Duty and Humanism in Sylvestre Stallone's Film “Rambo 4”
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Duty and Humanism in Sylvestre Stallone’s Film “Rambo 4” Final Project Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English by Zico Muhardhiansyah 2250406545 ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS SEMARANG STATE UNIVERSITY 2011 i “Life for nothing or die for something” (American Proverb) To: My Parents ii iii SURAT PERNYATAAN Dengan ini saya: Nama : Zico Muhardhiansyah NIM : 2250406545 Prodi/ jur : Sastra Inggris/ Bahasa dan Sastra Inggris Menyatakan dengan sesungguhnya bahwa skripsi/ tugas akhir/ final project yang berjudul: Duty and Humanism in Sylvestre Stallone’s Film “Rambo 4” yang saya tulis dalam rangka untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar sarjana sastra ini benar-benar karya saya sendiri, yang saya hasilkan setelah melalui bimbingan, diskusi, dan pemaparan atau semua ujian. Semua kutipan, baik yang langsung maupun tidak langsung, dan baik yang diperoleh dari sumber lainnya, telah disertai keterangan mengenai identitas sumbernya dengan cara sebagaimana lazimnya dalam penulisan karya ilmiah. Dengan demikian walaupun tim penguji dan pembimbing penulisan skripsi/ tugas akhir/ final project ini membubuhkan tanda tangan keabsahannya, seluruh karya ilmiah ini tetap menjadi tanggung jawab saya sendiri. Demikian, harap pernyataan ini dapat digunakan seperlunya. Semarang, 7 Februari 2011 Yang membuat pernyataan Zico Muhardhiansyah iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I would like to praise Allah SWT, the One and the Almighty, for his blessing, guidance that enable me to finish my final project. Secondly, I would sincerely like to express my deepest gratitude to Dwi Anggara A.S.S,M.Pd, as my first advisor and Maria Johana Ari W.S.S,M.Si, as my second advisor, for their invaluable advice, inspiring guidance, patience, time and encouragement throughout the process of finishing my final project. Here I would also like to express my appreciation to the chairman of the English Department, Drs. Ahmad Sofwan, Ph.D. and all lecturers of English Department for the precious knowledge that have been taught during my study. My deepest thank and love also goes to my parents, Siswoyo Hendro,S.Pd and Surifah, for all material and moral support, and most of all their love. Thanks also for my brothers and my sisters, Syamsul Hadi Nor Cahyono and Sisfanuri Rahmasari, Triana Dewi Nur Setiani, and Roni Kurniawan, for giving me motivation in finishing this final project. My beloved sweet heart, Nurin Rismana, there is nothing as nice as someone who shares laughter, secrets, sadness, and cares like you. Last but not least, all my friends in English Department and all people who have helped me in accomplishing my final project, thank guys. You are the best. Semarang,7 Februari 2011 Zico Muhardhiansyah v ABSTRACT Muhardhiansyah, Zico. 2011. Duty and Humanism in “Rambo 4”. A Final Project. English Department. Faculty of Language and Arts. Semarang State University. Advisor I : Dwi Anggara A, S.S, M.Pd., Advisor II: Maria Johana Ari W, S.S, M.Si. Key Words: Psychology, inner conflict, duty, humanism. People sometimes break humanism when they do their duty. It creates inner conflict within them. This final project focused on the duty and humanism in “Rambo 4” film. This study emphasized on three main objectives. First: the definition of duty and humanism, second: the inner conflict between duty and humanism in “Rambo 4” film, and third: the influences of inner conflict toward duty and humanism in “Rambo 4” film. The writer used psychological approach in conducting the study. First, he collected the required data by watching the film frequently and reading the film script carefully to find the related data about duty and humanism. Second, the unwritten data will be analyzed by seeing gesture or body language of the characters. In this process, he used descriptive qualitative method. The first problem (what are duty and humanism?) will be answered using duty and humanism theory. The second problem (what are inner conflicts between duty and humanism in “Rambo 4” film?) will be answered using psychology, inner conflict, and duty and humanism theory. The third problem (how inner conflict influences duty and humanism in the “Rambo 4” film?) will be answered using inner conflict, duty and humanism theory. From the analysis, it could be concluded that duty is an action that must be done, while Humanism is described as a good attitude, helpful, and respect to each other. Inner conflict is contradiction between someone’s Id, Ego, and Super-ego. It happened when someone did something but it contradicted with his desire or feeling. The inner conflict within soldiers can influence their sense of humanism in war become better or worse depended on certain situation. Finally, this study was used to give additional knowledge to the readers about duty and humanism that may be useful as an additional reference when they would like to analyze the same film. They should also analyze about the relationship between duty and behavior of the characters. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE OF TITTLE ………………………………………………………….... i MOTTO ………………………………………………………………………… ii APPROVAL ....................................................................................................... iii PERNYATAAN ………………………………………………………………. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ……………………………………………………. v ABSTRACT …………………………………………………………………… vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ………………………………………..………….... vii CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study …………………………………………………... 1 1.2 Reasons for Choosing the Topic ……………………………………………. 3 1.3 Statements of the Problem ………………………………………………….. 4 1.4 Objective of the Study ……………………………………………………… 4 1.5 Significance of the Study …………………………………………………… 5 1.6 Outline of the Study ………………………………………………………… 5 II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Previous Study ……………………………………………………………… 7 2.2 Film …………………………………………………………………………. 7 2.3 Definition of Psychology ………………………………………………….... 11 2.3.1 Psychology as Behavioral Study ………………………………………….. 12 vii 2.3.2 Psychology as Social Study ………………………………………………. 13 2.4 Id, Ego, and Super-Ego ……………………………………………………... 15 2.4.1 Id ………………………………………………………………………………. 16 2.4.2 Ego ………………………………………………………………………... 18 2.4.3 Super-Ego ……………………………………………………………….... 20 2.5 Definition of Conflict ……………………………………………………… 22 2.5.1 Inner Conflict ……………………………………………………………. 24 2.6 Definition of Duty …………………………………………………………. 25 2.7 Definition of Humanism …………………………………………………… 26 2.7.1 Types of Humanism ……………………………………………………… 28 2.8 Theoretical Framework ……………………………………………………. 30 III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES 3.1 Research Design ………………………………………………………….... 31 3.2 Object of the Study ……………………………………………………….. 31 3.3 Role of Researcher ………………………………………………………… 32 3.4 Method of Data Collection ……………………………………………….. 32 3.4.1 Reading and Watching …………………………………………………. 32 3.4.2 Identifying …………………………………………………………….... 33 3.4.3 Inventorizing ……………………………………………………………. 33 3.4.4 Classifying ………………………………………………………………. 34 3.4.5 Selecting ………………………………………………………………… 34 3.5 Techniques of Data Analysis ……………………………………………… 35 viii IV. RESULT OF ANALYSIS 4.1 Duty and Humanism……………………………………………………….. 36 4.2 Inner Conflict between Duty and Humanism ……………………………... 38 4.3 The Influences of Inner Conflict toward Duty and Humanism …………... 44 4.3.1 Experiences in their past when they were in a battle field………………. 48 4.3.2 The situations that happen in the war which force them to kill or be killed 49 4.3.3 The psychological balance of the soldiers ………………………………. 51 V. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 5.1 Conclusions ……………………………………………………………….. 53 5.2 Suggestions ……………………………………………………………….. 54 REFERENCES ……………………………………………………………….. 55 APPENDICES ………………………………………………………………… 57 ix CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION In this chapter, the writer presents background of the study, reasons for choosing the topic, statements of problem, objectives of the study, significance of the study, and the outline of the study. 1.1 Background of the Study War is a phenomenon of organized violent conflict, typified by extreme aggression, societal disruption and adaptation, and high mortality. Many times it happens the soldiers have to physically hurt or kill their opponent soldiers. Circumstances force them to end someone's life. This act of theirs’ sadism brings them deep sorrow. True, the soldiers face their enemy nation, that they are supposed to destroy the hostile forces, but after all, enemies are humans. Though an opposing nation, they are after all human beings from regions across the border. Witnessing deaths becomes an almost everyday incident for soldiers at war. They have to bear the grief of the suffering and deaths of their fellow mates as well. Such situations definitely have a depressing effect on soldiers. Death is bound to disturb the soldiers and deprive their peace of mind. While being surrounded by sorrow, soldiers often remember their happy days, their yester years at school and college. The memories of 1 happier days become painful. Moreover they are away from their home and families. The memories of their beloved family grieve their hearts. The soldiers often feel like reaching out to their near ones and sharing their grief with them but their duty towards their nation deprives them of these opportunities. While guarding the borders of the country day and night, while being away from their near ones, they are deprived of the all the little joys in their family. There is no certainty that they will return home when they want; they are unsure about whether they will be able to be with their families