.036 0.032 0.030 0.028 0.026 0.025 0.024 2024 0.053 0.044 10.039 0.035 _0.033 0.030 0.028 10.027 C 0.32 2006 0.075 0.065 0.059 0.054 0.051 0.047 0.044 10.042 20 14 0.1100 0.084 0.074 0.067 0.062 0.055 0.05 1 0.048 2024 0.1 36 0.1 12 0.096 0.086 0.078 0.068 0.06 1 0.054 Oucun CO Cd 1.414 2006 1.533 1.500 I1.4S8I 1.469 1.460 1.450 1.443 1.438 (iY325+ 20 14 I1.601 I .550 I1.520 I .500 I1.487 I .470 I1.459 1.452 500) 2024 I1.699 I1.621 I1.575 I1.545 1.525I I1.499 I1.483 I1.472 Cb 2.140 2006 2.425 2.360 2.317 2.288 2.266 2.251 2.23S 2.221L 20 14 2.587 2.486 2.41I 2.37 1 2.338 2.3 13 2.294 2.267 2024 2.823 2.668 f2.564 2.493 _2.443 2.405 2.376 2.333 NOx Cd 0.00 2006 0.028 0.022 10.019 0.017 0.015 0.013 0.012 0.011 2014 0.04 1 0.03 1 0.026 0.022 0.020 0.017 0.0 15 0.014 2024 0.059 0.044 0.036 0.03 1 0.027 0.022 0.0 19 0.017 Ch 0.012 2DD6 0.7 0.061 0.052 0.045 0.041 0;034 0.030 0.02S 20 14 0.0 0.089 0.074 0.064 0.057 0.0-47 0.04 1 0.037 _ 204 011 0.129 0.108 0.092 10.081 1 0.066 0.056 0.050 Note: 1. The concentrations in the table are of hghter levels at helocatiornS monitored _

66 2.Cd-dailv av-erageconcentration; Ch-hourly concentration. 3. -time of sampling; D-background levels

4.5.3 Environmental ImpactAnalysis of Construction Dust Dust coming from earth and lime mixing sites and machinery contributes to air pollution during construction.It pollutes the air to a great extent. Monitoring of TSP shows that at 50m from the earth and lime mixing sites, the TSP are as high as 1.00 mg/m3; at 100mapart from earth and mixing stations near storage sites the TSP are 1.65 mg/m3; at 150m they are 1.00mg/m3. TSP is resulted mainly from the secondarvdust of transport vehicles. To prevent dust,, water will be sprayed.

4.5.4 Summary 1) CO, NOx and TSP in the study areas are generally comply with class-two standards of GB3096- 1996. The air is clean and clear. 2) In 2024 the average daily concentrationsof both CO and NOx do not exceed the standards. The hourly concentrations,however, exceeds the standards near roadside at a few locations wvithin25m. No significant impact will occur on ambient air. 3) The predicted levels of pollutant concentrations are all consistent with class-two standards of 3096-1996.During the operation phase, it does riot have significant impact on ambient air. 4) Constructiondust has noticeable impact on air, so preventive measures will be taken.

4.6 Engineering Analysis and Aesthetics

4.6.1 Engineering Analysis

4.6.1.1 Impact on Existing Local Roads In construction, the haulage of road-building materials will have impact on local and country roads in the following ways: (1) Increase of dust and noise; (2) Damage to pavement of the roads; Therefore, rational haulage routes will be chosen for material haulage to minimize the impact. The proposed highway will have 50kn long paralleling the National HighwayNo.210, which means No.210 will be transport passage in construction phase and will lead to problems as traffic jams and road damage etc.

4.6.1.2 Interfere with systems of irrigation The proposed highway will cross densely irrigation systems and webs on the way, crisscrossing plenty of irrigation canals, although the design unit has detoured some major canals to ensure the regular operation of irrigation. At some sections, there are enough culverts(980) to be built up. In doing so, the runoff drainage and canal circulationare no more a problem. In highway engineering, the construction at possible channelOdisturbance section will be in priority, and proceed at non-irrigation seasons as far as possible. Then the construction of highway will be less influentialto local irrigation.

4.6.1.3 Influence to the flood-dischargesystem Along the Hechi-Mashan section, it is a high-flood area. Single spans over rivers are commonly accepted there. The discharge capacity of the bridge design for occurrence of 100 years basically meets the anti-flood needs in courses. The Jiutun-Jiangpo section, along with Chengjiang river for 6km, proceeds at hills. It will not impact much on local flood prevention. Still, management and organization will be strengthened during construction in case ol-subgrade construction in flood season (July-Sep.).

4.6.1.4 Impact on the sources of water supply The highly mountainous villages along the route in Duan County drink water from the reservoirs, which are easily polluted by the highway, even it will be easily destroyed. Before the construction, suitable sites will be reselected for rebuilding of new reservoirs and pipes for local people. Chengjiang River is the water source of Duan County. The proposed highway will have 6 km length of parallel section along the river. However,the location of water intake is beyond 20m in the middle of

67 the river. Based on the impact analysis on the w ater environment,the proposed highway will not impact much on the water quality of the water source. To prevent the unfavourable impact, measures must be strengthenedin the construction.

4.6.2 Aesthetics Analysis and Suggestions No cultural relics of both national and local level are found.

4.6.2.1 Aesthetics Analysis along the Highway The route alignment is smooth with wide view, rolling hills, numerous rivers and beautiful farmhouses which are a particular scenery. Comparisonof scenery prior to and after the construction is shown in Picture A and B.

1. Scenic view 1) The topographyfalls into alluvial plains between low hills and valleys among heavy rolling areas. The near scenery consists mainly of beautiful farmland, villages, rivers and hills. The long scenery consists of undulate mountains with clear outlines showing peculiar landscape of landform and topography. 2) The humane landscape includes country roads, bridges,electricity networks etc. 3) The scenic zone of Yilingyan has peculiar beauties with rolling mountains of different shapes. It is known as small . See Picture A.

2. Seasonally scenic view The study areas belong to subtropical, humid and monsoon climate with no frost year around. The four seasons remain green with plenty rainfalls, thick forests and nurnerous rivers. Riding along the highway, the passengers feel they are in landscapepaintings.

4.6.2.2 EnvironmentalImpact Analysis on Large CuttingSections Shuiren-Nanning Highway is located in the central and northem parts of Guangxi. On the edge of Yungui Plateau, section from Shuiren to Daxing is 66.4232m long, it passes through large mountains and deep valleys where clawed topography is well developed, with narrow gullies and high ridges. According to the topography and the high-class of this section, it is impossible for the highway to detour the above mentioned unfavorable topography and large excavation is inevitable. As the

68 Peature A

69 Peature C

70 Peature E-H

71 Fig.4-6 cutting points

72 section from Daxing to Nanning, it passes through slightly rolling plain. There are a lot of low hills, and their peaks hinder the layout of the alignment. Especially at Gaofeng Forest where there are rolling hills, high ridges, steep slopes, deep and wvidegullies, though advantageous topographical spots have been chosen as many as possible for the alignment of the highway,it is still impossible for the highway to detour all the above mentioned unfavorable topography and large excavation is also unavoidable. From repeated investigation, statistical data obtained for the sections requiring large excavations along the proposed highway are as listed in the table below. The WB EP experts and engineers, with design unit, constructionunit and EIA unit, have made a precise survey in order to reduce the areas of cutting hills and large cutting sections. Especially the design members have made a great deal of work on it. Step by step, a best plan out of 3 altematives is chosen out after a detailed study on such items as reducing cut hill amounts, land acquisition amounts and removement, route lining and constructiondisturbance etc.

1. Different Technical Standardwas Taken in Design As Shuiren-Nanning Highway has a total length of 236.492km, to which different technical standards have been adopted according to the predicted amount of traffic and actual topography. Shuiren-Duan section is 97.153km long and its subgrade is 15m wide. It is to be constructed according to class 2 highway standard. Of the section, Shuiren-Daxing section is 66.637km long, and is to be constructed according to the standards of class 2 highway in heavily rolling hills, with a designed vehicle speed of 60km/h, usual minimumplanar curve of 200m, ultimateminimum curve of 125mand maximum longitudinal slope of 6%, which can be relaxed at some spots where the standards are too difficult to be adopted because of the actual topography; Daxing-Duansection is 30.680km long, and is to be constructed according to the standards of class 2 highway in slightly rolling plain, with a designed vehicle speed of 80km/h, usual minimum planar curve of 400m, ultimate minimum curve of 250m and maximum longitudinal slope of 5%. Duan-Nanningsection is 139.339kmlong, and is to be constructed according to the standards of expressway.Its designed vehicle speed is lOOkm/h,usually its minimum planar curve is 700m, ultimate minimum curve is 400m and maximum longitudinal slope is 4% to which 1% can be added at some spots where it is too difficult to be adopted because of the actual topography or other reason after verifiedby technical and economicstudies.

2. Selection of the Best Route According to the requirements of the above itechnicalstandards, the alignment of the highway has been determined on the topographicalmaps in scales of 1/50000and 1/2000, with the alternative ones taken as many as possible for comparison. in situ investigations have been conducted to check the actual conditions and opinions from the local govermmentshave been solicited. According to the local topographical, geological, meteorological and environmental conditions, the preliminary alignmnent scheme was determined, reported to the responsible leaders and was discussed and analyzed by the organized personnel concemed. The final alignment scheme was worked out based on the agreement between every side concerned. Afterwards, the surveying personnel carried out the in situ layout of the alignment, investigation and collectionof various data, and compiled the preliminary design document. The optimum alignment scheme has been taken as the preliminary alignment scheme based on the comparison between the recommended scheme and the 12 altemative alignment schemes whose length is 151.64km,making up 64.08% of the total length of the section.

3. Comparison of the Selected Route with Feasibility Study Route The designers compared the selected route with feasibility one late. The data of comparison in study can be seen in the following table 4-6-1. Table4-6-l comparison betweenthe preliminarydesign and engineeringfeasible design Item Length(km) Number of borrow Earth/stonework in Area of excavatedside 3 2 I_gth (km) { pits (piece) subgrade(m ) slopes (M ) Engineeringfeasible scheme 237.915 82 35221076 2929788 Preliminaryscheme 236.491 66 28226127 2426677 Amount decreased 1.424 | 16 6994949 502911 It can be seen from the table that after the adjustment of the alignment and optimization in the preliminary design phase, the amount of earth/stone work is reduced by 6,994,949m (about 20%) and the area of side slopes is reduced by 502,911m2 (about 17%) respectively, in spite of increase of subgrade width from 12 meter up to 15 meter, which is certainly beneficial to environmental protection. The decrease of earth/stone work is resulted mainly from the careful comparison and opttimizationin

7:3 the design. It may also be caused bv the different scales of maps used in the engineering feasibledesign and preliminary design for the predictionof earth/stone work because in the former the scale is 1/1000 whereas in the latter the scale is 1/2000.

4.Adjustmentthe Road Location It has less resources in the project area, especially at the cutting hills and mountainous sections, where the land is arable, I mu less farmingland per farmer. It is an important factor in the project not to take more land in route design. The researchers have done great work on those excavating places as the following:

scheme 1: too much land taking 1:1

sche e 2: too much excavation work and large earth erosion 1:0.75

scme 3: less land taking, 1:1 less excavation of hills, 1:0.3 as the rec e

The deeper survey, the lesser amounts f excavations, cutting height, areas, and earth/stone work. After adjustment of the overall alignme t and careful design, the number of sections where large excavation is to be carried out is reduced rom 68 (attached 8 for its spots and works) to 61 so that the impact on the environment is also reducek. The location of 61-cutting points are showed in Fig.4-6. The detailed data can be found in the following table.

Reduction of Larae Excavation from FeasibilityStudy Lenth Area of side Amount of Mgain Acquisitioned Item Length slopes excavation Migraton land (km) (Mi) (m) (household) (mu) Engineering feasible scheme 15.403 5096644 6723824 21 19543 Preliminary scheme 13.992 471530 6097142 21 18783 Amountdecreased 1 .411 38134 j 626682 0 760 Note: Large excavation is defined as a cutting point which heigth is over 10 meter and length is over 80 meter.

Because all the excavation will be carried out at passes, spurs or ridges where the living condition is poor and fewer people are inhabited, so the construction will cause less impact on the local people.

5. Environmental Considerations Taken in the Selection of the Best Route The recommended alignment scheme and all the 12 alternative ones have been chosen on the basis of layout of the alignment in plan and elevation, excavation, amount of work involved, land to be acquisitioned, houses to be demolishedand people to be resettled and environmental impact. A. Comparison of investment. B. Comparison of earth/stone work in subgrade. C. Comparison of exposed area of side slopes., D. Comparison of least filled side slopes. E. Various slopes are designed according to Chinese Specificationsof the maximum and minimum longitudinal slopes and corresponding lengths. Though the longitudinal slopes may be large or small, -short or long in view of the actual topography, the amount of excavation and fill, the national specifications will always be followed so as to reduce the amount of work and investment. As to the super long slopes, they have not been encountered in the preliminary design so that there are no data available. Based on the data of trapezoid longitudinal slopes and straight long slopes, there are little differences in the quantities of construction work between them, and as to which is superior, there are no test data available, so the correspondingdata cannot be provided so far.

74 H. Comparison of resettlement.

6. Elimination of Platform (mitigation measure 1) To reduce the width of excavation in rocks so as to mitigate the environmental impact, for sections where the rocks are so sound that no pieces of rocks can fall down, platforms to collect them will no longer be provided, which results in a decrease of the cross sectional area of excavation, the amount of exploded earth/stone work and the exposed area of slopes, which is beneficial to environmental protection.

7. Typical Mitigationmeasures for environmental protection For the 61 sections where large excavation is required, the actual conditions can be divided into two cases based on preliminary investigation. In the first case, the excavation is to be carried out in sound limestone, such as at sections K117+000-KI21+096, K138+150-K138+264 and K139+906-K209+804, which contain 15 sections of large excavation, with a total length of 4.913km, total exploded volume of stone of 1703223m3 and total exposed area of 119139m2. The side slopes of the exploded cross section are taken as 1:0.5 for the first layer and 1:0.3 for the following lower layers, at every lOm excavation from the bottom, a platforrn.as wide as 1.5m will be provided. After excavation, the original gray mountain will be tumed into white slopes, resulting in the damage of the original landscape. In order to mitigate the impact on the landscape caused by excavation, on each platform, bricks or stone plates will be used to build troughs, into which fertile soil will be put so as to grow evergreen vines and climbers that can make the surroundings green in the vertical direction and restore the original landscape. In the second case" mudstone, shale, sandstone, marls, limestone, siliceous shale, dolomite, fine sandstone, sandy mudstone, calcium sandstone, etc. in the Devonian Period are encountered,the surface soils mainly consist of clay, sand and gravel, etc. in the Quaternary Period. According to the actual geological and meteorological conditions, most of the side slopes for the other 46 sections of larger excavation are taken as 1:1 for the upper layer, and 1:0.75 for the following lower layers, with few taken as 1:1.25 for the upper layer and 1:0.5 for the following lower layers respectively. All the exposed slopes are protected by inverse V shaped or arch shaped frame made of stone plate cemented with mortar, with grasses or flowers planted in them, so that all the exposed slopes will be covered by vegetation, resulting in beautiful landscapes on both side of highway.

8. Impact Analysis It is inevitable for a large excavation at lime sections. The reduction of excavation and areas have been done, as well as the landscape consideration at those sections. The further effort will be made in the detail design to further lessen the impacts on the landscapeof limestone mountains, so the impacts on the landscape of limestone will be limited in minimum.

4.6.2.3 Analysis of Impact of Project on Scenery It is unavoidable to have certain adverse impact on vegetation because of cutting at hilly areas leading to exposure of slopes, thus effecting the scenery along the alignment. By statistics, there are 61 larger cut slopes. Statistics of Cutting Sections along Shui-Nan Highway. Mostly the slope spots are situated at Shuiren-Daxin section, 46 spots. As the area is mainly of lime stone mountains, white in colour after cutting, which doesn't fit in with the existing grey in scenery. The traffic bureaus in Guangxi province are very much experienced for mitigating the influence of scenry from cutting. Turf can be covered on gentle slopes,(as on Nan-Liu and Nan-Bei expressways)to recover and beautify the route landscape, as that in the Picutre E.F.G To decrease the amount of cutting, some cutting slopes have to be steep, on which turf can not be planted. It will lower the landscape quality. To solve such a problem, we have got an examination,and found that, 1) The cutting slopes of quarries will grow grass naturally after a half or one year. The recovered view can be seen in Picture H. Picture H is a quarry, a new excavation spot in the rmiddleand an previous one on right side of the hill (a little grey) with green grass in four month of excavation. 2) The investigation on the current National Highway 210 some steep cutting slopes are changing its colour by weathering from white to grey, which fits in with the surrounding colour. The colour recovering period can be 3-5 years long. 3)In cracks of lime stones, grass or bushes grow naturally.

75 4) Because of therich rainfall in the project area, some climbing plants can grow well, such as Bonston ivy, which goes up 20m higher. Therefore, some artifical methods can be adopted to deal with the steep slopes to fasten the natural scenery recovery. The highway construction will lead to some impact to local landscape, mostly at the phase of construction.3-5 years (or shorter) after operation, the route scenerywill return. Besides the technical standards in linear designing, aesthetic function is alsotaken in account for combination of perfect linear design and natural landscape.

4.6.2.4 Suggestions on Scenery Design Suggestionsare divided into two parts:

a. Scenery design related to cities and towns The connecting parts with cities and towns should be coordinated with the city scale. The interchanges and the road border marks will be the symbols of the city or towns. Therefore, it is suggested that the interchanges and road border marks be designed as scenic design to beautify these cities and towns.

b. Scenery design remote from cities and towns It is required to coordinatewith the natural landscape when to do so. It is important to center on three 0dimension view design to satisfy the requirement of smooth lines. The natural scenic resources will be made good use of to ensure that the design is rich in varieties and the natural environmentis protected. The marks left in constructionwill be repaired and trimmnedto restore its natural appearance.

The suggestionsare as follows:

I. Artificial concrete structures will be organized The natural scenery must an organic integrate. Therefore, the highway, bridge and interchange must merge with the nature. The interchanges have obvious impact on the environment with their areas and remarkable visual effect. So, they should be coordinated with neighboring buildings in their size, shape and style. Another factor taken into account in the design is plantation. To set off the beautiful outline of the interchange is one of the purposes of plantation. Low bushes will be the best choice because high trees hide from view of the road users. At the access of ramps, plants with view-induction will be planted. The plantation around the interchange will be associated with the environment organically.

2. Finishing of earth works Earthwork in construction has significant effect on scenery, in suburbanareas in particular. Building of bridge approaches, interchangeramps and road on the slope do damage to existing landform.So on completion of these works, it is necessary to do finishing to restore the original form as much as possible. 1) The slope of cutting and filling should be connected with natural ground surface smoothly by using arc slope to improve visual effect. 2) The slope should keep certain coarseness to protect or plant sod. On gentle slope flowers with pattems can be planted to better the environment. 3) Retaining walls can be covered with evergreen bushes and climbers to improve visual effect. The exposed parts of retaining walls or protection slopes should be painted according to the environment. 3. Road-marking scenery close to rivers The study areas are rich in surface water, so the natural water bodies are valuable scenic sources that should be made use of as much as possible to make the road users feel the nature. 1) The alignment design should go with river courses and plane properly. 2) The major plants for plantation are bushes, flowers and evergreen trees. The trees should not hide from view of the road-users. Intervals should be kept in the case of high trees for the viewers to look at water. 3) In design of the bridges close to the water bodies, coordinationwith the neighboring environment should be taken into account.

4. Scenery of road close to mountains

76 The scenery close to the mountains will be made use of. The construction activities close to mountains will damage to the natural surface, so on completion of the work finishing will be made to guarantee natural connection with road edges.

5. Beautification of road facilities In addition to the functional elements, the aesthetic function will be also taken into account in designing road facilities such as residential buildings or tolling stations.

4.6.2.5 Suggestions on Protection of Visual Resources in Construction The topography along the proposal is of typical karst one with mainly limestone which appears gray due to weathering, It is in harmony with the green plantation. Therefore, it is very important to take mitigation measures to repair the misharmonism resulted from excavation of highway construction 1) Borrow sites will be located at the smaller sidehills. When the sidehill is excavated, it is better ro cut off the whole hill head to make full use of. If the full use can not be made, it is suggested to excavate at the back side of the hill. 2) The gentle slopes or borrow sites resulted from excavation or cutting will be treed or grassed. 3) At steeper slopes of limestones, it is impossible to tree or grass. In this case, it is proposed to spray colorful paint with key sections with gray color to mitigate impact of exposed limestone on visual resources.

4.7 Analysis of Irnpact of Connecting Lines on Environment

4.7.1 Impact of Construction of Connecting Lines Five connecting lines will be built with a total length of 25.6 km. They will be built according to classOtwo highway standards. They are all of improvements to existing roads. See table 4-7-1 for details and table 4-7-2 for Environmental Sensitive Spots on Both Sides of Connecting Lines. The sensitive spots at 5 connecting lines are mainly schools and villages, 4 schools and 16 villages or other units within 80m. There are about 230 households with 1000 in population. Based on the traffic volume in Table 2-4, the analysis of the connecting lines on the enivironment is as follows: 1) Ecosystem: No obvious impact on ecosystem is expected due to the fact that all the connecting lines are of improvements to existing road, with less earth stone works or occupation of farmland. 2) Acoustics: The connecting line traffics forcast the traffic noise to be seen in Table 4-7-3.

Table 4-7-1 Introductionto Connecting Lines NO. name length orginlQdeslination introductionto engineering 1 Duan CountyTown Line 1.5km Baical0Duan County Improvementsto existng classOfour road- whole (NANR) _ line has been streetlized with shopping stands 2 Mashan County Town 4.0km BaduOMashanCounty Improvements to existing road; there are a few line small villagesalong the route (NSNR) 3 Dahua County Town 16.0km BaduODahuaCounty Improvementsto existing local roads; there are a Line few villageswith quiet environment (DHNR) 4 Wuming County Town 3.8km ShoutaocunoWuming Improvemetsto classOfour existingroad; there is Line Bridge less populationalong the route; the line passes (WMNR) through the economic development zone of Wuming improving the transport means there. 5 Yilingyanline 0.3km Fulingvillage[Yilingyan Improvements to existing local road; no village

______along line; it is quiet

Table 4-7-2 Sensitive Spot Statistbcs at Connectng Lines name spot distance from road spotfeatures DANR outer Duan city roadsides busines,mostlyhotels MSN outer Manshan city roadsides streetlized,shops and hotel on both sides R Hezuo Pr. Sch. roadside ISCmfrom teaching building,650 staff. Naxiatun roadside 8 households roadside, a tendency of building new livinghouses DHN DahuSaWuchu 80m 4_storeyresidential building, paralleling the road R Julaotun roadside 8 householdsin 20storey building,the goundfloor for business Dahua Stone factory 50m 5storeyliving building Dahua Fish station 20m 5 storey building,the goundflooras offices Gugan village 20m on both sides 80 households in village,400 in population Hongqitun 20m on both sides 8 households at roadside, new comers from other.places, building up 2clstorey houses,in Manshan county. ______Subotun 20m 30 households

77 Badutun 60m 6 households near the village Leyu mid. school 200m 215 teachers and students,2.2m high enclosure Leyu roadside road into street, houses mostly for business, 30 households Dulitun roadside 10 households with newly built houses Hezuo Pri.school roadside classrooms 100m from the road, 2.5m high enclosure Hezuo village roadside 10 households along the road WMN Shoutao village roadside 15 households within 80m R Wanghai Pri. school roadside 2 storey teaching building, :300 pupils, the 3.5m high enclosure is 50m from the road Wanhai village roadside 10 housholds along the road Table4-7-3 Traffic Noise ForcastValues at ConnectingLines connecting year time distrance from the spot to the road centre(m) lines 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 MSNR 2006 day 62.1 57.3 57.6 51.3 55.0 47.8 53.1 45.3 51.7 43.4 50.5 41.8 49.5 40.4

night __ _ _ _ 2014 day 65.1 60.3 60.6 54.3 57.9 50.8 56.1 48.3 54.6 46.3 53.4 44.8 52.4 43.4 nig ht ______2024 day 66.9 61.1 61.3 55.0 58.7 51.5 56.8 49.0 55.4 47.1 54.2 45.5 53.2 44.2 ______night _ _ I__ DHNR 2006 day 61.7 56.9 57.2 51.0 54.6 47.4 52.7 45.0 51.4 43.1 50.2 41.5 49.2 40.1

_ __ _ night ______2014 day 64.7 59.9 60.2 54.0 57.5 50.4 55.7 48.3 54.2 46.2 53.1 44.5 52.1 43.1 night ______2024 day 66.5 60.7 60.9 54.6 58.3 51.1 56.4 48.6 55.1 46.8 53.9 45.2 53.0 44.0 night ______WMNR 2006 day 74.0 66.4 69.5 60.4 66.9 56.9 65.0 54.4 63.6 52.4 62.4 50.8 61.4 49.5 night __ _ _ _ 2014 day 76.1 68.5 71.6 62.4 69.0 58.9 67.1 56.4 65.6 54.5 64.4 52.4 63.4 51.6 ___ __ nig hlt______2024 day 76.9 69.2 72.3 63.2 69.7 59.7 67.8 57.2 66.3 55.2 65.2 53.6 64.2 52.3 __ _ _ night ______

As the environrental noise at the connecting lines comes of traffic noices, the traffic noise can show a current noise situation. Table 4-7-3 shows that: (1) At the connecting lines of Mashan and Dahua in year 2024, the night noise value reaches to the GB3096-93 Class 4 standards. (2)The distances between schools and the road in table 4-7-3 shows that the 4 schools with its noises in table 4-7-4. 4-7-4 PredictedNoise Levels at Schools school connecting distance predicted noice levels & excess amount Leq(dB) remarks lines to 2006 2014 2024 road(m) Ld Ln Ld Ln Ld Ln Hezuo Mid. Sch. MSNR 150 49.5 40.4 52.4 43.4 53.2 44.2 ., 0 0 0 0 0 0 Leyu Mid, Sch. DHNR 200 47.2 41.7 50.1 42.1 51.0 42.1 __ _ _ _ 00 0 0 0 Hezuo Pri. Sch, DHNR 100 48.4 40.1 51.2 43.0 52.1 43.8 2.5m high ______0 I 0 0 0 0 0 - enclosure Wanghai Pri. Sch. WMNR 60 65.0 54.0 67.1 56.4 67.8 57.2 calculate at the 10.0 9.0 12.1 11.4 12.8 12.2 second floor

(3) 20 households in two villages at Wu-Ming connecting line are located within 50m, where the first row has some impact from traffic noise, none for the outer 50m. The analysis shows that there is little impact at connecting lines from traffic noise, and some measures must be taken for the households neighbouring Wu-Ming connecting line.

3) Atmosphere: Compared with the predicted concentrations of atmospheric pollutants, the atmoshpheric environment meets the concerning standards of GB 3095-1996 in the year 2024 (long- term operation). 4) Safety: When in operation, there will be more traffic accicdentsbecause of increased traffic volume, speedy driving while with no dividing facilities. So, there will be some safety problems, the solution to which is to install dividing facilities. when in operation. 5) Economic growth: The connecting lines will connect the expressway to the out world. So, it will certainly promote the local economy. Above all, the main problem existing at connecting lines are of safety, which must be seriously concemed.

78 4.7.2 Impactof Crossingson Environment 1) There is a small traffic volume for Shuiren3Duan Section, which have less impact on environment.The crossings are of level ones. 2) Duan7Nanning Section is expresswayon which six interchanges are designed. They are far from residential areas, thus having no effect on them. There will be traffic hubs at the interchangesproducing some noise. So, it is suggested not to constructbuildings requiring high environmentalstandards in the close vicinity to the interchanges.

79 CHAPTER5 MEASURES FOR ENVIRONMENTALPROTECTION

5.1 Measuresin Design Phase These measures have basically been determined, and should be optimized as necessary in design phase.

5.1.1 Route Selection (I) The alignment xvill be selected considering minimizing land acquisition, relocation and resettlement, and impact of air pollution and noise on environmnentally. (2) The alignmentwill avoid cities, towns and other sensitive locations as much as possible. (3) The alignment will be selected consideringreducing cutting mountain to protect the resource of landscapes.

5.1.2 Social Disruption 168 passes (average every 700m) and 24 grade separators will be constructed to facilitate the crossings of the expresswayby local people, animalsand vehicles.

5.1.3 Soil Erosionand Land Resources (l)Trees and grasses will be planted in the side slopes and other parts within the occupied slopes. The slopes in the mountainous areas will be stabilized by various techniques including retaining and protecting walls in order to avoid flooding of the slopes. (2) Subgradedrainage system will be installed. (3) 980 culverts will be constructed to retain the irrigation function.

5.1.4 Noise A combination of measures such as resettlement,installation of noise barriers and afforestationwill be undertaken to mitigate the short and medium term noise problems. Before the operation of the highway, 13 villagesand 2 schools (I school will be removed because the land is needed by Highway) will be relocated and approximately 3450 m2 noise barriers will be built at sensitive locations.

In Table 5-1 are listed the villages exceeding the standards by more than 3 dB at night in 2014; in Table 5-2, the schools exceeding the standards by more than 3 dB in :2024in daytime are listed. Based on the existing conditions of a particularplace, the followingmeasures are proposed to take: (1) It is suggested that in construction the housing in the residential centers within 40 m from the road center be demolished, considering the fact that the noise level at night in 2006 or 2014 exceeds the standards by more than 5.0 dB. See Table 5-1. There is much less demolition in mountainous villages because the houses are located sparsely. Besides, the slopes of ShuirenELDuanSection is very steep, so 40m of land in width is used for embankment. Therefore,there will not be more removal due to impact of traffic noise. (2) In the villages where the level exceeds the standards by more than 4.0 dB in 2024, the noise preventive measures and implementation time will be determined according to the monitoring level behind 2014. See Table 5-1. (3) Noise preventive measures will be taken at the schools where the excess is more than 3dB in 2024 in daytime. See Table 5-2.

Table5-1 VillagesExceeding 3dB in NoiseLevel and PreventiveMleasures

In la a a CD predicted levels & excessive amount measuressuggested cL IA - tL o s Leq(dB) CD 0 m 2006 2014 2024 _ r o 3,: < < L n rcr

w - ~~~~~ Ld Ln Ld Ln Ld Ln C

1 Hulu 265 30 S 0 0 0 2.6 0 3.3 measures are to be K110+35 _ determined according to 2 Yangjiadian 280 25 2 0 0.8 0 3.8 0 4.6 monitoring levels after K147+200 2015 3 Keyang 152 25 1 0 0.8 0 3.8 0 4.6 K150+700 4 Xiata 130 25 4 0 4.3 0 7.3 0 8.0 resettlement is 40m 5 K166+000 within road center;less removement due to some10 households 87 5 Weizou 50 25 2 0 4. 0 . .

6 Bale 120 25 1 0 4.3 0 7.3 0 8.0 removement is 40m 5 K171+800 I within road c.enter; less 7 Duicheng 185 25 5 0 2.4 0 5.4 0 6.1 removement of some 45 K<173+200 households[ 8 Bancai 45 25 4 0 4.3 0 7.3 0 8.0 K175+200I II 9 Bayang 310 2 . . . K<179+300 25 4 0 ___3____7_3__ 10 Bama 610 25 2 0 4.3 0 7.3 0 8.0 removement is 40m 5 K<185+700 within road center; less 7 11 Ba ~l -495 25 3 0 4.3 0 7.3 0 8.0 removement of 45 K1 86+750 households 1-2 Baicai 343 25 1 0 7.0 2.5 9.5 3.4 10.4 K<194+400… ………… 13 Dongpan 350 25 2 0 7.0 2.5 9.5 34 10.4

K<199+300 I_ __ __I__ ___I_ 14 Bantan 276 40 3 0 2.5 0 5.0 0 5.9 villagers will gplant trees 2 K<206+75D I between lS Badu 567 5o 1 0 0.7 0 3.3 0 4.1 road &villacgein the K<211+500 I chargeof GCICAB. 16 Duili 267 25 1 0 7.0 2.5 9.5 3.4 10.4 removement is 40m 5 K<211+500 within road center; less 17 Baxing 27 25 1 0 0.7 2.5 9.5 3.4 10.4 removement Of 8 K<213+000 households 18 Jiaochang 329 50 5 0 2.2 0 4.8 0.3 5.7 besidles planting trees, 2 1<253+800 more measures will be 19 Nalang 201 01 0 4.0 0.7. 6.6 1.6 7.5 taken according to the K<258+800 monitoring after-2015, in ______~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~thecharge of GCICAB. 20 villages at double-layerwindows for 10 connecting the first row houses at lines villages 5Dm within the road, some 150 householdsin number.

Table 5-2 Environmental Noise at Schools & Hospitals and Preventative Measures in! ! -- a 'ID predictedlevels & excessive amount measuressuggested C.C 1= a' .RCD - Leq(dB) 00 CD ~ ~ w 2006 2014 2024 aC

CD CD~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~C ~~.~~~ Ld Ln L~~~1dLn Ld Ln C

1 Keli 109 80 0 0 'L.1 3.3 1.8 4.0 5m wide plantation K<146+500______2 Keyang 132 30 1 3.6 7.3 6.6 10.3 7.3 11.0 3m high,200mlang sound 10 K<150+700 barrier to be built up 3 Lintang 228 25 2 2.0 7.0 5.1 9.2 6.2 11.0 2m high. 100 m long sound 10 K1519+300 barrier 4 Daxing 653 25 5 7.0 12. 11.1 14.2 11.2 16.0 2m high & 400 m long 10 K<164+700 I sound barrier 5 Duan clinic bed 25 2 7.0 12.0 10.1 14.2 11.2 16.0 sharing the sound barrier 10 K<164+72 70 wifthDaxing central school 6 Beishe 30 1 7.1 10hT 10.1 13.8 10.8 14.5 3motall enclosing wall 10 K<170+800 I 7 Jiangcheng 320 50 5 1.0 4-8 3.9 78 4.8 8.6 2m high & 100 im long 6 K<173+650 sound bamrer 8 Gucai 160 5 1.5 2.5 7.3 5.0 8.0 6.1 3mOtall enclosing wall 10 K<202+500 9 Linjiang 150 40 10 8.6 9. 'I1Ll 12.0 12.0 12.9 2motall enclosing wall of 10 1<216+000 300m long 10 Oide 280 80 5 8.7 8. 111.2 10.5 12.7 11.4 building up of 2.Om 8 K<263+900 high,300m long sound ______~~~~~~~~~~~~~banier 11 Yongniing 235 230 6 15.5 16.4 17.6 18.4 18.3 10.2 removal

12 Wanghai 110.0) 9.0 12.0 11.4 12.8 12.2 corridor on the second floor 10 WMNR to be closed Note:Weizou Primary School will be resettled in eng becausethe land acquired, it is not made measureof noise preventionhere and Table 5-3. (4) Analysis of the preventive measures Table5-3 Analysisof NoisePreventive Measures No. measures estimated amount cost (yuan) alternative measures (10 thousand) I extending removal 13 villagesxlO 156.00 I.Sound barriers or bnck walls of 7800m cost as much as within 40m from householdsx60m2=7800 (200yuan'm removement; with worse effect of eliminating noise; with road center , worsescenic view 2.1t is not practical to build high walls for each household since it costs much and has bad effect 3. 5 vegetations,about 1800 m2 with 40yuan/m2, 54000R.MB yuan for land acquisition, totally 126000 R.MByuan 2 4 sound barriers; I 3000m- of sound barriers 58.0 Detouring will increase removement or the alignment high wall & 450m2high walls deteriorate 3 removal of Yongning 3Dstorey building of 60.0 LIt is located at the cross of Shuina and Nanyou roads, where Primary School 400m2 , cost of (including is the available place for managementspot. The school is built IOOOyuan/mi 2 ; surface site expense) up for 3 years, and can be place of management department 2 house of 200 m , cost of after fitting up. The playground can be a new garden or 300yuan/ m2 parking lot. It doesn't need much for total expenses. 2. When noise reduction measures are taken, the outer balcony on both sides of the building can be added, costing 300,000 RMB yuan and a building of managementdepartment of I million RM4EIyuan. 4 the out corridor of closure areas: 192 m- 2.80 the out corridor on the second floor to be closed with glass. the second floor in Wanghai Primary school building to be closed 5 planting trees about 3000 m', S areas, 15.0 planting trees will add the landscape. 2 cost of 50 yuan/ m

6 Double-layer glass about 750 m', 150 15.0 the people in the connectingroadside apply it. windows household, cost of 200 2 yuanmin

Refer to 5-3 for the analysis. It shows that the measures proposed in the EIA are technically rational. So the impact from environmental noise pollution (noise, vibration and tail gases) will be solved thoroughly. To see Fig.5-1, Fig.5-2 and Fig.5-3 the main sensitive spots.

5.1.5 Landscape Protection (1) The detail alignment will be determinedto minimize spots, volume and areas of cutting limestone mountains. In the preliminary design, elabration has made and the amount of earth/stone work in relation to limestone mountains has been reduced by 9%, the areas o,f side slopes by 8%, and thus the number of cutting sites by 7 to 61, compared with those in the feasibility study. Further efforts will be made in the detail design to further lessen the impacts on the landscape of limestone mountains. (2) On all of cutting sites, appropriate mitigation measures incluclingthe restoration of vegetation will be taken. All plantable cutting slopes will be covered with turf. Cutting at some low and steep slopes will be a little expanded so as to turm the slopes gentle for grass plantation. A 50 cm-wide planting belt on shoulders at some I Omand higher steep slopes will be designed to allow such grass as Boston Ivy to grow on the slopes. The sections requiring large excavation along the highway and protecting measures show in Table 5-4. (3) Trial sections would be set up in an early stage of construction, where the environmental mitigation measures against the cutting of limestone mountains addressed in the EA reports will be examined in order to identify the most effective and practical measures.

5.1.6 Water Pollution Sewage treatment facilities will be set up at the service areas and toll stations. Secondary biological treatment is recommended.

5.1.7 Cultural Relics Cultural relics survey was carried out and no important cultural relics were found out in the working area of the project.

89 5.2 Measuresin Construction Phase

5.2.1 Ecological Measures and Suggestions

5.2.1.1 Ecological Resources (1) Temporary settlement tanks will be dug at the locations where there is runoff in construction of subgrade to catch mud and sand. The tank is usually 0.5 m deep, and the size depends on the area of catchment. Geotextile will be provided at the outlet where necessary.These places will be rehabilitated on completionof the work.. (2) Borrow earth will be planned, and it is required that borrow, leveling, rehabilitation and plantation be implemented at the same time. In the plain areas, the borrow pits will be suggested to be used as fishing pools. Before excavationthe maisseswill be consultedabout locations of borrow pits.

90 Fig5-1

91 Fig.5-2

92 Fig.5-3

93 Table 5-4 Statistical data for the sections requiring large excavation a ong Shuiren-NanningHighway No. (fSrOStakes [Length depth Exposedarea Amountiof No. ~~~(from-to) (mn) dephn)2 exaaion) Cuttingslope and protecting measures

I K96+992-K97+312 320 17.5 11200 154980 Theexcavation is conducted in layers,for each10m excavation, a new and higherplatform beginswith the crosssection r (h. excavationin the form Of a trapezium.l'he side slopesfor the upper layers anti the lower ones are 1:1 and 1:1.0 respectively.The e%tcavaledearthtstone will be usedto fill the troughfor the subgradie.The exposediarea of the si(leslope 2 K97+440-K97+540 100 2L.6 3456 73224 will be protectedby framesof stoneplates cemented with mortar,with grassesor climbersbetween them.

All theexcavation at the spuris conductedin layers,for each 10mexcavation, a newand higherplatform beginswit thecross section of theexcavation in the formof a trapezium.Tihe si(le slopesIor the upperlayers and the lower onesare 1: 3 K97+902-K98+030 128 IS 3072 54000 and 1:0.75respectively, l'he excavatedearth/stone will be usedto build the embankmentat both endsof the section.Tb exposedarea of the side slopeswill be protectedby framesof stoneplates cemented with mortar,with grassesor climber betweenthem.

All theexcavation at hills is conductedin layers,for each10m excavation, a new andhigher platfomi beginswith the cro sectionof theexcavation in the formof a trapezium.T'he side slopesfor the upperlayers and the lowerones are 1:1 and 1:0. 4 K98+267-K98+500 233 10 3495 55337 respectively.The excavatedearth/stone will be usedto fill the gtillies for the subgradeat both endsof the section.'I'h exposedarea of the side slopeswill be protectedby framesof stoneplates cemented with mortar,with glassesor climber betweenthem.

5 K99+717-K99+876 159 10 2385 37763 All the excavationis conductedin layers,for each lOmexcavation, a newand higherpliatforimi begins with the eroc sectionof the excavationin the form of a trapezium.The side slopesfor the upperlayers and the lower ones . are 1:1 an 1:0.75respectively. The excavatedearth/stone will be usedto till the gullies for thesubgra(le at bothends of the section.T'I exposedarea of the side slopeswill be protectedby framesof stoneplates cemented with mortar,with grassesor climber 6 K105+620-K105+772 152 10 3048 22809 betweenthem.

. Allthe excavation at the ridge is conductedin layers.fo)r each l(nmexcavation, a new and higherplatfornr begins witl the crosssection of theexcavation in the formof a trapezium.The side slopesfor the uipperlaycrs and the lowerones are 1: and 1:0.5respectively. The excavated earth/stone will be hauledto sectionK107+300-K107+488 to build embankment 7 K107+488-K107+604 116 14 3200 24372 The exposed ther areaof the side slopeswill be protectedby framesof stone platescemented with mortar,with grasseso climbersbetween them.

All the excavationat thehill is conductedin layers,for each10m excavation, a newandi higher platlorm beginiswit thecross section of theexcavation in the formof a trapezium.The side slopesfor the upperlayers and the lowerones are I: 8 KI I 1+020-K112+124 104 10 1560 24700 and 1:0.75respectively. The excavatedearth/stone will be usedto build embankmentat both endsof it. l'he exposedarea a the sideslopes will be protectedby framesof stoneplates cemented with mortar,with grassesor climbersbetween them.

The excavatedside slone is 1:1! The excavatedearth/sionie will be usedto build embankmentat both endsof it. Ti exposedarea of the side slopeswill be coveredwith grassesor climbers. Becauseon both sides of the recommende Kii2+332-K112+413 81 9 850 16676 alignment_are_irrigated_rields,_the_schemeis rational.

94 10 K117+070-K117+402 332 IS 11852 123504 All the excavation at the ridge is conducted in layers, for each 1Omexcavation, a new and higher plafiorm begins witl II K 117+953-K118+060 107 15.3 2892 40797 the cross section of the excavation in the form of a trapezium. 'he side slopes for the upper layers and thic lower ones ar 1:0.5and 1:0.3 respectively. The exploded stone is will be used to fill the gullies at both enids of it. The exposed area of tih side slopes will be covered with grassesor climbers. 12 K118+172-K118+421 249 16.5 5752 120502

13 KI18+516-K119+118 602 15 12642 223944 T'he excavation is conducted in layers, for each lom excavation, a new and higher platform begins with the cros 14 K119+566-K119+846 280 12.5 5880 83300 section of the excavation in the fomi of a trapezium. lThe side slopes for the upper layers and the lower oncs are 1:0.5 atn 1:0.3 respectively. The exploded stone will be dumpedl to the barTen trotughs except a small amount userd to bihil embankment at both endsof it and Bridge 2. 'I'he exposed area will be covered with grasses or climhers. 15 K120+730-K121+096 366 15 7685 136152

16 K122+020-K122+118 98 14 2573 42601 The excavation is conducted in layers, for each 10m excavation, a new arid higher platform begins with the cros section of the excavation in the form of a trapezium. rhe side slopes for the upper layers and the lower ones are 1:1 an( 1:0.75 respectively. All the excavated earth/stone will be hauled to l)iaojing River Itridge and dunipecl into troogh to buil l 17 K122+188-K122+340 154 17.5 5053 91933 the embankment. All the exposed area of the side slopes will be protected by frames of stone plates cemented with morta with grassesor climbers between them.Intersecting ditches will be dug at 5m away fronmthe top of eachslope to prevent th

18 K122+102-K122+536 104 12.5 2438 38659 slope from scouring

19 K123+286-K123+430 144 17.5 4725 85964

20 K123+646-Kt23+842 196 12.5 4594 72857

21 K124+080-K124+188 108 11.5 2329 23360

22 K124+696-K124+988 292 17.5 9581 174315

23 K105+120-.K120+242 122 II1 2516 2J 38146K1510K2+412ll21All the excavation at the ridge is conducted in layers, for each tOm excavation, a new and higher platform begins with thc 24 K125+590-K125+906 316 20 20145 229416 cross section of the excavation in the form of a trapezitim. T'he side siopes for the uppcr layers and the lower ones arc 1:1 and 1 :0.75 respectively. The excavated earth/stone will be used to rill the gullies for the subgrade at both enids of the section. Th 25 K125+940-K126+080 140 15 5119 67043 exposed areawill be protected by frames of stone plates cemented with mortar, with grassesor climbers between them. Grasseswill be planted on the platforms and draining ditches with a cross section of 0.430.4m will be provided. Intersectin 26 K126+216-K126+442 226 27.5 15149 266390 ditches will be dug at Sm away from the top of each slope to prevent scouring.

27 K126+832-K127+002 170 16 6120 89216

28 K127+114-K127+203 88 15 2970 42141

29 K127+482-K127+596 114 10 2565 31407

95 30 K130+-912-K131+004 92 12.5 3220 32401 Forall thesections, the excavation is conductedin layers,for each 1Omexcavation, a newand higherplatform begin with the crosssection of theexcavation in the form of a trapezium.The side slopesfor the upper layersand the lowerone 31 K131+036-K131+224 188 12.5 4933 66221 are 1:1 and 1:0.5respectively. All the excavatedearth/stone will be used to build the embankmentat both endsof eac section.The exposedareas of theslopes will be protectedby framesor stone platescemented with mortar,with grasseso climbersbetween them. 32 K131+440-K131l+670 230 I1 5534 68437

33 K131i+764-K131+864 100 II 2118 29755 34 34 K132+760-KI33+060 All theexcavation is conductedin layers,for each 10mexcavation, a new and higherplatform beginswith thecros 300 10 8925 90150 sectionof theexcavation in the formof a trapezium.The side slopesfor the upperlayers and the lowerones are 1:1andl 1:0. 35 K133+108-K133+320 212 16 10091 24826 respectively.The excavatedearth/stone will be usedto build the embankmentat both endsof it. rhe exposedarea will b ______pr~~~~~~~~otectedby framesof stone platesecemented with mortar,with gras5sestrclimbersbetween them. 36 K135+150-K135+258 108 10 2295 32454 37 K135+352-K135+450 98 15.5 3228 55045

The side slopesfor theupper layers and the lowerones are 1:1 and 1:0.75 respectively.The excavatedearth/stone wit 3. K74366 0 2be 38 K117+446-K137+676 230 12.5 8625 usedto build the embankmentat both endsof the section.1The exposed area will be protectedby framesof stoneplate 85495 cementedwith mortar,with grassesor climbersbetween them. Intersecting ditches Sm away from the top of the right slop will bedug toprevent scouring.

All theexcavation is conductedin layers,for each10m excavation, a new andhigher platform beginswith the cros the 39 K138+150-K138+264 sectionof excavationin the form of a trapezium.The side slopesfor the upper layersand the lower onesare 1:0I5an 114 14 2234 38942 1:0.3respectively. The excavated earth/stone will be usedto build the embankmentat both endsof thesection. The expose areawill be protectedby framesof stoneplates cemented with mortar,with grassesor climbersbetween them.

Allthe excavationis eonductedin layers,for each tOrexcavation, a new and higherplatform beginswith the cro5 sectionof the excavation in theform of a trapezium.The sideslopes for the upperlayers and the lowerones are 1:t.215 an( 40 K138+674-Ki38+922 248 10 5797 74524 1:1 respectively.The excavatedearth/stone will be usedto build the embankmentat both endsof the section.The expose areawill be protectedby Framesof stoneplates cemented with morlar, with gtassesor climbers betweenthem. Interscctinj ditches5m away fromthe top Of the left slopewill be dug lo preventscouring.

41 K139+906-K140+170 264 16.5 11326 103455

42 K142+808-K143+073 265 12.5 8613 74697 Allthe excavationis conductedin layers,for each lOimexcavation, a new and higherplatform beginswith the cros the subgradeat eachend of thesection. The exposedarea will be coveredby grassesor climbers. 43 K143+872-KKI44+035 163 Is 3496 56969

44 K150+571-KI50+791 220 13.5 6178 67865

96 45 K175+981-K176+610 629 1 16600 173580

46 K191+962-K192+257 295 18 8750 147840 .______All theexcavation is conductedin layers,for each Om excavation,a new andhigher platlorrmbegins with thecros 47 K198+271-K198+554 283 13 9198 99264 sectionof the excavationin the form of a trapezium.The side slopesare 1:0.3.At the pass,the excavatedmaterial is har limestone,all of which will all be usedto build the subgradeat eachend of the section.T'he exposed area will be coveredh grassesor climbers. 48 K209+060-K209+346 286 13.6 6068 131780

49 K209+555-K209+804 249 16.2 6293 139812

All theexcavation is conductedin layers,for eachlom excavation,a newand higherplatformn begins with the crosssection of theexcavation in theform of a trapeziumand the sideslopes of 1:1.The excavatedcarth/stone will all he usedto build th 50 K230+S50-K230+984 134 12.4 4813. 61300 subgradeat eachend of thesection. The exposed area will be protectedby framesof stoneplates cemented with mortar,with grassesor climbers between them. Grasses will be plantedon the platformsand draining ditches with a crosssection of 0.430.4mwill be provided.

All the excavationat the ridge is conductedin layers,for each 10mexcavation, a new and higher platform with width of 1Sm beginswith thecross section of the excavationin the fortnOf a trapezium.T'he sile slopesfor the upperlayer 51 K234+165-K234+570 405 12.96 17681 270000 andthe lowerones are 1:0.75and 1:I respectively.The exposedarea will be protectedby iramesof stone platescemente with mortar,with grassesor elimbersbetween them. Grasses will be plantedon the piatlormsand draining ditches with crosssection of 0.430.4mwill be provided.

52 K240+995-.K241+165 170 15.75 5839 161520 52_ K240+995-K241+165 _170 1575589_612 All the excavationby the ridge is conductedin layers,for each t0mexcavation, a new and higher platform begin 53 K241+444-K241+570 126 15.4 3567 136830 with the crosssection of the excavationin the form of a trapezium. hle side slopesare taken as 1:1. T-heexcavatel .______earth/stonewill be usedto build the subgradeat eachend of the section.The exposedarea wilt he protectedby framess 54 K244+489-K244+760 272 13.92 8226 202832 stoneplates cemented with mortar,with grassesor climbersbetween them. intersecting ditches will be dug at 5m away fron the topof eachslope to preventthe slope from scouringby water. 55 K258+450-K258+730 282 14.3 11564 183000

56 K270+070-K270+264 194 10.8 10190 62400 The sideslopes for theupper layers and the lowerones are 1:1and 1:0.75respectively. Ihe excavatedearth/stone wit be usedto build the subgradeat each end of the section.The exposedarea will be protcdct by frames of stoneplate cementedwith mortar,with grassesor climbersbetween them. intersecting ditches will be dug at Sm away from the top o 57 K271+l I0-K272+030 920 7 29000 17400 theslope on theright to preventit from scouringby water.

58 K304+753-K304+926 173 13 12180 108400 The excavationis conductedin layers, for each10m excavation,a new and higher platform begins with the cros 59 K306+520-K306+906 386 31820 214320 sectionof theexcavation in the form of a trapezium.'rhe side slopesfor the upperlayers and the lower onesare 1:0,75an ______'______1:1 respectively.The excavatedearth/stone will be hauledto section K306+360-K306+520and K306+906-K307+1300) 60 K307+453-K307+841 388 14.6 34500 334410 build the embankment.The exposedarea will be protectedby framesof stoneplates cemented with mortar,with grasseso ______climbersbetween them. 61 K313+680-K313+840 160 10.4 9500 68300

97 5.2.1.2 Land Protection (1) Temporary land taking will be to the minimum. (2) The road will be accepted together with works of plantation, slope protection and drain ditches. (3) When land for temporary use is concemed, the top fermented soil will be collected for rehabilitationafter the work is completed. (4) No borrow will be allowed to excavate from farmland at will. (5) Workers will be educated to protect animals and no poaching will be allowed.

5.2.1.3 Sewage and Wastes Working wastes and sewage will be under good treatment in case of pollution.

5.2.2 Noise (1) In order to reduce the time exposing loud noise, it is suggested that the workers operate noise3producing machines on shift basis. Besides, the machinery will be maintained properly to keep it in lowest noise level. The workers will wear earplugs and helmets. (2) When the construction sites are 200m within the residential areas, no noise producing construction activities will be allowed between 22:00 - 6:00. (3) Interfere with teaching activities will be minimized at the sections of schools by consultation with schools in order to ensure the suitable time of high noise machinery working.

5.2.3 Air Pollution (1) The storage site and mixing stations will located at least 300 m from residential areas on the leeward side and haulageroads will be sprayed regularly to reduce dust. (2) The construction sites also will be sprayed regularly, mainly on sunny days, twice a day in the moming and in the aftemoon.

5.2.4 Water Pollution (1) Muddy water caused by mud excavation and material washing pollutes water. Cofferdams and caissons will be used in bridge construction with the former applying to the construction in the river with smaller flow and wider surface and the latter applying to the river larger flow. (2) Waste water at worker' camp will be properly treated by septic tank, etc. and disposed of. (3) Oil leakage from machinery and ships or waste oil will not be discharged into the river. They should be collected and recycled as appropriate. (4) Asphalt, oil and chemicals will not be stocked at the places close to the water bodies, and they will be covered with mufflers to avoid them running into the water bodies.

5.2.5 Traffic Management and Safety (1) The proposed alignment goes parallel to the 210 National Highway and crossing it several times at Section Honglong - Duan, so it is very important to guide the traffic. It is suggested to construct the road section after section. Wardenswill be posted to guarantee smooth traffic and safety. Detours will be built at crossings prior to the construction. (2) Wardens will be posted at crossings, school sections and residential areas to ensure that they are safe. (3) The working time must be in schedule at some blasting sections. At blasting, no vehicles and pedestrians are allowed to cross. The neighbouring villagers can be subsided for their temporarily leaving at blasting. (4) No crossing of pedestrians is allowed when building up bridges.

5.2.6 Cultural Relics Construction works will be stopped inmmediatelyif any culturalrelics are discovered as a result of road construction or excavation activities. The local cultural relics authorities will be informed. Excavation will not be resumed unless the authorities approve of it.

5.2.7 Vibration Monitoring When vibrationOproducing construction (compaction of piers or operation of vibrating rollers) is carried out, the impact on neighboring adobe houses will be supervised. Reparative measures will be taken if they are exposed to severe vibration or blasting and likely to suffer from damage.

98 5.2.8 Visual Resources It is suggested to locate borroNvsites at smaller hillsides. In excavation, it is better to cut off the whole hill head to make use of. If it is impossible to make full use of, it is better to excavate at the backside. hen hills are used as borrow sites, empty holes can not be left but a slope so as to the restorationof vegetations.

5.3 Measures in Operation Phase

5.3.1 Zonal Planning on Either Side of the Road The prediction of traffic noise reveals that in the long-term of operation (2024) the noise levels within 100 m of the road are below class 4 of GB 3096- 93 (Standard levels on both sides of artery road). Therefore, no villages (within 50m) and schools (within lOOm)or other sensitive locations will be built.

5.3.2 Traffic Noise (1) No Homing Markswill be posted at the sections near schools. (2) At accesses of road, noise:monitoring stations will be installed,and the vehicles with loud noise will not be allowed to run on the road. (3) Noise barriers or other appropriate noise prevention measures will be taken at locations where noise exceeds the standard,based on the result of monitoring. (4) With the necessary prevention measures, the excess levels can be controlled below 5dB at villages; below 2.0 dB at schools in daytime.

5.3.3 Air Pollution (1) Afforestation by planting trees on both sides. The natural conditions along the alignment are good for growth of trees, it is required that high trees and bushes should be planted where possible on either side to absorb pollutants and beautify the environment. (2) The vehicles on the road will be tested ad hoc in emitting pollutants. Those in great excess of pollutants will not be allowed to run on the road. 5.3.4 Potential Risk of Water Pollution (1) Sewage treatment facilities will be set up at the service centers. The sewage will not be discharged unless is disposed of properly. For it, secondary biological treatment procedures are suggested. (2) Different kinds of leakage and material spill will be avoided to prevent water bodies from being polluted. (3) Public Security Departments will be informed about the transportation of hazardous materials, and they can be transported only with their approval, especially at the section of water protection of Chengjiang River, i.e. K163 - K171. (4) At section K163 0 K141, five settlement tanks will be dug to catch the runoff from the road lsides to alleviate the impact on water quality. (5) In case of foggy weather, the speed of vehicles will be controlled, and no transportation of hazardous materials will be allowed. (6) Driving will not be allowed when drunk, tired, or overtaken.

5.3.5 Aesthetics and Plantation (1) The school and village areas will be treed and sodden to create scenic belts. (2) Highway management areas will also be treed and sodded to make the environment more beautiful.

5.3.6 Vehicle Management (1) Better vehicle maintenance/management will be enhanced to keep vehicles in good conditions. Vehiclenoise and emission inspection will be strengthened. If a vehicle does not comply with the noise and/or emission standards, the vehicle will not be allowed to pass until the problem is rectified. Periodical and random exhaust gas emissions inspection will be undertaken. (2) Public awareness and education will be promoted to familiarizepeople with the problem of air pollutionand noise fromvehicles and withrelated regulations.

99 5.4 Suggestions To decrease traffic accidents at connecting lines, it is suggested to install dividing facilities after the highway is put into operation according to the increase of traffic volume.

5.5 Preventive Schemes Against Soil Erosion

5.5.1 Bases of Schemes and Objectives (l) Laws & Regulations Water and Soil Conservation Act of the PRC; -ImplementationRules of Water and Soil Conservationof the PRC; -ManagementMethods on Water and Soil Conservation in Development Projects by the State Planning Commission et al; -ManagementMethods on Water and Soil Conservationby the Ministry of Water Conservancy; *TechnicalSpecifications of Water and Soil Conservationby the Ministry of Hydro-power; *Circularon Cartying out ManagementMethods in Water and Soil Conservation Projectsby Guangxi Water Conservancy Division et al. (2) Objectives *Tominimize damage to water and soil conservationfacilities, and to compensate for the damage if any; *Todispose of waste earth and stone in a proper way; *Toget rid of possible collapses, slides and subsides; *Torestore top soil and vegetation at the exposed areas resulted from cutting; *Toavoid soil erosion damage to other units or individuals; -To put forward engineering measures against soil erosion.

5.5.2 Preventive Measures against Soil Erosion (1) Preventive measures against soil erosion during excavation of subgrade in plain areas When the excavation takes place where there is runoff, temporary earth settlement tanks will be dug. The settlement tank takes the shape of a pit of 0.5 m deep and 20-30 square meters area. When it rains, the speed of the rainwater slows down in the tanks. As a result, mud and sand settled down. At the outlet side, geotextile is used to catch mud and sand for one more time. On completion of subgrade, the tanks will be filled. Around earth dumps and at sections prone to soil erosion, geotextile will be used to catch mud and sand. The structure of geotextile enclosure is: the width is 65 cm; a pillar of 5 cm in diameter 3 meters apart is posted; textile is fixed onto the pillar which goes underground30 cm. 15 cm of textile is pressed with earth. The location needed settlement tank are following: K96+500, K104+000, K109+850, K112+250, K132+050, K149+200, K150+530, K165+100, K168+460, K171+300, K174+600, K177+900, K180+700, K184+200, K189+200, K196+000, K199+000, K201+900, K206+800, K215+650, K220+300, K231+750, K251+650, K254+900, K261+300, K264+800, K269+700, K273+550, K276+440, K286+250, K289+850, K294+540, K303+400, K316+500, K320+480, K325+300, K329+000, K334+600. (2) Schemes to dispose of waste earth and stone There is cutting at heavy rolling areas, most waste earth at which will be used for filling. The surplus waste earth will not be heaped at will or dumped onto flood-land. Instead, it will be stored up in the waste earth sites. It can also be used for rehabilitation. In selecting and designing the waste earth sites, the following will be considered: 'The sites will not be located upstream of villages and large public utilities, neither will they be located downstrean of dangerous areas of collapses or slides; -The height of the dump will not be higher than the adjacent ground level; -On either side of the highest dump, drain ditches will be dug; -If the height is above Sm, there must be a terrace of 1.5-2.Omwith every 5m increment, the slope of which will not be greater than 1:1.0; To remove seepage, blind pipes will be installed.The diameter of the pipe will be 250 - 300mm buried with pebbles of 500mm depth. 'The surface of the waste sites will be planted with trees or grasses. (3) Preventive works

100 Large scale of cutting, filling, excavation of mountainswill lead to exposure of slopes resulting in soil erosion, collapses or slides. The slopes at roadsides and newly cutting will be protected. In the preliminarydesign, the concrete requirements have been suggestedabout preventive works: a) Embankment of filling To protect the slope of embankment of filling, when the magnitude of the slope is less 8m, the design cut slope is 1: 1.5; when the height is more than 8m, the cut slope is 1:1.5 at top part, 1:1.75 at lower part. For embankment of stone filling, when the magnitudeis less than 20m, the design cut is 1:1.3 at 8m; 1:1.5 below 8 m. When the magnitude is more than 20m, 1:1.3 at 8m above. Below that magnitude, the ratio varies every 12m. The slopes are in turn: 1:1.5, 1:1.75 and 1:1.2. A lm high terrace is provided every two stages. b) Sections of cutting The construction in heavy rolling hilly areas, exposure of slopes of large areas is resulted from cutting and excavation. As a result, soil erosion, collapses and slides occur. Therefore, the exposed slopes need to be protected. The work amount of protection is in table 5-5. For embankment slope protection, see Table 5-6. When the height of slope in more than 10m, there is a terrace every 10 m the width of which is 2m or Im depending on their geological conditions. On the terrace a rectangular drain ditch of 40 x 40cm is dug. Table 5-5 Large Slopes Caused by Cutting Mountains station protectiveslope catchmentditches (m) length(m) averageelevation (m) area (mnJ K97+2000+600 400 20 6000 440 K107+2502+450 200 15 3000 230 K 114+950D115+120 170 20 3400 210 K116+9500K117+450 S00 10 5000 520 K122+5000+750 200 25 5000 250 K124+2500+400 ISO 25 3750 200 K134+3000+600 300 35 10500 370 K144+4003+650 250 18 8750 286 K]45+4500K146+050 600 22 13200 644 K155+8000K156+200 400 20 8000 440 K157+3500+760 410 17 6970 444 K161+5200+850 330 18 5940 366 K175+3400+660 320 20 6400 360 K191+3000+550 250 18 8750 286 K208+3800+550 170 12 2040 194 K208+800DK209+050 250 16 4000 282 K224+1500+360 160 12 1920 284 K238+3600+700 340 13 4420 366 K244+6500+900 250 20 5000 290 K246+8000K247+050 250 25 6250 300 K247+3000+500 200 25 5000 250 K250+0800+350 270 15 4050 300 K265+2500+700 450 14 6300 478 K271+1000+360 260 I_ 3900 290 K306+2500+620 370 18 6660 406 K307+2500+650 400 16 6400 423 K308+3000+650 350 19 665 388 Table5-6 Grade of EmbankmentSlope typesof soiland stone elevationof slope D20 20030 looser 1:1.0]1:1.5 1:1.501:1.75 ordinarysoil compactor moderatelycompact 1:0.501:1.0 1:0.7501:1.15 cementing 1:0.3D 1:0.5 1:0.501:0.75 loess . 1:0.101:1.25 1:0.4r01:1.25 mnagmatite,thicklimestone or silicon, 1:0.10 1:0.75 1.0101:1.0 calsiungravel gneiss marble stones sand, conglomerate, thinlimestone, 1:0.101:1.0 1:0.201:1.25 harderstale shale, phyllite, mica chlorite, talcose 1:0.201:1.25 1:0.301:1.5 rockcarbonaceous shale

c) Protection of embankment According to the landform, geological conditions and properties of filling, the following measures are proposed: -Sodding for the slope less than 1.5m of earth;

101 Diamond-shapeframe protection for slopes between 1.5 - 5m. A square is provided 2m apart, and in the square grass is planted. Arc frame protection for slopes of earth more than 5m in which grass is planted; 'Stone masonry slope for slopes exposedto flood or near outlets of bridges and culverts; ,Stone masonry toe for half-cutting half-fillingembankment. The toe will not be higher than Sm, and 7.5 mortar bond. 'Stone retainingwalls for steeper natural slopes, the height of which will not be more than 20m. (4) Drainageworks Rain seepage and artesian aquifer contributes to slope collapse and slides to great extent. Therefore, at slopes of large cutting, drain ditches will be provided to ensure that the runoff on both sides is discharged more smoothly and faster. The following requirements will be met in designing of drainage facilities. a) The .side ditches will be placed parallel to the road to remove the runoff of the pavement or from upstream. The side ditches will be dug in the following way: 'The minimum longitudinal slope will be above 0.5%; '25 year floods design; 'Lining ditches will be dug at the sectionsvulnerable to erosion; at other sections earth ditches dug. -Lining side ditches will be dug; 'The cross sections will be rectangular or trapezoid, and the width and depth will be no less than 30cm. However,at the sections prone to be blociced,L-shaped cross sections will be fit. b) Transversedrainage facilities The transverse drainage facilities are used to remove the runoff from natural gullies or pavement. The design requirementsare as follows: 'The alignment will be placed in cross cut way with natural gullies and irrigation channels; 'The drainage culverts and pipes will be orthogonal with the road. To prevent from eroding subgrade or the lower part of slopes, the outlets of culverts will be provided with drainage ditches to guide the runoff to safe places. The longitudinal slope of the drainage will not be less than 3% and at the inlets, catch facilities will be provided. c) Restoration of vegetation 'High trees and bushes will be planted on either side within right-of-way, at crossings or in the vicinity of residential areas(within 50m); 'Subgrade slopes and cutting slopes of mountains will be sodded or grassed; 'The permanent waste sites will be compacted and covered with surface soil to restore vegetation; 'It is suggested to plant fast-growth trees like masson pine, acacia rachii, Chinese sweet gum, cypress, camphor tree, camplotheca acuminata and oriental white oak; grasses are ciliate desert-grass, caloglossa, asparagus and yellow couchgrass etc.

5.5.3 ImplementationManagement of Schemes (1) Institutionalarrangement Water and soil conservation programs will be in the charge of Guangxi Communications Division and the highway construction commnissionagencies. Their responsibilities contain: construction drawing design the contents and requirements of which will be specified in tending documents as contracts; the facility quality and schedule will be monitored by experts; the acceptance staff will be include experts from EP units and water conservation units. In operation phase, specialized staff will be assigned by Guangxi High-class Highway Agency to take care of highway environrnentalprotection and water conservationworks. Their work also include routine and maintenance work.. (2) Technicalmeasures 'In inviting tenders, the traits, awareness of environmental protection and water conservation of the workers will be taken into account; 'Qualified technicians water and soil conservation will be assigned for supervision; 'Fund will be set aside by both employer and contractor for training or monitoring of soil erosion etc.

102 CHAPTER6 ALTERNATE\VES

The contests of this chapter have been worked out through careful discussion between the EIA team and designers.Limited by the landform of the origin and destination, the general alignment has already been identified. The alignment is 100 km shorter than the one originating from Hechi via Liuzhou to Nanning. Therefore, it has remarkableadvantages. Under the general scheme, the alignment has three sectional alternatives namely Diaojiang alternative, Duan7Wuming and WumingONanning altematives. See Fig.6-1 and Annex Figure for their alignments.

6.1 Comparisonbetween Construction and Non-Construction The current Shuiren-Nanning road is one part of No21O in Guangxi province, lastng 283km in length. Except the 37km class two Nanning-Wumingsection, the others are in class three or four even out of class road. Before the highway project, the traffic volume on Shuiren-Nanning section are predicted as in table 6-1.

Table6-1 The CurrentRoad Traffic Volume Prediction (veh./d) year Shuire-Duan Duan-Mashan Mashan Wuming Wuming-Nanning [ 2004 1372 3417 6306 8818 2010 2546 4628 8582 12754 -2020 3837 6484 11]69 19175 2024 4843 7907 . 13421 23370 If the current road is reformed, the prediction traffic volume will be higher than in table 6-1. the traffic volume by prediction in table 6-1 have exceeded their transportationcapabilities with its relevant road levels. The advantages for the constructionto be or not to be can be comparedin table 6-2. The comparison tells that the advantages from highway construction are superior to the nonconstruction.It is very necessary to built up the highway.

6.2 Alignmentof Alternatives(See Fig. 6-1) 1) Diaojiang Section (reconmmendedscheme station K107 + 000 D K128 + 000): Straight Scheme(R line): The alignment goes down gently from K107+000to DiaojiangRiver. Then via Fanyakou of Ganyang goes to and connected with the alternative

Table6-2 Comparisonof Shui-NanHighway to be or not to be Constructed factor to be constructed not to be constructed I)safety improvement of road conditions with higher safety the existing road in bad condition, some parts of roads changing into streets, leading to more traffic acciden ts 2)noise,air The new highway will attract most traffics. Compared Big traffic volume on the existing road with slow speed to the lownoise and air pollution on the existing road, and worse noise and air quality. The street-like pats of the new road will meet the standards on air and noise road will leadto larger renovationworks and expenses after some available measures to be taken. 3)living quality The completion of the Highway will improve the The closed poor areas are short of connection with some connection between the poor areas as Duan, Mashan other places because of the difficult transport of local and outer world. The easy transport of local products products, which leads to slow development. will enhance iocal economics and living conditions. 4)land occupition The shortening of farmland can be compensated for the The fund shortage in locals limit the exploitation of local locals to exploit the first and the third industrials with economics except the only single and slow development the great help of local resources. of agriculture. The agricultural development on poor land can not possibly increase the local conditions in economy.

103 Fig.6- 1

14 alignment (20.90 km). Scheme A: Originating from K107+000, it goes down to the Diaojiang River, and it crosses it at 800 m upstream of Nalao Village. Then after passing Fanyalou of Jioubei, it is connected to the recommendedalignment (22.47km). The Straight scheme(R line) has been chosen as the recommended scheme in the project feasibility study report for its shorter alignment (and one culvert less than A)and smaller work amount. 2) Duan:iJWumingSection (recommended scheme K168+850 OK226+050) Straight Scheme (R line): Oroginating from Banyao Village K168+850, it goes on till Jiangpo and there it crsosses The Chengjiang,the via Gaoling, Batang, and it crosses the Hongshui River near Linjiang Village, at last it destines at Dongji through Leyu and Naliang (total length is 57.2 km'i. Scheme B: Originating from Banyao village, via Tangjiou,east of Duan Town and Yangan, it crosses Hondshui River at Xiaye Village of Mashang.Then it is connected to the straight alignment at Naling after passing through Liouhe and Mashan CountyTown.( total length is 59.555 krm). The straight scheme(R line) has been chosen as the recommended one for its shorter mileage and small work amount. In addition, it is also beneficialfor the local ecorLomicgrowth avoiding the densely populated areas through which R.210 passes. It occupies less farrnland, needs less demolition and removal. It is also convenient for the traffic of Dahua County. 3) WumingONannung Section (station of recommended line K300+780]K320+100) Straight scheme (R line): Origination from Leiwang, it is destined at Ou village via Nawang K307+650, west of Zhi village Reservoir,north side of Jiantang Hills and Xijing. The total length is 19.320Km. C-line scheme: Originating from Leiwang, it heads for the nortlhof WeiyanlingTunnel, there it is connected with the existing class[3twohighway. They share the same line for 7.1km. The it leaves the class-two highway at Gokou at the mountain foot by means of grade separation. It is connected to the Straight line at Pingle west of Ding village (K320+100).The total length is 17.064km. Considering the function of Nanning City as a satellite city, the Straight Scheme(R line) has been recommendedby the Project FeasibilityStudy Report.

LandscapeProtection is a very important factor in selecting route. To minimize spots, volume and areas of cutting limestone mountains, the designers and experts have done follows: 1. Differenttechnical standardhave been adopted according to the predicted amount of traffic and actual topography. 2. According to the requirements of technical standards, the best route has been selected. 3. Further adjust the alignment location, to reduce the amount of cutting mountain. By studying, the amount of earth/stone work is reduced by 6,994,949m3 and the area of side slopes is reduced by 502,9 1lm 2 respectively,which is certainly beneficial to environmentalprotection. 4.The recommnendedalignment schemeshave been chosen on the basis of layout of the alignment in plan and elevation, excavation, amount of work involved, land to be acquisitioned, houses to be demolished and people to be resettled and environmnentalimpact. In the preliminary design, elabration has made and the amount of earth/stone work in relation to limestone mountains has been reduced by 9%, the areas of side slopes by 8%, and thus the number of cutting sites by 7 to 61, compared with those in the feasibility study. Further efforts will be made in the detail design to further lessen the impactson the landscape of limestone mountains.

6.3 Comparisonof Schemes (See Table 6-3) Comparison has been made from the perspective of factors of engineering, economics, environment and removal. See Table 6-3.

Table6-3 Comparison of AlignmentSchemes

D. item unit Diao River Section DuanOWumingSection WumingONanningSextion R line A line R line B line R line C line

. ' I.mileage km 20.9979 22.4703 57.20 59.555 19.32Q 17.0604 2.embankment Km3 3294.99 3918.89 2680.4 2748.8 4634.1 3806.1 earthwork 3.drainge works Km3 18.69 47.60 108.4 110.2 132.5 136.9

4.largebridge n/place 464.813 469.5/3 13011 315/2 160/10

105 tunnel _ rn/set 200'1 = conclusion recommended recommended recommended total cost 10,000 27016 27742 39606 39801 50232 54379

cost per km 10,000 2104 2325 692 668 2600 31S7

yuan/km I__ local economy more benefits less more benefits less benefits benefits

_ vilages * 0,0 0/1 17/34 20/42 0/3 012 towns * 0/0 0/0 0/0 1/2 0/0 0/0

school * 0/0 0/0 2/4 2i6 0/0 0/0 hospitals 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/1 0/0 0/0

3 rivers i 1 2 2 l soil erosion minor signficant minor signficant significant minor

public hearings in favor against in favor against land occupied mu 866 892 1365 1392 2004 1664 landscape minor significant minor minor minor significant 2 a houses demolished 1000m 1.55 0.4,7 15890 18220

!L population of large small small large resenlement conlusion recommended recommended recompared recompared

Note: * Excess & total amount.

6.4 Conclusion 1. By the comparison, the advantagesare superior obviously in environmentalprotection. 2.The partial section comparisonsreach the following conclusions: (1) Alternative of Diaojiang Section The table displays that the number of the villages, schools and towns exposed to traffic noise and air pollution remains the same in both schemes.However, the Straight Scheme(R line) takes less land and there is less work amount and soil erosion. The local governnents and public are in favor of the Straight Scheme. Besides, environmentallyit superior to Scheme A too. For this reason, the Straight Scheme(R line), is recommended in the Assessmientjust like in the Feasibility Study Report. (2) Alternative of Duan 0 Wuming SectionFrom Table 6-3 we know that the number of the villages and schools affected by air and noise pollution in the straight scheme is less than that in Schemes B. The route goes by Gaoling Town,wherepopulation is concentrated and crowded, as well as by many schools. Besides, the straight scheme is superior to Scheme B in the following aspects: the length, land use, demolition and removal, work amount, soil erosion and traffic flow. For this reason, the straight alignment is recommended in the Assessment just like in the Feasibility Study Report. (3) Alternative section of WumingONannlingTable 6-3 shows that the C-line has less work amount and shorter & mileage. Besides, the two schemes have almost the same environment factors and work amount of removal. Therefore, it is suggested to decide in preliminary design phase through detailed comparison of factors of engineering and economics.

6.5 FurtherRoute Optimizing When the reconmmendedscheme is chosen, the design unit take all factors as excavation amount, noise etc into consideration before their optimizing the recommended route. 24 schools along the line has been reduced to 11, 68 large excavations to 61 and less cutting slopes. The impact reduces more.

106 CHAPTER7 ENVIRONMENTALBENEFIT/COSTANALYSIS

7.1 Estimated Cost on EnvironmentalProtection

7.1.1 Nonrecurring Cost on EnvironmentalProtection Works Based on the measures suggested in this assessment, the nonrecurmrngcost on the environmental protection works is listed in Table 7-1. The cost of some other items on environment protection is 10.885m RMB yuan. Expenses for plantation of expressway is expectedto be 100,000 RMB yuan/km, of class-two highwayl50,000 RMIByuan/lkm, totaling 16,9364 m RMB yuan. Put together with the nonrecurring cost, the total is 27.9994 m RMB yuan, which accounts for 0.67 of the total cost of the project (4,197.8222m RiMByuan). Table7-1 EstimatedNonrecurring Cost on EnvironmentalProtectiorn items contentsor estimation methods cost environmentalbenefits 10,000 RMB yuan environmentaldesign and environmentmonitorng, compilation 80 to know existing environment,to predict assessment of EiA, design of environment futureenvironment, to preventpollution, to engineenng beautify environment, to implement preventativemeasures. plantation landscape for Highway:100,000yuan/km; for 1693.64 to alleviateatmospheric & acousticpollution, protection (including class-tworoad: 50,000 yuan/km to restorevegetation, to protect people s cuttingslope vegetation) health, to beautify scenery, landscape m______recovery. measuresto preventnoise buildinghigh walls 4.5 to mitigatenoise & in schools l______1 school removal 60.0 to keep normalteaching buildingsound barriers 53.5 to keepnormal teaching treeing(at noiseoexceedingspots) 15.0 to mitigatenoise & pollution demolitionof farmhouses 156 to keepnormal life to closethe outercorridor at school 2.80 building .______double-layerglass windows 15.0 protectionmeasures at toll air conditioning,sound isolating 40 to keepstaffois health stations soil conservation settlementtanks: 1 0,OOOYuan x 38 38 to avoid soil erosion preventionfrom soil erosiionand land restoration Borrow and spoil sites treatment:2 200 millionYuan workingdust 1200daysx600 yuan/day 72 to mitigateair pollution watertreatment facilities oneseptic tank for all 10toll stations 20 to protectsurface water water treatmentat service water systemsat 2 service areas, 100 controlof waterquality andits vegetation andvegetation protection of water one oxidizing tank every 25 to protectwater sources sources 5km;5x50,000yuan personneltraining personnelfrom; highway construction 76 to irnprovetheir abilities in their lines units, managementunits, emergency units and environmentalprotection units protectionof culturalrelics includingcost for survey of cultural 15 to protectcultural relics

107 relics and excavation(with nc cost for contingency) supervisionexpenses environment supervision at 12 48 supervisionof implementationof EOPitems contract sections. 10,000 yuan/yr. section wardens for safety 20 persons for 4 years 40.0 to keep smooth trafficand pedestrianssafety total cost for monitorng 4 x 10.000 yuan for mon toring 40 to monitorenvironment in constructionphase and facilities facilities emergency accident monitonngexpenses to be 10 to reduce accidents of chemical trucks to

______reserved water body total 2799.94 Note: The resettlement cost of WeizouPrimary School has list in eng..not be countedhere.

7.1.2 Annual Cost on EnvironmentalProtection Works See Table 7-2 for detail. The total cost of 20 years operation is 20 yearsxO.54million = 10.80 million yuan. Table7-2 Cost of AnnualOperation for EnvironmentalProtection Facilities rder items cost (10,000yuan) 1 annual maintenancecost for environmentalprotection facilities 5.0 2 personneltraining 1.0 3 annualmonitoring cost 10.0 4 ! environmentaltreatment(from monitoring results) 30.0 5 EP staff salaries(8000yuan/yr.x 10) 8.0 total 54.0

7.1.3 Comparison of Cost on Environmental Protection Works VS the Total Cost The total estimated cost for the project is 4,197.8222m RMB yuan. The nonrecurring cost on EP works is 27,999,400 RMB yuan with the total annual working fund being 10.80m RMB yuan. The whole cost will be 38.7914m RMB yuan taking Up 0.92 of the total cost of the project. Thiismeans that the cost on EP is not a principal fund compared with the total cost. It reveals that there is less pollution in the study areas.

7.2 Environmental Benefit/Cost Analysis

7.2.1 Beneficial Analysis of EnvironmentalCost Impact of dust and noise on the environment is expected to occur in operation due to great traffic volume leading to disturbance to the local residenis. Therefore,environmental preventive rmeasureswill be taken to minimize the adverse impact. The preventive measures would retrieve an economic loss, i.e. the direct benefit resulting from the cost. The benefit includes, otherwise, the possible losses resulted from illness of labor and devaluationof land because of traffic noise and air pollution. Without these efficient preventive measures, the projected highway would result in some negative effect that could not be expressed in terms of money, for example deterioration of teaching, normal communication and other social problems. All theses would be the indirect benefit of the cost.

7.2.2 EconomicBenefit Analysis of Impacton Environment The economicanalysis can be expressedin temis of theeconomical benefit resulted fromthe annual cost on EP.The model is as follows:

n * Ej= i2 O) /H (7 1) i-I Z where: Ej-Economic benefit of environmental protection cost; Si-Economic loss retrievedby meansof EP measures; H - Annual cost on EP.

108 The economic loss that could be retrieved every year is estimated to be 0.6 million RMB yuan plus lots of indirect economic and social benefits, in addition to the improvement of local environment, smooth economic actions and tourism.Yet the annual capital on EP is only 1.93 million RMB yuan. So the benefit/costratio is Ej= 1.04. It shows that, the benefit is significant.For these reasons, the highway constructiondepartments should implementthese measures stage by stage according to the plan.

109

CHAPTER8 ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT AND MONITORINGPLAN

8.1 Planfor EnvironmentalManagement

8.1.1 EnvironmentalManagement Institutions and Their Responsibilities The environmentalprotection (EP) institutions fall into managerial and monitoring.

(1) Managerialinstitutions The Guangxi Communications Department (GCD) is responsible for the EP management. Its responsibilities are: to organize the feasibility study of the project construction; to make EP working plan for the project; to coordinate the EP managementbetween executive departments and employers; instruct employers to implement the managerial measures.The divisions are: The EP departmentunder PMO is responsible for the EP plans and environmental management in the design phase, and is responsible for the implementation and management of the EAP in the construction phase. The Guangxi Expressway Administrative Bureau (GEAB) is responsible for the EAP in the operation phase.

(2) Surveillance institutions See Fig. 8-1 for the surveillancethat will be conductedby stage. a) Stage of feasibilitystudy: The following institutions will be in charge: The State EP Bureau(SEPA),the EP commissionof the MOC, the EP Bureau of Guangxi (GEPB), the Bank and GCD. SEPA: the most superior executive department responsiblefor the routine surveillancein EP all over the country including review of the outlines of EIS, approval of EIS and guidance of implementationof regulations by the provincial EP bureau; responsible for check & acceptance of EP works. GEPB responsibilities: to supervise and manage EP in construction projects; to organize and coordinate service in EP; to review EIS, outlines of EIS when asked lbythe SEPA or to approve EIS; to supervise the implementation of EAP; to check and accept EP works; to determine regulations and standards in environmental management, and to guide the environmentalmanagement of the relevant cities and towns. b) Design phase The following institutions are responsible:the EP departmentunder PMO. c) Construction phase The following institutions are responsible: the EP agency under GCD, the Agency of PMO (3 staff) . The responsibilities of EP bureau of the prefectures and counties are to supervise the implementation of EAP under the guidance of EP bureau of the province, to implement the relevant regulations and standards in environmental management, to coordinate EP works of different

110 Fig.8-1 EP Institutional Arrangements Sketch of Shui-Nan Highway

III departments, to be responsible for the construction and acceptance of EP works and surveillance of operation service. d) Operationphase is in charge of by the GEAB and GEPB. e) The environmentalmonitoring in both constructionand operation phases is in the charge of the provincial environmental monitoring departments and the monitoring stations of the prefectures and counties concemed. During the construction phase, the two supervisors from the project agency of the PMO will be responsible for the supervision of the implementationof EP measures in EAP and tendering documents. Upon completionof the project, specialized people will be assigned to take responsibilitiesof EP in their areas in the following cities and counties: Hechi, Duan, Maslaan,Wuming and Nanning. Fire brigades and ambulancecorps will be coordinatedand controlledby the county governments.

8.1.2 EnvironmentalManagement andSurveillance Plan Refer to Table 8-1 and Table 8-2. Table 8-1 Environment Management Plan environmentalissues mitigativemeasures excessive in charge AC design phase 1. selection of The alignmentwill be selectedconsidering minimizing land acquisition, designer GCD alignment relocationand resettlement, and impact of air pollutionand noise on sensitive EIAunit PMO areasas residentialareas, cities and towns, etc The alignmentwill be selectedconsidering reducing cutting mountain to protectthe resourceof landscapes. 2. soilerosion Plantationof grasses& treeson slopes;retaining walls, catctment ditches, designer GCD mortarschist and subgrade drainage system will be installed;culvertswill be EIAunit PMO constructed. 3. air pollution On determinationof locationof spoil sites, quarries,wastie storage and designer GCD mixingstations, dust or otherelements of impacton environmenthave been EIAunit PMO takeninto account. 4. noise A combinationof measuressuch as resettlement,installaition of noise designer GCD barriers,double-layer glass windows, and afforestation will be undertakento EIAunit PMO mitigate the short and medium term noise problems. 5. culturalrelics Culturalrelics surveywas carriedout and no importantcultural relics were GAI GCD found out in the working area of the project. 6. land Plansfor landacquisition & resettlementwill bedrawn up GALR GCD acquisition PMO and resettlement 7. Riskof spill of RunOoffsettlement tanks will be dugto deal withpotential traffic accidents designer GCD hazardous resultedfrom truckswith hazardous goods EIAunit PMO goods 8 scenery 1.The detail alignment will bedetermined to minimizespots, volume designer GCD protection and areasof cuttinglimestone mountains. In thepreliminary EIAunit PMO design,elabration has made and the amount of earth/stonework in relationto limestonemountains has been reduced by 9%,the areasof sideslopes by 8%,and thus the numberof cuttingsites by 7 to 61, comparedwith those in the feasibilitystudy. Furtherefforts will be madein thedetail design to further lessenthe impactson the landscapeof limestonemountains. 2. Onall of cuttingsites, appropriate mitigabon measures including the restorationof vegetationwill be taken.All plantable cuttingslopes will be coveredwith turf. Cutting at somelow and steepslopes will be a little expandedso as to tum theslopes gentlefor grassplantation. A 50cm-wide planting belt on shouldersat some1 Om and higher steep slopes will be designed to allowsuch grass as BostonIvy to growon the slopes. The sectionsrequiring large excavation along the highwayand protecting measures show in Table5-4. 9. Social passesand gradeseparators will be constructedto facilitatethe crossings designer GCD Disruption of the expresswayby localpeople, animals and vehicles. EIAunit PMO 10. Water Sewagetreatment facilities will be set up at the serviceareas and toll designer GCD Pollution stations.Secondary biological treatment is recommended. EIAunit PMO B0 construction phase 1. dust & air All reasonablemeasures including water spraying will betaken, contractor GCD pollution indry seasonin particular; PMO -Materialstorage sites will be 300maway from residential areas . In addition,they will be coveredwith mufflers;and adopt water sprayingregularly. The haulagevehicles will becovered with mufflersto preventfrom spilling; -Mixerswill besealed properiy and provided with dustoremoving device

112 2. soil erosion & -Plantation of sod and trees where appropnate in three months after contractor GCOD water embankment was completed; repairing of damaged drainage and irrigation PMO pollution systems will be done; Sewage treatment facilities will be set up at the service areas and too stations. Secondarybiological treatment is recommended. Prevention from rver irrigation canals being blocked by all necessary measures, Temporaryditches or pipes will be built in building permanentones, ,To prevent sewage from discharging directly into rvers or canals, all necessary measures will be taken, e.g. settlement tanks Cofferdamsand caissons will be used in bridge constructionwith the former applying to the constructionin the river with smaller flow and wider surface and the latter applying to the river larger flow. Oil leakagefrom machinery and ships or waste oil will not be discharged into the river. They should be collected and recycled as appropriate. Asphalt, oil and chemicals will not be stocked at the places close to the water bodies, and they will be covered with mufflers to avoid them running into the water bodies.

3. noise -To protect workers from being hurt, they will be asked to wear helmets and contractor GCD earplugs and limited in working hours; PMO *No constructionactivities will be allowed between22:0006:00 at sites within 200 m there are residential areas; To keep machineryin low noise by proper maintenance -interferewith teaching activities will be minimizedat the sections of schools by consultationwith schools in order to ensure the suitable time of high noise machineryworking.

4. preservation -Temporarysettlement tanks will be dug at the locationswhere there is runoff contractor GCD of ecological in constructionof subgrade to catch mud and sand. The tank is usually 0.5 m PMO resources deep, and the size depends on the area of catchment. Geotextile will be provided at the outlet where necessary. These places will be rehabilitated on completionof the work. * Borrow earth will be planned, and it is required that borrow, leveling. rehabilitationand plantation be implemented at the same bme. In the plain areas, the borrow pits will be suggested to be used as fishing pools. Before excavation the masses will be consulted about locations of borrow pits. -Temporary land taking will be to the minimum. -The road will be accepted together with works of plantation, slope protection and drain ditches. 'When landfor temporaryuse is concemed,the top fermentedsoil will be collected for rehabilitationafter the work is completed. 'No borrow will be allowedto excavaitefrom farmland at will. 'Workers will be educated to protect animals and no poaching will be aflowed. 'Working wastes and sewage will be under good treatment in case of pollution.

5. cultural relics Excavation will be stopped immediately if any cultural relics are found . contractor GCD Excavationwill not be resumed until protective measureshave been taken by PMO the relics protection authorizes.

6. construction There will be garbage cans & sanitation facilities. Feces waste, domestic contractor GCD areas sewage can not be discharged into rivers or other water bodies unless PMO disposedof properly

7. haulage -To decrease dust and noise and minimize impact on existing transport, contractor GCO management haulage route will be selected carefully; PMO 'To consult transport &security departments for better controlof traffic; -To build temporary roads intersecting existing road properly; 'To avoid peak hours on existing road by drawing up reasonable transport schedules. 8. construction 'Safety markings will be set up on temporary road regulations suitable for contractor GCD safety temporary road will be adopted; PMO 'Effective safety measures will be taken during construction; during blast people and vehicles will be evacuated for safetyos sake. The use of explosive will be met with requirementsof safety department; 'Wardenswill be needed on construction sites for safety. scenery -scenery quality can be restored by strict implementation; contractor GCD protection 'borrow sites far from the highway, no steep slopes is formed by borrowing. Study PMO 'Trial sections would be set up in an early stage of construction, where the Institute of environmental mitgation measures against the cutting of -limestone GCD actor mountains addressed in the EA reports would be examined in order to identify the most effective and practial1 measures. 10 Vibration When vibrationOproducingconstruction (compaction of piers or operabon of PMO Monitoring vibrating rollers) is carried out, the impact onneighboring adobe houses will be supervised. Reparative measures will be taken if they are exposed to severe vibration or blasting and likely to suffer from damage. C Operation _ PMO

113 Jphase 1. zonal planing No villages (within 50m) and schools (within 100m) or other sensitive Local GEAB locations will be built along highway. Govenment 2. noise No homing markingswill be set up at school sections; Highway GEAB At accesses of road, noise7monitonng stations will be installed, and the Sections of vehicles with loud noise will not be allowed to run on the road. counties or Noise barriers or other appropriatenoise prevention measures will be taken cities at locations where noise exceeds the standard, based on the result of monitoring. -With the necessary prevention measures, the excess levels can be controlled below 5dB at villages; below 2.0 dB at schools in daylime. see Table 5-1, Table5-2 3. air pollution Afforestation by planting trees on both sides. The natural conditions along Highway GEAB the alignment are good for growth of trees, it is required that high trees and Sections of bushes should be planted where possible on either side to absorb pollutants counties or and beautify the environment. cities The vehicles on the road will be tested ad hoc in emitting pollutants. Those in great excess of pollutantswill not be allowedto run on the road. _ 4. vehicular Vehicles will be kept in good conditions by examining vehicular exhaust Highway GEAc3 management gases; vehicles with low speed and loud noise will not be allowed to go on Sections of road; counties or -The public will be educated to be aware of noise pollution and informed of cities relevant regulations. security departments 5. risk of spills -An emergency group will be organizedby GEAB & GEPB to deal with the Highway GEAB of hazardous emergency; the group will be responsiblealso for Managementof hazardous Sections of goods goods spill on highoclass highways all over the region. counties or * Transport of hazardous goods will have all the three certificaitesissued by cities security department; Special routes or stop locationswill be assignedby security department; -In case of spilling of hazardousgoods, relevant departmentswill beinformed immediatelyto take urgent measures.There will be another monitoringgroup to deal with similar accidents. 6 water Domestic sewage at toll stations will be disposed of by use of septc tanks, Highway pollution and then used as irrigationwater. Garbagewill be treated centrally. Sections of counties or cities environment Monitoring will be conducted based on relevant specifications;or standards EMS GEAB monitoring issued by SEPA GEPB

Table 8-2 Environmental Protection Surveillance Plan Phase institutions contentsof surveillance purposeof surveillance !a ~p SEPA t. Reviewof Outlineof EIA IT.o makeEtA coverall sidesfocusing on key EPO OF MOC 2.Review of EIA points 5 GEPB 3. Reviewof EAP 2. lo put forwardall potential& major issues World Bank 3.TO make certain that all the mitigative GCD measures PMO areimplemented SEPA 1. Review of initial design& EAP 1. To strictly carry out Bthree simultaneous a EPOofMOC policy 0 & EAP = GEPB 2. Examinationof useof fundsfor EP 2. To ensurethat it is usedproperly o- GCD 3. Examinationof locationsof sites of quarries& mixing 3.1.oensure that they satisfy requirements of EP 2 PMO stations > EP sectionsOf 4. Examination of control of dust & noise pollution; 4. To mitigate impact on environment& 2 related determinationof constructionactivity time implementrelated regulations o counties or 5. Examinationof storageof toxic materials&emission of 5. To mitigate impact on environment & . prefectures atmospheic pollutants implementrelated regulations 6. Examinationof dischargeand disposalof sewagewaste 6. To keepsurface water unpolluted 0 oil at construction camp _ 7. Restorationof borrow& spoilsites 7To ensurethat scenery& land resourcesare not damaged 8Examination of OthreesimultaneousO of EP facilities 8. To guaranteethree OsimultaneousO policy determination ofcompletion time 9. Examination of implementationof EP standards 9. To check & accept EP works 10. check up the scenery design and working quality 10. protection of route sources of scenery GCRD II. Examination of existence of cultural relics I1. to protect cultural relics

114 GEAB 1. Examination of implmentation of EAP; i. Implementation of EAP Cominunicatio 2. Examination of implementationof monitoring plan; 2. Implementationof monitoring plan n Departments 3. Determination of further measures some sensitive 3. Proper protection of environment or cities or locations not identified previously; 4. Proper protection of public health n counties, 4. Examination of weather the environment quality complies 5. guarantee of emission standardsof sewage a Public Security with requirements at the sensitive locations; 6.gening rid of possible accidents to protect Depanments 5. Examination of treatmentof sewageat managementareas; environment. 6. Prevention of contingent accidents by strengthening 7. add up some measures for protection of surveillance. In case of accidents, to take timely measures scenery to get rid of leakage of toxic materials when needed 7. check up the scenery quality 8.2 EnvironmentalMonitoring Plan

8.2.1Objective of Monitoring During construction, the major impacts on environment are: domestic pollution resulted from construction workers, water pollution from bridge pier construction,noise from constructionmachinery or explosion, earth and stone excavation, soil erosion from pavement spreading and filling and asphalt smoke etc. In operation phase, the major impacts come from noise, dust and waste gases caused by high:speed vehicles. Besides, contingency accidents may also cause severe pollution. So it is required that the dynamicsof pollution should be known all the time through monitoring.

8.2.2 Surveillance Institutions In both constructionand operation phases, of the EnvironmentalMonitoring Station in Guangxi will be entrusted to take the responsibilities to monitor the.environment since it is a qualified station in all respects.

8.2.3 Implementationof Monitoring The routine monitoring is conductedby the central station to comply with the requirementsin Tables 8-3(1I)0(3). The monitoring will center on atmosphere, water quality and noise. The monitoring will be carried out at fixed sites, in moving model. In implementationof surveillance plan, such things as monitoring methods, objective or the training will be determined through consultation with GCD and the monitors. Table8-3(1) EnvironmentalMonitoring Plan (Ambient Air) phase monitoringlocations items frecluency duration sampling executive - in charge of ______tim e _ _ _ _ _ construction lime & earth mixing TSP 1time I day 7:00 10:00 EMS - GCD PMO sites & unpaved I 14:00 17:00 construction road 2 months operation Hualong NOx CO 2 timesly 5 days 7:00 10:00 EMS GEAB Jiutun TSP (Jan & July) 14:00 17:00 Badu

______Pulin ______Table8-3(2) EnvironmentalMonitoring Plan (Noise) phase monitoring locations items Frequency duration sampling execubve in charge of time construction construction sites noise 2 times 1 day twice a day EMS GCD PMO within 50 m of which /month there are residential areas or other sensitive locations operation Hualong ambient 4 times/y 1 day 2 times (day EMS GEAB Jioutun noise Otime and Dongpan night) HezuoSchool Ocun Yongning Pri. Sch. Tanga _

Table8-3(3) Environmental Monitonng Plan (Water Quality) phase monitonng locations items frequency duration sampling executive in charge of ___ _ _ time______construction Shuiren Reservoir COD SS oil 2 timesly I day 2 timesty EMS GCD PMO operation Nada Resenvoir (nomial & (normal & GEAB Chengiiang River dry dry Dongjiang River seasons) seasons) Wuming River

115 8.2.4 Instruments,Cost and System for Monitoring Report The instruments for monitoring will be provided by the monitors, but the communication departments will pay some depreciationfunds without purchasing new ones. The depreciation cost are included in the total cost for monitoring which covers 0.40 million RMAByuan (4 years) in construction phase; I million in operation phase (20 years) with 0.1 million R1MByuan set aside for emergent accidents. An annual monitoring report would be fumished to the Bank by January 31 of each year starting in 2001 during the construction phase and each of the first three years following completion of construction. The system for reporting is displayed in Fig. 8-2.

8.3 EnvironmentalTraining The program is intended to train the administrativepersonnel, techniciansand supervisors involved in environmental protection so that they can acquire the knowledge of environmental protection and ensure the fulfillmentof the EPAP. According to their responsibilities, the trainees fall into the following three groups.

116 Fig.8-2

117 1. Administrative personnel: they include high-level and middle-level administrative personnel, who are to be trained to be able to handle issues and emergent situations in environmental protection. There are altogether9 persons, with 3 from the ProjectOffice; 3, from DCG; 2, from CPSDIG and the ResearchInstitute; 1, from the extemal monitoringagency. 2. Environmental supervisors:They will be trained to have a sound knowledge of environmental protection, control of environmental quality, management of expenses and techniques of environmental protection engineering so as to ensure the fulfillment of the EPAP. All the training seminars will be held at home. There are altogether 12 persons, with I from each contracted section. 3. Working staff: There are altogether 18 persons, with 3 from each country; 3, from each city/prefecture. They are to be trained to have a sound k:nowledgeof the project and its environmental protection issues so as to cooperate with the other authorities to ensure the fulfillmentof the project. The training is to be carried out both at home and abroad. Those to be trained abroad will learn the new methods, techniques and managementexperience from the advanced countries and to introduce them to all the personnel in charge of environmental protection. 'Those to be trained at home (in Nanning City) include administrativepersonnel and working staff, with the training seminars sponsored by the Project Office, and lecturesgiven by the senior staff from the 'WorldBank, govemment officials and experts. According to the trainees and training content, the program is divided into the following three stages. 1. The training of environmentalsupervisors is scheduled in March, 2000, with a period of 7 days; 2. The training of high-level administrativepersonnel abroad is scheduled in March, 2000, with a period of 21 days; 3. The training of working staff at home (including those fromeach country,city and prefecture) is scheduled in April, 2000, with a period of 7 days. The training of 9 high-level administrative personnel will cost 450,OO0RMByuan,with 50,OOORMByuanfor each; The training of 18 working staff will cost 270,OOORMByuan,with 15,00ORMByuanfor each; The training of 12 environmental supervisorswill cost 240,000RMByuan, with 20,00ORMByuanfor each; The cost totals 960,000RMByuan.See Table 8-4. Table8-4 Personnel Training Plan Phase kinds number total year cost (RMB nurnber yuan) construction EP person from 3 persons from the 3 2000 450,000 Management construction office Division ___ environment GCICAB: 2; GCD:3; 6 2000 managers other: I Supervisors and 27 staff from all sections 27 2000 490,000

staff______emergent case 3 from local traffic 3 2000 persons bureaus operation environment 3 staff from Management 4 2003020 20,000 managers Division(intemal); 1 from 24 GEAB 1person/2 total 43 960,000

CHAPTER 9 ANALYSIS OF PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT

9.1 Scope and Ways of Public Involvement In September 1996, the EA panel from Xian Highway University conducted social and public involvemenf investigation in the study areas taking in Hechi City, Mashan County, Duan County, Wuming County and Nanning City. Hearings into the comments from the masses, the Council representatives, governments and enterprises (more than 100 people) along the alignment were convened. Besides, 63 questionnaire forms were handed out to collect the opinions of masses (see Table 9-1): They also consulted the following departments: agriculture,forestry, water conservancy and

118 communications about environmental protection. In September 1998, secondary investigation was conducted to collect more opinions of the masses and governments. In the end of November, 1998, according to the remarks of the specialists of the Bank, the panel introduced the E]S outline to the public in the villages along the route, pointing out the major potential impacts on environment. The panel also collected the hearings of the public, and 30 quesionnaire forms were filled out. See Table 9- 2. In the end of December, 1998, the initial edition of the statement was completed. Based on the prediction and analysis, the panel introducedon the main contents of the statement anmongthe masses in the study section. The masses have also been informed of the potential impact and the mitigation measures to be taken. The panel collected their hearings for one more time, and 38 more questonnaire forms of public participation were filled in. See Table 9-2 for detail.

9.2 Publicizingand Involvement In the end of Nov. 1998, the EIA team publicized the contents of the EIA Programme along the route, including 82 persons in 12 villageswith such contents as: 1) highway location; 2) possible noise impact; 3) possible impact from separation;4) possible influence from land taking etc. The publicizing was carried out by two methods as door by door introduction and material sending. All the involvers gave out their opinions actively, which shows an positive attitude to the highway construction as well as a great concern on landOtaking compensations. In the end of Dec. 1998, after the completion the primary draft, we had a publicizing and investigation by face-to-fact discussion at somneseriousO5impacted areas at 16 spots as: Hualongtun and Gonghuatun of Hechi city; Guanglong village, Noghuatun, Jiutun, Daxing Clinic, Bamatun, Dongbantun of Duan county; Lingjiangtun, Naliangtun, Tangyatun of Mashan couLnty;Maantun, Jiuqintun of Wuming county; Xijing village, Ou village, Ertang Coal Mine of Nanninlg city. All the contents publicized and realized contain the following: 1) ill impact from the highway; 2)EP measures to be taken; 3) public views on our measures; 4) specific demands from local monorities. As all the above have great relationship with the local people, they all paid great attention to the project. Questionnaireswere used on the process of investigation. In August 5, 1999, the Project Officers of GCD introduced the new expresswaypublicly in Guangxi Daily and require public opinions. By publicizing with door by door and material sending etc, we are sure that 95% of the route people have known something about the project as well as the environmental part of the project.

9.3 Opinionsof the Public

1. Analysis of 1996 survey The reveals in 1996 are as follows: (I) All the county governments have shown tremendous enthusiasm in constructionof the highway and promised to offer help in acquiring land, resettlement and providing labor power. (2) The county governments are in favor of the recommended scheme. (3) 70% of the masses had had knowledge of the construction of the project with the other 24% got to know the alignment and the significanceof the project through the investigation. (4) 98% of the masses hope that the project be started as soon as possible. "Better road, better life" is common accepted for the local people. (5) 95% of the masses support the alignment of the proposed highway considering that the project will promote the local economy to a great extent. (6) In soliciting the opinions about resettlement, the common response was to place the state interests in the firstplace. 90% of the masseswish to be resettled in the same village.

2. Analysis of 1998 survey The hearings of the masses in 1998: (1) Through three year's time of propagada, 96 percent of the public have been informed of the project to some extent. (2) 94 percent of the public wish to start the project as soon as possible in order to encourage the local economic growth. However, there are a few individuals who think that the construction of the highway will not bring to them any advantages.

119 (3) More than 88 percent of the masses agree with the route alignmrent, thinking it will be for sake of the economic growth of their own villages and enterprises. (4) Through propagada, the masses have realized the potential impacts on environment, atmosphere and their going out. They suggested to take mitigative measures, at schools in particular. (5) The masses keep a positive attitude towards removal and resettlement. However, they require that the allowance for resettlement be granted directly to the masses concemed.

9.4 Solutions to the Problems The public participation and investigation show that all the govermments, Council representatives, enterprises and masses concerned expressed their wishes that the highway will be put into use as soon as possible. In resettlement, 87% of the household wish to be resettled in the same village. Those who wish to remove to other villages also expressed their opinions to obey the state interests. (1) In requiring land and removement, the compensation will comply with the relevant regulations strictly without retention or misappropriations. The public will be told about the relevant policies about compensation. (2) In resettlement, the households to be removed will be consulted to solicit their opinions prior to commerce of the construction. Besides, agreements will be signed with the local governments about resettlement to ensure that the households do not suffer financial losses or low their living standards. (3) Protection of environment. An EIA has been made, on which the design of EP works will be based to decrease the impact on environment to a munimun. The analysis shows that most of the problems in the hearings have been solved in the design phase. The problems of land acquisition, resettlement etc. expected to appear in construction phase need to be solved appropriately to minimize the adverse impact.

Table9-1 Public HearingsInvestigated(1996) items of questions content number of ratio (0) people extentof knowledgeof the project very well 9 14 to a certaindegree 39 62 no knowledge 15 24 extent of satisfactionwith local existing very 3 5 traffic basically 24 38 not 36 57 adverseimpact on residential& living significant 15 24 environment slight 37 59 no knowledge I1 17 opinionstowards resettlement wish to be settled at the samevillages 55 87 wish to be settledat other villages 8 13 effect on economic growth of local positive 57 90 villagesor enterprises negative -O -D no knowledge 6 10 if in favorof thealignment yes 60 95 no 0 0 no knowledge 3 5 attitudeto highwayconstruction quickstart 62 98 slow start 1 2 no start 0 0 Notes: I.Investigationtime: 3-23 September1996; 2.1nvestigationlocation: Hechi City,Duan County,Mashan County, Wumiing County and Nanning. 3. Backgroundof people investigated:63 questionnaireforms including5 graduatedfrom university,46 graduatedfrom high educationalinstitutions, 12 from primaryschools including 29 farmers,30 office staffs,4 worker;52 malesand 11 females.51 Zhuangnationalities, 9 Hannationalities, 3 Yao nationalities.40 villagesand enterprises.

Table 9-2 Public Hearings lnvestigated(1998) items of questions content number of ratio (0) people extentof knowledgeof the project verywell 55 81 to a certaindegree 11 16 no knowledge 2 3 extent of satisfactionwith local existing very 8 12 traffic basically 20 29

120 not _ 40 59 adverse impact on residential & living significant 30 44 environment slight 28 41 no knowledge 10 15 opinions towards resettlement wish to be settled at the same villages 60 88 wish to be settled at other villages 8 12 effect on economic growth of local positive 60 88 villages or enterprises negative 20 3 1 no knowledge 6 9 if in favor of the alignment yes 66 97 no 0 0 no knowledge 2 5 attitude to highway construction quick start 64 94 slow start 2 3 no start 2 3 Notes: I.Survey time: Two times, namely29-30/11/98, 27-29/12198; 2.lnvestigation location: Duan County, Mashan County, Wumiing County and Nanning. 3.Background of people investigated(68 froms): 14 of higher education, 42 of middle education, 12 of primary education; 47 farmers, 15cadres, 6 worker; 55 males, 13 femals; 50 Zhuang people, 12 Han people, 6 Yao people. 15 village & enterprises.

121 CHAPTER10 CONCLUSION Based on the results of the EIA, the conclusions of the assessmentare as follows;

10.1Assessment of ExistingEnvironment (1) The soil and crops along the alignment are fairly goodnot affected by the Pb. (2) The environmentalnoise at the schools and villages comply with relevant standards in GB 3096- 93. (3) The water quality in the rivers and reservoirs complies with classOtwo standards except Diaojiang River in which COD exceeds classOlthreestandards. (4) The air along the alignrmentis quite good meetingclasstwo standards in GB 3095-1996at all eight monitoring spots.

10.2Prediction Analysis Conclusion of Impacton Environment

10.2.1Phases of Designand Construction (1) The impact in the construction phase is decrease of farmland, damage to vegetation and soil erosion. These impactscould be alleviated by use of rational selection of alignmnent,plantation of trees, building catch ditches, protection slopes or earth settlementtanks. (2) The constructionwill not have impact on water environmentby strengthening managementand adopting advanced techniquesin bridge construction. (3) The noise and dust during constructiondo have some effect on environment. However,the effect can be mitigated by means of reasonable construction time and location to reduce impact on school teaching and other sensitive locations. (4) No rare plant and animal species occur in the study areas, so there is no impact on them. (5) No important cultural relics have been found along the alignmentwithin the assessment scope. (6) The alignment is in favor of masses and governrnentsalong the route. (7) The recommended scheme is superior to the alternatives in many respects as environmental impact, land use, public opinions and urban development.The compaLrisonamong the highway to be or not to be construction shows the superiority of construction for local economy, traffic safety, environmental protection etc. (8) In construction phase, the existing roads will be affected severely. But this effect could be mitigated by constructionsection by section and control of the traffic. (9) The Hechi-Duan section is mountainous, that is, large excavation can not be avoidable. A detailed survey has been made to reduce largely the excavation amounts and areas. Also, some plantation design will work in order to minimum the impact on local scenery and soil erosion.

10.2.2 OperationPhase (I) The impact on ecosystem in construction phase is resulted from dust and emitted lead by vehicles. However, the dust has very minor impact on crops due to the fact that there is plenty of intensive rain that continues long. There is slight lead impact on the route areas. (2) The runoff from pavement in the early stage of operation has minor impact on the water quality except that it has some impact on the water in Chengjiang River (mainly risky accidents). The sewage from tolling stations could be used as manure for fanmingafter disposed of. (3) The risk of spill of hazardous materials will not be neglected, especially at the section of Chengjiang. (4) In 2024 in operation phase, the standards at 47 places (35 villages, 10 schools and 1 hospital) will be in excess. Noise preventive measures will be taken at those locations where noise exceeds the standards. (5) The exhaust gases will deteriorate the air quality along the highway in operation phase, but the extent will not exceed classOtwo standards in GB3095-1996. (6) The traffic safety on connecting lines must be taken into account. (7) The benefit/cost analysis shows that the implementationof the preventive measures will bring about significant socialOenvironmentalbenefit. To sunmmary,the construction of Shui-Ren Highway will play a tremendous role in improving transportation, promoting backward regional economy and tourism growth in these areas. The impact on environment resulted from soil erosion, traffic noise and earth borrow can be reduced to a great

122 extent if appropriate initiatives are taken. Therefore, from the viewpoint of environmental protection, the proposed Shuiren-Nanning project is feasible.

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