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506Dd0e56bbefee9c667054853 T.C. GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ TARİH ANA BİLİM DALI YAKIN ÇAĞ BİLİM DALI EBÜLFEZ ELÇİBEY’ İN HAYATI, SİYASİ FAALİYETLERİ, DÜŞÜNCELERİ VE FİKRİYATI YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ Hazırlayan Nilüfer MUTLU Tez Danışmanı Yrd. Doç. Dr. A.Ender GÖKDEMİR ANKARA-2013 T.C. GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ TARİH ANA BİLİM DALI YAKIN ÇAĞ BİLİM DALI EBÜLFEZ ELÇİBEY’ İN HAYATI, SİYASİ FAALİYETLERİ, DÜŞÜNCELERİ VE FİKRİYATI YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ Hazırlayan Nilüfer MUTLU Tez Danışmanı Yrd. Doç. Dr. A.Ender GÖKDEMİR ANKARA-2013 ÖZET Mutlu, Nilüfer. Ebülfez Elçbey’in Hayatı, Siyasi Faaliyetleri, Düşünceleri ve Fikriyatı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Ankara 2013. Bu tez çalışmasında ilk etapta, Azerbaycan’ın kısa tarihçesine değinilmiştir. Ardından Azerbaycan’ın bağımsızlık mücadelesinin lideri Ebülfez Elçibey’in hayatı ve siyasi faaliyeti ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın temel amacı, Halk Cephesi lideri Ebülfez Elçibey’in faaliyetlerine ve düşüncelerine bilimsel açıklama getirmektir. Çalışmada, Cumhurbaşkanı Ebülfez Elçibey’in iktidardaki bir yıl boyunca izlediği politikalar, komşu ülkelerle olan ilişkileri ve düşüncelerinin ana aşamaları ayrıntılı olarak ele alınmıştır. Çalışmada Türkçe, Azerbaycan Türkçesi ve Rusça kaynaklardan ve zaman zaman da internet ortamından yararlanılmıştır. Ayrıca konu ile ilgili uzmanlarla bire bir yapılan görüşmelerle çalışma zenginleştirilmiştir. Anahtar Sözcükler 1. Azerbaycan 2. Türkiye 3. Elçibey 4. Halk Cephesi 5. Karabağ ii ABSTRACT Mutlu, Nilüfer. Abulfaz Elchibey life, political activities his thoughts and ideology, Master’s Thesis, Ankara 2013. In this thesis, firstly the short history of Azerbaijan have been discussed. Then the leader of the independence struggle of Azerbaijan Mr. Abulfaz Elchibey life and his policies are discussed. The main purpose of the study is to bring scientific explanation for the activities and thoughts of the People's Front Leader Mr. Abulfaz Elchibey. A year of the President Mr. Abulfaz Elchibey have been investigated in this study. And the main stages of his policies of the ruling and the his ideas of relations with nieghboring countries are discussed the in detail. Turkish, Azerbaijani and Russian sources and same internet resources were used to collecting data. In addition, the study was enriched by conducting interviews with experts on the subject. Key Words 1. Azerbaijan 2. Turkey 3. Elchibey 4. People’s Front 5. Karabagh iii ÖNSÖZ “Ebülfez Elçibey’in hayatı, siyasi faaliyetleri, düşünceleri ve fikriyatı” isimli bu tez çalışması, 20.yy. Azerbaycan siyasi tarihi içinde, Milli İstiklal Hareketi’ni altın harflerle yazdıran Mehmet Emin Resulzade ideolojisinin devamcısı, bağımsız Azerbaycanın’ın ilk Cumhurbaşkanı, Birleşik Azerbaycan idealinin yaratıcısı Ebulfez Elçibey’in siyasi faaliyetleri, bağımsızlık mücadelesini kapsayan bir çalışmadır. Bir toplum ve ülkenin durumunu çeşitli boyutları ile öğrenmenin en uygun yollarından birisi, o topluma öncülük eden aydınların faaliyetlerini ele alıp incelemekten geçer. Çünkü en önde giden, bir nevi toplumun "lokomotif" rolünü oynayan aydınlar, bir taraftan mensup oldukları toplumun çoğu özelliklerini taşımakta, diğer taraftan da meydana gelen hareket ve olaylarda merkezi/belirleyici bir yer tutmaktadırlar. Böylece, onların nitelikleri, düşünceleri ve faaliyetlerinden toplumun genel hareket yönü çıkartılabilir. Ayrıca aydınlar, sahip oldukları eğitim ve ifade yeteneği ile toplumlarının istek taleplerini dile getirme, diğer bir deyişle temsil görevini de üstlenmektedirler. Sonuç olarak, aydınların faaliyetini öğrenmek, o toplumun genel birikimini de aydınlığa çıkaracaktır. Ebülfez Elçibey’in siyasi ve ideolojik görüşlerini anlamak bakımından onun tarihle ilgili görüşleri, tarih bilinci ilgi çekmektedir, fakat bu konuda kendisinin herhangi bir eseri mevcut değildir. Ne var ki onun bu tarihi süreçler üzerine, ayrıca somut olaylar hakkında yorum ve görüşleri değişik kaynaklarda, anılarda, söyleşilerde ve kayıtlara geçmiş konuşmalarında açıkça ifade edilmiştir. İlginçtir ki siyasi biyografisi bağlamında bu konuya ışık tutmadan sonuca varmak zordur, üstelik Elçibey’in farklı mekan ve zamanlarda tarihin farklı konuları hakkında belirttiği fikir ve tezler bir bütünlük arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmamızda Becan İbrahimoğlu ve Adalet Tahirzade’nin derledikleri ve yayınladıkları basın materyallerini esas alarak Elçibey’in tarihle ilgili görüşlerini değerlendirmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışmanın temel amacı, Ebülfez Elçibey’in, Azerbaycan Türklerine bağımsızlık fikrini aşılamaya başlaması ve Azerbaycan’ı bağımsızlığa iv götürecek bu mücadeleye bilimsel açıklama getirmektir. Çalışma boyunca, Türk Dünyasının XX. Yüzyılda yetiştirdiği en büyük fikir ve mücadele adamlarından biri olan Ebülfez Elçibey’i daha iyi tanımak, düşüncelerini analiz etmek ve belirli bilimsel çerçeveye oturtmak için özen gösterilmiştir. Çalışmada, Ebülfez Elçibey’in Azerbaycan’da yaşanan önemli siyasi olayların ışığında hayatı ve faaliyetleri anlatılacaktır. Ayrıca Azerbaycanlıların yasadıkları uluslaşma, devletleşme, bağımsızlık uğrunda mücadele gibi birçok süreç bazen ayrıntılı şekilde anlatılacaktır. Çalışmada Ebülfez Elçibey’in hayat ve faaliyetlerinin yanı sıra Azerbaycan’daki Cumhuriyet öncesi ve sonrası olaylar, onun içinde bulunduğu dönemin siyasi, sosyal, diplomatik hareketleri takıp edilmiş ve aktarılmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu çerçevede, çalışma, bir taraftan biyografi ağırlıklı siyasi tarih niteliğine yaklaşırken, diğer taraftan modern Azerbaycan tarihine yeni bakış açısı ve bilgileri de getirmeyi amaçlamıştır. v İÇİNDEKİLER ÖZET .............................................................................................................. i ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... ii ÖNSÖZ ........................................................................................................ iii İÇİNDEKİLER ............................................................................................... v KISALTMALAR ........................................................................................... viii GİRİŞ ............................................................................................................. 1 BİRİNCİ BÖLÜM EBÜLFEZ ELÇİBEY’İN HAYATI VE SİYASİ KARİYERİ 1.1. EBÜLFEZ ELÇİBEYİ’İN HAYATI ............................................................ 3 1.2. SİYASİ KARİYERİNİN BAŞLANGICI ...................................................... 4 1.3. ÜNİVERSİTEDE TARİH HOCASIYKEN ÖĞRENCİLER ARASINDAKİ PROPAGANDA FAALİYETLERİ ................................................................... 8 1.4. ELÇİBEY’İN HAPSEDİLMESİ (1975) .................................................... 12 İKİNCİ BÖLÜM AZERBAYCAN ULUSAL MÜCADELESİNDE MÜSAVAT VE AZERBAYCAN HALK CEPHESİ 2.1. MÜSAVAT PARTİSİ’NİN KURULUŞU .................................................. 15 2.2. YENİ MUSAVAT PARTİSİ .................................................................... 18 2.3. MİLLİ MÜCADELEDE AZERBAYCAN HALK CEPHESİ (AHC) DÖNEMİ .................................................................................................... 20 2.4. EBÜLFEZ ELÇİBEY’İN AHC BAŞKANLIĞINA ADAYLIĞI VE FAALİYETLERİ .................................................................................................................. 24 vi ÜCÜNCÜ BÖLÜM EBÜLFEZ ELÇİBEY’İN İKTİDARDAKİ BİR YIL BOYUNCA İZLEDİĞİ POLİTİKALAR 3.1. DÖNEMİN SİYASİ VE SOSYAL DURUMU ........................................... 30 3.2. 17 KASIM – 5 ARALIK 1988 MEYDAN MİTİNGLERİ ........................... 37 3.3. EBÜLFEZ ELÇİBEY’İN DEVLET YAPILANMASI VE HUKUK ALANINDAKİ POLİTİKASI ......................................................................................................................... 41 3.4. AHC İKTİDARININ İKTİSADİ VE SOSYAL POLİTİKASI ............................... 43 3.5. EBÜLFEZ ELÇİBEY İKTİDARININ KÜLTÜR VE EĞİTİM POLİTİKASI ................................................................................................... 45 3.6. AHC İKTİDARININ ASKERİ VE DIŞ POLİTİKASI ......................................... 48 3.7. BAKÜ-TİFLİS-CEYHAN BORU HATTI ................................................. 52 DÖRDÜNCÜ BÖLÜM EBÜLFEZ ELÇİBEY İKTİDARININ KOMŞU ÜLKELERLE OLAN İLİŞKİLERİ 4.1. RUSYA’YLA OLAN İLİŞKİLER VE RUS ASKERLERİNİN AZERBAYCAN’DAN ÇIKARILMASI ............................................................. 55 4.2. SURET HÜSEYNOV DARBESİ (4-17 HAZİRAN 1993) ........................ 57 4.3. BAĞIMSIZ DEVLETLER TOPLULUĞU(BDT) ÜYELİĞİ SORUNU ........ 62 4. 4. RUSYA İLE EŞİT SİYASİ VE EKONOMİK İLİŞKİLER KURMA GİRİŞİMLERİ ...................................................................................................... 63 4.5. DİĞER ESKİ SSCB DEVLETLERİYLE İLİŞKİLER .................................... 66 4.6. GÜNEY AZERBAYCAN SORUNU ........................................................................ 67 4.7. AZERBAYCAN - TÜRKİYE İLİŞKİLERİ (1991-1993) ............................................. 69 4.8. AHC İKTİDARI DÖNEMİNDE AZERBAYCAN - ABD İLİŞKİLERİ ..................... 76 4.9. AHC’NİN AVRUPA ÜLKELERİYLE İLİŞKİLERİ ..................................... 77 vii BEŞİNCİ BÖLÜM EBÜLFEZ ELÇİBEY’İN SİYASİ GÖRÜŞLERİNİN ANA AŞAMALARI 5.1.SOVYET BOLŞEVİK SİSTEMİ VE TARİHİNE YAKLAŞIMI .................... 79 5.2. AZERBAYCAN TARİHİ VE GÜNEY(İRAN) AZERBAYCAN MESELESİ .......................................................................... 80 5.3. ATATÜRK’LE İLGİLİ GÖRÜŞLERİ ....................................................... 85 5.4. TÜRKÇÜLÜK
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