Background Profile
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Ceuta, Monte Hacho Population: 68,000 Inhab
EUROPAN 5 – CE UTA – ESPAÑA Location: Ceuta, Monte Hacho Population: 68,000 inhab. Area: 3.9 ha CONURBATION SITE Ceuta is in North Africa, at the most eastern point of the Straits of Gibraltar. The site is on the Mount Hacho peninsula, in the isthmus formed by the town Occupied territory as far back as the Punic Wars, when it was used as a of Ceuta. It comprises Sarchal beach, the mountainous gradient contiguous maritime base, Ceuta was successively in the hands of the Ancient Romans, to the beach right up to the Mont Hacho orbital road, and a stretch of land Vandals, Byzantines and Arabs. In the 15th century is was invaded by the beyond the road on which is a cluster of dwellings, a few market gardens, Portuguese then, in the 16th century, by the Spanish and is now part of the and a disused quarry. province of Cadiz. To the west, the Almina enceinte wall was a rampart-walk placed high on the Initially the town occupied just the isthmus, and was fortified to the south and overhang between Sarchal and Peña beaches. Built in 1757, it was 700m to the north, its eastern and western boundaries delimited by two channels, long and 15m wide and took advantage of the escarpments of the south the navigable Real and the dry Almiral. It later developed towards the east up coast to unite several gun emplacements and toll gates. Going east from the to the Cortadura del Valle which separates it from Mount Hacho. ring-road is a lower rampart-walk that is a stretch of the Mont Hacho fortified The commercial boom of recent decades has been the town’s lifeblood, as it enceinte that runs along the coast and unites Sarchal beach to the Punta del has no other resources. -
Fisheries Conservation and Vulnerable Ecosystems in the Mediterranean Open Seas, Including the Deep Seas
Fisheries conservation and vulnerable ecosystems in the Mediterranean open seas, including the deep seas Note : The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNEP and RAC/SPA concerning the legal status of any State, Territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of their frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in the present technical information document are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect UNEP views. © 2010 United Nations Environment Programme Mediterranean Action Plan Regional Activity Centre for Specially Protected Areas (RAC/SPA) Boulevard du leader Yasser Arafat B.P.337 - 1080 Tunis CEDEX E-mail: [email protected] This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non- profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. UNEP-MAP-RAC/SPA would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purpose whatsoever without permission in writing from UNEP-MAP-RAC/SPA. For bibliographic purposes this volume should be cited as follows: UNEP-MAP-RAC/SPA. 2010. Fisheries conservation and vulnerable ecosystems in the Mediterranean open seas, including the deep seas. By de Juan, S. and Lleonart, J. Ed. RAC/SPA, Tunis: 103pp. Cover photo credit: - Juan Cuetos This document should not be considered as an official United Nations document. -
Alborán Sea IMMA
Alborán Sea Important Marine Mammal Area - IMMA Description Criterion A – Species or Population Vulnerability Area Size The common dolphin Mediterranean 55,939 km 2 subpopulation is listed as Endangered in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. This area Qualifying Species and Criteria has the largest concentration of the common Common dolphin - Delphinus delphis dolphin subpopulation within the whole Criterion A; B (ii); C (i, ii); D (i) Mediterranean, containing the large majority Common bottlenose dolphin - of the total population, both due to large Tursiops truncatus density of groups and due to very large group Criterion A; B (ii); C (i, ii); D (i) sizes, much larger than anywhere else in the Mediterranean. The most recent abundance Marine Mammal Diversity estimate of common dolphin is of 19,082 Criterion D (ii) (CV=4.7%) animals only in the northern third [Balaenoptera physalus, Globicephala melas, Orcinus orca, Grampus griseus, of the Alborán Sea with an extension to Physeter macrocephalus, Ziphius cavirostris, include the Alborán island. Stenella coeruleoalba ] The common bottlenose dolphin Summary Mediterranean subpopulation is listed as The Alborán Sea, the westernmost part of Vulnerable in the IUCN Red List of Threatened the Mediterranean Sea, opens to the Species. The Alborán Sea also has large Atlantic Ocean through the Strait of concentrations of bottlenose dolphins, which Gibraltar, becoming a transition area between these two basins which have also present some of the largest group sizes in radically different oceanographic the Mediterranean. The latest estimate of characteristics. This transition area contains abundance of bottlenose dolphin in the important habitat for Endangered northern third of the Alborán Sea with an Mediterranean common dolphins extension to include the Alborán island is (Delphinus delphis ) and Vulnerable common 2,150 animals (CV=24.3). -
Death of an Institution: the End for Western European Union, a Future
DEATH OF AN INSTITUTION The end for Western European Union, a future for European defence? EGMONT PAPER 46 DEATH OF AN INSTITUTION The end for Western European Union, a future for European defence? ALYSON JK BAILES AND GRAHAM MESSERVY-WHITING May 2011 The Egmont Papers are published by Academia Press for Egmont – The Royal Institute for International Relations. Founded in 1947 by eminent Belgian political leaders, Egmont is an independent think-tank based in Brussels. Its interdisciplinary research is conducted in a spirit of total academic freedom. A platform of quality information, a forum for debate and analysis, a melting pot of ideas in the field of international politics, Egmont’s ambition – through its publications, seminars and recommendations – is to make a useful contribution to the decision- making process. *** President: Viscount Etienne DAVIGNON Director-General: Marc TRENTESEAU Series Editor: Prof. Dr. Sven BISCOP *** Egmont – The Royal Institute for International Relations Address Naamsestraat / Rue de Namur 69, 1000 Brussels, Belgium Phone 00-32-(0)2.223.41.14 Fax 00-32-(0)2.223.41.16 E-mail [email protected] Website: www.egmontinstitute.be © Academia Press Eekhout 2 9000 Gent Tel. 09/233 80 88 Fax 09/233 14 09 [email protected] www.academiapress.be J. Story-Scientia NV Wetenschappelijke Boekhandel Sint-Kwintensberg 87 B-9000 Gent Tel. 09/225 57 57 Fax 09/233 14 09 [email protected] www.story.be All authors write in a personal capacity. Lay-out: proxess.be ISBN 978 90 382 1785 7 D/2011/4804/136 U 1612 NUR1 754 All rights reserved. -
Aerosol Properties Over the Western Mediterranean Basin: Temporal and Spatial Variability
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 2473–2486, 2015 www.atmos-chem-phys.net/15/2473/2015/ doi:10.5194/acp-15-2473-2015 © Author(s) 2015. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Aerosol properties over the western Mediterranean basin: temporal and spatial variability H. Lyamani1,2, A. Valenzuela1,2, D. Perez-Ramirez3,4, C. Toledano5, M. J. Granados-Muñoz1,2, F. J. Olmo1,2, and L. Alados-Arboledas1,2 1Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research (IISTA-CEAMA), 18006, Granada, Spain 2Department of Applied Physic, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain 3Mesoscale Atmospheric Processes Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA 4Goddard Earth Sciences Technology and Research, Universities Space Research Association (GESTAR/USRA), Columbia, Maryland, USA 5Atmospheric Optics Group (GOA), University of Valladolid (UVA), 47071, Valladolid, Spain Correspondence to: H. Lyamani ([email protected]) Received: 1 July 2014 – Published in Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss.: 21 August 2014 Revised: 2 February 2015 – Accepted: 15 February 2015 – Published: 5 March 2015 Abstract. This study focuses on the analysis of Aerosol 1 Introduction Robotic Network (AERONET) aerosol data obtained over Alborán Island (35.90◦ N, 3.03◦ W, 15 m a.s.l.) in the west- ern Mediterranean from July 2011 to January 2012. Addi- Atmospheric aerosol particles play an important role in the tional aerosol data from the three nearest AERONET stations atmosphere because they can affect the Earth’s radiation bud- (Málaga, Oujda and Palma de Mallorca) and the Maritime get directly by the scattering and absorption of solar and ter- Aerosol Network (MAN) were also analyzed in order to in- restrial radiation (e.g., Haywood and Shine, 1997), and indi- vestigate the temporal and spatial variations of aerosol over rectly by modifying cloud properties (e.g., Kaufman et al., this scarcely explored region. -
Jurisdictional Waters in the Mediterranean and Black Seas
DIRECTORATE-GENERAL FOR INTERNAL POLICIES POLICY DEPARTMENT DIRECTORATE-GENERAL FOR INTERNAL POLICIES STRUCTURAL AND COHESION POLICIESB POLICY DEPARTMENT AgricultureAgriculture and Rural and Development Rural Development STRUCTURAL AND COHESION POLICIES B CultureCulture and Education and Education Role The Policy Departments are research units that provide specialised advice Fisheries to committees, inter-parliamentary delegations and other parliamentary bodies. Fisheries RegionalRegional Development Development Policy Areas TransportTransport and andTourism Tourism Agriculture and Rural Development Culture and Education Fisheries Regional Development Transport and Tourism Documents Visit the European Parliament website: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/studies PHOTO CREDIT: iStock International Inc., Photodisk, Phovoir DIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR INTERNAL POLICIES POLICY DEPARTMENT B: STRUCTURAL AND COHESION POLICIES FISHERIES JURISDICTIONAL WATERS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN AND BLACK SEAS STUDY This document has been requested by the European Parliament’s Committee on Fisheries. AUTHORS Prof. Juan Luis Suárez de Vivero TECHNICAL TEAM Mrs Inmaculada Martínez Alba Mr Juan Manuel Martín Jiménez Mrs Concepción Jiménez Sánchez ADMINISTRATOR Mr Jesús Iborra Martín Policy Department for Structural and Cohesion Policies European Parliament E-mail: [email protected] EDITORIAL ASSISTANT Mrs Virginija Kelmelyté LANGUAGE VERSIONS Original: ES Translations: DE, EN, FR, IT. ABOUT THE PUBLISHER To contact the Policy Department or subscribe to its monthly bulletin, write to [email protected] Manuscript completed in December 2009. Brussels, © European Parliament, 2009 This document is available from the following website: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/studies DISCLAIMER The opinions given in this document are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official position of the European Parliament. -
Theorizing the Spanish-Moroccan Border Reconfiguration: Framing a Process of Geopolitical, Functional and Symbolic Rebordering
Centre for International Borders Research (CIBR) Electronic Working Paper Series: www.qub.ac.uk/cibr Theorizing the Spanish-Moroccan Border Reconfiguration: Framing a Process of Geopolitical, Functional and Symbolic Rebordering Xavier Ferrer-Gallardo Department of Geography Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona [email protected] CIBR Working Papers in Border Studies CIBR/WP06-1 Theorizing the Spanish-Moroccan Border Reconfiguration: Framing a Process of Geopolitical, Functional and Symbolic ∗ Rebordering Xavier Ferrer-Gallardo Department of Geography. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Abstract This paper is aimed at theorizing the major aspects of the Spanish-Moroccan rebordering after Spain joined the European Union in 1986. It intends to set the path for a subsequent empirical exploration of the EU external border segment between the North- African city of Ceuta and its Moroccan hinterland. The paper starts by providing a brief historical overview of the evolution of this border, and continues by delineating the rationale of the chosen theoretical structure. Afterwards, the core of the theoretical discussion is addressed. The theorization follows a three-folded structure by means of which the geopolitical, functional and symbolic aspects of the Spanish-Moroccan border reconfiguration are scrutinized. Taking the general Spanish-Moroccan border as the point of departure, the analytical frame is gradually channeled towards the (EU)ro-African border scenarios constructed around Ceuta and Melilla.. 1. Introduction Somehow, one could argue that the border between Spain and Morocco functions as a prolific ‘metaphor provider’. It is, indeed, a border of borders, built on top of a captivating amalgamation of clash and alliance: Spain and Morocco; Christianity and Islam; Europe and Africa; EU territory and non-EU territory; prosperous north and impoverished south; former colonizer and former colonized. -
Isopoda, Idoteidae), from the Southwestern Mediterranean
A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeysStenosoma 141: 29–44 (2011) stephenseni sp. n. (Isopoda, Idoteidae), from the southwestern Mediterranean.. 29 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.141.1376 RESEARCH ARTICLE www.zookeys.org Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Stenosoma stephenseni sp. n. (Isopoda, Idoteidae), from the southwestern Mediterranean, with a note on the nomenclatural status of Synisoma Collinge, 1917 António Múrias dos Santos1,2,†, Raquel Xavier1,2,‡, Saliha Zenboudji3,§, Tristão Branco4,|, Madalena Branco1,¶ 1 CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485- 661, Vairão, Portugal 2 Faculdade de Ciências da Unversidade do Porto, Departamento de Biologia, R. Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal 3 Faculté des Sciences, Université de Montepellier 2 Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier cedex 5, France 4 Rua de Camões, 788, 2ºD. 4000-142 Porto, Portugal † urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:705F890C-0939-47DC-813F-7F122D366982 ‡ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:CE21AA22-D1B1-4B75-9801-4B713E2D6B23 § urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:BCAE1673-CDC4-4509-B0D9-580EC26B5670 | urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:4EA37A5F-FE11-415C-89BB-53D0B94D2F15 ¶ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:EA624D93-7620-4F52-B2F2-BEC0D0C46B82 Corresponding author: A.M. Santos ([email protected]) Academic editor: N. Bruce | Received 11 April 2011 | Accepted 12 October 2011 | Published 28 October 2011 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:447B9EBE-5726-45A7-BD27-19777D4DA709 Citation: Santos AM, Xavier R, Zenboudji S, Branco T, Branco M (2011) Stenosoma stephenseni sp. n. (Isopoda, Idoteidae), from the southwestern Mediterranean, with a note on the nomenclatural status of Synisoma Collinge, 1917. ZooKeys 141: 29–44. -
Seismicity and Active Tectonics in the Alboran Sea, Western Mediterranean
PUBLICATIONS Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth RESEARCH ARTICLE Seismicity and active tectonics in the Alboran Sea, Western 10.1002/2015JB012073 Mediterranean: Constraints from an offshore-onshore Key Points: seismological network and swath bathymetry data • Convergence between African and Eurasia causes distributed deformation Ingo Grevemeyer1, Eulàlia Gràcia2, Antonio Villaseñor3, Wiebke Leuchters1, and Anthony B. Watts4 in the Alboran Sea • – Alboran seismicity outlines a 20 40 km 1GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre of Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany, 2Barcelona-Center for Subsurface Imaging, Institut de wide NNE-SSW trending band of 3 deformation Ciències del Mar - CSIC Barcelona, Spain, Institute of Earth Sciences Jaume Almera, ICTJA-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain, 4 • Local earthquakes correlate with Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, UK imaged fault, but some faults remained seismically inactive Abstract Seismicity and tectonic structure of the Alboran Sea were derived from a large amphibious seismological network deployed in the offshore basins and onshore in Spain and Morocco, an area where Correspondence to: the convergence between the African and Eurasian plates causes distributed deformation. Crustal structure I. Grevemeyer, derived from local earthquake data suggests that the Alboran Sea is underlain by thinned continental [email protected] crust with a mean thickness of about 20 km. During the 5 months of offshore network operation, a total of 229 local earthquakes were located within the Alboran Sea and neighboring areas. Earthquakes were Citation: generally crustal events, and in the offshore domain, most of them occurred at crustal levels of 2 to 15 km Grevemeyer, I., E. Gràcia, A. Villaseñor, depth. Earthquakes in the Alboran Sea are poorly related to large-scale tectonic features and form a 20 to W. -
Fishmpablue Act 1.4 Policy Survey Spain
Fishing Governance in MPAs: Potentialities for Blue Economy Country Policy Survey: Spain WITH THE FINACIAL SUPPORT OF: FISHING GOVERNANCE IN MPAS: POTENTIALITIES FOR BLUE ECONOMY Country Policy survey SPAIN 2 Main Author(s): Maria del Mar Otero (IUCN Center for Mediterranean Cooperation) With contributions from: La Consejera Técnica de las Reservas Marinas, Dirección General de Recursos Pesqueros y Acuicultura, Secretaría General de Pesca del Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente; El Servicio de Pesca y Acuicultura de la Consejería de Agricultura, Agua y Medio Ambiente de la Región de Murcia; la Consejería de Agricultura, Medio Ambiente y Territorio de las Islas Baleares; consultant Diego Kersting. Project partners: Federparchi, ECOMERS laboratory (Nice-Sophia Antipolis University, France), WWF Mediterranean Programme Advisory members: MedPAN secretary, GFCM, MedWet, RAC/SPA, ISPRA, Marine Stewardship Council, MedArtNet Association, Catalonian Region Fisheries Administration and Croatian State Institute for Nature Protection. This work was part of the “Fishing governance in MPAs: potentialities for Blue Economy (FishMPABlue) project”. 1M-MED14-06. Financial assistance: European Territorial Cooperation Programme “MED” 2007-2013 and MAVA Citation: Otero, M., 2015. FISHING GOVERNANCE IN MPAS: POTENTIALITIES FOR BLUE ECONOMY (FISHMPABLUE project). WP2 Technical component - Act. 1.4 Country Policy survey, SPAIN. 24pp 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................. -
Dos Feitos De Hércules Aos Feitos Lusitanos. Ceuta E O Estreito No Mundo Antigo E Medieval
DOS FEITOS DE HÉRCULES AOS FEITOS LUSITANOS. CEUTA E O ESTREITO NO MUNDO ANTIGO E MEDIEVAL Vasco Gil Mantas O renome do Estreito de Gibraltar, que os contemporâneos da Antiguidade Clássica denominavam poeticamente como Colunas de Hércules ( ǾȡȐțȜİȚȠȚ ȈIJȒȜĮȚ - Columnae Herculis ), ou mais prosaicamente através da versão romana Estreito de Cádis (Fretum Gaditanum ), sublinhando assim o indiscutível predomínio deste centro portuá- rio na região, foi enriquecido pela presença da cidade de Ceuta na sua margem africana. Ceuta é considerada como memória do prelúdio da moderna expansão europeia, de que se mantém como um dos últimos redutos, o que lhe atribui singular valor simbólico, naturalmente aberto às interpretações de quem vê a história com diferentes, ou opostas, perspectivas. Trata -se, portanto, de uma área votada desde muito cedo ao jogo dos imagi- nários mitológicos, históricos e políticos, não poucas vezes imbricados uns nos outros. Se a todos estes factores, já de si propícios a complexos desenvolvimentos, adicionarmos os aspectos estratégicos, sempre presentes nas preocupações de quem controlou esta estreita passagem entre mares e continentes, apreenderemos imediatamente a complexidade das situações que aqui se foram vivendo ao longo dos séculos, em grande parte relacionadas com a cidade de Ceuta (Fig.1). Fig.1 – Vista geral do território e da cidade de Ceuta, com o Jebel Musa ao fundo. Procuraremos apenas analisar as grandes linhas das relações de Ceuta com o Estreito de Gibraltar numa perspectiva de longue durée , justi2cável, como veremos, apesar da aceleração da história contemporânea, cada vez mais assente na precariedade, di2cultar 33 VASCO GIL MANTAS a procura de continuidades. -
Frontespizio Ric Ok
Corso di Laurea magistrale in Relazioni Internazionali Comparate – International Relations Tesi di Laurea Ceuta e Melilla La questione irrisolta tra Spagna e Marocco Relatore Ch. Prof. Antonio Trampus Correlatore Ch. Prof.ssa Sara De Vido Laureando Giorgia Busato Matricola 827573 Anno Accademico 2013 / 2014 INDICE INTRODUZIONE i ABSTRACT vi PRIMA PARTE - LE CITTÀ DI CEUTA E MELILLA 1 CAPITOLO 1 – CEUTA 3 1.1. Geografia 3 1.2. Storia 4 1.3. Economia 25 1.3.1 Il porto di Ceuta 27 1.4. Società 31 CAPITOLO 2 – MELILLA 33 2.1 Geografia 33 2.2 Storia 34 2.3 Economia 63 2.3.1 Il porto di Melilla 64 2.4 Società 69 SECONDA PARTE – CEUTA E MELILLA NELLA LEGISLAZIONE SPAGNOLA 71 CAPITOLO 3 - IL PERCORSO VERSO L’AUTONOMIA 73 CAPITOLO 4 – STATUTO DI AUTONOMIA DELLA CITTÀ DI CEUTA 83 CAPITOLO 4 – STATUTO DI AUTONOMIA DELLA CITTÀ DI MELILLA 87 TERZA PARTE - LE CONTROVERSIE TRA SPAGNA E MAROCCO SULLA QUESTIONE DI CEUTA E MELILLA 91 CAPITOLO 6 - LE RELAZIONI TRA SPAGNA E MAROCCO DOPO IL 1956 93 6.1 Dal 1956 al 1999 94 6.2 Dal 2000 a oggi 105 6.2.1 La crisi di Perejil 108 6.2.2 La crisi diplomatica del 2007 119 Approfondimento: le barriere di Ceuta e Melilla 122 APPENDICI 131 1. Statuto di Autonomia della città di Ceuta 131 2. Statuto di Autonomia della città di Melilla 151 INDICE DELLE IMMAGINI 171 BIBLIOGRAFIA 175 SITOGRAFIA 179 INTRODUZIONE Ceuta e Melilla sono due città spagnole sulla costa settentrionale del continente africano. La peculiarità di queste due città autonome è la loro posizione geografica: esse si trovano, infatti, all’interno dei confini marocchini, il che le qualifica come “exclave”.