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Surface Water Supply of the United States 1909 Part V

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Surface Water Supply of the United States 1909 Part V DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEORGE OTIS SMITH, DIRECTOR WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 265 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF THE UNITED STATES 1909 PART V. HUDSON BAY AND UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASINS PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF M. 0. LEIGHTON BY ROBERT FOLLANSBEE, A. H. HORTON AND R. H. BOLSTER WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1911 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEORGE OTIS SMITH, DIRECTOR WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 265 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF THE UNITED STATES 1909 PART V. HUDSON BAY AND UPPER MISSISSIPPI R1YER BASINS PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF M. 0. LEIGHTON BY ROBERT FOLLANSBEE, A. H. HORTON AND R. H. BOLSTER WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1911 CONTENTS. Introduction............................................................. 7 Authority for investigations............................................. 7 Scope of investigations.................................................. 8 Purposes of the work.................................................. 9 Publications.......................................................... 10 Definition of terms..................................................... 13 Convenient equivalents................................................ 14 Explanation of tables................................................... 15 Field methods of measuring stream flow................................. 16 Office methods of computing and studying discharge and run-off.......... 22 Accuracy and reliability of field data and comparative results............. 26 Use of the data........................................................ 27 Cooperative data...................................................... 27 Cooperation and acknowledgments....................................... 28 Division of work...................................................... 29 Gaging stations maintained in Hudson Bay and upper Mississippi River basins. 29 Hudson Bay drainage basin............................................... 31 General features....................................................... 31 St. Mary River drainage basin......................................... 32 Description........................................................ 32 St. Mary River near Babb, Mont.................................... 33 St. Mary River near Cardston, Alberta.............................. 35 Swiftcurrent Creek near Babb, Mont ................................ 39 Red River drainage basin ............................................. 42 Description........................................................ 42 Ottertail River near Fergus Falls, Minn.............................. 47 Red River near Fergus Falls, Minn................................. 49 Red River at Fargo, N. Dak....................................... 51 Red River at Grand Forks, N. Dak................................. 54 Pelican River near Fergus Falls, Minn............................... 57 Wild Rice River at Twin Valley, Minn.............................. 58 Devils Lake near Devils Lake, N. Dak............................... 60 Red Lake River at Thief River Falls, Minn.......................... 60 Red Lake River at Crookston, Minn................................ 61 Thief River near Thief River Falls, Minn............................ 65 Clearwater River at Red Lake Falls, Minn.......................... 66 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak................................... 68 Mouse River basin................................................. 70 Description................................................... 70 Mouse River at Minot, N. Dak................................. 71 Evaporation at University, N. Dak.................................. 73 Rainy River drainage basin ........................................... 75 Description........................................................ 75 Rainy River at International Falls, Minn........................... 76 Little Fork River at Little Fork, Minn............................... 78 Big Fork River at Big Falls, Minn.................................. 79 Big Fork River near Laurel, Minn .................................. 80 Black River near Loman, Minn.................................... 81 3 4 CONTENTS. Page. Upper Mississippi River drainage basin .................................... 82 General description..................................................... 82 Mississippi River.................................................. 86 Mississippi River near Fort Ripley, Minn........................... 86 Mississippi River at Anoka, Minn .................................. 88 Prairie River drainage basin........................................... 94 Description.............. I......................................... 94 Prairie River near Grand Rapids, Minn............................. 94 Crow Wing River drainage basin....................................... 95 Description........................................................ 95 Crow Wing River at Motley, Minn................................... 97 Crow Wing River at Pillager, Minn.................................. 98 Long Prairie River near Motley, Minn.............................. 99 Sauk River drainage basin ..................".......................... 100 Description........................................................ 100 Sauk River near St. Cloud, Minn.................................... 101 Crow River drainage basin ............................................ 103 Description........................................................ 103 North. Fork of Crow River near Rockford, Minn....................... 104 Crow River at Rockford, Minn...................................... 105 South. Fork of Crow River near Rockford, Minn....................... 107 Rum River drainage basin ............................................ 109 Description........................................................ 109 Rum River at Onamia, Minn........................................ Ill Rum River at Cambridge, Minn..................................... 113 Rum River near Anoka, Minn....................................... 114 Minnesota River drainage basin........................................ 116 Description........................................................ 116 Minnesota River near Odessa, Minn................................. 119 Minnesota River near Montevideo, Minn............................ 120 Chippewa River near Watson, Minn................................. 122 Redwood River near Redwood Falls, Minn.......................... 123 Cotton wood River near New Ulm, Minn............................ 124 Blue Earth River at Rapidan Mills, Minn............................ 125 St. Croix River drainage basin......................................... 126 Description........................................................ 126 Kettle River near Sandstone, Minn.................................. 128 Snake River at Mora, Minn......................................... 132 Cannon River drainage basin.......................................... 134 Description........................................................ 134 Cannon River at Welch, Minn....................................... 135 Chippewa River drainage basin........................................ 136 Description...................................... %................. 136 Flambeau River survey............................................. 138 Chippewa River at Chippewa Falls, Wis............................. 139 Chippewa River near Eau Claire, Wis ............................... 142 Red Cedar River at Cedar Falls, Wis................................ 143 Zumbro River drainage basin.......................................... 144 Description...................................................... 144 Zumbro River at Zumbro Falls, Minn.............................. 145 Black River drainage basin............................................ 146 Description...................................................... 146 Black River survey................................................ 147 Black River at Neillsville, Wis.................................... 147 ILLUSTRATIONS. Page. PLATE I. Typical gaging stations: A, For bridge measurement; B, For wading measurement .................................................. 18 II. Small Price current meters....................................... 20 III. Discharge, area, and mean velocity curves for Mississippi River at Anoka,Minn ................................................. 88 IV. A, Typical low-head development, Crow River at Rockford, Minn.; B, Dam of St. Louis River Power Company, Thompson, Minn.... 106 6 CONTENTS. 5 Upper Mississippi River drainage basin Continued. , Page. Boot River drainage basin............................................. 148 Description....................................................... 148 Root River neai Houston, Minn. ................................. 150 Wisconsin River drainage basin........................................ 151 Description. .................................................... 151 Wisconsin River survey........................................... 153 Eau Claire River survey.......................................... 154 Wisconsin River near Rhinelander, Wis............................. 154 Wisconsin River at Merrill, Wis..................................... 156 Wisconsin River near Necedah, Wis................................. 158 Wapsipinicon River drainage basin .................................... 159 Description...................................................... 159 Wapsipinicon River at Stone City, Iowa............................
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