The Church Bells of Suffolk
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The Church Bells of Suffolk by Rev. John J. Raven File 02 – Chapter III (pages 33 to 63) Chapter IV (pages 64 to 80), Chapter V (pages 81 to 89) This document is provided for you by The Whiting Society of Ringers visit www.whitingsociety.org.uk for the full range of publications and articles about bells and change ringing CHAPTER III. Two bells probably by Thomas Bullisdoo.-The ''moon and stars" shield-Two bells by William Culverdeo-His rebus-History of the use of the word Emmmmd-Culverden's rebus interpreted-His wili - \Vestmin stcr School-Boston Merchant Guild-The Norwich Foundry-A nameless group-Fressinglield tenor-The Brasyers-A Medireval Law-suit-Richard Brasyer in the Court of Common Pleas-Ingenious argument of Serjeant Gcnney-The large group of the Brasyers' bells-The Burlingham group. A PAIR of bells now claim our attention, Kesgrave bell, Iken, fourth. These bear a shield with the initials fl\. :a. (fig. 29) well-known Fig. 29. in many counties, though rare in Suffolk. I found it on the second at Cudham, Kent, in 1857· It is also known at Little Gransden, and Rampton, Cambridgeshire, at Llandcwednack, the parish in which the Lizard 1s situated, at S. Mary's, Bedford, Anstey, Hertfordshire, East Dean, Sussex, Paulerspury, North amptonshire, and other places-most notably of all at the E 34 TilE 'CHURCH DELLS OF SUFFOLK. grand old church of S. Bartholomew-the-Great, Smithfield, where there is a complete and melodious little ring of five of this make, which has happily survived the Great Fire of London. The best instance of all for our purpose is the fifth at Vv eeley in Essex, with a prayer for the souls of William and Agnes Brooke. There seems to be only one Agnes Brooke of this district, to whose will a reference can be found at Somerset House. The wills themselves are lost, but the indexes remain, and from them it may be computed that Agnes Brooke died in iso6 or 1507. This tallies well with the Bullisdon, whom Mr. Amherst Tyssen records as casting bells in London in 1510.* T he arms of Robert Billesdon, who was Lord Mayor of London in 1483, are no help to us. There was a Thomas Bullisdon, who represented the city in Parliament in 1492. T. in the middle ages is almost sure to stand for Thomas, and very possibly the founder of the Kesgrave bell and the Iken fourth was Thomas Bullisdon, soa of this Thomas. But we know. nothing more about him, and can tell no interesting stories as in the case of Henry Jordan. Sometimes his bells bear the fancy cross (fig. 30), which suggests connection with Danyell and Jurden. Fig. 30. The following eleven bells : Boxford, seventh, Bradfield Combust, second, • Ckurc/1. Btlls uf Sussex, p. 15. )fOON AND STARS. 35 Groton, fourth, Hadleigh, fourth, Levington, treble, Saxmundham, third, fourth, and fifth, Sudbury, S. Peter, fifth, sixth, and tenor, • present in their location a marked exclusion of the north of the county. They are the handiwork of a man whose usual shield (fig. 31) bearing three mullets in chief, and a crescent in base, .· Fig. 31. below a chevron, is found in all the named towers, save Bradfield and Saxmundham. On the Bratlfield bell and the Saxmund ham fifth appear the emblems of the four evangelists (figs. 32, 33, 34, 35), which appear at Impington, Cambridgeshire, and Fig. 32. Fig. 33· • This last is a good bell, weighing about 22 cwt. THE CHURCH BELLS OF SUFFOLK. Fig. 34· Fig. 35· elsewhere in conjunction with the shield just named. The initial crosses, of which figs. 36, 37 arc examples, vary, as does the lettering, which at Sudbury is remarkably large and forcible. The resemblance between the shield and the arms of Sir Henry Fig. 36. Fig. 37• Kcbyll, citizen and grocer, Lord Mayor in 1510, leads Mr. 1 Stahlschmidt to assign the bells ' provisionally" to one of the Kebyll family, and he finds in the accouuts of S. Stephen's, vValbrook, for 1480, payments amounting to £s 6s. 8d. for bell hanging to John Kebyll, wheelwright. The arms of the Lord Mayor of ISIO are given in Wright's Heylin without the cres cent, but variations in these points arc very common in the bourgeois heraldry of tbat time. It is more than likely that evidence will turn up to confirm Mr. Stahlschmidt's conjecture. These bells may be found in different parts of England> but in no great abundance. Like North Suffolk, Norfolk is destitute of them. I found two at Mumby, Lincolnshire, in 1855, and PL11E ill. Jl'ig. 39· ~~ ·/~~~ - (Y""- Fig. 42 • f ig. 4J. 1 1 ( ~~ Fog. 44• LO:;I>ON ''lARK S. WILLI.\)£ CUL\ ERDEN. 37 Mr. North records also one at Edworth, Bcdfordshirc, and one at Norton, Hertfordshire. Four arc given in my Clmrclt Bells of Cambridgeshire, and five in i\fr. Stahlschmidt's Clmrclt Bells of Kmt, but so far as we know there arc none in the western counties, and certainly there arc none in the Diocese of Peter borough. Suffolk is as far above the average with these bells as it is with William Dawe's. 'We know as yet of no medi::eval foundry in Essex, and the Londoners having there a " happy hunting-ground," readily crossed the Stour and did business against r\or.vich, penetrating, in the case of Henry Jordan, on one occasion quite to the north of that city. Other London marks are given opposite (figs. 38-44). The most attractive of the London foundry-shields is that of our last ante-Reformation craftsman, \Villiam Culverden (fig. 45), a rebus which I guessed wrong. Further investigation by Fig. 45· Mr. T ysscn set me right. His bells arc very rare, so rare that I give after the Suffolk pair, Stratford, S. Mary, tenor, Ubbcston, treble, a complete list of towers containing those known to exist. Cambridgesltire, Landbcach. Dorset, Steeple. THE CHURCH BELLS OF SUFFOLK. Essa, Elsenham, Takely, \Vicken Breaux. Hcrtfordshirc, Furneaux Pelham. Kmt, Boughton Aluph, Graveney. Middlesex, Brentford. Staifords/zi,·c, Kingstonc. Surrey, Chobham, ·wimbledon. A few more may perhaps turn up in the home counties and the 1\Iidlands. The Dorset bell is at present the sole contribu tion of the west. He was at work only from I 5 10 to I 523, which probably accounts for the paucity of his specimens. The shield is in many ways a great curiosity, and the ingenuity of my readers may be put to a test, as the meanings of the trefoil and monogram at the foot are not yet clear. Round the bell, which bears the word .Jon~ (Founder), arc the opening words of' Psalm xi., Jn ~no (Jl;nfi ~o (In the Lord put I my trust), which were often used by our forefathers as a motto, especially at the outset of any business. Though 1 cannot recall the instance, I feel sure that at the beginning of one of the MSS. of a medi<eval Chronicle these words occur, coupled with J\.zzit iW rinc:ipio glc.mcfa ~~tcn;ia gUco. Now this very pentameter occurs on one of William Cui verden's bells, viz., that at Takely, Essex, which I therefore feel justified in regarding as his earliest. When the Reformation came in, this pentameter went out, but its place was taken by the word Emmanuel, which used to be written at the head of letters. I may be excused for enlarging on this, as it illustrates a place otherwise obscure in Shakespeare's Henry VI. That the fact is as 1 have stated is shown by a letter of i\Tr. William Carnsewe to" Customer Smyth" (purchaser of metals to Queen Elizabeth), dated 15 January, 1583, which is headed "In te diie, in te diie speram' nos Emanucll. In diio Confide."* Now for the Shakespearian illustration. The "clerk" of Chatham is brought before Jack Cade, charged with the crime • T!u Smdlin,r of Copper i11 So11th Wales, by Col. Grant·Francis. See also "ln the Old Mttniment of \\'olla!on Hall," Part II., Ntw R~vi'r.u, December, 1889. A REBUS GUESSED. 39 of being able to read and write and cast accompt. The enor mity of these charges was further enhanced by his name. " Cade. What is thy name, sirrah? Clerk. Emanuel. Cade (reflecting). They use to write it at the head of letters. 'Twill go hard with you." Having thus treated of the use of Psalm xi. i., we tum to the essence of tl1e rebus, the bird with Lie (den) over it. Now those versed in ornithology may scrutinize the feathered biped diligently. It rather resembles the little birds in a child's "Noah Ark," but it is meant for a culver, or pigeon, and thus the riddle of the rebus was read. A rebus is a picture-riddle, such as an Ash-tree on a Tun for ~shton, a l\1ill on a Tun for Milton, &c. The difficulty of. producing a "den " must be the composer's excuse for not completing his rebus. The word "culver" for a wood-pigeon or dove is no doubt a corruption from colmnba, and was apparently not extinct in the west of England at the end of the last century. I must linger a little over this delicious old Engljsh word. We find it in the f!lick!iJJg Homilzi:s,• not later than A.D. 971, where our Lord addresses the Virgin Mary as "min culufre." In a Bestiary of the thirteenth centuryt we have a Jesson drawn from the nature of the bird.