A Historical Study of the Exploration of Utah Valley and the Story of Fort Utah

Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive

Theses and Dissertations

1946

A Historical Study of the Exploration of Utah Valley and the Story of Fort Utah

Ray C. Colton Brigham Young University - Provo

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BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Colton, Ray C., "A Historical Study of the Exploration of Utah Valley and the Story of Fort Utah" (1946). Theses and Dissertations. 4612. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4612

This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. A easthaSThistoricalORICAL SIUDYSTUDY OF tietleT a explotioiiFLICPLO ui liolloLIC OF utieutleUUTAHtihtietleaih VALLEY ALD tiffiTEEyeryme STORY OF FORT UTAH

A thesisthe s i s presented to the jepartlieptjepartxjent olof01 historyliistory lrighaiaurighzld founfoungyoungyoun university

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by ray C colton 1946 TATABLEBLE OF Ccoivjtets0 tk TS

n1 CHAPTER PAlageRASErageIIZE I1 1ntroductioiintroduction 1 II11 physiogeogpispiffPHYSIO jeograpify OF UutanuyanL VALLEY 4 geography 4 geologicalceoloxeolo icalicel historyJistorystony 5 lilliiilliliIII111 irePRE iormocormo exploration OF UTAH viiVALLEYY 10 each pathfiiider left idsilisakisims iarklarkbark oriorlon ututahutbhh valley 10 escalantees6alanteescaianbe eerldaldanderidrid dominguezDominnez 11 spanish 1exicanmexican rradera1radersbraderagraders 16 arur frzj1pertrappers lndcndend raderstraders2 I171 chereiherevlhere provo ototcrotG oftott its ivalva116ale116amaameaieale 211 xlremdfremontut irin utah valley 22 ridgers3ridrerlsjjridgersjJ keport of utahutan valleyvailey 25i IV liroiaisliroilitiiai43AiSals CFOJ uraliueailudanu2ailuzanUTAH zalleyVALLEYVALLLY 27 rtrcheoioicalxsrcheojoeical and etilnoloetnnologicalethnologicalical iackroandia ck round 27 escalascalscalanteescalantealteelteanteate kithitllitilitlavith ttetie tinipdnootis2impdno6otzis 29 farfur tratrapperslersaersiers aulaandurad hetneane uteU te ladiaiisIndicindicinsilsins 31 ute indians contemporary vitia the kormonsluormwiscormons 32 V oj&on EXPLOIT TICN OF UTAKUZAH VALLEY 40

jlixplorationsalxlxdiordiod t ons darinsdurinsdaringdarlngduring 1847 40 activities ifin utah vallejvaileyvalley JLdurinjurinirintrin6 1848 andarid the early part of 10164949 42

1 ikikiraisjlxirjiishiraisirmis 1 at battlebattie creek 454 bonebomesonesome reasonsreusensreusons for tlethe foundyoundyounafoundingiicc rz of fortyortort uitutahila 49 C HA 1 CHAPTERPTEAyeryea PAbagreXE

VI timTIEytleylie joui1ingboulbojiji d1i4g OF foryyortFORTFOAT UTAH 522 ereprepreparationpardtionpardgard tion in saitsalt iildkejakejdke city 522 trip to the titilapanogos or provo river 544 arnenvrnenmn en teswatass fofortrt Uutaht a h asettlede t t 1 ed 60 building of fort utah on its first site 63 the families are brou8ntjarountlaroibrojaro unt tobo the fort 68 VII LIFE II11I1 FORT UTAH ON 1lysITSas2s filfilistzilistist siresladsiadSITE 72 agricultural developments in the ievkiev1ievlev colony 72 civil and military activities durindaringduning 1849 74 spiritual edncatidiiuleducjti3iial and recreational functions 77 family liflirelifee in fort utah 79 infant industries introduced in the colony 83 cennoncannon explodes lillskills dayton injures cehndehndeanbeancean 85 church authorities visit ton site selected 87 fort utah A base for exploration and colonization 90 VIII WAR CLOUDS GATgratl feelerIERFER AT loatbortkortFOHT UTAH 94 provo river ailallan indian endezvoasiiendezvous 94 skirraskirmishish between little chief and valwansnipflaiisillipvanWansnip 94 indian relations during ttlletrieie 3prinoprinspring and Susimmersummermalermaier of 1849 96 olaroldroidoldfold bishop murdered1durdered 100 open warfare ImpenimpendingdinS 101

ilessen&erslesselbesseilesseiicersacers0 dispatched to governor young 10510 captain howard stansburyStansburynry consulted 107

expedexpedeexpeditionaryI tionary force rashedrushedsashed to fort utah 109 chaiterCHAPTER PAPAGEGE IX THE BATTLEB I1 TZLL OKON tekteetiitilTHE1 PAOVO 112 aariarar council held 112 A reconnoiter of lneime enemy 112 troolsdroolstroops take their positions last lvinuteivaivj nute tracetruce sousoughtaht2ht 114 first days assault 115 the second days fighteight A turning point 119 one dead and anteenininteenli6ilteenteelteen Wouriwoundedded 124 sunday a day of liestrest indian encampment deserted 126 troopstroobroo ps sent to intercept the retreating indians 127 peace parley held troops return to salt lake city 132 X yortSORTFORT UTAH oiOU ITITS secaisecdiSECONDD SITE 13-1360 this thesis restricted to the 0torystory of fort utah 136 fort utah moved1doved to its second site 137 utah county created proveprovo city laid oatout 139 indian associations spring alaana jarlyearlyberlyberiy sulsonniersumnlerliaerkiaer 1850 142 talkervalkerdaikenwalken threatens liassacreLias sacre oiettesovxietteolettebietteoiette Coucounterslitersriters 146 ecclesiastical aldeldandend intellectual eroderoeproeprogressress 148 civil development legal and ecclesiasticalecclesiabtical courts 151

industrial1 elpaexpaexpansionr sionslon 153

population increased colonists ovedloved14 out of fortdortport 154 iafirCHAFTERcikafir pdaedgepasA GE XI ortbortjortport2ortOAT atadutaduiah1 3 PART 1Us luulieeleeJLR lil 2ptldi10l3 158 fort utchutehutdh 6a diiiiiditaryiiiitarydatary tary rfoserhose 18158 h farelfareilarentfareiitdarelit colony tcto utah clantycoaritycoanty totovloviisloveisv ns 19159109log fortyortort utah cilitia6ilitiabxilitib oaon i econnoiterineconnoiteriuc axpediionsexpeditiolsexpeditious 19159 incidents leadinleddinleading to the fellerbialker ar 161 lortfortport utahs part in thetneane daikerdalkerdackerjalker Vfarfurvar 16516 provo1 rovonovo sceliescene of peace parley teersneeks boys warmarmurmurdereddereadereddeneaurderedurmurdered 168 ivhlad wallyullyuil built around provo city 169109log tinticgintic waafarvfarr 12172 provo militia 1856 to the elidnd of the

hdyvi7 madmar blaeblacblackblaek raawk darar 0 175 XII FortkortCRTFORT UUTAHTA 11 1yayorialiadivljoalalizedORIALildladIaD 181131 bibliography 184 TABLE OF illustratioiisillustjratiois

TABLE iacrelaorelagePAGE

I1 fort utah at its first site 1849501849 50 511 II11 Ihotost8ticphotosttic copy of cabin location in fort utah 70

31 liililIII111 indian prisorkeiprisoners1 celielcjliel zikhikIK andalaaaladana his dqauvsquusquy 130 IV fort utah being 1ebuiitrebuilt oron its secondoecond13econd sitealte 135 V early n ladkadp of proveprovo 141 CHAPTER I1

introduction

the exploration of utah valley and the history of fort utah is the story of the conquest and colonization of the american frontier discovered in the days of western expansion the valley was identified with the principal factors in the development of the intermountain west it heard the chant of the gray robed franciscan priests became a favor- ite haunt of the trail blazing far trapper and trader was the site of the ancient rendezvous of the indian saw the gold seekersseeders trudge wearily on to california and with the founding of fort utah served as the springboard of southern utah mormon colonization today this fort is the foundation of the modern and beautiful city of provo utah during its heyday fort utah was identified with the redman as well as the white it was the guardian and outpost to the south of salt lake of brigham youngs colonization plan it was the scene of extensive bartering with the indian it was the setting of major peace councils and it was a base of military operations in protecting those courageous mormon pioneers as they built an empire from the heart of the american desert in narrating the story of the exploration of this valley and the establishment of this pioneer outpost it is intended not to portray an isolated fragment of history although the 2 main setting will be centered here batbut to build another link in the development and colonization of the intermountain nestwest one of americaamericas last frontiers in writing this thesis a thorough study of all available scarcesource material has been attempted published volumes have been gleaned pioneer diaries and manuscripts have been copied and will be quoted several descendants of utah pioneers and historians have been interviewed in brief when- ever a possibility for any additional information was known a thorough investigation was made and if related to the subject was incorporated within this paper during this project splendid cooperation has been received from most of those contacted such helpful assistance is greatly appreciated without this material completion of this theme would not be possible it is hoped by the author that this composition is accurate in facts and interpretations but the possibility of error is frankly allowed since observers do not see things alike and memories have often been recorded imperfectly apparent discrepancies have been found in the surveyed material these will be commented on in the following pages not with the intention of belittling the coendablecoc mendaonimendaoni endableblebie research that has been thus far made but with the purpose of arriving at a truer picture of this epoch of mormon colonization and vital link in american history 3 the entire and complete picture perhaps can never be revealed from sources that are available unfortunately those pipioneersI1 ondersoneers of yesterday like their sons and daughters of today did not all keep accurate and complete records history is always in the making and record keeping should always be a major responsibility and obligation of those of the present to future posterity CHAPTER II11

iiiliifsiogeographyphysiogeographypil OF UTAH VALLEY

geography lies at the basis of history rt quotes hyrum schneider from kant then continuescontinaesnues in his own words physical environment certainly is an important fac- tor iinn determining the trend of human events in any region in utah as elsewhere physical geography has played its part in determining the distribution of population and industrial activities soil climate water supply and accessibilityaccessabilityaccessability determined the location of the early settlements all of these factors are the resultresuit of external and internal geologic processesreaultrejult therefore in order to treat the subject more ade- quately and create the proper geographical and geological atmosphere and background for this thesis it is appropriate to discuss some of utah valleyvaileyvalleys physical attributes and history

geography west of the wasatchNe satch mountains in the north central part of utah stretches the beautiful utah V alleyaileyvalleyvailey a half moon in shape in its west central part is cradled the utah lake occupying an area of more than 100 square miles this is utahsutah sea of gailleegalilee which is emptied by the jordan river into americaamericas dead sea the great salt lake these are remnants of the mightier creation of nature known

1 hyrum schneider geologic processes and their elationrelationa to human activities in utah ft Proceproceedineproceedingproceedingsedine of the utah scadacadacademy of sciences arts and letters 12159 1935 5

today as lake bonneville which thousands of years al-ago0 o pushed its watwetwatersrs toward dhetheche north and on to the pacific ocean skirting its eastern shoreshone between the lake and the mountains there is a strip of land approximately 40 milesdaliesdalles long averagingaveraginsraging 5 miles wide which gently siopesslopes toward the water the valley hashesbesho s an altitudealtialblalbitude around 4500 feet and lies between 111 and 112 degrees estwest longitude and 40 degrees north latitude learleanv earean the nouthmouthmonth of the provo riverelvereiverreivercelverzelver about taotwo miles west of the center of provo city jortoortdontjontrortoont utah waswa s built althinwithin a year for leedneed of hi&hereighernigher ground the site was changed to what is known today as Jovaowiettejovviettekletteviette or north park at fifth lestvilestvrest and fifth north streets in provo

geological distoranidinistorydistorystory thefhe geological processes in utah valley and the mountainsmoanta ins surrounding it darinadurinadaringduring the earliest eras in the geological ricetimerime chartachartohart A neozoicrcheozoicrcneozoicarcheozoicrc and Ipro-ro terozoicterozoic it seems underventunderrentunderventunderwent about the same operations of the ages as that of all western parts of Aamericaiericaenica iloueverweverlowevernoweverno during the paleozoic era especially in the Cambriacambriaiiainurialabrianii in the iiississippianllississippian and in the pennsylvanian periods distinctive changes were made in this region together ithwith other portions of the great basin utan valley aaswasas covered with an arm of the sea the cambrian stredestratestretestrette largely of shale liulimestoneestoleestone and dolombolomdolomiteL te noanonow occur in this section of utah to the thickness of 2500 feet laterleater on in the Palepalezoicpaleozoiczoic era during the 6 mississippian period the sea again approached the utah valley leaving a deposit of sandstone limestone and shale of about 5000 feet this sedimentation continued through the pennsylvanian period until there was interbedded shale 0 quartzite and limestone to the thickness of 20000 feet 2 today small fossil preservations in limestone of the paleozoic era such as brachiopodsbrachiopode coralscorald etc have bebeenen found in the mountains bordering the utah valley throughout the mesozoic era and perhaps into the cenozoic utah valley as part of the great basin was under- going erosion the streams of this area flowed east thus depositing the sediments in what is known as the plateau province eaeasternstern utah and westernNe stern colorado in the post cretaceous or early tertiary time there was a general u- plifting of the region including the great basin and plateau provinces accompanying or closely following this uplift there was extensive volcanic activity and following and possibly accompanying the volcanic activity there wasmas a subsidence during which the great basin region broke into 8a series of blocks which settled unevenly producing the

2 james gilluly geolgeology and ore deposits of the stockton and airfieldfairfield quadrangles utah U S G S professional lapenpaperpapen 173 washington D C government printing office 19321932. p 1 7 ridges and the valleys 3 the resulting faulting affected the whole region betbetweenneenveen the sierra revadanevada and the wasatch mou- tantainsins the steep western front of the wasatch peaks just east of the utah valley represents thethiethle erosional remnants of the faf8faultyuit 4 while these major changes were taking place the relative uplift of tlethetiletiietlle plateau province was greater than that of the great basin province or more probably the subsidence in the basin province was greater than that in the plateau province this caused a verselversalversaireversalre of the drainage which had previously been from utah valley and her sister valleys in the great basin to the plateau region streams began to workworewone gradually back by headwater erosion into the plateau province 5 thus came into being the provo river the american fork river hobble creek spanish fork river Peteetpeteetneetneet creek and the other streams of utah valley this process of erosion however has been relatively slow that is why these streams are short in comparison to the green and the colorado rivers in the plateau section

3 bert S butler ore deposits of utah U S G S professional paper rflllfflll washington D C govtgoatgov printing office 1920 p 73 4 williamgilliam J miller elements ofL geolgeology nevinew york D van nostrand company inc 1931 P 424 5 B S butler 2pap cit p 73 8 during the pleistocene period in the cenozoic emera the upper horizons of which according to geologists farnishurnishfurnish the first evidence of human beings on earth the great basin had a moister climate than at present 60 this has also been called the ice or the glacier age numerous lakes came into existence at the same time the mountains had a number of glaciers and ice caps the one of llounthiountblount Timpanotimpanogosgos today survives from that time one of the largest of the lakes was lake bonneville the entire utah valley lay submerged under hundreds of feet of water salt lake utah lake and others of this region may be regarded as remnants of this mighty inland seasee deltas and various types of shore deposits and wavecut cliffs were formedformed77 for thousands of years this lake receded because of evaporation and drainage each recession is marked by wave cut benches today one can see these shorelineshore line terraces along the mountain sides surrounding the utah valley the highest or bonneville beach is about 1000 feet above the present level of utah lake the provo shoreline is about 80 375 feet lower this level is indicated by the provo bench

6 W J miller appp cit p 454 7 G K gilbert lake bonneville U S G S mon- ographs washington D C government printing office 18901890. appp 125127125 127 134135134 135 bibid8ibid8 ibid appp 172173172 173 9 the site of the upper campus of the brigham young university which through a cariouscurious coincidence is on the same geological level as the east bench site of the university of utah in salt lake city and the campus of the utah state agricultural college at logan the next halt made by this ancient lake is known as the stansbury level which extends into provo city the present level of course is the utah lake level in the meantime while lake bonneville retreated the streams reaching back into the snow capped mountains have fed countless tons of virgin soil to these lake levels creating soil well adapted to diversified agricultural pursuits again had it not been for the wasatch mountains utah valley and the others to the west of this range would have remained a desert the wind currents bringing moisture from the pacific ocean in rising over these peaks are chilled and thereby forced to give up their contents in rain and snow the thirsty soil rapidly absorbs the rain but the snows are held back in the mountains until the spring and sumnersummer when the water flows from the canyons into the valleys below to be used fforor irrigation culinary purposes and in the hydro electric plants furnishing power and light for homes and industry thus is seen the natural heritage of those who have lived and are living in the utah valley CHAPTER iliIII111

irePREMOMIONPREPREMORMONMOMIONMORMON explorations OF UTAH vallVALIVALLEYhiffdiff each pathfinder lefleftlertt his mark on utah vallavalleyvailey while glancing through an atlas a geography of utah valley or a history in which the names of its cities towns streams mountains and lakes are listed olesonesone interest is aroused as to the source of these names the indians no doubt confer- red the original names on the mountains streams and lakes the spanish missionary substituted with names relative to their religion then came the farfur trappers and traders who contributed names which they thought were befitting to the localities united tatesstates0 government explorers and surveyors left their mark on the nomenclature finally the mormon colonists entering the valley either adopted those names given before or substituted some of their own taken from their religious books history or prominent leaders thus on tthehe map of utah valley there is represented an interesting narrative of its different inhabitants both ancient and modern when planning the westward movement from the central states to the rocky mountain area it appears that an extensive study was made by mormon leaders of all reports and maps 11 available undoubtedly sesome of this material concerned the utah valley it is therefore the aim of the writer in this chapter to relate experiences and opinions of some of the Pathpathfindersfinders whose names have been blazonedemblazoneremblazonedem on this valley and whose reports were studied by the dormoisdormonsmormons in their preparation fforor the westward move

escalante and minguezdominguezDc 1776 represents two great dates in american history in that year on the atlantic seaboard the american colonial fathers awakened to the destiny of a great nation and gloriously created their first national birthday by declaring on july 4 1776 their independence from an english despotic king at the same time across a mighty continent there was another awakening and birth of freedom it was during this year within a few days of that first memorable date that another group much smaller em- barked on a slightly different expedition which also proved to be an event of magnitude no doubt the second event will never be recognized as an equal with the first in american history but its greatness can be claimed in the fact that as far as known it is the first time that white men appeared in and made record of a great area of western america

1 william J snow the great basin before the coming of the Morcormonsmormonsmons tt unpublished doctors dissertation berkley california university of california 1923 J appp 179199179 199 12 according to their record on july 29 1776 two franciscan priests fray silvestreselvestreseiselStIvestre valez de calanteescalanteSs and fray francisco antanasio dominguez accompanied voluntarily by don juan pedro cisneros dondoridorl bernardo hierabieramieraiviiera y pacheco don joaquin lain lorenzo olivares lucrecio muniz andres munizamunizpmuniz juanjoan de guilaranguilarmanguilarAn and simon lucero left santa fe new 11exicomexico seeking a shorter route to monterey california 2 although it would be interesting to follow the party from day to day as recorded in Escalantesescalanteescalantes journal it is not felteitfeltfeit to be expedient in this study to give more than a resume of their journey until they entered utah valley leaving santa feite the explorers it seems traveled in a general northwest direction through what is now new mexico and colorado entering utah they crossed the green river called by them san buenzventurabuenzventurebuenaventuraBuenzventuraventure september 13 1776 about where jensen utah is today they traveled southwest to the forks of the uintah and duchesne rivers and after crossing turned west and a little north following generally along the duchesne river leaving the latter stream they went west again crossing the strawberry valley then southward to spanish fork canyon which they descended on september 23 3 1776 the travelers arrived in utah valley

2 771 R harris the catholic church Jin utah quoting diary and travels of escalante tt salt lake city utah intermountain catholic press 1909 p 125 3 W snow op p 6 ibid appp 164172164lgb 172 J cit I1 13 sanesonesome historians including bancroft state that feseescalantecalantesfiscalanteescalantesfisEs party continued west to provo or Timpanotimpanogosgos river and followed it down to the utah valley 41 IN R harris however claims they crossed the divide descended soldier creek to spanish fork river and followed the latter stream down spanish fork canyon to support this view harris refers to calantesescalanteescalantesSsEscalante description of utah valley with its four rivers and claims the one followed to utah valley aguas salientescalientesCalientes nastmastmust be the spanish fork river of todatodayy he contends if we are to assume that calanteescalanteSs did reach utah valley by coming down provo river and to which in that case he ouldouidwould have given the name aguas salientescalientesCali entes it is certainly impossible to see how he could have given names to three streams located to the northwest of proveprovo river when only two exist 5 jensen in further support of this view states it may be cited that escalante in his account of his trip down the canyon to utah valley refers to a number of springs of hot water of sulphurous character which he says haveve their rise in an exceedingly lofty mountain very close to the river on this northern sides ide and they flow into the river for this reason we called 1 it the river of aguas salientesualientes hot water I the presence of sulphurous hot springs north of the river in spanish fork canyon is a matter6ofmatter of common knowledge but there is none in provo canyon 0

4 HH bancroft histhistory jfof utah san francisco california the history company fublistersblisherspublishersblibil shers 18911891. p 11 5 W dR arrisnarrisharrisli op cit p 249 60 J iarinuscarinusIa1darinusrinusninus jensen histhistory of provo utah provo utah published by the author printed by kewnew century printing co 19241924. p 19 14 in reading the escalante journal it appears the little party was profoundly impressed withyilth utah valley and its indian inhabitants whomho were described as very gentle and affable through their guide and interpreter they conversed and visited with the natives going to their ellingdellingdu places which were hatshutsauts of cane of this visit young says escalante talked to the indians on christianity and explained to them the meaning of the cross A lalargerge number of natives gathered and this meeting is the farstfirst incident recorded in our statestatedstatemIs history utah of irst christian missionaries teaching christ to the ledmanredmanaedmanxedmanaddman 7 the spaniards referred to the indians living along the shores of utah lake as tinTimpipanoisiptimpanoisanois timpanogotzistisapanogotzisTimpanogotzis and laguanaslaguaneslagwanesLaLaguguanesanas they claimed that the language used was a form of the butasyutas language these Timpanotiaipanogotzistimpanogotzisgotzis indians were called fishfiehyieh eaters by the utasrutas and the sabueganas because rt the fornerformer subsisted chiefly on fish 8 after an enjoyable visit of three days the missionaries proceeded south later deciding on account of the lateness of the season lack of provisions roughness of the country and a heavy snowstorm to return to hantabanta6anta fejetelipe instead of push- ing on to the faciffaciapacificic coast they arrived back in antabanta6antasanta fe

7 young new levi edgarC the foundifoundsfounding of utah york charles scribners sons 192ttp192 P 50 8 3 R harris ak2kop cit pp175 183 15 january 2 1777 9

an excellent descrideschidescriptiondioldionpionU of utah valley is given by escalante to do justice to this record it ouldouidwould not be right not to quote directly he vividly narrates as follows the vaileyvalleygalleywaileywalley of our lady of ivivlercyercy of the tlnpantimpankimpan ogotogotzisogotzis1zis is surrounded by the peaks of the sierra from aichhichwhich flow four rivers which flow through and water it until they enter the lake in the middle of it the plain of the valley extends from southeast to northwest sixteen spanish leagues 38560856385638.56 nilesmiles and from the northeast to southwest ten or twelve leagues it is all clean land and with the exception of the marshy placeslaces that viaterwater it along the shores of the lake very good for planting from the four rivers that water it the first flows from the south and is the aguasguas salientescalientesCali entes spanish fork in hosewhose broad plains is sufficient cultivable land for two large villages theeh e second following the first hobble creek three leagues to the north and with more water than the first could maintain one large and two small villages this river before entering into the lake is divided into two branches on whose banks are poplars and large alder trees dewe named this river san nicholasicholas three leagues and a half from this to the northwest is a river which runs through large plains of good land for planting provo river it has more water than the two preceding ones it has larger groves and plenty of good land if irrigated fforcorronor thotaotwo and even three villages we named it the rio de san antonio de padua 20to the fourth american foreforkporkyore river we did not go although we saw its groves it is to the northwest of san antonio and as we saw it has on each side of it much level ground they told us that it had as much water as the others andelidana so I1 am satisfied we could establish there some ranches and towns we named it the river of santa ana aside from these rivers there are in the plain many pools of good water and several fountains which flow

991 R harris op 1 citc it p 242 16 down from the mountains from what we have just said about the settlements let it be understood that we wish to give to each one more land thalthan he really needs but if each settlement took only one league for cultivation there would be room in the valley for as many villages of indians as there are in ieiealeabewiew exico6iexico because although in the northerly direction we gave to it the above dimensions though it has more on the south it also has large spaces of good Lground there is everywhere good and abundant pasturage and lnn some parts flax and hempherup drowgroingrow in such abundance that it seems to have been planted the clclimatete here is good and having suffered so much franfronfrom cold since leaving the river of sanzsancsan buenaventura green river we found this valley very comfortable both day and night aside frfronfromra all these advantages in the range that surrounds the valley there is plenty of wood and timber plenty 0of shelter vatervatenwater and grass to raise herds of cattle and horses that is in the northern northeast east and southern parts in the south and southwest it has two other extended valleys also with abundant grass and sufficient water to one of these extends the lake it is six leagues wide and fifteen leagues long it extends to the northwest and as we are told is connected by a river jordanjordanljordani with a larger lake great salt lake this lake of the timpanogotzisTimpanogotzis abounds in many kinds of good fish and in geese and other waterfowl that we had not time to see 10

spanspanishish keaikeximexicancan traders As far as is known the catholic missionaries never returned to the utah valley but a trade route wasvms established and spanish traders penetrated to the vicinity of the timpanogosTimpanogos from the spanish archives of new mexico it is learned anuel kestasmestas a yuta interpreter visited the valley at least once during 1805180 where he reduced 11 them the yatesyutes to peace and recovered some horses

10 W R harris cit appp 180182180 182

11 1 1 770 J snow op cit p 12 17 in 1813 in the sanesame archives there is a record to the effect that ariciouriciourielollaariciollauricioilaiiaLla arge and lagos garcia conducted a trading expedition to the timpanogosTimpanogos and the bearded yntas the company remained at the lake of the timpanogosTimpanogos for three days trading with the yntas the indians wanted to sell slaves and when the SpaniardsspaniardspanlPaniards refused the butasyutas began slaughtering their horses killing in all eight horses and one mule the traders collected their horses guarded them all night and left for rio sebero sevier river the next day later the spaniards did purchase slaves and frocframfrom then on periodically until after the arrival of the cormonsmormons in utah there was some trade carried on between the mexicans and the indians of utah valley in furs and slaves 12

furfanfungaryun trappers and traders following closely in the wake of these spanish 11 exicanmexicanmexican expeditions were a group of hardy men who perhaps did as much or more in pre liormonlvlormon exploration of utah valley than any other these were the farfurrur trappers and traders soon afafteraftenter the opening of the nineteenth century men of several farfurrur companies and a few private individuals on their own initiative in their quest for furs and thetrae excitement that the frontier offered penetrated the rocky mountains and the pacific coast Ssomeom e of0 f

12 W J snow 2papop cit p 121412 14 also joseph J hill TI spanishtispanish and mexican exexplorationP rationnationlorationlohoration and trade northwest into the great basin r utah historical JijilarterquarterlyLartergarter 31620316 20 jan 1930 18 them reached the utah valley and left their imprint on it

in the year 1825 certain historians amonga acong ilonvlonalomahomwhomI1 are bancroftbarlBari croft and chittendenChittelidenfidenniden claim gillian asniensilleyasniey of the rockyhoceyhockyrocey ionnionntainkonnkoun1lounteinteintain farfurfun caroarCancompanydalydanypany led a croupgroup of men by vayway of south Ilasslassass and salt lake to utah lake and there built a fort kno-knownn as fort ashlashiashleyey eitherelthereithen the next year or in 1827 a six pound 13 cannon was brought fronfromfroindroin ltjt louis andendana mounted at the fortyortU it weswasas a temporary trading post and stood near where provo utah noinovnow stands 1114 dale on the otherotner iiaigiailiandllandid contends that the post seems to have been located near the great salt lake itself rather than on utah lakeluke11jakjake e As proof of this contention he cites the journal of peter skeene ogden published in the oreonoregon

1 historicallist orical society quarterly4 uarterly 1136536911365 369 which refers to the american post at salt lake iniriirl 1827 and 1828 helielleide also refers to a letter of Vd li ashley no iniliirilri the assessionossessionpossessionossession of the Idisluislulsmissourisouri 1historical society aichhich infers that JT 363 ialthaith set out on his expedition which will be referred to later to the southwest in august 1826 from saltsaitsaitsalt lake 15 helielle does however

13 ii nH bancroft popp cit p 21 14 hirannliartillhiram liartin chittenden the american furzuryur trade of the far nestwest newkew14 ew york barnes and noble inc 1931935 vol II11 p 947 15 harrison clifford dale tlletrieme ashashley smith explorations and the discodiscovery of a central oateidoute to the pacific 182218291822 1829 TGJIenjiendaletglendalelendaledaiedale callcaliforniato mia the rthurarthuranthur 1ni clark co 1941 P loh104 19 claim that Ashashlessashleyashleysleys men were certainly familiar with the 16 territory around utah lake by 1825 some historians have contended that utah lake for a while was called ashley lake among those are bancroft who explains utah lake was called for a time ashley lake 17 apparently this version is at least partially based on the albert u allatin map this man while preparing a map in 1836 for his synopsis of the indian tribes of north america designated utah as ashley lake 18T chittenden challenges the latter claim by saying historians have generally supposed that it was utah lakehake which was temporarily honored ithwith the generals name ashley batbut this is not the case in commenting on Ashashlessashleyashleysleys personal travels south of zaltzait lake this historian maintains that the explorer went as far as bevierhevier lake which was then given the name of ashley lake 19 the first definite mention of utah as the name of the lake seems to have been suggested by jedediahTedediah strong smith the farfurrurcar trapper and trader who probably contributed most to the great basin conquest and development in a letter

16 ibid appp 102103102 103 171 H H bancroft op cit p 22 18 H C dale OP0 cit p 315 19 H M chittenden op cit p 273 20 written to eneralgeneralG illiamwilliamff darkclarkmark superintendent of indian affairs from little lake of zearlear riverhiverkiver july 12th 1827 fl describing his journey southward he writes I1 started a boatboutabout the 22nd of august 1826 from the great salt lake with a party of ffifteenifteen men fforfonronor the purpose of exploring the country s w which was entirely unknown to me and of which I1 collect no satisfactory information fraefrom the indians who inhabit this country on its n e borders lilymy general coarsecourse on leaving the salt lake was s w and w passing the little utaute lake and ascerldiascending Ashashlessashleyashleysleys river which empties into the little uta lake 0 sullivan aptly describes this visit to utah valley in the following paragraph the first large encampment of indians encountered by captain smith was that of the uta rationnation on utah lake proud equestrian chiefs of a far roving people greeted jedediah as a friend and readily made a treaty of alliance wwithith hima with liberality he distributed presents among them and when he left thee omelonenadmelomenaomenwomen of the chief men were bright with 11 foofaraw11foofaraw 11tt21 dale comments in a footnote that Ashashlessashleyashleysleysleyb river is presumably the sevier which however does not empty into utah lake but into sevier lake smithssnithysmithy mistake in the matter may be due to the fact that he seems to haveave reached the sevier only after passing utautahh laklakee 222

20 letter quoted by H C dale op cit appp 182183182 183 21 maurice S sullivan jedediah smith trader and trail breaker new york press of the pioneers inc 1936 p 70 22 H C dale op 1 cit p 183 21 where provo got its lameiame there are at least three theories explaining the scarcesource of the name provo one doub- tful story is that colonel john C fremont named the river inoveProveproveauaultaullaurl for a valuable horse purchased from a frenchman by that name which died and was buried near the stream A second theory has it that the name provo is derived from an indian chief this story aisoalso8130 lacks substantiation the writer has been unable to find a single mention of such an indian in all the literature he has reviewed the ththirdird theory and by far the most widely accepted is that the city river and valley of this name were derived from a french canadian trader and trapper etienne provot from the journal of W A ferris who joined the rocky mountain farfur company in 1830 entitled life in the rocky mountains if comes a pathetic experience of iroProprovotprevotsprovotsvots claimed by chittenden to have happened on provo river near utah lake 23 there is one evil genius among the snake or shoshone indians called the bad gocha 11 mauvais gauche bad left handed one who fell in withw ith a party of trappers led by a well known mountaineer mr E proveau on a stream flowing into the big lake that now bears his name several years since he invited the hiteswhites to smoke the calumet of peace with him but insisted that it was contrary to his medicine to have any metallic object near while smoking proveau knowing the superstitious whims of the indians did not hesitate to set aside his

23 H 11 chittenden appp cit volume I1 p 272 22 arms and a lloialloalloi rilriiniss mez-meni tto0 rolfolroifollonfollovloviov llislais example they then 4 formedL a circle by silting indiscriminately1idiscriiir ely iin1 a illgring alaandelidana caiaencedcoraencea tneane ceremoiiyceremony durigurigurlguricduricdaringI1 C v iccijjjjiccila11l1 ca aatL a precon-r e c on c i ifie certeder t ed ssignalilnaena i ttheh e iindiaxxsnd i a ii s freilfellrelie 11 uapon0 i 1 tiathemeideioeld aandanaiid ccoiimenced0 ifiie ii c e the ork of slauFslaughterLter ianitn theirbleir knives chichvhichvjiicn theymey had concealed under their robes aldand61iiu ulelbianulenoldinbian111oldinveto111hetovetohegle U 6 1roveauproveau a I very aticletic lanian difficultydifficdltyo extric8extricotedLledjed xiiiioelf athleticiletic 0 vithith ifricjity extricated iim6elf frodrorroitiproitir therathedathena and vititho- three or four thersothers aileealike81 lkeake 1ortunteortunabortuna ie succeeded in makicitmaking his escape titetneane remainderleolareLia ilderinder of01 the dartyparty of fifteen vierevere allailali dasszcrediliassccred ijotithscaiijotvithsuandingdilzdiledaizdiiz this infernal detdeluelact itslusiusILS savaescav&ecavae Uallaliaulutiaoronor hslash&snas beendeell several tinestimestildes in the cailcalapp of the vhwhitesites but nishis icceace not jeiiijeisibeingoeing recog- ht LIabne icefce nized Y he nss thus furrur epescapedtaped bnele deatdedtdeaunh hisnis treacherous iiiurernlirder so ricirichlyly aeritsbritsaeritsaerita n some historiansID spell this malsblantsmars name as proveauProvean others soellspellspeil it rrovost111rovostprovost rt includingiricklickllc luding chittenden holeverhoweverliovgiov ever larrislarnisIarrisarnis maintains that provot is tneane correct spelling lieile bases nishis claicialelainclaimi as to hovnovnoavnovv it is spellepeilepelie C 0on11 tthehe record in t1tatlethee administration of taene estate ofor tienneetieiirie brovotkrovotirrovotirrovot atBL the st louis courtroulcourthoulcoarthoaje1 e in thebneabne obituary lloriononio oleeoiceuleeulce of lnetneaneune ilissourimissourijissoariLisgis souri relublicanrepublicanhepablican it vas also spelled broirovotbrovotrrovotirovot since thetneane itt in tneane frenchdrench name provot is silent the name 1 frovobrovorrovoarrovo 11 as applieda pplappl i ed to the tityoltygitylitycity valley and dverliverriverniverC today corresponds to the vayway 25 provot Zpronounced his nanename

fremont jin utah vavalleyvailey in the sprisprillsprinespringnL of 1839 provot asQQ employed for ailan expeditionexDedition led by a frenchman named

24 it11 J cecil alter L A errisferrisJj in utah utah historical qaarterlyquarterlybarteruarter 91051069105 106 januaryJanaaryuary april 1941 255 iia liarrisarrie ak2kop cit appp 26261622612622611 26262 23 JT i1 colletlacolletmcolletmacolletlA to map the area between the upper ississippillississippimississippi1 1 ississippisippl and missouri rivers second in c caimanocaimandcwmnand aaswasas johljohajohn C fremont a 26 year old topographical engineer 10no ddoubt the old trapper told the young engineer much concerning the rocky mountain area which fremont aasaaewasgae soon to explore 26 during the next quarter of a century FrecremonsfremoritsPrpremonsmoritsemons travels took hinbinhimbim to many parts of the rocky LIliounountainsmountainstainsbains and the pacific

tha110soastsoestcoastoast xeturningreturning fronfrom his exploration of california in 1843441843 44 li remontliremontlaremont took the old spanish trail to the rio virgin and followed the asatchasarch11asatch mountains where he reached the shores of utah lake on idaymay 252 1844 apparently he vasraswas very well impressed with utah valley as he relates we entered a handsome mountain valley covered althaithwithavithvvith fine grass and directed our course toward a highnighhigia snowy peak at the ffootoot of which lay the utah lake on our right was a ridge of high mountains their summits covered with snow itlt utah lake is a lake of note in this country under the dominion of the utahs who resort to it for fish among these the tribulartributar ies the principal river is the limpanogotimpanogoTimpa noeonogo proveprovo signifying rock riverariverrivena a name which the rocky grandeur of its scenery obtained for it from the indians lilongalongiong its eastern shore the lake is bordered by a plain cherevherewhere the soil is generally good and in greater part fertile watered by a delta of prettily timbered streams this would be an excellent locality for stock farms it is generally covered with good bunch erssgrssass and would abun- dantly produce the ordinary grains 255

262 john C fremont kemoirs1emoirsmemoirs of ly life chicago belford clarke and company 188188777 vol I1 appp 303830 38 27 IMibid PP 387388387 388 24 fremont seemed to be puzzled at this time 1844 regarding the relationship of utah lake and salt lake hen he wrote the utah is the southern limb of the reat salt lake he also stated in a former paragraph dutbutout it utah is fresh water while the other salt lake is not only salt A but a saturated solution of salt t28 As stated earlier in this chapter 29 an extensive study was made by the mormon leaders of the intermountain area before the migration to utah undoubtedly while studying emontsfremontsfremonteFrrenonsmons reports 30 they were impressed with the above quoted description of utah valley in 1845 fremont led another party into utah valley coming fronfrom the eastfeastkeast apparently crossing the uintah basin and reaching its headwaters traveled down the Timpanotimpanogosgos provo river and reached the utah lake on october loth he then passed on to salt lake on this trip he must have discovered his previous error henwhen he in his discussion of salt lake differentiates by saying the upper lake the timpanogos which discharges into this salt lake by a

28 ibid p 38 29 jcjjacjcf ante p 10 30 LDS journal history unpublished day to day record of church history 1830 to the present compiled under the direction of the LDS church historian enfileonfileon rilefilecile at the church historians office salt lake city utah december 20 1845 25 stream about thirty five miles long is fresh water 101

y Bridbriderbridenbrideenbriddenferdereen iss report of utahuta h valvaivalleyvailey wallie the ffirst Lllormonormon pioneer company camped on little sandy creek in wyo-yo ming janejune 28 1847 they met jim bridgerdridger brigham young and other leaders questioned jim aboatabbatabout the intermountain 7estaestvfesteest among other sections discussed he made a favorable report of utah valley william clayton records bridgetsbridgersbridgens opinion as follows there is no timber on the utah lake only on the streams which empty into it in the outlet of the utah lake which runs into the salt lake there is an abundance of blue grass and red and white clover the utautahja tribe of indians inhabit the region around the utah lake and are a bad people if they catch a man alone they are suresore to rob and abaseabuse him if they dont kill him batbut parties of men are in no danger dotthey are mostly armed with aunsgansguns all the valleys abound with perspersimmonsons and grapes which will make the best kind of wines he bridger never sasaw any grapes on the utah lake batbut there are plenty of cherries and berries of several kinds lieilelle thinks the utah lake is the best country in the vicinity of the saltsaitaaltbaitbelt lake and the country is still better the farther south we go there is plenty of timber on all the strestreamsalasaras and mountainsmoantamounta ins and abundanceabandance of fish in the streams there is timber all around the utah lake and plenty of good grass not machmuch of the wild sage only in patches iidildvildwild flax grows in most of the valleys and they are the richest lands the indians south of the utah lake and this side the desert raise corn wheat and other kinds of grain and produce iini abundanceabandance the utahs abound more on the

1 31 J C fremont op cit appp 430431430 431 26 west of the mountains near the salt lake than on the east side ten to one but we have no leedneed to fear them for we can drive the whole of them in tentytwenty four hourshouns batbut he bridger woaldwould not kill them he woaldwould make slaves of thenthemthem322

32 T william clayton william clayolayclaytonton IVJoarnalurnaljournal salt lake city utah the deseret iiewsdiewsuews press 1921 appp 275278275 278 CHAPTER IV

INDIANS OF UTAH VALLEY

long before thetiletlletiie white men set foot on the shores of utah lake aboriginies made their homes in the surrounding valley ThereforthereforethereforepeP a history of utah valley and fort utah would not be celetecpletecomplete without a chapter on the indians who have inhabited it

archeologicalArchearchaeologicalological eedaedendandhed ethnological background steward writing for the bureau of american ethnology states the territory around great salt lake utah lake could likewise be included have yielded evidence to show that the area was occupied probably for a very long period by simple hunting and gathering people rt however he admits itaticatat present there is little historical depth or archeologicalarchearchaeologicalological evidence of ancient cultures illitittl in this region thus one might conclude as stated early in the previous chapter that it was an awakening in the history of the indians of utah valley when the hssoaisoalscalcalanteescalanteante party arrived the ute or utah indians from which the state lake and valley received their names an important shoshonean division are related linguistically to the paiute cliemehuevic11emehuevi

1 julian H steward basin plateau aboriginal sociopolitical groups bureau of american ethnology bulletin 120 washington government rintingbintingprinting office 193819081938. p 3 28 kawaiisuKawai isu and bannock they formerly occupied the entire central and western portions of colorado and the eastern and central parts of utah including utah and salt lake valley on the south they extended into northwestern new exicomexicoMi they appear to have always been a warlike people and early came into possession of horses which intensified their aggressive charchercharacteracter 20 during the whitwhitemanwhitemansemansemane contact with this group of indians the name has been spelled and referred to by writers in several ways among which are ute utah uteahuleah yuta uta euta eutaw eutah uinta uintah yute yattayutta buhtayuhta and guta from the time of escalante who grouped them in five an effort has been made by historians and ethnolobethnolethnologistsobestsists to classify these indians the writer has considered a number of these and ffinds that the one made by steardstewardateward is a good representation he groups them principally as follows 1 tumpanogots timpenagachyatimpenaguchya timpany tenpenny timpano gotzis Timpanotimpanogosgos or lagunas 2 Pahpahvantsvants Pavanpavandutsduts pag bachisambachisam or Pahpahventsvents 3 sampitskampitsSampits santuchisanpuchiSansanpuchippuchi sampatchSampatch sam piches sanpitchesSanpitches or seuvarits 4 uinta or uintah 5 yampa or yam pah ute 6 sheberetchesSheber etches or shiberetchShiberetch

2 frederick webb hodge handbook jorof american indians northhorth of mexico bureau of american ethnology bulletin 30 ashingtonwashingtonI1 11 government printing office 1910 part 2 p 874 1414as20512112S 4.4

29 7 pavogogunsinpavogowansin or bishlishiishaishjish utes 8 tah bah veschi or lidikeik mountain utes and 9 tampa ute 3 since it was chiefly the bands of tlupanogostimpanogosTimpanogos uintah and sanpitchesSanpitches that roamed the utahubahU bah ralleyraileyvalleygalleyvailey the remainder of this discussion mainly will be limited to a description of these groups although they werewene so closely related that it is hard to differentiate the early inhabitants olloliorion the shores of utah lake have been called by one person airapanogotstompanogots tump rock fanogopanogo water mouthmonth ie canyon ots people another refers to them as timpanoguchyatimpanognchya water among stones 4

escalante with the timpanootzistimpanolotzis shenihen scalscalanteescalanteante visited utah lake in 1776 hene called it timpanogorimpanogorimpaTimpa nogo and the

people lagunas timpanoisTimpanois or tirapanogotzirimpanogotzi555555.5 the word lagunas or lagune is spanish for lake and does not appear to be a ute wordwond the probable explanation of the padresladreladnepadre use of this word as a tribal name is that the fatherratherdathervather did not know the specific indian nomeclaturenomenclature tlierefoietherefore he called 6 them ItlaganaslagunasLagunasitlagunas mealingmeaning the indians he found at the lake

3 J 1h steward op cit appp 224224225225 4 loc cit 5 gW R harris cit appp 180182180 182 0 illiamwilliam7 ii palmer utah indians past and reseiaregeiapresentrre seiAseimselm utah historical quarterlyuarterly 138 april 1928 30 ithougnlthougia scalscalanteescalanteante doeshoesboes lotriotnotclotciot mention horses at utah lake he met visivlsivisitingtiletlletinE dizylitiztimpangotzisap8ueotzis11 among the futas on the sanan francisco javier probably gunnison riverkiverelveneivenkiven colorado 7 a journey which probably reoureouiredrequiredired horses the ute in western rt colorado at that time had horses 8 he gives one the impression that the utah lake people possessed some organization although he describes them as peaceful and gentle warfare mswas clearly of soaescmesomeacme importance they were described as being poorly clothed dressing in buckskin jackets leggings moccasins and rabbit skin blankets n they lived in cane huts and ate mostly fish therefore called fishrishyishish eaters they also ate sameseme seeds rab- bits and fowl there verewere buffalo to the northwest but the Q utes were afraid to hunt them on account of the manchecomancheCc 9 further indication of the importance of warfare was the indians reaction when asked to bring a token as to whether they wanted the missionaries to return or not on the paint- ings representing three chiefs the figure that had the most red color blood represented the big chief who had wounded the most men in the wars with manchescomanchesCo the next

7 vw R harris op cit appp 146147146 147 8 J H steward op cit p 226 9 W R 11arrishrrisearrisharris op cit appp 17171821671821670 182 31 had less blood and aasvaswas inferior anilewnilevilile the tiiratnirapiira nadnaaad iioliollono blood 10 and was a civil chief

W1 I hile at utahutan lake scalantescalescalanteante ietmetlet threeU leaders wnofawnomwenom hene listed in orcier of lapirtaiiceiuipjrtance rignig6big ig V hiehierhler faranianchi uitzapununchicaitzapananchi and kanchucwasuidiranpanchacamsaidiran klichwhich means spokesmanspokesmanj 11 who aasvaswas not a cniefciliefknief batbut a oior other of the zigelgeig I1 d niefhiefonier ilchlichlichachirichachiPichpichuchiachiachluchi

farjarzuryur tra 0oopensbeneenper s and the ute indians considerable was said inhi the previous chapter12chapter 12 regarding the iluralurklururu r trappertrappen and trader and the indians of utah valley but additional infinforraaerraaorraa tion can be added with profit r sullivan in his history of ujedediah 60 snithanithsmith portrays a descriptive picture though brief henwhen hene says and from another direction came desert blackened utes squat arrlarriorswarriorsarri ors batbut marvelousnarmarveloasvelous hornorhorsemehorsemenhorsemenseme n ttl13

in december 1825182 jeneralgeneral 7.7 1alxl1 shleysdieyshieyashley while writing to general enrynenrynennyE enny tkinsontkakinsonitkiiisonilsoninson recregardingarding his trip doridorldoxiboxidown tneane ireenkreenrreenareen layeay iverlverriveralver records the following experience in 1uay 1825 on my way retarningturningreturning to teintytenintyfewinty river tenintytewintytevvirity is probably the uinta idveriliveradver abichwhich enters the orreen near junayjurayaurayuuray utahutbhj 1 met a part of the iatanlatanlutaulutanblutau tribe of indians anownoho appeared very alaawladglod to see asus lnauliaulla treated as in tiletiietlle most respectfulrespectfairulrui and friendly manmanlenmannermanneniierflerfier liesetheseiilese pedpeopeopleilealepieple wereere ellelieilwellweliweil dressed in skins had boneaone aunsgansgunsuns oatout armed generally ithwith dousdowsDMS aadandana arrowsurrows diiadaiaacinci sachsuchsuon oliierotlierkotlier iiistrumeltsinstranients of 10 ibid p 179 11 bidibidL p 182 12 cf ante appp 192119 21 24 13 131.3 L11 is sullivansulsuiSal ilvanlivan op cit p 65 32 war as are common among the indians of liissourihilshlis1vidssouriLiis souri thetheirir horses vierewere better than indian horses generallyenerallyraily are east of the mountains andalidarld rioreeloneeioneno re nwberousnumerous in proportion to the number of persons they infoinformedaedmed me by signs J that all the country known to them from south to west from the tenintytewinty river vaswas almost destitute of game that the indians inhabiting that region subsist principally on roots fish inalnaindaadcindeadcinac horses inetrieyrleyne lutasbutaslutasiutasbutas are a part of the original nakeanakeonake nation of indians utes werewere frequently confused with the snakes by early travelers they have no fixed place of residence but claim a district of country vilaichvuhichvidaich according to them is about one hundred and fifty miles long by one hundred miles wide to aichhichwhich their situation at that time wasas nearly cecentralatral 1 purchased a few horses of the utasputas 1412

ute indians bontemcontemcontemporary2orarymorary withwi th the lormanslormonsLorMormormonsmons ffromeffromronrom what can be learned of the ute indians temporarycontemporarycomtemporarycom with the colonization of utah valley and the founding of rortlortlontjorteort utah like many others of the human race there were good and bad among them brigham young always maintained that it aasviaswas cheaper to feed them than to riefiedierightfightdightht them although there were definitely some vicious ones among them some of the indians responded to the kindly treatment of the settlers gottfredsonG ottfredson claims it aasvaswas the inherent nature of the indian to steal and this brings to my mind an incident told of an indian who brought a worn out axe to a black smith to be fixed the blacksmith said I1 catcant fix it it hasthasnt any steel in it oh yes sai the indian it is all steel me steal it last night tf indians could not be depended upon as to their 6 d 1 on lalastings tin frfriendshipierierl s P 1 mostly account of their thieving

141 G letter quoted by liI1 dale pop2 cit p 146147146 147 33 propensity so it was necessary for the settlers to build forts for protection lc15 however one mastmust admit that in the eyes of the indian the white man aaswasas talltailtakinging his liunriunhuntingtinG fishing and camping ground ahenwhen settling utah Valleyaileyalieyvalleyvailey the pioneers erewere drawn to places where there aaswasas aterateewater dodwoodood streams to fish on and areas to hunt as well as to find good farlfarifarmlandaland likewise for years the utah lakeshoreiakeshoreLake shore near the provo river had been the rendezvous of the indian meyaey loved to fish eldandendariderldenid hunt and fogo unhampered as they had done for generations so naturally they took the cominecoming of the whites as an in- vavasionsiolsionslon they figured stealing and simetisometisometimesaes killing was an economic necessity and retribution iueytheyluey did not forget or forgive an injury neither did they forget a personal kindness captain howard stansbury of the U j0 army topographical engineers makes the following corcoocommentmient on the utah valley 11ndiansindiansindians as he saw them in 1849501849 50 Whilehiievitoiltvitoile engaged in the survey of thetiietile utah valley we were no little annoyed by numbers of the latter tribe who hung around the calapcaup crowding around the cook firesfiresdirescines more like hungry dogs than human beings eagerly watch- ing fforor the least scrap that might be thronthrown away which they devoured vithwith avidity and without the least preparation the herdsmen also complained that their cattle

15 peter ottfredsongottfredsonG histiliilistorykilkii storystony of indian derredationsdepredations Jin utah salt lake city utah akeltonokeltonlskeltori publishing co 1919 p 6 a-i1

L e e co uc chucU U c c C I1n tat U U I1 ua ai6ir f ealeuleuiteai t lj jccuuccu uc J cn ttjt ilot ijiuisiuxsluzeluxe caiidlianjinnjin tneirt1eirsneir litutuit 3otA viviilcixco evelecvclV E i 3ojiOJLI1 uabnbn x icaicjc d liiaulbalilauila CccC 0odiifcuii t Lilyliylly ciseiselsis-leeiee deereaduereadu eerear e a zj n eneeerer e lotL 0 t ce lrniii aiealeic i u ox0 caiecalecuieca ie ca 13 21 litoirtointo IL i ci no oudourmarledicdbcd in 1ni oideoldegide ilciiilcin lijlbcl 1 A 16 L i LA L ers ac1 1rarI1 I ccc cjliix3 a ttedl6la ed fr jror tti c lii sis CIculcui 0 3 tiietrietietiletle jtofcor3ersrs 1c 0 j u iitiiitoii or iioii jijicrllerilerjicaL lleile116 ercr liiii ae2ecbrnalybr aclucl 11 y l4la1410499 trvlcourzvclcd cluoii uitiletllele 1idizislaijiciis iii utiluancluanah vaallegliegllegile11 ey liellenierile ffolljvlii0 11 j ile

i excerexcerptsptsapts froiifroiairoiii iiiiloliko1110ij diarydi6ryfoifolaoiioi re eillilteiiiibeliilexiin 01oc liieirL beliefs slidalidgild ccastorscantorscau sstolsstorst 3dad s

ine2helneahe iidiaiiixidiaii laiu Alisilsaisiiiiss iiallailaiiauiveve solitdiybolitciiy mildness is a sirisinisingularguiargular beinebelnedein heyney seeaseenseem to oe ierenierebiere ailallaiimalsanimalsjials lain liajidn jxax 1 tny huiaia fforrororu orin LD thetn6 coniectinocoilziectinC liailirugiai uetieenufcteen aiiilidlanixudi and humaiihumadinajjiaii butbuudulldult many of01 those lo10loavlovv degraded ffilthyfiltnyiltualtuy lolookingokinE animal like hanideshwuanshanidns navelave truly reutredtgreat and politic raindshainds mthey only i ant lnetiietiletllecne mealsmeans of civilization tobo develop their truetruie characters they believe 3 greatgreet dec1deadecidecldeca 1 in viiusvicius alidanaid are very superstitioussuperstitions atanatatcnvatcivutcipatcicn1 electrelectricitydoityloity or any poerpover 4 real or inainaryinaimalma inary ihichthichchichvhicn they cannou adLlinisteradminister 1ianjitnt U heir 2 hanashandsnanas nor see the eancancaueau 1 or reason of they call iaediciimedicinee sveryeveryeveny poipolpo6rflilpoierfulpowerfulerful agency boodgood or bedbaduddbud is aediciiiiiedicinee ah2htheyrheye y thlik there is a lreatraatareatgreatreat charli iiin siieilellellingsidingsiiingsinkinging to cure tlethe sick lathiivita d 11 trethe force of lurisluins and liasclesdiasdiusLiasiassciausc clesciescleglesleg of jodyoodybody I1 ath alluliuil iheyahey sorjetiisometiclesiesles rabrub theoheune part affected creatcreatiiicreatinecreatingiiikli reat frictifrictionn 3oaetles3onetlies oury ilin clay or saloalsarbaijsaijdy iiasnvaengasnsh tuthvuth a leeodeel1&supa ouee of certcertiiicertinicertainiiiakiakl ilasinastiiidsings ofot clay heyaey seldalseldolselaoiu eatcated t vhenvnenahen Ssicasicji C X

the ostlost superst4tioussaperbtitioao or relireligionsk iouskousdous use a 6reat deal of dicineicdicinedediciiieic aliei nile veilvelivellelieilell such& achuch as to vivashasl or paint tielltichitiehitiielitkebi selves from headnead to foot vith a certain kind of hitishvnitisnhetishhitish clay chichvhichvhicn they do to preveauprevenupreve it sickness aadand just before pov ID oingC to hunt to keep the vild beasts from haviiizhcivin poverer over thelithelltbell or accidents befallinlbefallingoerailing theiathela oleone young nelalelalenniannenman filidoilidshould never smoke ullessaniessunless hene sat doalvnaovniliillvii audonuponlol r the Grougroajldgroulidgrouliklidiidild ilaeA e voulabouldvouldOLII di uapp freshfresn eartnearann and jpjprinklesprinkle3 pririnKlelikierikle betvefcnbetvveen elseisnisis le 1 eart lesies or ne on liletile s him e if he sat ilslisilehis leclacleslastd Jjastjustust before hiu then taltaitaetze freslfreshfresn airtdirtuirt aaidald d if lotnotj u ataiatalcictjp erenoaxi0 uhu h v 0obiciojiciu1a sspit1 it 0onn iitt fforiorm it litonitokluj a roand pyrziidialpyrajiidial torforirorcordorldori eliaeliuanaonaonu taiubtanubianutalugaiu it oliollon tiletiie dirt 16 noardlovard StstalsaLsburyStansstalsburyspalsburystansollryoLLry exploration1xp 2 ratioii dladnaaliaalidarid aleyjlirvfayrley of the vayelleyydlley goff tiletiietlle reatreabthreatu S alt lake of utah philadelphia lippincottippinc ott gramboG ranado aldandnd co 1852 p ilg140143 353 sprinkled berbeforebecoreore him then he is ready for smoking this he does to shield him from the knotssnots of the enemies and that he may alaysalways have good lackluck when he shoots he called it making good medicinemedicimedicineftlertneftnert for himself god the great spirit they think is their father and of coarsecourse has a wife both of which they call pe o ap tr11 signifying father and mother they think he made everything and lives in the sunson everything batbut the solsulsunson nastmastmust die the moon does die often every old moon the earth mastmust die at some distant perperiodiodlod they tell a boatboutabout their fathers away back coming oatout of the great water netherenethermnethervitnether915ViT they mean iloahloahdoahnoah or lehi and his family coming to the continent as the book of 11nornonnormonmormonornonormon speadspeaks I1 cannot tell batbut oaidouidwouldw suppose it was the latterspeaj17 some of the prominent indians frequenting utah valley from 1847 to 1869 were ope carry called little chief by the whites seen yaryer oach stick in the head lareiarepare yahyahlfyahle old elk battiste tintickTinginticktick pat sow it 11TT rangaangiangang 4aaaka te wats t1ta ittt walker rt uinta ittt tabby it Grogrosperegrospenespene it11 ni o buichqaichquich ltit tt11 Sow ittt 11 hawk 11 arapene itananterroan terten ro sowietteiette kaloshkanoshtkanosh 3 biablablackck araleneArapene andanclanci sanpsanditchsanpitchSansaappitchitch 11818 since many of the indians will be mentioned in their connection with fort utah in future chapters only a brief resume of the lives of some of the principal chiefs villviliwillwiilwili be given now

17 0 B huntingtonhuntHantington diary of 0 B huntingtonhuntHont ington 1847- 1900190011 unpublished personal diary copy in brigham younsyoangyoung university library part II11 appp 500150510 511 18 george 7W bean autobiograaatobiographyautobiography ofC georkegeoreegeorge washing-oasngasn ton bean salt lake city utah compiled by flora bean homehorne printed by utah printing co 1945 PP 317319317 319 36 chief I1vaival7aleraierer one of the most notedrioted was born a boatboutabout 1815181 on the Spanishspanish lorkforkfonkyonk iverlverriverelvereiver at times he kaswasas friendly with the whites smoking the pipe of peace with the lomononnonormononmon leaders occasionally batbut hene was notoriousnotorioasiouslous in leading his roifolzolfollowersloers in stealingsteeling carapacampaignsigns undainaalnacind warar parties lie threatened to massacre the inhabitants of lortort utah of aichhichwhich more will be said later hene waswes the principal indian leader in the war in 1853 and 1841854 aichhichwhich was given his name when he died in 1851855 his body was placed in a grave with seven horses and two piede indian prisoners killed for the purposeporpose and one liedepledepiede boy buriedburledbarbur led alive lishisnisilisills parting message it is claimed was to live at peace with the vhwhitesites 19 talkerhalkerhaiker was succeeded by aradeneAra pene his brother this chief wasas an orator batbut a hard hearted savage in anger he burledbarnedburned his wife in a fearful manner with a frying pan handle crawling to a hitewhite settsetzsettlemersettlemiersettlementlemer t she was nursed back to health hen the whites refused to pay a high price for a piede boy prisoner on one occasion radenenadenelapene4rapenerapene took the child by the feet and dashed his brains oatout on the ground AraparagarapelesarapenelsarapenesArapenesagenesenels daughterdaughten dieddieu with measles A council was held as to hetherwhether to kill one of the white men camped with them or a piede prisoner finally two warriors marched the iedeledebedeliedebiedeblede

19 gottfredson 2zazop cit appp 317319317 319 37 about foarfour rods from the wigwamiwigwamss it kvaswas a litifpitifpitifulu1ua sight for he knew his fate both shot the poor fellonfellow died in anguish and was buried with the sirlsirigirigirl this chief like his brother later in life made some peace parleys with the whiwhiteste s 20 tabby another brother of sikeralkernalkerwaikerwalkervJ much more peaceful than his brothers is remembered best as the chief daringdarlngduring the time the utes erewere transferred from central utah to the uintah reservation although being sympathetic with his tribesmen durineduring the indian tr cablescublestroubles of the 186os1860 he did try to maintain peace vithwith the fliitesnhitesfleiteswhites 212 lanoshbanoshjanosh born in 1821 and died in 1884 was only an occasional visitor in utah valley batbut known throughout utah as a peacemaker riisnilsis last ifealfewife aaswasas sally an indian girl raised in brigham YouyounelsyoangyoungyounessnEls home juhe1 e vaswas one of the most civilized of the indian chiefs constantly urging friendly relations withveith the whites 22 blackhawk after whom the war aaringdaringduring 1865681865 68 was called was probably as ruthlessnathlessrathnathnuthless and notoriousnotor loasioaslous as any of the

20 ibid appp 319320319 320 21 kate B carter deartphrobsleartbeart throbs of the westviest salt lake city utah daughtersdau htersaters of the utah pioneers 1939 volume I1 appp 939693 96 22 ibid appp 9110191 101 38 chiefs who visited utah valley the law of the whiteman vaswas not his especially aaringdaringduring war when he stirred up strife and hatred amonsamong the indians until his name viaswasyias known for cruelty and terror throughout the sestjestest aseagede ohswhsas seriously wounded in the battle of gravely ford and died as a result in 1869 or 1870 before death knainknoinknknowingolnoin it was inevitable he traveled up and down the territory wherever he had wronged people trying to make peace in order to meet the great spirit 23 perhaps no other chief is remembered norenonemoremone for his friendliness to the white people of utah valley than sowietteSowiette while the 11orraonscormonsmormons were eatententeringering utah it is claimed sowietteSow iette and 77alkervwalkervjalker were withith a large encampment of utes in spanish fork canyon at a council neidneldheldbeldbeid to determine their policy toward these refrefugeesutees sowietteSow iette pleaded for peace vithwith these

li people while I1 alerxx urged their extermination the older braves agreed tithalthaithwith sowietteSow iette while most of the young arrlarriorswarriorsarriors followed 7alkerbalkervalkerwalzwainwaln er who intimated that sowietteSow iette was a coward r a gave malkenmaiken11 a 24 therhefhe latter seized whidnhipwhip aldaadand C ave alkerfalker severe rioafloggingc1ca ing in 1866 brigham youneyoung sent dimick B jliantington1buntinluntinLuntin ton alone to the uintah reservation to plead with blackhawk for peace arriving at the indian headquarters aandad finding the

23 ibid appp 8890889088 90 2124 ibid p 101 39 chief not there he delivered his laessaladessamessagee batbut to no avail A threatening nobmob gathered around hiahla chief oanpitcissanpitchs squaw learnleannlearninginFing jastjust then that her husband had been killed by the whites in battle shouted kill the iormonliormoncormonLii ormononmon ll11 huntingilant ington cocked his pistols and waited finally sowietteSow iette old and blind entered the circle and said you are like coyotes gathered around a sheep ready to eat it this is a brave man sent from lirilinibrighamgnangnam foungyoungoung wanting peace lie1lielleile1eae is your friend tt the indians slunk off and huntington got avayaway as quickly as possible 25 regarding the utah valley indians the L D dS manuscript history of provo relates the pioneers found about 100 families of timpanogosTimpanogos or river utes under chiefs little chierchiefchiefschiefechiere and 110stick 11 ticetick in the head rt the latter nardenadaenamenarae was given that particular chief from the fact that he alaysalways wore a stick of mountain mahogany done up in his hair zacheachach of the streams in utah valleygalleyvailey were occupied as the home of a separate band of indians under their respective chiefs whose names were applied to their several bands of indians and to the streams on whose banks they madeinadeanade their homes the great chief walker the head of the ute lationnationatlati n and his band lived in and about the uintah valley 2926

25 related to A libi urdockundockiviurdocklviurdocxivlIvi heberlaeber utah cited in ibid appp 102103102 103 26 history of provo unpublished manuscript history of provo compiled under the direction of the ijdsijasU DS church storiannistoriandistoriannididistomian on file in the church nistAistriistoriasaistorianshistoriansoriansorlans office saltsaitdaitdalt lake city utah 1849 CCHAPTERhaiHAP TER V

iohiol J ectloratiolextlgtioi 0OZ utri VALLEY

I1 explorations daringduringduning 11847 on july 24 1847 afafterter a courageous march across the plains the first 1viormormormon pioneer company arrived in salt lake valley with a keen interest to explore the country which they had chosen to make their homes and the constant urge to prepare for those latter day saints who were yet to come the mormon leaders ediatelymediatelyimmediatelyediaedla tely set oatout to make a reconnaissance of the surrounding area an exploring party left the pioneer camp on july 272 even before the site of the great salt lake citywascityolty was laid out they traveled west it was while on this trip that orsonor son pratt looking southward from a point on oquirrh mountain on july 28 1847 sasaasavsawv the utah lake and valley Asis far as is known he was the first latter day saint to see this lake and valley uotingdotingquoting his journal under this date he says 1tt I ventwent upon a rise of ground about 3 miles south of where our coracompanypalydalypany stopped and I1 could see utah lake which appeared to be nearly 20 miles distant to the south apparently he was able to recognize it as utah lake by

1 orson frattpratt orson prattspratespratos journal tt july 28 1847 printed in part in the millennial star liverpool england july 15 1850 41

a 71mormon reason of thorough study of this reregionnegionD iollolion by the lormonkormon leaders before coming west about a eeeeekweek later jesse C little led a scoutingscooting party into utah valley returning to C alt lake city august 5 helieide reported that there viasvieswas a filefinef lneine country east of utah lake the soil being vellveliveilwellweliweil adapted for cultivation 2 this virtually confirmed the reports made by calanteescalanteSs and fremont quoted earlier in this thesis on august 12 1847 albert carrington with two others started for utah lake taking with them a boat on wheels proceeding to the top of the saddle which dividedivides utah and salt lake valleys they viewed the beautiful utah valley with its freshwater lake on the west and skirted by a fertile tract of land on the east after gazing aponupon that scene the explorers descended into the canyon of the utah outlet jordan liarrowsnarrowsli arrows and launched their boat cacarringtonrr inetingt on piloted it down the river while one of his companions drove the horseshonseslaorihoribor ses 3 in iovembernovember 1847 jefferson hunt a captain in the mormon battalion left with eighteeneighteenmennenmen for los angeles with

2 orson F sitneywitneymitneywhitney hustbusthistory of utah salt lake city utah george i cannon and sons co publishers 18921892. volume 1 p 348 3 provo pioneer mormon Ccityolty compiled by the writers program works projects administration portland oregon binsfordBinsbainsfordford and mart 19421942. appp 373937 39 42 seed and cattle traveling over the southern route which brought them through utah valley 4 daringduring december 1847 following the planting of his wheat and rye larleyearleyparley P pratt led an expedition through utah valley and adjacent valleys in his a biographyatoatobiographyutoautobiography he records some time in december having finishedfinishedfinished sowing wheat and rye I1 started in company with a brother higbeenigbee and others for utah lake with a boat and fish net we traveled some thirty miles without boat etc on an ox wagon while some of us rode on horseback this distance brought asus to the foot of utah lake a beautiful sheet of fresh watera terten some thirty ssixix miles long by ffifteenif teen broad here we la cinchercinchedlaunched our boat and tried the net being probably the first boat and net ever used on this sheet of water in modern times wee sailed up and down the lake on its western side for many miles batbut had only poor success in fishing we however caught a few samples of mouxmoummountaintain trout and other fish after exploring the lake and the valley for a day or two the company returned home and a brother summers and myself struck westward from the foot of the lake on horseback on an exploring tour on this tour we discovered and partly explored cedar valley rootorelleforelletooellefooelleFooelleeile Valleyaileyvalleyvailey came to the southern extreme of great aitaltlait lake and dasspassdassinepassinfpassinedassingpassinginelneinF around arrived in salt lake cityolty having devoted nearly one week to our fishing hultinehuntinehultinghunting exploring expeditionexpeditionsexpedition55

activities Jin uthutah valvaidaileygalleydaliey during 1848 and the earldearly part of 11849 erecting houses planting crops building roads

4 lft historyliiilistory of prove ukasuvasiksavsivs cit 1847 5 parley P pratt autobiograautobiographyP of parley P pratt chicago published for pratt bros by law eingking and law 18018888 appp 401403401 403 43 etc kept the settlers in salt lakeake valley durinsduring 1848 too busy to make any definite plans toward colonizing utah valley brigham younyoung and other lormonormon leaders wereere absent part of the time going back to wilterwinter cartersquarters iebraskalebraska and other points in the sentralcentraldentralgentral states however frequent visits were madeblade by pioneers to utah valley in search of grazing lailaalandsrids and to trade with the indians one of these alexenderalexanderalexaiider slisiidilwilliamslialas soon after lishisils arrival in altsallsalosaioait lake city in 1848 withwitlawitia his son thomas 60 went south into utah valley to trade aithalthvithwith the indians on the banks of the provo itiver returning to salt lake he asked president young1youngsyounga s permission to return and colonize on the provo riverkiver 6 on january 6 1849 the LDS church presidency selected amasa 11 lyman orrin PF rockwell george D grant jedediahTedepedediah hi grant david ullmerullmenbullmeryullmeryullmerilmer john S ullmerfullmerJT lewis robinson dimick 3 huntington villiamwilliam crosby and george U boyd in salt lake city to go to utah valley to learn its capabilities for a stock range and that when the cattle went forty or fifty men should go withyilth them at the same time isaacffisaac 1-LI1 Ilighigbeebee john S higbee and villiam nadsworthwadsworthyfedsworth were to constitute a committee to seek out suitable fishing places in the utah lake establish fisheries and supply the

60 lipsylipsyjipsy jane iilliamswilliams 11 autobiography of epsyapsy jane iilliamswilliams pace ununpublishedp ublishedblushed record dictated to lucy V pace original ilin possession of lrsars sidney pace orem utah p 1 y-

44 market 117tt 7 emaamamasas a lyzanlymallymanaar retreturnedurledarned tottofcotco aitdaltdaitaltzalt lake ityolty januaryJandaryanuary 12 and advised residentpresident loangkoung against taking cattlecattieca ttieatie to utah valley at that tinetime evidentlyZvi dently dradrawingvirigdirig tulstuis conclusion from the thieving inclination of the indian inhabitants of that valley 9

president toungyoung 11however vas not discdiscouragedoura oedced oe ththee parent colony novnow numbered a boatboutabout 5000ooo000 souls 10 and it was sufficiently replenished by liaigrationmigrationimmigration to sustain his colonization plan daringduring the early part of ebraebrabryebrubrybry 1849 0 1 llantilant

rard IV inzingtonins V on accicaaccompaniedaccocadanied by derleyderneybarneydarlney ardtard alaandmiawidmidana joseph lathersratherskathersa thews as referred to in the previous chapter uhliewhile traveling through

V c UO the utah alley 0givesivescives an eniiliteiinsenlightening description 141 actingt from his journaljouriialjcarnalurnal he says 1vewe crossed tithelleile point of the mountain which sepalatesparatesseparates daltdaitsaltsaithalt lake frfronfrom lutaheutahdutah valley learriearbiearnear here the atahutaheutahii outlet or ilverrdveradverjiver ordalordanjordaljordani passes through the mountain adichwhich separates the totaotwo valleys herenere uethe snow tnoaghtraough illlilligatligntLA rendered itiicc difficult of ascelescelasceesce daingdingaiglig and desceldescendingdinadingdin6 in the latahiutahlutahnatahcutahbutah valley ve fouadrounddoand it the sablesabiesanesame as in the aitaltsaltsait lake11ake valleygalleydalieydaileydalley at the llortnorthh andaridarldana considerable srioarioslov aliaaela atut the south end nolenone at silaliail11 151 miles froafromdromaroa crossing the point of tletiietiletlle mountain brought asus to mericaamericani areekureek or ork as some call it eiemptyingaptyindinF into the utahdutahbutahatah6utah lake

7 L jD S journal istoryiiistoryiiilallaiastoryi story 2papop cit january 6 1849 0 8 12 16491849 dbidibid jaluaryjanaaryjanavry 9 ibid ebraebraaryebruaryfebruaryary 27 1849 arch 6 1849

11 10 L edward 7 talitulituiltuiitullidgeidge listortlilistoryiistorystory o101oaof rovo tutuitultallidgeTaltalledgeidaeidgelidge uaaarterlyaarr terteristerly aafaaaa azileazine 3233 july 18841384 45 at this time there was a family who had started for oregon or california their team had failed too much henwhen they arrived in laitzalt lake valley late in the fall to proceed farther that season they with a few llormons11ormonsLlornonsmons who had a large herd of cattle and a mountaineer who was part indian and part spaniard and could talk either language better than english had come here to winter the owners of the cattle for the sake of the excellent feed and larParlarbParbparbleaaparbleauleaaleaubleau the spaniard and indian mountaineer for the sake of trading with the natives the few hitewhite men that are in that country carry on a great trade anongamong the natives of such articles as guns ammunition knives arrowpointsarrowpoints belts blankets tin and sheet iron kettles cups and cans paints beads and various other articles suiting the indian taste we leftt them then and went on 18 miles and crossed provo riverlef the bottom lands of which are covered with large cottonwood boxelderboxelder ash oak and maple five or six miles from there south we came to a small creek which had no name until we stayed there over night and I1 lost a pair of iron hobbles used for fastening the ffore-ore feet of horses together we called it hobble creek and it afterwards went by that nameneme ten miles the next day brought us to an indian village at the extreme south end of the eutah valley 11

skirmish ataj battle creek although not directly invol- ved withveith the exploration of utah valley and the founding of fort utah a description of the skirmish withith the indians at battle creek during the early part of larchharchkarchmarch 1849 should help to advance the general themetheide of this paper on february 27 of that year a report reached salt lake city that some renegade indians from utah valley had stolen fourteen horses franfrom orrsorr herd and several cattle

11 0 B untingtonhuntingtonnuntingtonnunt ington paop cit part II11 appp 484948 49 46 from thoeletooele valley and had taken thenthem to utah valley 12 on march 1 an expedition ol01of thirty five men under colonel john scott left 3altaitsaltgaitgalt lake city with orders to take such measures as woaldwould patput a final end to depredations in the ffuture 13 theme company proceeded to utah valley traveling in wind and snow where they met little chief and his band of timpanogosTimpanogos utes near the mouthmonth of the provo river the purpose of the expedition was explained to little chief whowilowiko volunteered the service of his sons tobo direct the whites mele claimed they11they should be killed for they deserved this punishment according to their ovinownoven indian law 14 the troops traveled up the provo riverhiver aaringdaringduring the night to the mouthmonth of proveprovo canyon then west where the scouts located the indian camp bjb their firesfiresfides on the small stream15streanstream15 later called battle creek today this area is knonknown as pleasant grove at dawn llarch 5 colonel scott divided his company into foarfourroarrour groups headed by hosea stoatstout alexanderAlexa lderader williams judson stoddard and dimick B huntinftonhattingtonhunthantingtonHantington withith orders to

12 L D S journal historyiiiriirilstory op cit january 27 1849 13 hosea stoatstout hoseahoseehosea stoatstoutstouts journalJoarnalurnal unpublished journaljoarnalurnal copy in brigham yoangyoung university library provo utah volume 4 P 83 141 john brown aatobioraphy4utobio Qra phy of pioneer john brown salt lake city utah publishedPablished by his son john Z brownrrown printed by elevens and Iallisiallisballis inc 1941 p 103

15 11 ls111.1stoatstoutcutout 2papop ccitit appp 849184 91 47 surround the indians 16 the redskinsredskins awoke to action and attempted to escape in several directions batbut found themselves besieged on all sides laterlaten it aaswasas learned that this predatory band of indians consisted of totwo lodges under kone and blue shirt numbering in all a boatboutabout seveasevenseventeenteen which included four backsbucks 17 an effort was made to get the offenders to give themselves apup batbut they sullenlysalsuisullenly refusedrefasedused then they 1verewere told by the interpretersinterpretors to send their squadssqaawssquaws and papoosespapo oses oatout batbut still there was no response finally arrows bebeanan to fly these hereweregere answered by gansguns 0 B I1luntluntingtonrianthuntingtonriantingtonhiant ington writes oarouroanoun orders were every man take care of himself and as many of the enemy as we coaldcoaidcould ie to fight the enemy in their own way ve were a long time firing scalstalkingscalkingsculkingeingking in the bllhllookingbrashbrush looking peaking and trying to get a shot ve knew nothing of hohoahow many there was batbut from their crying howlinhowling19 and arningurningmourningmo and loadloud talk supposedsapsupposed there was 15 or 20 10 hosea stout relates in a fefew moments one of the indians was killed and several woundedwo anaedanded they soon took shelter in the creek which had perpendicular banks a boatboutabout 4 feet high thickly set withith willows which so completely shielded them that we coaldcoaidcould not see them only ahenwhenanenhen they apup to shoot len raised i1 asus liewe were a boatboutabout totwo hours engaged with them

1616ibidibid appp 929392 93 irparp lrp17 2 gottfredson op cit p 19 181 0 313 huntingtonhuntHontington 2papop cit p 544

19 11 stoatstout op 1 cit p 94 48 the four backsbucks were killed and the battle ended the squatssquaassqaaws and papoosespapooses having surrendered in the meantime ionelonenone of the whites were injured fifteen beef hides some 20 of which vierewere recognized were found in the 1adianndianindian camp stoatstout continuescontilaesluesnaes we noinovnow returnedretarned to oarour camp where wee f aundoundfound little chief and several indians helielleile said vewe had done right althoughaltaithoaghhough he felt like he coaldcould cry when he sasaw whawhewhatlaa bad end these men had come to by their dishonesty 21 huntingtonhuntHont ington hohowevervever gives a different picture of little chiefs feelings llelieileai1i e records the volleys of oarour gansguns rolled down the mountainnoannounmoantain side and lighted on ears and seemed to him little chiefsohlersuhlers 1 ilelle with all the horrors of his own death riellklellknellkneilk lielleile1.1 ie thought oh my countrycoantrym&nienlenian fr those once of his own band are now being hewed dordondowldown by the magic white lenienuen tisfisis heart was filled with pity althoughaltaithoaghhough batbut a few hours previously he had signed their death warrant by sending his men to aulaeauldegaideguldeguide asus the old man howled cried moaned holhoihollowedlovied screamed and smote hiss breast heae blamed himself and cursed the whitesvhites 22i the company returnedret arned to their homes on thetiletlle sixth of 232 liililIviarchanchinarch the squadssquawssy aaasaaws and papoosespapooses of the slain were taken to salt lake city and after being fed were allowed to go to their friends amoneamong the other indians 24

20 L D S journal history op cit liarchdiarchi4larch 6 1849 21 ajH1j stoatstout op cit p 97 22 0 B hunthantingtonhluitingtonhanningtonHant ington 2rarop cit p 55 223 1 j op I1if stoatstout cit y p 98 24 P gottfredsonGrottfredson op cit pep 19 49

apparently the campaign was a success but the I-LDSJ DS church authorities it seems did not altogether approve

A regardingreo ardin this situation orson F I1 litneyiiitneyalitney concludes no doubt they the church authorities regretted the necessity for a military expedition against the savages and deplored the fatalities atteattendinglading it not only from humanitarian cconsiderationsonsideratonsiderat lonsions but fearing probably that it ouldouidwould precipitate a general varwar and unify all the savage bands colonel scott fell under some censure at the time and because of it diglineddigdeclinedlined to take part in succeeding indian campaignsdif5

some reasons for the foundifoundsfounding of fort utah since the narrative has now auproachedapproachedpreachedproached the eve of the founding of fort utah and the subsequent colonization of otner parts of utah valley it is appropriate by means of a stimasummaryiarylary to list some of the reasons which led to its establishment the major cause which has been emphasized throughout this chapter riasviaswas to launch the general colonization plan of the INmormon president brigham young and his associate leaders being practical men they were keenly aware of the point made in the second chapter of this thesis that soiltfsoil climate water supply and accessibilityaccessabilityaccessability would be the principal determining factors in the success of a colony established in utah valley 26 this vaswas the major objective

25 0 F Vhitneylitney 9 cit appp 423424423 424 2260 cf ante p 4 50 of both the officially called and unofficial expeditions into this valley darlngdaringduring 154716471847 48 49 thetiietite reports brought back to the parent colony t zaitzalt lake ity as a whole were very encouragiencourageencouragingng the timpanogosTimpanogos or rovorrrovoarrovo river and other tributariestributaries to the utah lake presented an excellent water supply for culinary purposes irrigation powerpoevpovv er for industry etc thefherhe ilverlivertiverdiver and lake in 1847491847 49 edeedgwerewergere vellveliwell stocked with trout and other edible fish 27 the explorers found a heavy groathgrowth of large cottonicottonwoodvood boxelderbox elder ash oak aadanda ad maple growing on the river bottom un many of the surrounding foothills there was a good growth of juniper called cedarceder by the settlers while farther up on the mountain side and in the canyons there were generous quantities of pine spruce and fur on the valley floor in the canyons and on the hillhillsidessides there was an abundance of grass for livestock raising bunch grass being especially rank of course great fields of high sage brush had to be cleaned but this it is claimed is a sign of fertile soil utah valley therefore appeared as one of the choicest spots in the lnteraountaininterinountain vest

2rar 27 lijr bean op cit p 51 fort utah at its first liteateotezite 1390ibo1391849 5cac0 interior vievkiev from dradraniriodrabingdrauingNirio in st3rsstarsotansburysbury Is vdlluyivalleyovalley ofor the reutrejtbrejtt elteitdaaltit lahelokelobe

dr 4tat

w mommog

impamsamp ddn asesaseeJMMK

180189 5cac extelexteinextei from fort utilutchutah ctat its first site exteiirjreatir dra niinilmiiarillril in 3t3isturys3tjnslliry1 s velleyveileyvalley of the reatareat olt LJClokelohe CCHAPTERHA 1111 IL11 R VVII1

.1 jj tietiietiletlletim fourFOUTfoutjjfoundilgr1 11gilg OF fohtFOKT UTAH

preparation in saltsait lake Ccityolty it1tat was now time to put into effect the iiormonlaormon colonization plan in utah valley att a council meeting of leading charchchurch authorities held at the home of heber C kimball march 10 1849 with president brigham young presiding it aasaesweswas voted unanimously that a colony of thirty men settle in utah valley this spring for the purpose of farming and fishing and of instructing the Indiaindiansindiarjrj in cultivating the earth and of teaching them civilization the folfoifollovingfollowingloving names erewere suggested darlnedurinedaringduring this meeting as a nucleus for the colony john j igbeebigbeeliigbee11 illiam adsworthadsaldsworthvadsvvorthworth dimick 13 ihalthulthanthuntingtonington camueloamael6amuel wingeiaingeibing

peter AV conover sometimes spelled kownovercownoverd noverownoverow alexanderelexander Villiamsilliams houghton corconoverover and john cottscott 1 earingcaringeuringurinaaringuringurinalnaing the next fefew days the charchchurch officials carefully selected a number of other trusted men most of whom had families and added them to the original list in the evening of tuesdayTaesday arch 13 1849 the company intending to go to utah valley to settle met at president brigham youngsyoungs orfofforrofficeice to consult and receive in- structionsstr actions mentytwenty nine persons agreed to go faringdarlngduring this

1 udsuddLDS journal history op citc it Llarch 10 1849 53 meeting john S higbee was selected as president of the company isaac higbee his brother was appointed as first 2 counselor and dimick B huntington as second on wednesday larciakarelamarela 14 1849 president young with his c ounselorcounselorcounselorounselorselon heber 0 iirnballiiimbail and other leaders spent the day at his office counseling with regard to utah valley farming fencing etc 3 enthusiasm for the new colonization project apparently continued to grow durinadaringduringdaningduning the remainder of the week in a council held in great salt lake city saturday llarchmarchmanch 17

1849 the names of a company of thirty three who were Cgoing to settle in utah valley were read tat44 in the meantime wagons were being repaired teams were purchased hereaereaarewhere necessary and livestock was being rounded up ready to drive farm equipment was collected and seed secured some tents were made ready but in most cases the settlers lived in their covered wagons until houses were built when-when ever a trip of this order was made by the pioneers it took days to complete the details necessary and secure materials

2 history of otahutah stake unpublished history of utah stake compiled under the direction of the LDS church storianhistorianni on file at the church istorianshistoriansilistorlansorians office salt lake city utah march 13 1849 3 q LDSL D D journal history op cit march 14 1849

4 1 ithiathihistorys tory of utah stake 0op cicitt arohanoharch 17 1849 54 with which to establish a new cocommunityunity fifinallylally the wagons erewere loaded with food gunsguns ammunition the household and farm equipment and other necessary frontier articles the usual farewells were made blesbiesblessingssinEssings were bestowed and good wishes given these departures were eventful and exciting but seldom did those who remained behind discourage their rela tivesfives who were leaving if a pangpan of regret aaswasas had it in most cases was kept concealed such missions as these were considered by the llormonb1ormon pioneers as calls through divine ilsinspirationspirationinspirationpi ration received by their leaders some of these early church members were called to help colonize a number of new communities afteraften being at one place a few monthsmoriths or a ferfeafefewA years theywoaldthey woaldwould be askedas lcedaced by thetae authorities to leave everything they had carved out of grim nature aithalthwith their bare hands selling in many cases at a great loss and go help establish a neleaneanew settsettlemeisettlementlemeiit there vaswaspas no mail system andaad the teleotelegraphraph telelitedelitelephoneioleloleione and railroad did not arrive in ththee mestfestvestwest until yersyears after messages and occasionally a letter were sent at irregular intervals by men on horsebacknor seback or covered wagon companies this vaswas the experience of the fort utah fission1issionllissionblisLlis1 sionslon

trintrtrip to the tiapanogostimpanogosTimpano rosmosgos or provo river jabout linchblancia 29 1849 the company led by johnjonn S iLigllisiligbeeliigbeeT bee left salt lalelaie 55 city for the timpanogos2impanogosTimpanogos or proveprovo river the exact location of the route used cannot be definitely ascertained batbut since there had been somes ome travel south through the utah valley even sonesemesome wagons had lonegone through prior to this time it can be accurately assumed that the pioneers followed a fairly well outlined trail in allailali probability the party traveled south through the salt lake valley and crossed the low saddle at the point of the mountain approximately where iiighvayiighwayhighway 91 is located entering utah valley it proceeded on in a southeasterly direction domesome rode horseback guarding against hostile indians and driving loose livestock wlliewhile others drove teaiastexiasteaiiis of oxen and malesmaiesmules traveling wasas slowsiowsloin Ass they advanced no doubt certain sections of road had to be bulitbuilt or repaired it took three days to reach their destination 5 there is some discrepancy as to how many nadelaademadenaae the origitoriginoriginalrialhialplai trip by those who have rittenwritten on the history of proveprovo J 11 jensen states 11 sonesome thirty families numbering 150 souls set dutoatout under higbee 60 tultuitallidgetullidgetalledgeTalilagelidge makes a similar statement 7

5 a vi tultuitallidgetullidgetalledgeTallidge pkop ccitit p 234 6 0 ct hLI jensen op c it p 33 7 JL AV tullidgetuitulTalilagelidge op cit p 233 56

the book provo pioneer 1iormonllormoncormon citysityejityy11 states onlyitonlyitoney six families accompanied the original party 1 iono Q source materialnatmat erial is bivengiveng iven howeverhoahox ever for this statement 9 george VN bean one of the charter members of the dortfort utah pediti3nexpeditionx on the other hand records thereIherethere verewere thirty men in oarour party batbut no fumiliesfamilies were in the group later lain his jouriialj carnal he adds in 1layilayalay of this year of 1849 the settlers brought their iamitiesramiiiesramifies to the bortzortyorttj ort because hiahhigh water in streams ouldwealdwoaldwould nakemakelake it impossible lalaterter ttloatlo10 peter vaWv1 coneverconover another member of the original band relates ftheatheaheihe boys and I1 builtdulitbulit a hoasehouse then went back and got all the family TT 11

johnjojin 1 D ooth in his history of the provo fourthyourth

1 sardilardjard after tellintellingC of the arrival of the orlorioriginalCcinal1 party concludesconc ladesludes with the statement families arrived about two

1 ieekseeksbeeks later 12

9Q 7 proveprovo pioneer lormon Coitsoltscity op cit p 454

10 G W opO p 46 bean P0 cit 11 peter 7J conover ff biographicalffbiographical sketch of the life of peter wilson conover rf unpublished journal dictated by arsLIX S him to daisy conover lelly originalC in possession of lrslizirs don 77V conover provo utah p 8

12 11 john iiii booth A pistorystoryiiiistory of the proveprovo fourthdearthdourth vard ll unpublished manuscriptmanascript history copy in brigham yoangyoung university library proveprovo utah p 1 57 these last three contentions vlaichvvaichwhichvvaichaleh seem to bhethebhe riterwriter to be nonemoremone accurate are supported by the ffollowingolloolio0110 ving paragraph appearinga P pearlpeari naY in thebheohe generalLreurelerallenalneral distiedistlepistleepistle1.1 i sent oatout by the ldbld6lab charchchurch authorities dated april 9 1849 about thirty of theohe brethren have recently goleconegonefolecolec oleone to utah valley about 60 miles south to establish a snallsnallsnailsmallnail colony for agricultural purposespurpo-ses and fifisfishiraefisningfieningningshiraE hoping thereby to lessellessenlessell the call fforor beef aichbichhichwhich at the present time is ratherruthernather scarce at anon average of seven to eightzhtaht cents per pound batbut aliiaillakilwill ludroveimprove with vevegetationelationetation j the above quotation is also valuvaluableubleubie in giving one an inslinsiinsightht as to the purpose of the lortbortiortfortzortyort utah exexpeditionedition by the end of arch the company had advanced vellveliveilwellweliweil into utah valley quoting bean again he says on archanchlarchlanchL 31st we camped ten miles north of the river ford i14 the next day on april 1 1849 the company arrived at the timpanogostinipanogosTimpano gos or frovobrovo river about two miles before reaching the riverrivenreiver they were met by a young ute lidianindian named ang atewats red child dashingidashing forward at a fast speed throw- ing his arms and performperforminginS all sorts of wild gesticgesticulationsuiaula tionseions he stopped within a boatboutabout six rods of the lead tebrateamteara andanu according to Ggr ivvnr bean ifjujumpedjompedadeaaped from his horse threw his buffalo robe across the path and warned them riotnot to pass that designated point trl515

13 op c 9 oldsLDS journal historylilrilrii storystony citeiteltit april P 1849 14i24gr q bealdealbeanbe a ii op cit p 46 1515locloc cit 58 slotheralotheranother membermamber of the ort utah missionfaission writing anonymously of this incident in an article titledentitledea pioneer days and indians dated iovemberozemberovemberiovember11 ovember 1 1894 and dublidubiluublishedpablipablishedpublishedshed in

the daily enquirer a provo nevisnevesnewspaperpaper of 1ovembernovemberozemberovember 29 1894 describes it as follows lostL ost of provo citizens have seen an old indian named angatowats red child deileklekie is still living and plodding about in his second childhood probably lie1he1eae met asus at the place above named flying on horseback swift aass the wind batbut single handed and alone apparently ne sstoppedt opp ed short aboutaooat three rods in front of the lead teanteunteam of the company and got off and made a idarkmarkmerkderk with his foot across the trail and then solemnly forbade us frolfronfromii crossing that mark saying as near as wee coaldcoaidcould uldeundeunderstandstandanderunderL that death and destruction woaldwould be oarour portion if we attempted it helieileide dradepradepromenadespromenadedladed back and forth on horseback for some tiitiltimeae shoutingshooting and threatening in a most violent and savage manner evidently this being his first atteattemptapt at achieving notoriety as a varwar cniefchiefciiief as he was not more than ib16 or I171 years of aeeagegeegge at the time other yoangyoung felloesfellows joined hilihillhlllhim and vewe hadquitehad quite a tinetime beingueing hindered two or three hours lb therhe indians it seemed had some idea of the intention of the 1ioneerspioneerspioneers to naenakemaemakenaae a settlement at the timpanogosTimpanogos river and this yoanyoun brave had volunteered to stop theiathelathem until an understanding coaldcoulacould be reached

dimick 0o huntingtonilant instonington the interpreter stepped forward and talked to the yoangyoung indian for considerable time attempting to show him that the settlers and the indians might try living together and that the uniteswaiteswaltesvanites lulaluiawaldwoulawould be friends of the redmen and ouldouidwould help them henevercheneverviheneveriai& possible hunthuntingtonHantington was

16 feature story in the dadaily noairerenouirernoenquireraireralrenairen provoproveprovo utah iovembernovember 29 1894 59 then made to raise his right hand and swear by the sun that the white peopeopleplealepiepig ouldouidwould not drive the indians away or take from them any of their rights 17 G NW 10beanean continues his story of this event huntington told duroarour good desires and intentions and that president youneyoung the great kormonmormonormononmon chief had sent asus and that wevve ouldouidwould like to be too ege tik a booboellbooll good friends with the natives and do them much good if allowed to settle withith them ihe2heahe little brave dashed off to report to the tribe and we slowly moved on 1resentlyrecentlypresently a large party met us with the tarlaraarvariar chief head and viewe stopped and at 1 talked theirI all the matter 0oyeroyen19r eoalegalagaiagainn the party seemed satisfied and vewe moved on 10 the colonists then fordedcorded the riverriven about cherevherewhere the loerlower bridge is now located on the blestvlestest drive or lake view toadtoeddoad and camped on the south side in whctvihetpihet wasQs later alonklonknonknown as the old fort leidbeidieidfield if the present streets of proveL rovo extended west the crossing ouldouidwould be about where third iorthkorthborth and neltytwenty first vest streets intersect john clark in his journal says ahenvhenwhen we came to the croscrossingsinseinseing my team being so easily managed colonel donoverconover asked me to drive in head which I1 did leading the first 1qaq company across provo river 197

17 E V tullidge cit p 234 18 gr W bean op cit p 47 19 john clarolanoianclark john olareclarkclarksolares journal unpublished journal dictated to clara C henrie his daughter codycopy in L provo p 3 possession of lesdeslidsI1 clara u heindselman utah 60 when wasgas fort utah settled this has been a paramount question for a number of years while orkingwording on this prob- lem the writer has referred to numerousnonenunenome roasnoasnous books pioneer journals diaries records and monumentsauonaunonaments pertaining to the subject likewise several well inforanforinformedaed people have been personally consulted among whom are sosonesomeie of the members of the staff of the LDS church historians office the presidents of the droveproveprovo units of the sonsconsoonsmons and daughters of the utah pioneers

7 the secretary of the utah illl111.1istoricalhistoricaliiistorical society J ii jensen and other provo historiansnistdist oriansorlans the dates suggested vary from early in larchlanchinarch to prilpriiiprilapril 1 1849 some admit they do not know for sure thefhe writer therefore approaches this subject with an open mindyminamind and altaitalthoughhoushboushhoagh a concconclusionlasion will be drawn he admits that this may not be the filalilaiinalfinalfinai ondordwordwond Ei V Tullidtullid6tultuitallidgetalledgeTallidge6e relates fearlyearly in larchbarchiarch 1849 the first colony seltselosentsencsenu south of great salt lake county set oat 20 anderunderandenunden john 3 higbee to found provo city 0 51 ilitneyvftiitney writes john 3 higbee stat the head of boatboutabout thirty families set oatout fronfroiafrolafrom saitsalt lake city early in 11archllarch 1849 to f aundoundfound a settlement on droveproveprovo river t121ty21

20 E v7va1 I tullidgetuitulTallidge 2eae cit p 233 21 0 li 71hitney odop cit volane 1 p 399 61 J ivilyliyl jensen states after three days travel they the settlers arrived at the provo1 rovo rilverdaveneaven a boatboutabout areiaancialanciaiarcaarea 12 22 1849 this is the date placed on the monument near theU he first site of ontort utah in the old xortrortcort bieldcieldyield vestest of brovo erected by the daughterdaughters of the utah pioneers august 30 1937 it is also the date inscribed on the monument at the loiettesoiettebolette0owietteSo letteiette or orthoeth park in brovoprovo erected july 24 1941 by jeorgeUeorgegeoroegeorge 6.6 smith camp sons and laughtersdaughters of the utahotah 1ioneersxioneersclocioxiopioneersneers J E booth rlrecordscords it asQS lotnot until the latteriatterleitter part of ancharchllarchinarchleanch h D 1849 thitthat any settlesettiesettlementneatnentmeat for the cultivation of the soil and bliebilethebheie nisiingnialniSinissinginsing of pennanpermanencpermanpenmanpermanenceermarierccellelcenc homes vasvesas attempted on rovorrovoarrovor iveriiverilverdiverbiverlver 11232 xeorsecreorgegreorge 7.71 bean aasvas dhetheohe only member of the original colony of vvhomvyhoid the writer can finarindfinddind ththutt kept a day toLO day journal at tietle ttietlelellule other records such asao that of eterieterleteripeter conover john S nigbee john park and cohnjonnjohnconn clarolarolurclark altialthoughaltnoughaltiloughlough being iiiterestireincerescing and eiililhteriingenlignteningenlightening are itLenvritlenivritlerivr in later life or dictated to a daughter or granddaughter dean contends that on april ist 1849 J my eighteeneighteenthtn birthday vewev e moved j provo on to ithinathinwithin 2 2 miles of the Timpanotimpanogos1impanogosgos river R

22 J 1lu jensen op cit p 33 23 J E ooothboothrootn op cit p 1 62 when wee erewere netmet by a young indian bravebruve on horseback who threw his buffalo robe across oarouroanoun path and warned us notnob to pass that designated point 11242 referring again to the article entitled pioneer days and indians published in the daily inquirerenquirer iozemberovembernovember 27 1894 it states it aaswasas on the first day of 1april 1849 that triose venturesome pioneers toward the south camped on the timpanogosTimpanogos or provo river there were about thirty men and boys in the company at that time a little incident occurred which will serve to shoshow about what we had to meet from the savagesilliiilii referring to the antagawatsantagawatst incident 25 the author of this article is not definitely knownklownnown batbut from the personal pronoun weltwellwettwe it can be safely said that he ivaswas one of the original pioneers Toiyoiyovtowardard the end of tlethe article he enumerates those of the first concomcompanyganypany vilouno inereiverewere still alive at the time the article wasas vrwrittenitten anongamongmoianmoiag others he lists those who were then living in brovebrovoproveprovo as follows

john and joseph clark janesjamesaiiies A bealdealbeai6ealbean12 john id turner iathlathbath18th 1126 aniel lliamswilliamsVi andalid x-enrynenryi i ilsonllisonii1son the author of this article is almost sure to have been one of these nenmennuen george 777.7 lealbealleanbean wasas then livinsliving in levierlevienseviendevlen county and the writingvritin does not adgearappearapgear to be aishisals style

24 gr VV bearbean 0 c 11itt p 40 252 the daidaldailydaliydally enquirer op cit iovemberiovembernovember 272 1894 2620 loc cit 6303 the ljoajo journal illliiliistory1iistoryial story does not reveal the actual

1 date of departure from alt loedoedgee itycityV or ttneaneie arrival at the timpanogostimpanocrosTimpanososcrosgoscmos I1 proveprovo iversliverstiverlver 1ioeverboever0 v e ve-r by reqaotinsreqaoting an earlier citation itinin a council heneldneidheldheidad1d in reetreatthreatJ aitaltait alt laelake city baturjatursatur- day archlarchmarchi 171 1849 tneane names of a cocompdnycomponyipatyipany of thirty three tt27 vhoahono viereivereere rollefijineijin to settisettlesettiee iniiiiliill utah valley verewere rereadd it can be derdefdefinitelylilitelybitely concluded that the dorteortortoort utahlitah Aissionassionmission hadlladfladfiad lotnot left laitzaltbaitbalt ake city byoj that datebate lloin6rtllovin for thetae usual procedureprocedaredanedune of organization prejarationpreparationpreparation lorfor the trip etc it seems to the ariterwriter toLO be defini ccue proof ttaattnatanatdat priiprilapril 1 1849 the date siveniven by leandealoealdeanlealdeal and the anonymous kriterwritergriter as the date of arrival is the logical and more accurate date Ccon-on sequently since the journeyjounney took three days it naturally appears that the company left saltsaitdaltdaitjait lake city archliarchdiarch 29 the date sivengiveniven above for the departure

ijuiildin6 U i 1d of fortsortzortyort utah on its iirst1irstfirst site 1nanio0 dadaysy s ere spent in exploring the surrounding countrycou ntry and selecselectingtinoting the proper site for a foriodfodfortiorgforgG to be built it wvioss fifiliallyI1 iallybally decided to build onn the south side of the tlapanoctimpanocosTimpaTLapa noCnocosos or provo ilverliverriver the approximate location vas about taentytventytwenty rods southsouta of the iverlverjuver ford 286 forty rods north of centercenten streetotreetbitreet and

27 cfgf alteariteante p 53

2 3 7 Gr v beandean3 ea n op cit p 47 t-

64 292 twenty rods east of 1 est7estaest drive or tlethe lake view roadroddcodacoad this ouldouidwould be about a ailenileadieadlemilemlle and a naifnairnaid east of utah lake and about taotwo miles aestvestwest of the center of irovobrovo1rovo city today the spot chosen vaswas located on the banks of a small streaastreastreama fed by a sparkliisparklinsparkling6 spring this vaswas surrounded by the level valley floor near to tlethe itiveriziver inerewhere aterwater could

y 1.1 A easileasily be diverted for irrlirrigationtdationaaion iss described in a previous chapter these bottolibottom lailarlalaslanaslangsids ere rich ianvithitnkith dark fertile soil covered with an abundance of brass2rassnassgrassrass fforrorcoror livestock ionglongalong the river there vvhswas a heavy grogrowthth of cottonwoodcottonood and boxelderboxelder supplemented ith maple and oak while in the surrounding fountaimountaimountainsI1 ns there vasas a good supply of juniper and pine on april 3 thetiietile ffortort wasas laid out0outaout30 in a parallelogram running east and west ineretere again there is a variance of opinions among the historians and journals gegeoroegeorgeorc-e beabeann states it aaswasas about ten by twenty rods 31 tullidgesTullidullidgeges estimate was about 300 feet long by 10150 feet wide TI 322 hichvhichaich would be near to beans measurement ld3lda journal history

29 7 ikiivi op p J jensen a cit 1 34 30 ii 7.7 tullidge cit p 234

3 1 t-Ir CG 1V 0 dean op cit p 47

32 e0eaLI 1 I tullidge op cit p 234 65 describes it as about tvtwentyerity by thirty rods 1133 johnJ dunonnoun E booth said it covered a piece of groundround about 20 rodsnodsroasnoas by 40 rods 34 both13otl J L jenseijensen aaejanjnu the dooookbookok iifriierprovoovo pioneer Lornormoriornonlorraonnornonraon city agree ithaithalthwith booth there appears to be two possible answers to this difference of opinion first as mentioned in the introduc- tory chapter observers do not see tningst1lingstunings alike and memories have often beelbeen recorded Liperfectlyimperfectly tf05 isosisoalsoaiso the fact that each description wasas qualified oy the vordvoraord aboutabout seems to indicate that no one recorded the exact measurements at the time leconasecond there I1iss a possibility that those giving the smaller dimensions ere describing theune parallelogram of cabins chilevhile those vithwith the lar6elargeilaraelangeilarge i estimated areas were referring to the distance aroaroundund the fort covered by the stockade

0Oafter studying the records carefully and the pictures and the photostat of the draingsdrawings made at the time which are enclosed in this volume it seems logical to the ariterwriterwritee that twenty rods kidevidewide and forty rods long 3301 by 6601661 could be a fairly accurate estLestimatenatemate

333 L D 3 journal listortlistoryninistoryLiI1 story 9opL cit iviahaiayiviayajaykjay 10 1849 34 J ael booth op cit p 4 35 cfof ante p 2 66

1 coiisulted36 i eng I rne recordsrecoras consulted seem to beDC treioeieerelgeneerailybrailyra llyliy iniiiiliill accord viitaviitnith eachaacheacia ollerotlerother in descrdescribingdescar ibiiiibisi tiletiietlle erection of tiietllemetilg caciiisca dinsoins budundulio1

stocxbdes t ocieociaocle d e although tiiuretnereetnere are 8a fe1 evv minorillinor differencesuiU if er6aces ffour-D ur

1 L L teen foot stocodest3ciedestoolaecode1 iv itnianti utescites lelletletle east aidulaandunauiaura vest eideldendeld iabia8asS I1 1 built eldouLIroulirouildorojndiiiild tlethele ccredareccrecgredrearel os ijtectl n sjciib tlileunearieajie indijnindign de predcjise u t is lilis V-vajsvvjsVs accolaccoddacocaco oliaoata0111allksLIlisalikslistedlilisliedlied D aidin3taiidiiijdaidinjD boxelderbox eldereider idsloslogs oriorlon end almostdigest inln a solisolia 11 within tltneaneie stocstoc&deade log cabins lieretrerevereyere baillbuiltbulit side dyby side delit3plitdplit laniberlarabermaniber andalid dirt vicsS eeeerallyrally used for tietletle roofs

I by a lidowdidowdoadow on eacia liiliniinilistLD it vasds admitted to each cabin iidowvvindovii baceac end navindhaving iiollono110 lesslzlasslolasslass the settlers asedused coarse cloth as a su- stibstitutetute the doors facialfacinlfacing inward toward the lidaleaidalemiddle of thebhe fort verewere nadedadei of splits P itU lubberlumber or slabs cliecileI1 floorsI1 vere

I1 nademade of luncheonspuncheonspunche ons splits lit lo10 or heavybeavyI1 leavy slab nthwith face noothsmoothsi szsordeordeOrae of the cabins at first justjuet hadhud dirt floiiflooifloorss ah2hL hee ccvijacnijaa la neys ere builtbulit oilon tiletiietjie outside ith smallsmail rocks frofrolfroiaroiii tnetiaeliae river leidheldheid toLethertogether edthvdthith clay cilecrielnei- ne vacant places Leenueleenoetieenaeleenue ceen the cabins vere filledi i led ith piclpicipicketsets embedded close totogetherZZ etlerether ifonitilifcn allaliailan occasional spacespace left open to Pdermitpermiteri lletlethe colonists to pass catoatcutout to the stock- adadee cherezheredhereL nere vasgasv as a cattle corral attached to thesomtneast soutileast

36 w V1 LE w tuiTultulliaeralliralliaoetulliahilaeliaeaeeaoeuee 0op cit p 234 i bealean 22op citci t p 47 J E loothbooth 22op cit p 4 history of proved op 2 ic op 01 3 p 162 ilsims cit p Z5 carter cit 3 volvoiol J al jensentT elsenensen op cit p 343343534 353 provo lormonimormon pioneer city op 1 eitciteltc it p 45 67 corner of the stockade opening tobo the stream andalad a cuardguard housenouse erected ithinathinvishinvibhin the corral smaller private corrals erevere piecedpibcedlacealaclacealaced behind some ofor tletae cabins on a mound in ti-tneaneie center of tiietiletlle ort in custuustu6ust 1849

there vasv as erected a bastion or plapiaplatform abouttforia t11arthircytnircyCJ feet square and ten or tvtwelveeiveelve feet high A six pound cannon was mounted on the top of the platform liciahiclagicla commanded the sur 37 rounding country as a protection against indianindianl attacks 1uauL fi hunterhonter claims the bastion vasas ffifteenifteen ffeeteetbeet 38no high and the cannon vaswas a twelve polind model howeverJowever this is such a minor differdifferenceelceeleeeuce that a lengthy discussion is not justified since georeG eoregore leeldeelkeelbeelfeanbean helped to build the bastion and was later seriously injured by this samesarae cannon it seems to the writer that ealoealean is likely to be the noremoreL ore accurate theibe rortdortyort vaswas completed in about six eeksbeeksvveeks 397 but none too soon as indian hostilities vere shortly to develop in a letter aichnichhichwhich vill be referred to later jjrighami3righam loungyoung show- ed anxiety recreqregardingardinoarding the completion of the ort ctqt the earliest possible date

37 gr WV beabealbeanr op citjelteitcitaeityelty p 47047 3 8 0 LI nd hunter 13rihaml3rizham youneyoungyou the colonizer salt lake city utah the deseret ilevaslevvslevsyevs press 1940 p ta214214.t4

393 9 v E 11i L lidgeellidgeulullidge1 id e cit ID 234 688

the families2amiliesjjamilies r reiretre 3r3ulorouhtoro uht1 t to the 2ortjjortyortcort in iaykayaay Y 10184913494 9 as soon as theblebhehe ort was consbrnctedcoiisbructed in facttact sosomeae of the builbullbulibuildingsdinasdinaedinUs may not have leeioeei entirely completed thetae colonists 40 brobroughtuht their families to thebhe nevnew settlement thelue ffollow-ollow ing is a list riverieiveiielvell6iverielvela by 6.6 7 fulfullidgegullidge2ullidgekulkui lidges in his tizihistoryIiiistorylilistoryiiiistory of provo of those whomho coiacoidcoldcomposedasedosed the first colony

john 3 isaaclsaacesaac ulauiauldnanarlottenarlottebarlottenaruldarlottelotteiotte 1llannajti ltosephjoseph elaeiaennaenmaemma 11inervaanervaluiniwinervaiwinlwin erva andalidana sopniasophia liigbeeiadgbee tohnlohnjohn J cartercarter george day Jjohnohn artheartha errillierriliderrillI thonasthomas rgaretlargaretargarethargaretLai tesleysesleyjesley 0amuelemuelsamuel john lacaluca A and j-josephoseph Oaheeleneelereelenheeleroaeeler john jaliajullajuliajuila A chiiohiijohn jjrr and eilelidilelizabethza betlbeth blackblackburnla c k barlburlbarnburllburilburri DLlulicauliciulicilca r lot7lj 0tat CJ lalarjr and j 1 111 cokacova 11 clarina i-inntingtonluntinjston samuel alilamdlllianililamlliam adeline Y john J samuel jr and 4 ndersonanderson4nderson 6 diviluvivivifigilvvirigvivificvivifisfig james itR ilzalizaelizaellzaeilza jf C i lliamlilamiliambilliamyilliamYiI1 i11 iam 2 john J polly ann ellzaelizaeilzaeilzabethelizabethellzabethbeth joseph L 00. eliza isaac iai1 renjamindenjamin L lyrumlynumbyrum 0 ichardirchardidchard A A elizabeth and lucenda IL ivieivlelvke t lllianiallianiliani jaraljarai and i vie ll iancylancyaia c y iiw jayt3njaytondaytonxjayton roberouerobertt and jarsh igbertegbertijgbert sanaeisanuelsamaelsamuel re-ie T 7 becca luosejuosejossphjosephjoseghh ileyrileycileyz join 1iaryarylary Jjansjane ann ruaelrnaeldauelrn aeiaeluel bandn d lielilenllenhilelellen sibrslurVjabrltrklarkjibr ilasilcs arah 0 raillra a k 1 in E ulchristianuhristianuhlirist lanian R ristian1 IL ralin Lciidcaidgildiidlidild 2.2rfranlinrana nilnik 1linin L 6jrr eaver jaajadjailesjalleslesies lizailzalizajefcnbett-iI lieorleeorlreoreleeoree T ranlin aea Vjamescamesame s A and lidzaellzabethelizabetheilzabethbeth beaheanbean3ea n williamvill lelulelm argaretargaret

yW L pace illiamiaziamlam iai311 larveynarvey jonnjohn ri and parley P alex- iiiliiill kt ander isabella esyii psyapsy jane cliiitoncliintoncliiatoii athaniel u illiamwilliam rchibaldachibaldirchibaldarchibald aldand sethoethjeth williams john lucildalacindalucinda janejune illi aryi a i ardaiarian aandanand louiselonioelondoe park chaunceychaunohannChanncey lannahbannahiannahiiaiinali i iary T r ariai x yarner T Jjohnohn i arrietriarrietri t i jaliajuliajuiiajuila andund nenry tarnerturner n adiiddaidn d iaryarylaryi a ry ann ahoi2hoithomaoas jabez jaixtna and jabez Jjrr iiovvlandow 1 a nd georegeorggeorgegeorgg iaranetargaretararetar6aret ary and Oeanettejeanettegeanette coreygoreygorgy james B lizalizjelieaeliza ilzailzeliza j-jrr georoegeorge and arthaurthaiarthalanthaianthaiiarthaiibartha porter tholthomasisi8s catherine sabelleisabelie and ary Anilniii lrlarl orr ilbertgilbertG 1 q bannahaanuannahuanlahnah francis mos 1 williami illiii ia ibertalbertx 1bertlbert and caleb hasreisheishais ilaiterfalterraiter alid6lidliallalid 1caroline warleydarneyparney thonasthomasrhomas aldand larahzarahlanahcarah Vi L LL john illis eterieterpeter abram chatlcscharleschvrles icindalucinda j uranaranjaran and catherine connovercovnoverCovcovwnovercoy novernoven jamssjamescames leryleny1lcryacryeryaryeny and ellshaelishaklishabilsha croffgoff irerairerger sham C susaloasalsusanoasansuean john elizabeth and lilivlivi alindaelindaelinda jumesjunes jumes P 11i iram Jefferjeffersonsoil osephjoseph and liohnuorinborin untduntaunt chaanceyghaanceyohaaiiceyohaGhaona ancey J E and lewis destwest nenry hollinskollins georgeG eorge aldaadand lilzeeliza pickup elijaheiljah E catherine and sarah likl oldenoldell 41

40 gr i ldeanl3ean op cit ip 5219212 41 A V tullid6tlillidfeee cit p 270 r-

jojohljohnallaliari boothbooth in his astoryistoryninistorystory of theV he ovo fourthitonrthiTonrth aardjanavanaard1ard adds the follovinfolfoifollovinollovin nackesnanesnamesnacaes

i locdoc john rizi stoddard 0nelburn stoddard Ujanesjamestames athiasathiuslathi8sL 6trorilstrong john orr alaaldanduriaurla family xioaghtoniou6htdought on and lilieusli4ieusrtlpheas chanoverCocoanovercovnoverCov noverAnover ileriryixenry 2jabrisriezjabriskie ilaihannahilahllahinah i mma 1anervaginervanerva clara and loalo4kak0 carter jabez blackbernblackbarnblacblaceblaekblacKI1 barnburn and iiinervaiinerva lottlelottietietle qorter abazabez facamilyfamilymilyLily and ththmaslharjladasmass billis7illis7i1lis 4ofter oeorgeoregeorG elfoeeofoee V eandeaildealle&noeaii iniiiill nishisidisabisahls oriorlodioriginaldinalLinal journal tthusus far his autobiogautobiographyra r hy coalcompiledpiledglied by his d&u6hdaughteraeruer loraziora reancean iiorneiioriie riesrlesziasnesnas been quoted states thereithereethere kereverewere sonesome additions made to our

aulmer &cc v Ppopulationto & alationulation during the sulmersiriiaier in the fall hen the lldeanindian trouble broiiebrodiebroisie oatout tieveyie vierevere situated in the ffortortont about as follows tl herie then drevarevdrevadrevv the sketch reproduced in the photostat enclosedeiiclosed in this tlaesis43thesis of the location of the cabins in the first site of kortfortbort utah this is the only draviidravicdrawingig of this tyltyletypee knoxonknovonknov4n to the vriterwriter Accoraccordingdirig to his drawing the families appear to be as ffollows alexander 7Vi lliamsilliams zastjasteast gategetegebeG ateeteebe lleeper luieteulet stoddard ilantllanthunt acetacedace lealleanbealdealideabi clariclark conover egbertigbert dayton ivie ZabriskiefzzabriskiehzzabriskieHZ diadi3dijudejui1 1titingtonmitingtonlilllitington1 mit ington aingeivdngming IL bikblk blackburnBlackbarnburn J bieblebik biablackbarnblackbernblackburnBlackbla cebubarnburnrn ravs wheelerJheeler T willis G day J S iligbeeilig1iigbee1116 bee I1 nigbee orr ildridgeeldridge lerrylarryparryperry 1 has tubertubentamerturnerturnen thomaskhomasthomaslyhomas2homasl lortonbortonortoniortonliortzni 11i ororterter G C cacaseoasese strong and llathevsuiathevs 4

42 J Eig tootillbootillbootnbooan op cit appp 141 4 43 cff dostpost p io70 44 georeegeorge V 16eanlbean igeorceca eorge ivi ideanjdean journalJo arnalurnal undubunpu- 7 blished jourjourlialjoiirnallialiaal in possession of his daudaughterStiter loralonaionazioraaloraxlora deanean 1 korne salt lake city utah book IV p 71 A

1 I btjbajbej ablepyle r tcht bei atlett A y- oSa ar st twi 0 AITW u L ffytfeyt espcyespayesoeSp cy &c A i ees fea CC ac feifet x4xa 441411 SS iti ac4c zritx C aallA ia o 01 aiaAAAtm IA saoalli zee aj V offuhaeohavowffuWffU y t J 0 SKK T jkkr ia C u jj V sr ti 741.741W fr cai1 y y 1 3 WsCsctuactuwjTu f 1kak 1 a 1

r- 1 4

1 k JB A Photophtcl3taticphotostaticilastatic copy of the cabin location in fort utah on georcegeoroe d journal rpage 71 kedIHs slisriili its firstfinst site fronfronifrom beans kesl 1 yi vav7 ct iiat suav fy1rylfyd 8 fyhifct S & i xmas 9 A ff J fa ii T f3 yirv vf 1 ttoteu eirvziev 1I tlette e c jlmayalmay 4 tiv if lt atesweage aala4l 7 1 to KKAA ciCC octaoca l zata oCT P zat4I1 A oct1 1 IV njna W f y awA w l 06 fe Ti avat Mt kieviloito kikvKi kv PV 1 l avmtAV N aa tjsh13 jjsdjs 66jtjj 4a cwiduidulc wi lt akvk 11 in kk sr sl 1 jy r w11 icc yu1juivulyua J aai041 T aw 64 4 vt V t aa 1a VT I1 IIVAVAV diudib 41 1llvI1 kn rifrjlijfealu r A w 4 A A 4 4 rigs jt&l ribs al tzg i er fe mji 3 keslkess ajiMj ifflie tzifsfcfessAA u-

lisaisiiss one ziuiliwill11 observe by close observation of taetrieteietele sietchpsketchsketchy the names identified ass Alaridegride aandanaad zarryrarryzarry are slightly oblit- erated making it hard to definitely aistirilalstaistdistinguishiriLaishulshuish theiathem jdihisahlsis 4 5 iidentificationde n tif i c t i oii iwasa s ivelkvenivivene n tltliembliemi ea bbyy asxs3 ilorhomenomen e therethenephere is evidence to believe however thatthetthathe u therecherechore

verewere at least twoU 0 o other faailiesfamiliesailees inllakia the fort ihenwhenbelben the indian troublestroudiesnoles brokeorokedroke out wllichzichanichwnich do liotnot seem to oe correlated aithalthwithith thetneane uovecuovebove iitlitaitii6t joseph b1j lareiarepark born in irovobrovoJTOVO ifin 1821852 aldandalid living iniiikiikli this city at present stated in a personal inter- view witnwatnith the riterwriter tnattiaattiant iiyalylayiby father bulitbuilt one of the cabinscabine in ont21ortort utah and my family 11ivedlivedivea tlenethere it vaswas there that my twin brothers william1 and john verewere born 11 liisilislilslilis statement is verified by the biography of rohnjohn aldardand louisa farecarkcare 11 which says enelereere again neideadeahe built a 106log cadincabinoadin iniiiill the lortfortdortbort1ort utah that wabwaswes erected to protect the people fronfrom being 146 xiwipedpeaped out by the indiansindia ns

lilliilikewiseevaseevdse it is evident that jabez bowlandjowlandLao laiidlaiad and family vereverewere inhadinhainhabitantsinhaoitantsoitants of the fort therhe recorrecordsCIs claim that jabez inasineswaswes shot in the nose darinadarinpduring the battle with the indians at provo in february 18501650 47

45 cr 7 bean autobiogxaaatobiopraphy of georeG eore jj liean13eari PEop cit p 55 46 laryry park 1brockbankBrock bankbaUK biogiabioqrabiogra phicalphihal sketsketcheteilcil of john and louisa iarkllhrank publishedunpublishedan family record compiled by lrsiviesivixs Brockbrockbankbalkbauk a daughterda ahteruhter a copy ilin possession of joseph 60 park proveprovo utah Dp 2 47 1J AV a- op p taltultuitullidgeidgelidge cicitj I1 29 i-

caritcjrit 11 lirlid717 1 i or Uuditujjl 0 irskrs alxilx ij

ftgricaltardi jevelopabnts in the ev olony of neceenecesjitynecessityty tiietiletlle principal occumccuoccupcoccupy tintion ol01or tlletiie dortort utaotanutana colonists in 149 s aeriauriaurlalricalriesericulturedericaltareaericulturederic altarealtureculture deiorebeforeoefore thetiletiietlle fortdortfont wasas tirelyeitirelyentirelyeieilell comcouijietedletedfeted the settlersettlers s deinbeinbedeinin eboereoeregere r to boeoijiiiiiiliii lombidloiniiitlolomiililurlMii and Pplantinglailtilltilgtinl tiiegileglie nevn sosoilll11 laid 3utautoutoub ttneanee land tto thetiietile asteast estcstrestwest and southsooth of011 uieuleletie iortlorttortrortbort lyly the nalalejxidle of lay desijesijesiaesje3idesaes bubuild-lid ing tletiletaletahe fort ttleyey aadnednaddadded jjloedplovedjjglovedplloedoved fenced and planted vallil heat rye and corn tre ereetcrrecter portion of tvo I1iiiindrgdluneundred dnan i twenty- five acres ater lorforror irrlirileirriairriacionetiegieglcionn vas lcenbaelbaenacenta en oatoutut of the lirrovovo iverliverriverkiverlverlilver abut a haltnailhallnalthait alieaileakle aabove tietiletlletle lortfortrort ellseliseilsillis ditch vasas con

J tructedfructedstrlictedtruc ted nderunderu theU 1I e sjervicionverv L ionlonaon of jallesjariesjarles eaileaneon aldeldand ollsoliskoonswoonsoils ulchereuhereaareaere fore it vas called ttlethele jeadaean diteDitcditanditcnditciiii

4 byDY this tlletlde talt31tan aadoitionaladoptional1 j 3 r-a 1 faiiiilicskliesi1ics nadnod joined theuh oriiicoriinllal loudiouproup frofafroriifrobai alt jarejahe ralleyraileygalleyvalley lielielleeieele fort field s 2 dividedalvidividecidocidocS Liitoaitoto ortyferuyforuy lots teU e crcreacreocroo6 aapiecediece joijoljohnin ibeeibbeibce corasrecordsrlecdrdsrecorasre 1tat s survesurveyedyeu id drew lo10lolbcolbt folorr ffrinr lijo

1 aloryiloryi Lory of crdvoljrovo11 ilslisI ds op citcilc il 184 0 2 1 1 01 1 1 L atey 1.1 0 j teyiteyi op Cellcilelt ol L apppp 3340oho040 4400 0 3 JT 31zaz xioxioeexione16dugezugeee tloteskotesiotesiotesdoteskotes from john 0 ELibeeiiibeeii bees journalJo arnalurnalannal filed by hislais salsolsauson I1J oclonnoon L ibeeilbeexiibeexiL I1albee a copy in possesspossessionpossessioriiori of J rt lubeeibeeiubelubee orem itunlitcinatun 1349 73 on layliayilay 23 there vas a severe slotsnot storstodstorastonaU lasting nearly three hours and 0ox tltlethele nigatjai6ltnignt following ti-tlethele frost vasas so severe that it estroyeddestroyedC estroyed taetrieteie greatedgreetergreatergre terted lartcartpart of tlethetlletile vegetat-ve etatbetat 4 iionon lofeverloveverlovever the settlers zereverewere not easily discouradiscourageded ietercelerketerreberzeter V conver relates an interesting aricuituraldricaltaral experience of his tilattnctbilat sullbullsuLibummersumnersommeriieriler chilevhile 1rcaiiisfarming in his allot- ment 1 hddhiedhijd only about totiotjo Lmdlid ciecleoieoleone nairnaifhalfhaid busuusbasnelsbasnessbuslielsliels of heetheat batbut I11 sovedloviedsovied that and raised one hurhaldredhuldredareddred cinaaindcindalud forty seven bushelsbasbushelsheis 1 addhdd lctlotnot laaladhaahad a iiiorselmorsel of bread iniiikiikli aymy boasehoasebousehouse slncesinceinceance the first of 41 ril antiiantiluntil ilyllyliyniy crolceolcrop vasas raised alaelaandaudeuaana berlin coanty threshed lt viasas the first td rin catcut in utah chantyocuilty 1 catcut it oion the lothibthibah of julyci alyuly boutboatliboutgibout an hoarhourhoadhoud after it railedrahielrainedrahied as hardilardliard as 1 ever saasa it rain it1 t then cleared urap alduldandariaaleaanea tllethe sunson cacaliecoliecollee oatout as ariitoriitbrilitbailit as if it had never rained i1 had to let it lay for foarfourdoardourrour aaasaays 1 before it asvas3s dry11 ry enahelaheluheien ahu i to neshtltlnesht nesh 1 ireshedthreshedt1ta it on the 20th viithavithvvith a flail cleaiiincleaning it itiletlivithi itli the iidvildvindild xhelhenea layinyknymy solssons braniiibram and charlesuharles uoolcooiluooil it to ieflsleffslerisgeffs millmiil on iillaill4illkiil1 creek forty ailes acacyazy y it took thentheiathelathem ttavotvvotaoAQ daysclays helhenen they got 4none my family had a leasieasuinasuu of bread alaaldandallaarld it vas a feast immediately after lettinggetting my heatcheatvheat off the groundgrouldround a heavy reilrailrainrein caliecadlecadiecame causiicausiacausingS the lieatlibatviheat to sproatsprout fronfromfrond the stubblest abbieabbleubbie it grevgrew antiluntil it vas taller than the first crop and it ripened and vas a good heavy crop making uotvo crops in one season from one plantinglant ing it vasas the first crop raised in utah valley in spite of their hard vorkvora the crops harvested by the settlers that fall vere rather meager ilortunailordiorkionlortanatelytuna tely duedoe to an abundanceabandonee of grassgnasscrass ilearflearnear the ffortrortzortort the elieilellibelli&ell guarded cattle verewere in fairly good shadeshedeshshapepe at the end of the season

4 E tullidtultuitallidgetalledgeTallidgee op cit p 234 5 P 7.7 conover op cit appp 398938 9 74 furnishing some milk andalid neameaiieatineato hoodfoodboodyood in egeneraleiieral vas scarce 6 it V 0 ihlatiheatvheat according to jonn larkclarkO vasvaewas I1borthvorthwortii v5va000ooo5005.0000 a bashelbushel larahsarah topham clarks courijourijournalal statesstutes it was a interlintervinterwinterv of hard vorkworkrorkdork and sufferinasufferingsafsufferinafering the food supplies aereaarewere limited the flour being weighed oatout to each family sego and thistle roots were eaten lovlownovnow and then the men brought in a littlelittleiieat7meat they also caught fish from the river and lake

civil and 1lalitliilitaryLiili tary activities DurdaringiriCirig 1849 one of oarouroanoun standingoutstandingoatout featuresfea tarestures of the lormon colonization plan was the vay the eccecalesiasticalecclesiastical organization fanctionedsanctionedfuncti3ned in a colcoiluaunityconuaanitylualudtudunity antiluntil the proper civil organizations coaldcould be completed it became perfectly rerealarbealarulular to enact and administer the lavsdavs of the cocounitycrunitycoiacolncoinmanitycOinunitymanitymunity tiathroaghthroughtiaroughrough the religijasreligreligijusreligiousioasiousijas officers previouspresprevloasioaslous to the granting of city charters by the territorialferritferritorialorial legislbtarelegislliture wlbenhenleliellen the civil goverrlientgoverrljent droderproper came into effect ithlith the brenchbranchbrunch presidency or bishopricD isho pr a c fulctioniiigfanctioningsanctioning in an executive capacity lalavisvs as they veieveleveivelveree needed were enacted by a majority vote at a pablicpublic meeting thisfhisthibchis pro- cedure an example of government by the will and vote of the people shows the iLfluenceilfluenceinflaenceinfluence of the iewiealeabew england town meetings

6 john clark 91op cit p 4 7 iarylaryhary C singleton xlistory11istory of sarah topham clarkclarkaclark1 unpublishedunpublished biography of her mother copy in possession of harold 0 clark provo utah p 4 75 ialylalyliany of the colonists irwereweceere converted to the iormonaiorfdoncormon church in

iv enc the liewew englandID land states liveneven after the legislature did mamakenaaemaaee provisions for the setting up of local leealledallegailegal authority irin irovobrovo the bishops3ishopsjishops1 and lighhigh council courts had a povpoverfulpowerfulerful infinflueiinfluencelueiluelluer ce on the community some illustrations villviiiwill be divengiven inln a later chapter Jjohnohn 3 higbee aasvaswas the first president of the kortzortort utah colony after serving a little over two months by his own request he was released and his brother ileacisaaciseac took his place Jjohnjqhnohn returned to his family in salt lake city and 8c later that year was called on an L D 3 mission to europe the following part of a letter written by brigham young announced the appointment of isaac higbeebigbee G S L city ilayliayhlayblay 28 1849 to isaac higbee president of the settlement in utah valley deardeansear brother at a council of the presidency twelve and others held in the recorders office in this city last evening upon the suggestinsuggestion and request of john 5 higbee to be released rrsfrom the duties of the presidency of your place it wasas unanimously voted that isaac nigbeehigbee should be the president in his stead you will therefore take due notice of your appointment choose your counselors and receive the necessary ordination at the earliest con- venient opportunity Q signed brigham young 9

8 johntojan S higbee op cit 1849 9 i D 6a journal 11historyist ory 2opR cit iuayduayy 28 1849 76 in the winter of 1849 and 1850 helhenwhen underluader the stateotate of deseret civil machinery aaswasas set apup to assist the ecclesiastical government already in operation governorgovernorU overnorgovernor loung appointed isaac higbeenigbee to be chief justice of the nealynewlynemly organized utah county 10 at a mass meeting held on july 2 1849 according to the branch ecordrecordnecora fl the following laws were enacted for the suppression of gambling with the indians that a fine of not less than i2525 nor more thalthantharl loo4100100 shall be enforced upon any person found guilty of the same undcindkind to fine persons for shoojjneshooting in or learledrnedr titheie fort so as to endangerendanger lives thereby 11 danSer two days later on july 4 the colony organized a militia this being another organic necessity as a protection against the indians defterjefterjefferheffersonffersonreffersonre son hunt111.1 unt was elected commander 121l n ithwith ieterpeter conoveruonover and iloberttobertbobert T A homas as lieutenants the ccompany consisted of fifteen members of the mormon battalion and totaled sixty able bodied men including stalwart youths some of whom were the best men for this militia service 1113 the militia drilled daily wasas subject to call night or day and the cannon was fired occasionally to remind

10I1 L1 a 11untbanterbuntenhuntenL er op cit p 215215. 11 II t W tultuitallidgetullidgetalledgeTallidge op cit p 234 121 eterketerreterrketeneten fi conoveruonoveruoonovernover ak2kop cit p 9 also a TI1 tho-1 0- mas autobiography of robert T thomasthomasit unpublished historical sketch of theolasthoolasthqgias familyamilyllanilamilyilyllyit copy in brigham roungkimgyoungoimg university library proveprovo utah p 2646 13 E W tullidge j 1 cit p 235 77 the indians that the fortf ort basvaswas elieilwellmeilell protected boutilibout tiietlle last of uustruustkuustruaustuuustst 1349 a company of emigrants oliollorion their way to the california eoldgold fields camped at fort utah needing a guide lajoni ajor hunt who elving callecilczllconeeonecomeie to utah over the southern route from aliforniacalifornia with a detachment of the kormonmormon ratcatbattaliontaliontailon after beinbeing dischargeddischargedvas vas induced by the emigrants to take them to their destination reterietlet er 71I conover took his place as cancxncommanderander of the fortort utah illiliLiialiiALliilitiaii1litiaitia with the rank of captain 14 the cominscoming of the orty ninersbiners vaswas botnboth a blessing and a detriment to the settlement purchasing supplies from the settlers brought much needed money into the community but contributed seriously to the Iridalidarldindianiridiarilarliarilafi depredations which will beoe described later iniia this thesis eedeedinbedinliilil fresh horses to continue their journey these emigrants traded guns andarid fiuriitionammunitiona which supplied the indians witnviitnwhitn tiitittheae heansmeans andcnaana in- ducementducement for hostilities early inLI 1850

spiritual educatiialilducatinal andundaridarld creationalrecreationaliteife lunctionsfunctionsjunctions A spiritual and educational philosophy had been thoroughly instilled ithinathinwithin these kormonivl ormononmon converts byoy theirthedr martyredmartyred leader joseph smith and encouraged by his successors lielleilehiediedle claimed the glory of codgod is intelligence

141 peter UW Cconoveranoveronover op ccitit p 9 78 kronfromkromronrom its inception there vasas a collcoricorLconstantstant effort made by its leaders toco maintain a motivating spiritual and educational attitude amon the members of zortyortort utah mission jvenavenZ v en though it taxed their tlle and strength tobo eke oatout a livlivingiiigfiig in this new settlement the colonists in most cases found titinetimefuerue for divine vvorshipvyorship on the sabbath day and frequent study of the scriptures there was an attitude of spiritual equal- ity everyone was poor but came to the church services aithalthvithgith the best they had totovealtovearvear oliver 3 huntington although not one of the fort utah expedition vas a frequent visitor a to the settlement0ettlement I1 beirbeinbeingCD brotbrotherer of dimick one of the citizens in describing an early day religious service he wrigriwritesari tes I1 sa one ilderlidereldereider called from the congregation into the stand to sspeakpeat to the pepeopleople vvhoahoho had neitneltneiternelterneitenneitherneltnerer coat shoes or socksocksKs and he spokespoke vith liuchlluchaluchmuch poverpowerpowen of the holy spirit 151

education at homenonenome and in the classroom ioasihasvoasas ClsoalsoaisoAiso en- couragedcoucoarcouraEedragedreged soon after the completion of the fortrortdortcortzort and the arrival of the Iamiliesfamilies iaryluarylary allalnann turner daughter of chauncy and hannah1 redfieldsedfieldbedfieldredSedreafield turner began teaching school in one of the little cabins thisibis vas the first official educational institution established in utah valley 1610 later when john S

11 15 oliver B baur4aurzuntingtonhuntingtonZuntL t iingtonngt on fllarlyariyarly days in the Territoryterritory11 the youpayoupzyoun comansvomansVomansomas journal 44754 475 july 1893 16 aL T ThoLthonasthomasfiasrias op cit p 29 79 iligbeebigbeeiligbeeT returned to Saltait lake city leaving nis cabin vacant deongeoregeorG r 17 deonegeorgeeorgec1ca e beanljean taught school therein anlyarlydarly in ivkormonmormonlormonkormon history one finds the spiritual educational and recreational functions closely united it was found that if the young people were not given recreation properly supervised they ouldouidwoaldwould go elsewhere for it where it was not so properly supervised at fort utah time wasas also taken oat for wholesome recreation again quoting huntingtonhuntHant ington I1 went to the dances in private houses whereinhere there was no floor batbut the ground and no splendor batbut britzbritybrightht cheerfulcheerfalenral honest faces that reflected the intell- liigencegence virtue and christchrisichristianlianjienqian zeal of honest sealssoalssouls ithinathinwithin ve needed no money then to pay extravagant fiddlersfiddfiddlerylers bills for axedwaxed floors and a few dollars clear gain for some man to patput in his pocket to pay for getting apup the dancef rievie coaldcoaidcould pay for oarour adraisadraissionadmissionsionslon to a party in wheat flourfloor oats corn potatoes cabbage squashes molasses beets or anyanythingthilothino the people wanted to eat or wear or they coaldcould trade off in those days we all netmetimet on a level and parted on a square fe never heard of burglariesbargburglaries holdupsnolandiaholdhoid adsudsapsups or suicidessaicsuicsulc idesldes wee never heard of bankruptcy or gambling in stocks 1018

fanfamfamily life jin fort utah 1unlieunilewhile the little settle- a way 1ment was developing oatoutoutwardlyardlywardly in physical it was also growing vithinathinwithin some marriages verevareware performed7perlfpearlf ormed and a number s of ciaclaildrenchildren born beforedefore the colony aaswasa- d a year old

17 J jlj booth op citc it p 6 is18 0 B3 huntinghantidantihuntidantinguonnguonuon arlyharlybarlyariyearly lays in the territory 22 cit appp 475476475 476 80 the records differ as to who was the first couple married at the fort the I1historyllistorytony of sarah topham clark relates it was here at this fort she 1 tisspiss topham met joseph clark a member of the mormon battalion ahowho had just returned from san diego california they were married october 17 1849 by elderbidereidenhidenbiden isaac higbee being the first couple married in provo 19 john E& booth substantiates this claim in his record 20 robert T thomas however claims that he and I1narymaryiary ann turner were the first couple married the ceremony being performed in the fort april 18 1850 21 if the dates given in the original journals are bothoothdoth correct then the clark wedding has the priority the marriage of joseph clark and sarah topham is the first to appear on the branch record 22 it is rather interesting to observe in the journals of some of these good old people that as they dictated the account of their lives tneyaney tooktooa pride in being the first to do this or the first to do that these idiosyncrasies however are certainly excusable since in general their journals are rich in source material and valuable for historical data in spite of an occasional inconsistency

1719 iiarylviaryaviaryilary C &ingletonsingleton ak2kop cit p 2 20 john AE booth op cit p 5 21 ft T thomas op cit p 29 22 J iiLI jensen op cit p 41 81 there is also a variance of opinion regarding the birth of the children according to tuiTultullidefallidbFallitullidgelideildedb the first white child born at lortfortfontjortyont utah was to the lrekrewifeife of illl11.11allieslilesilles viveavereaver andalid the first male childichialdichildrenen viereweigwerewerg twintwirl boys villiamwilliam and J ohn 23 to john and louisa park Ahele is sudsupsupportedartedorted in this contention by the ibiobiographybiograpnyrapay of john park written bloyy his daughter jane park tonesjones who recordISrecords here at the old lortort built on provo riverelvereiverhiverkiver in the midst of privations associated with those early days over a thousand miles from a base of supplies surrounded by warlike indians on the ooth of december 1849 his ifealzeadrewife louisa savegave birth to twin boys william and john first white boys born in proveprovo ahowho became a source of cariositycuriosity and amusement to the squadssquaws who visited the fort 24 J iiiviivl jensen claims on the other hand that gr oliver h-hawsaws son of crilbertgilbertglibert and nellahnennahhannah Earisavisiawsarrsbawscaws was born october 8 1849 25 J E booth mairitmaintainsains the first children born accoaccordingruing to the best information obtained were a daughter to the wife of jabez li owlen and son to ed holdeiioldenss wifewifewire with the chance that the young lady had the lead 206 uhliewhilethile there is joy with the nenewbornneanew dornborn theltheletheree is sorrow

23 E W tullidetuitullid6etullidgeTulliaelide 00ooop cit p 270 24 jane park 0jdnesjonesones biographytbiography of john larebareparkpark11 undubunpu- blished family record compiled by insirslilrsliars jonesatones daughter copy in possession of joseph farspar 1proverovo utah p 2 25 JT iviivliyliviurluki jensen op cit p 42 26 E op p J booth 2eae cit I1 4 82 in deadeathth during the first year at the fort in consequence of hardshipsharahardsnips lack ofor suffsufficienticierit food exposure etc a few members of the little colony passed away giving their lives for a noble cause the family relations as a wholewhoie at fortfontyontort utah were very congenial each member doing his or her part at the break of day the laouseihouseholdioldbold usually would arise after breakfast and the morning family prayer the father would take the boys into the field working the nenew sloughedplougploughedhed soil or go dolandowndolhn on the river or on the hillside for logs poles or posts to make an addition to the cabin build a barn or pole fence theiheahe cattle had to be carefully herded by day and locked up in the corral at the fort at night infant industries sprang up aichhichwhich iliwillwiilill be discussed more in detail later the father and thethle sons did the workork in these primi- tive mills and factories there wedeverewere many tasstasks colifrontingconfronting these frontiersmen but most of it aasiwaswas cheerfully done meanvhilelueanwhilemeanwhilelueanwhile in the humble 106log cabin the Luothermother assisted by the older girls duldouidouldwoulawould spend her tinetime busily taking care of the babies washingashin ironing cooking and seAsewsewingirig wool wasas carded spusdunspuni andaudendena woven into cloth soadjoad tallow candles andalidaridarldana other itemsi bems were made in fact each home was a miniature manufacturing establishment heretheretheneA were almost countless respresponsibilitiesrsibi1ities in a pioneer runonenomede zotildotnbotn thetiletlletiye sons and dauszdamszdaughtershtersaters were taught to oraworkaoraork from childhood andalidana in nostmost 83 cases c1ca1eerfullycheerfully accepted tiieir resresonsioilitysibillity

in ti-tneanee eveeveninginaingin6 vivienvlenienlen it vvss too Car to do lloreeloreore there

7 ereherewere no eight hoarhourhoanhoun seiftssniftssciifts or time 0andniipli U a laifhalfhair for overtimeover ttinetimefieibei1e then the family voaldbouldvould kneel to thanzthanktharikcharik their creator for tisaisknis kindness dullniduring the Ulicrylicaryutchy y ayiyyrnesyrnnsans vere sui-sangsungs in sacresojnesocre helleshelieshe llesliesdies and occasionally one vouidouldouid hechecrdecrr the strains of &a musical instru-

A waitsing1 v mentT neneighborclrhlr vaivaitsingval tsing by libillililiiijnlLi LIL laellearhearr titnoseenoseI1iose insinspiring orordsd s

1 17 1 ri C 3 ay 1 1 comeome colieoolieoideolde I e saintsin s chcilcli iy x catnert II e r or onei e of tiitrltritneanee 0otnerU I1 l er beabealitifalatifutif ul flazilya liilybiily 1lynshynscyns1yaylilsliisailsiils so icialyiricniyrickiy erjberjenjoyerenjoyeaoyed oy lnetiietiletllecne eaearlydisdij ialatterkattertterater day saints afuff coarsecourse tlletrie u111cjurourju ntb al-alvdysv ays in taletuletulletulietane butoatout the uejutyucdaby of bheie occaoccasionii erased uny tone discard tclttnatanataltolt iiiii ltnt ccccaracarocarc ur

inintinina klidasildaslidasU as triesi e s 11introduceditrodstrod u c ed in tthelielleile Ucolonyol01 ilsliss defrederrebeforebedore stastatedted frain vvsV S zlallleclecielielle principalrin eidaleldalcipal oriinbloriliiiul occapationoccupati3noccupationoccadationpatlonpation of the dort utaiutallutahI1 settlersettlers batbut Elaostlabostainost irllediatclyLedlediabediatediat ly of recessnecessrecessitynecessityity a fevbevv infant ifidustriejindasindus triestrigs sprang up in the fall of 1849 0amaelamuelaiduelabduel cldraldrcidracidrk bulitbuilt the first talltarltaritannerynery and producedprod aceducedacea the first leather ixiiiill the territory 27 darkbark vaswas obtained from dilepilepinepille trees 6rovliirovin iniii L rovocrovo canyon rheyletlethe trees verewere catcut and trikunedtrimjaed and the losslogs floated don the riverlverriver oxen erevedevere asedused to snake thenthelatheiathem across the saldsandsalid bars at the mouth of the canyon the logs vere peeled and loaded onto vvaons and hauled tobo the tanrpanrtanneryery since theme lndi6nsindleindieindic ns veremereere

2277 i tuituliallide1 i d e cit p 270 3484 hostile a front and rear aeraauardzuardaara had to be constantly main- tatainedined it took c coisiderableonsidercibleconsiderable tiuetilietime to prepare lnedhetheche leatherlearnerleutnerleuthen butbotbob the demand beinbeing joso great at first that it vasyasas taeltaentaken frolafrom thetlle vats before it vas seasoned fhe snoes made from thistilis leatleatnerleatderleanderdenaender VVeverevvereere loose and flublyllaboy in et eatherweather and dry alaaldandana stiff during a dryary season susann coiecoleoole lavisdavis it is claicialclaimedaed made tae first shoes in the neavnevv settlesettiesettlementnelltmeLit 1 wost of01 them ere made oior buckskin as leatherieather was scarce Lbheonehe used heavy material fforroror the uppers vith leather soles 0incelince there yvere no nails wooden deasgeaspegsp el7 s ergverevergere asedused to fasten thenthem togethertoe glerglengner henihen tre eattierbattiereatnereattierllerrierner vaswas hot and dry the despes shrank and caused a separation of the uppers and lowers in order to overboovercoovercomeie this the shroesshnoessnoes qrt l- 28art vere orn in the ditch until the vood soalsoakeded up tqaqciainclainchainci alnainpain jehajenajehujenu lacklaeklackoarnlacK darndurnduriloarn according to kulkuiTulilideiailidecailidetullidleIa lidLe bulitbuilt andana patput into operation the first su mill inizikiikil utah valley inLL 1849 29 it vasas located east of thetiletiietlletae lortfortlontzortcont aj4jS ILi ttensenstensenjerisen in describ- iloilging this mill states it vasas a rather drieddrienpriEdprimitivetive affair but vas thelneohecne lealsieansleansneansmeans of producing lauchfauchmacnmaan of tletneane lumber used for the housesao uses and simple furifurlfurnitureLiture of the dloDioplopioneersleersneers it consisted of a

28 ttalettaanettamallettamariettamarletta nn loveless iograpxiy ol01 olsonnusl11r1oasonnD olecoleooleoie lavisiavisbavisaja1ja vi S anpublisneaunpublisiaed record in possessionsessilossessilos in of tiietiletllecneone authoranchor irovobrovo1 rovo utahltahjleahj p 2 2729 aj1jjj e op C 1 1 p 270 tullidkulildiullidxlillidet eitciteltt I t-

858 frame ork on aiciahiciavhich lolslogs everevvereere placed aoivo deiadelanenmen 0operatederstederzted the sav one S banaiiitanatanjbana iiiliciliiiiliill oilon011 ulleuliegilegna rraierrirelearaieaieeieele above0oveaboveaoove the timber the otner oelovbelov 0

it is claicialclaimeded hjhoweverhjvevervavervever ii-ini the L J 3 anaanuranarlanacanuanuscriptmanuscriptscript

1history of iITOVOrovo that johljohnJ ohlohn porter andzuliauci nlexaaulexanderer 7lliamsbilliamsyilliamsYiililailliailika ds

jdulituljit tthethali1111.11 e first savallsawmill in 1849 asdid vere saing illtiberluiluliLLuderuberTiber as early as t1tathelleliewie fall of thatthutthag jearyear 311 tlethedledhe writer is unable to definitely detdetermineeraine anichvnich vas riirilfilstfirstst batbut alapparentlypar eltiy ooth mills operoperatedeted at r ort utanutah in 1349 these pioneeriuiueerineerdueereer industries t1oazhtnoagh rliitivepriuiitive paved the vay ffordorcor0 oreacre colncoincomplexcoinplexdiezpiezplex alaaldandaliaalla useful mills bridbradandana factories to fellovollovfollonfollov

bannonuannon explodes lills dastondaytonLaY toltor inlareskaresj ares ldeanidean oiloiiolion

september 1 1849 a boatdoatdoutabout suldonsandonsundowbundowE a pathetica thetic Caccident occurred at jortzort utah sonesome ioioviderpovudervider laaleahad been secured frolfronfrom the californiaa if oralaornia eriierlierilariiemigrantsr nt s ccampedcampeaz1za ed at uieniezhemie settlement wiiiiamodlliaiajiiiiam jay-

e ton v1va hoiioilo113 as SUEOsupposedsapsupsugo dosedposedsedeed to llavenave a loleenolee of cannonsZ Caldindand deorejeoreodeoreorg e 7.7 elnglnean6 n mountedao unt e d lhunee bbastionuastiona s L i on iini-l uheulieulle center of tltletheie fort aandnd proceeded to loliolloaload the canloncannon froifordoror battlebettlebettiebattie practice thdletheklee firsafirsc slotsnotlotdotiotbiot ent off in 030300looajooa000 braeroraer tleflethefhe EuneulgseunlerslensLersnens 1ailedfciledfoilediledlied to sabsvadevadsah oatout the bore and insuinsulinfareinsarei adinst reiidiniiL ssparessperesspacesa lizs2izs laday-y ton loaded botnernotner ccc rtriaestriaertriaue of old colton ciotaclota filled Vvitnvatnit CL 1 bandsounasoandsouiids of lieuielaeuhe ipovderpodderovier LAintotiletlleiie uzzleuzzienuzzlenuzziemazzleLi of ttheghelaielale lunaunan idnd thetiietiletlle

3 C J u cerlcerijeLljensenseilseiisell oldoijop cit p 41 31 idstordsastoriistorypistorytoitor of rovocrovo isIMS 210 cit lri916q o-

80 tintvo0 bbegalbegane La fi rrallraihraiLrailjaina llarilainiainjainla JLitt iinii h 6perlperdparlspew of tiietiletlletue reviju3previous shotsnot reiiiainedreaiaicied in thetiietile barrel sadJadsuddenlysudD denly there s a disastrous ejlosionexplosionplosion and

och a dcafeiiiideafening roarrour Abochboochthch melmenmeca ere harleahurled froinoironlronrnoalrona tiletlle bastionb C st striltr in the ground Ciboutaboutaoolct trlirtyunirty feetreeti eetbeet dvjyavvyanvy lkdaytonlatorilytori vvd5 ailltkilltkilledd autrioutriolitrihtht hishiohlo jularjuliarju lar veinvelliveill oeiri6delldeil severed by a ildeioredioreidr6e fintoriintor J eor-eorfce V beanheaneii absilsibsaas terribly lianledliaiilleddialdlanLianleaiealed butdutoutduz tilltiliabilljbill lre6tlltreofchinln ililrikalkliss left iilndneildnelld vas blonbionblown off dtcit the nistristirist LLliialiij face lecklecicneck aaclisrnerms breast aialdandid right thigh erggrewereere

severely burned 1caclaceratedA c ccuedleduacu t ed unaiiaclaclu filledkilled avitvvitithil aickcrynickoryhickory 6olinflintersolinlersplinplinterspillpiil tersdersLers from the rimroramrodcamrod nishislilsliis eyesdeyeoeyeo v ere so beotalyitalydlyadly burleabunieabarnedburnad thlthjfcmhdthdat hene could lothotilotnot see for tveiitytrentyvemitytwenty daysdayadayoduya naturally everyevenyeveryoneulewiemie vas excited A stretcstretciiersfcretcneriierklerkled vvbsabstat3 made

aaliaallaU 1jeorgeJ eorge vaswas carriecarrleearriecarrieacdrrieaa into ttneanele raiiilyfajjjjyrainily cacabincaoinr there Q no surgeon or physiciani i vithnthdt h rnecneoneohe colony

k 1 ulj it as learned thathalthatthauu capteincaptcinCapta ptU iliillcinciliri hlerblertlirsrurysoarysoury of the 5 ariyirmirmyriyy engineers whoho haahudnudnaahaq just arrived iniiiili bultbuit ldelueade valley hudhuidhuld a doctor ivith ihiiriniirilil m

111l A horse vas saddled andaliaallaana 13uehtonoaghtonoughton conover started ilorinorthVal aaboutb ut 8 pilplip ii at lillidill creeoreecreehcreer hee obtainedoblainedobtuiiied uricauriculoulerlounerbounernounerharh3r horse tthenh n rode oriorlon to celtCentcentervilleoentervilleerville lerehereadlereadhere he secured drlr blakelakablalablaiebialablabe the amyrmytirmyfirmy doctor indaridurid startedst6rted dack theyibey arrived at the fort thetiletrie next

1 dayaayQLUY 1aooatcqut1 cautcout 4 iiallalihliiiipiiia L rookingekikirigbooking the roandround trip of about 120 miles in 20 hours a rerdarlzauledemarademeraremaracemara dleuledie riuerlue inkiikliILI tliosetnosegnose Cadysdayslayz the doctor ljiiediqiiiiiiiediteiyate1y axuatatealiuijatatea thetiletiietlle relrekreaininreaL llinininklin1in6illglilg part 87 of the arm between the wrist and the elbow and removed about two hundred splinters from the various parts of his body after long weeks of convalescinconvalescing bean recovered batbut had to go throuhthrouchtnroughenrough life ithoutwithoutwithout hisnislaisibis left haldhandhalidharld 322

church authorities visit toltontoantown site zselectedDelec ted the colonists at ortabortavort utah verewere contacted frequently by letter from the L J 6 church authorities occasionally they wereere visited personally by the leaders on july 1 1849 the settlement vaswas visited by apostle parley i1 pratt who preached 33 counseled eldandend t5tagreatly encouraencouragedCD ed the saints on friday septemberoeptember 14 1849 president zi&hamwighamxjrigham

lounsloangrounsloungroung accompanied by J illard charascherasichardsnichalasnicharasni leberleoerneberueber C 1laballiiniballcaballLa ballbullbuil and a numberniinuinulniber of others left saltseitselt lake city in three earricarricarriaccardiaccarriagesaC es for lortfortlontfontkont utah the following day september 15 they arrived at the ffortdortcortortont laeriderlderelderhiderbider thonasthomas mullock whovao vaswas vith the president writes at lenruthlengthlenrpth vewe cacameae in sight of thetneane grove in aichhichwhich lies the ort when the old pioneer gun belched forth our introduction to thetiletiietlle ort theI1he brethren vierewerewene col- lecting their cattle for the night when wevve arriveaelveaarrived on crossing the island iewe savsaw some very beautiful timber I1ieye then crossed the provo river a fine stream five rods idewide and from 16 to 20 inches deep onun reaching this opposite bank wee verewere met by all the inhabitants 20 min- vve utes to 6 oclockolclocis at thetine ate of the eortort i e drdroveDve l-insidei s id e a platform on lichaichhichnichwhich the cannon vaswas placed under 32 georegeoreegeorgee i bean op citycit appp 4761470147 ol61 33OQ vf Ialtulitulliallidgelui idseidgelidge op cit ID 20423434 88 the platform 4 tables covered aithalthwithvitch thetlletile bood6oodood thilesthinesthings of the earth veremere built veV e vhoaho hadnadlladflad just arrived sat doandovndovvn to three tables aandanaladrad partook to our satisfaction thtlethee visitinvisit2nvisitingL r brethren ereverev scattered in differeidiffererdifferentit loneshoneslomeshomes for the nightnight3434 on sunday september 16 18491349 president brigham young and party met the saints in fortkort utah the edlicongregationretationreeationreea tion meeting in the shade tvo interestininteresting yeeaeetinlmeetingsaee tilgtinLting s vere held durinsdurinoduring the day addressed bbyy franklin D richards L J rrestusrastusnestusstus koikorIDIslosnoiovlov president brigham younyoungr and branch president isaac higbeeTai1i abee 35 the next mornmonnmorninginc september 17 1491849 prpresidente s id e nt Yyoung0 ung heberneberkleberneuer C kimball yliyllvillardYil leraieralard 1richards and others rode out of fort utah in three carriages accompanied by five laenmen on horseback to locate a tovnjovntovvn site they found a very suitable place about ti-tvo0 o miles east of the fort lerealereidere it lizsvilevibevizscs decided to baiidbuildbaiad a city a mile square to be laid off in blocks of four acres each divided iiintoito eijhteightelijht lots of half an acre each re- serving the center block of four acres for a chapel and school house the streets to be five rods ildevidevilde the party then drove up onto the south end of inoveproveprovo bench heber 0 kimball thomas bulbuiLulbullocklockloek and president hiebelhiebeeiigbeehigbeebigbeeI walkingwaiking

34 thomas bullock in 11 D 3 journal 1listortstorylilistory1istory 2papop cit september 15 1849 355 ibidibid 1september 1610 1849 89

in the afhernoonternoonafternoon tltlethelae liolloloisenoiseL se of an aapproaching hail-L storm wasas heard and a general rush was nademade to prepare for its concomconingcomingirig in a fewfe minutes hail as lareelereelarge as marbles began to fall which nearly covered the roundroandround broke dovdoandovnn the buckwheatducaDuck heat tore the corn leaves to strips and piled up in ilanynanymany places three or four inches deep this vasas the most severe storm that aadnadhad been itnessedwitnessed at the fort to date in the evening the visivlsivisitingtiLg brethren met vith some of the leading colonists in captain hunts cacabincadiniolnoindin to converse about the exploration of soutlierasontnernSoutSontlieralleraileranernnenn otahutah and thetiletiie prospects of settling it liany questions vedevereere asked in regard to routes possibilities of traveling locations etc in general the prospects for development of southern utah looked very en- couragingcouraging about nine oclock the meetingae eting adjourned 4A.4 dance vaswas held at the aigbeebigbeerjlgbeeI1 cabin which was continued antilantiiuntil midnight 36 on september 19 1849 president irigirighamfrighambrigrharucrig ham young and party left fortyortort utah on their return journey to 0altaitsaltsait lake city 37 at a session of the L D jaSj3 geigelgeneralereleral conferences heldheid in salt lake city october 7 1849 it vsas moved that we lay oatout a city in utah valley nefnerrefreferringerring to provo the motion

36 ibid september 17 1849 37 bidibid september 19 18491349 90 received unanimous approval of the congregation assenibledassemoledassembledassenassem oleadiedoled 38

fortjortportyort utah base for eapexpexplorationora U ioalonion and colonization during the exploration and colonization of centraluentral and southern utah the tormonmormon leaders used fortort utah and later provo as a springboard or base of supplies typical of one of these exploration expeditions acisas the one led by parley P pratt which visited the fort in the latter part of 1849 and the early part of 1501350 in november 1849 parley P pratt was commissioned by the territorial governor brigham young and legislature to raise a fiftyeftyfifty man expedition to explore Southeriasouthern utah and ascertain its possibilities and facilities for founding leineneilev settlements officers were elected by the

7 company with P P pratt president isiiki114 il phelps and davidjavid fullmer counsellorscounsellors and jonnjohn irownbrown captain kliick1liickdimick hb 39 huntingtonhuntHant ington from fort utah aaswasas a member of the party 7 A description of their journey througiatnroaghthrougia utah valley is gleaned from the account given by roberthobertrobentdobert T campbell the clerk of the company beginning aithalthwithith sunday kovembernovember 252 1849 the company traveled to cedar grove herehenewhere they camped at 4 or 5 pm about tvotwo and one half miles from the utah fort john scott arrived in camp dehe was after Purfurbelowbelow the mountaineer for stealing horses robert campbell accompanied him to dortsortdont utah where they found

38 ibid october 7 1849 39 P P pratt Pop2 cit p 408 john brown 0op0 cit p 106 91

r parley Pr piplattpiattprattatt preaching 11 phelps and david fullfuliyullyuliyuil mer also addressed the meeting A yolk of cattle aasvaswas bought also help secured in slapesnape of vegetables milamiiamilk baking etc the camp acisvas Euardauardguardedeuara ed at night tuesday vemberionovember 272 the malnmainma in portion of the company reached proveprovo rtiverftiverfaiver utah fort being oiioliorlon the south side by 11 oclocko1clock and halted one nearaounnoannoun the day was clear the river was 24 yards wideide and 18 inches deep timber was plentiful the vaterwater clear and the bottom of the creek rocky the fort was ccmposedcomposed of 577 log cabins builbullbulibuiltbulitto on 17117 acres of ground 100 rods rrsfronfromcrom the provo riveralver leaving fort utah the company spent about two months in exploring in southern utah in january 1850 realizing there were only enough supplies for half of the explorers then located in soutilernsoatnernSoatsoutnerlnernnenn utah to winter on parley P pratt divided the company dladiaplaplacingcinCeing avlduvidaviddavidduvidjavid fullmer in charge of those remaining and left ithlithwith twenty men on horseback for saltgaltgait lake valley leavyheavy snows and freefreezingzinc veatherweather vierewere encountered by the returning party therne food ran shortsnort and part of tlethe horses ave out asa tneyaney traveled north through juab valley parley t rattnattdrattpratt and chauncey estiest volunteered to tahtaktakee taotvotwo of the strongstrongestest horses andalid push on to iortbortzort utah and send relief back in the evening of january 28 parley and nishis companion arrived at the fort nearly frozen and starved 411 the renremremain-a in

a 71 der of the party moved aloneloneioneionselongalongcC slowly being in pitifulitiful con- dition john brown whoho aaswas among them relates 11iewotwo0 werewene

40 L D 3 journal history 2papop cit iovemberiovembernovember 242724 27 1849 41 1 P pratt j cit p 412 t-

lf11 frosted alaanduliaullaana anolner oiiovolinds1iovb1iiid 1.1s 11 suffered irol1rourroaaroa exliaustexhaustionidiiidia

1 424 lachlacxlacj 1 of food zaiiuzairua ud extreaeextreme cold peter conover headinneaaingneading a relierreliefrelied dartypurlupartypurdupurtyy alialjalidandanad liliiviliivdtli lltallttavotvvo0

t1ta busnelbusiialbuesnel sackssaeksSBCKS of scuitoscultouiscuitooiscuitjui andalidana other oodfoodzoodLdoadod started bacebackbacilbacky fofordorrorr

the perishinperichinperishingC men the destitutedesbitatedesbitute travelers inereere located learnear peeteenectpeeteeneet creek later called laysonfaysonpayson neailyneallynearly fauishedfani5hedfamished and almost frozen to deathdeluth 43 they vere escorted to tthetneaneaeqe fort cherevherevvhere they speltopeltspent the lightnight on februaryhebruaryHebrb edrliaryuary 1 1850 they arrived in salt lake city prattirapra bt had preceded thealtheaitheaet1iela latointo the city 44 he survival of jortyort utah aurindurinaaringdaringduringc 1849 demonstrated to the iviormonIvi ormon leaders the practicability of colonization of other sections of central and southern utah experiences

1 gained here everevvsrevvere profitaprofitablyUly used in subsequent settlements

consequently iniiilriirl the ifallroliroii11 ll of 1849 aiiotherlotheranotheraiiother colony south of saltsalbsaib lake city wswas ventured iniii october isaac orleylorleymorley vciuiyiuii th a ccompanyompaiiypaidy of 224 people letietleitleft the liormon ccapitalitaiital traveling south to establishestablis11 a settlement in jannetejanpete valley it hahavingvin beelbeen exexploredlored tneaneualuzl e previous summer tiietiletrietneyaneyy arrived at 45 their site for settlement aovaiaberiioveiriber 4222 1849 As titneyaneyley passed

2 4 cfonncronnF 0 ar rovn op cit p 113 43 P 77 conover oiou cit p 9 44 bolmjolm ijroniaroniJronrol jp cit p 114 P P1 pratt op cit p 412 45 i roberts 0oj cit volume lililiIII111 p 481 93

through utah valley tneyaneyu ney undoubtedly stopped at fortjortyort utah for a slshort1 ort ttliiiellie vvhore repairs oron enipiiientequipiieiat vere hlade aldandalidarld vegetablesve ablesabiesetableseteatables nilnidallgillgili etc caredsecaredsecuredsecaiiedse forkorborzor years yortort utah and

1 vas later rovo vos considercolsideredconsideredconsidereciecigeigel as the first stop soutiboutisoiitiii of I1 aitaltjait lake city durinoduring the colonize tionbion of entrzlcentral uliaullaclila therlthernoathernouthernbouthernoa utalutah

frequently oaeone riadfiadrindrineusrinkus s recordedrecorcled in tiietiletlle I-J L 3 0journalrourlallainai history suchsuich statements as president orloririuriurihaulrighalidhalighaLihaul lounglolin andcna aga lebrlieberleulebleur r 0 IdraiballiliballidraballiL ballbailbali aadandaaaana a lumbernumber of otiiersotnersoeners enr3uteenrjate to sanpete valley arrived at fort utalutahutan haestujust 1 ibo1801850 t46 or asaaga in onene reads returningfliieturnirie fro a ttheie trip to balbansansaletebaletesanetesanpeteete Valleyaileyvalleyvailey president drisbrighamrigrigharnrigharddrighamDrighanhamhaldharnhard loungyoung and party arrived atBL fortyortort utah ausustagartagastagustugastaugust 10 1801850 477

46 L uL J ctoarncjoarazl niidpistorynistoryidstorystory 9opp cit agartagustugastagastuu 1 iso1301350 47 idlaidialdlaibid Aaugastaugust 10 16018016501850 onitcdptcopt i VvillI1 T i u C luuleluul5 jrhjrrarhgrr T UR uiliulisubii provo lveriverriver an indian rendezvous it villviii be remem-

bered that in the 0opening chapter 0of1 this thesistliesisA it vcislaacis s pointed oatout that the utah lake near the mouthmonth of the Ibrovotrovorovo 1 riverkiver as a great rendezvous for the redlarediareduianrediaaiaaiaala thus fforfonor nanymany years especially iniialia the arin3rinspring ahenvhen the lishrishfishtish vereeceere pass- ineing up the river froiafrom the laelaillallze a soodcoacod portionpor cloncion of the ute lationlutionnationleitleatneat ionlon vvhsvvhoho iabitedhabitedinhabitediliill ttheie central utah vavalleys11eys would Leathergatherthertharthsr on titletheie babalksbanksks of tltheie droveproveprovo one early diterriter relates it vasas lotnotclotciot uncoilonuncoillloriunco iLon to see 500 lodges of utah indians on and near brovo1rovorrovoarrovo 1iverivediiverilverliverlivedbiver at one tlaetixiiealae on sachsuch occasions v hat laygayray tlaesblaestiraes they vv oulaouiaouldlouid have totorethertooethertogetheroether i orse racliracilracklracilleracillcracinglc adaaando and garjblinggamblinggamdling iniiikli many forms visitingCD andanad sparsparkingkinFeingking marry lisnisingnig and divorcing and sometimes a great deal of tradiitradingio both betbetweenA een each other and the whites especially so in the year 149 11 indiaiindianindiansis aadhadbad to come that year toalook2looklook at the chitevhitei lite settlersset tiersbiers and trade a little vith them

Skirskirmishlaish between littlelittieL-A ttleatle chief alaalualdandana 7anshipmanshipoalioarl shortly after the colonists arrived dtat irovobrovo1rovo dveralver and begandegan construct- ing jortzort utah chief ansnipansnip head of a ciosuutecroshnteCro shuteshnte oanddand0and from north of aitaltzaltzait lakeclaiejlaie city withith about thirty warriors dashed into the ute camp about a mile from the fort at daydaybreakbreakbraak and

1 cf ante p 1 20 the Ddailydally leauirernqliirer 3opD cit iovelovenovemberraberruber 27 1894 95 killed or crippledcriupled severalseverssevere indians aldandaridarld drove off many of their horses rhefhe tlapanoefimpanogosos utes eeeereaers ftcfcc ken so completely by sur- prise that they did not offer nuelnuehmuch resistance

0 1 little hiefchief came toU o thet1talieileie fortzort almost in tears and demanded that the colonists prove their friendship by helping

i to recover the horses belonibeloninlbelongingnL to lishisblebie band i lelecleoterlooterclter dated prilpriiapril 13 18491249 from john b and isaac iiiliililbigbeeiigbeel2beelibeelabee as immediately dispateidispatcneddispatchedled to brigham young in aitaltlaitjait aeelakeake city the arstirstfirst Xresidencypresidency of the church accordingly seletseltsent aenmen to enendeavorcLeavor to get the horses back peaceably dut anshieanshipwanshipmanship stubbornly re- ffusedus ed J3 little chief and hisnis braves then decided to take the matter in their oven hands equipping his varriwarriorsors by trading with the iiitessnitesvnitesvnvi ii ites he ithvith about forty of his besbestbesoc men started north to pay dackback0ac the visit of vanshipVanaishianshivanshieshipp and caacompanyPany rheyhe Y verewere gone about a veekweek aldaadand returned crestfallen A rullarulinruLiarunningizig

1 erm battle of about forty nilesmiles had taken them fronfroiafrom darmdermjarmIeruarm Sprinesrinossprings

1 i 1 north of salt larlanlake1 e city to oddersoldenlsogders ole in zeberbeberjeber47eber county little chief and one or tivotvvovvvo athersothers3thersothere hadbad been killed but lotliotriotnot vdwithoutthoutphout killinkilling6 ssomeoxeowe of tthee J oshutkoshutoshufcebe band amonoamong vlonahomvhomvhofa iaass 7anship76nshipmanship I1 s son apparently this ssettled their bellilerenciesbelligerencies temporarily at least chief sticketickL iin ntthe hehhead assumed leadership 3 L D 3 aurnelourneluournaljournalu sboryiilstoryi op cit priiprilapril 13 1849 96 of the tinpanoostirapanobos utes 4

indian decelacelqlationsrelationsi tionseions dudarlngdaringduring the 0 prin llalnaandarld dunaierdunuieromuqier of 1849 s will be recalled in chapler illiiikilkii111 of this copositioncomposition the llorraonLlordaonraon leaders eneereaereaare told bbyY jim bridger3ridger thatthot the utah 115 tribe of indians vere a bad people 13 iricelince entering the territoryferritoryFerri tory in 1847 brihanbrihaubriljiaii youndyounyonn ldvevernovelernovevernoLD vever had constantly tried to maintain the policy tithatlat it askasvas detterbetteroetter llaalaandend cheaper

1 I to feedfeed the indians thathann toU 0 I1fihtfehtL e ht theiathein or as someone para- pphrasedL hrasedphrased it it is easier to control tiletlle indians vith biscuits than vita bulletsoaloulouilets theiliellie majority of tlethe colonists i laoiaono settled in fortyort utah vere inclinedilcinc linea to aclactace iiini perfect harmony ithvith tilsthis policy of JDrihalbihairiLririhairilhairig halhai iounekouneloan soonoon after taezae settlers arrived ol01on the crovo river in spite of tlethe invitation revicaslyprevioaslypreviously extended to the colonists by chiefs 0viettelovietteoovietteooovdettenette lialaandanad aieraler to settle aliongaongadiong their 6 tribes al-andanaid teach titilentilemlecaleda to become elvicivicivilizedlizea the utes began to sho a spirit of uirieairieulriefriendlinessuiilifriendlinesslulluiiLi rie dillesd illeslinesiines s and hostility khoii2hoiiihoiiaslaslae 0 jilliaisjilliams diioviiovilovlxovixo returnedret urledarnedarnea to seitsaltsaitaaltbait lalakeze oilyoltyollycibyolby priiprilapril 17 1849 firafrarccaacca iortaortaarthontnort iringeriridger3rj I1awereger revorreportedted ttthat13 t itileitlieaneithietneitiie chiefs

211cccC old zia211ylalk and alker vereere urgingID thetae bands of ktetitelitaute indians to jojoinln in an uttacattackbuttac oion tletheuleuhe setsettlementt of ttiietiletlleLlielrehie tiltsintstints Lin dtutalugaljodhjbdhah

4 arie2riele cillybiilyjciily snonouirerjnoairerJno airer 21op cit iovioveiberloveiiiberlov eibereiderelder 27 194194.1394 5 cf elbeenbeonceon ce p 25 6 0 2 hitney op cit VDvolvoi1 i p 397 e-

97 valley 1177

e ra ieureareardiriC rddilidilldirilri tfidisfixisi s situations it ua t lonkor 0 2 i7hitneyL i tlley ccontendsoitaitort e d s

vas by ovedgovernorgovernor rounyourlyouri talatana b it ds believed overnorovernor loulfoan tnatllat colonel lridalridrridgerbridgerC er andalid oti-otlerotherl r riiolintdineersfuountajiaeers ere dtat thebaeghegae bottobottonbottoma of much of tltneanee illiliiii feelingfc elin naliinallinanifestedmanifestedf estedestea by the red melllendiennenmen idnd tliaaliathau they everevvere incited to attackattachatteckuttech tmede arlionorlionorilonLion settlesettiesettlenenlsfieiits tiierile2iieJLlielleIIQ governor honoeveroeverpever seemed to davenave colacolncoracolafideiconfidencefideifidel ce in irr vasquez rnoenoohowhoono lladlidd opened a sulailsmallsmail store iniii aiualuait alt laelaglake city aldsndandalid chosevhose in- terests tto ththatt eltextex eiltelitdentcent eneere identified ivitavitithh thosethodethooe 3ofL uleuhetletheche settlers u under date of priiprilapril 19 15491849 Jijiruicimruici c xiantintonu tiilgtocl

IS younyonn rotearotevrote the folloifollonfollainfolloinfolfoiloininaingin6 letter to driLririnanham youalyouni from Utahutahotah aileyalleyvalleyvailey wee are all vellv ell aldandanalctactnct iniii prosperprosperousoasous iealthnealthyealth and du ood spirit lreIreprevelisprevailsvallsvailsvalis tiitiltiiroultnroiindoulrouL 1 theU h e ccallidcallipa iiI1 allmilmii11 soesoes iellbellvellvelielieilell lithiithvith tlethe oeloengentrytrytny katsorabsoetcalrabzab soetet anEL inflaenlialiilflueiitial liidiartidiariknaian 8a drother of the one thatbhat ie killed at attlecattlecattieattie creek cae in yesterday and catcut up hin Sshells ritherrotherbrither6ritherbrotherjurotherju6 lintiuntaunt villviiiilllillii tell a doatdoutabout it i1 flavefieveneve nadetrade aimalmnim durour friend liexekieade says a cleatzientreatzieat deal doatdoutaboutauouta A artydarby songgoneongone aler coconiinconeinbinlminl in 0011soon ar drtydarty has CDsone today in pursuit of anshieanshipanjonshipsonshipship to retaildetailretciedetciebetciee thtliosetriose0 s e borsesnorses iee aarshalledmarshalledrjarshalied ourourselveslves yesterday and find twenty jaaskemusketsts in caladcalapcamp and i-no0 o cartridges I11 bashvash you bouldvouldvojid send by caltacaptacaptainiiiill ilantkladtkludt tv enty rowinsrowidsroiinds apiece for eacheacn g11111 iulirulirull if youy0ya thiiikthinisathinis it best e villviliwillwili taieteieteretaketeke care of the aiiiraanitioriaiiirauiiitiori i- eq have but oleone ke 0ofL jjovvderoibvder and ilollolaono cartridges I1L think it v ould be doodehodeood&ood to have another ne if yoayou pleaseglease tlecleveyle fired the calnoncannon once alaaldandana itIL badnadhad goodood eleffectfactfeetfect there is quite a lauiaibulalauiabernnjiberberben of indians in this vicinity they appear very frifriendldriendlfriendlyendlendi at present dutbutout they are very lulLuicertainuncertain the weather is very arnivariiivarini and the river is rising fast signed ILildiaildicslaickdlaickalcdiC I1 B illlantilantilantingtontujjtijingtonst3jj9

7 L D S journal historyliililrii story op cit prilpriiapril 171 1849 8 0 jf VJhitney op cit vol I1 p 423 9Q L 1D 6 Utournai hinihistorynistorysstoryt oryony op cit A prilapril 19 18491349 98

4A.4 month later under detedate of iiaylayaayay 18 18491049 slaickdlaickdliiick 13 huntingtonTT forarrorarcorarforwardedded another letter from fortbortyort utahotanutan to brighamdrigham115risham youngfyoun wiachwinch stated aiaoneaiconeanongamong other tiiintifintninseninss that thetiletiietlle indians were very numerous at the settlement elaalduldandelgana thalthabtnaana b tileytlleytneyaney appeared very friendly 10

the following day layjay 19 president righambighamjdrigham0.0 yoangyoung answered huntingtonhuntingtonsHuntinghuntHant ingtontons letter urging him aldandalid his associates to finish their fort immediately he advised thenthem to keep continually on their guard and not tobo admit the indians inside the stockade unless it were a ffeew at a time and then not ahenkhenghenvhen they verevenewere armed president young furtherfartherfurther stated that the colonists coaldcould not be too cautiouscautions nor too well prepared for defense since theymightthey nightmight be deceived by the apparent overkindness of the indians and at an unguardedunguarded moment suffer loss 11 at a council meeting held by the generalCreure neral utnoritiesauthorities of the lvormordmormonormorl church in salt lake city iviahiviay 27 1849 althaithwith brigham young presiding it was decided that lexanderaleaanderalexanderii williams and dijimickrnickanick B iluntingtonhuntingtoniiuntingtonunt ington should have the privilege of trading with the indians for the community and that ailall811 other persons should be prohibited under fine also that the traders

10 L D 6a Jourjournallialrial liiiiililhistorystory op cit lay 18 1849 11 ibid lsy1ayaay 19 1849 99 should be paid double wages when so erierlengagedgaged 12 in the latter

part of the letter from brighambrighambri ghan young to isaac Anigbee datedda dedoed liay 28 1849 part of alichanichwhich was austedauotedquoted in tletie previous chapter 131 president young informed iiiebeehigbeebigbee of this action of the Ccouncilbuncounc il and concludes with it will be better ffordorcoror oarour settlement not to be so familiar aithalthwith the indians it makes them bold imimpudentadentudent andanand saucy and will become a source of trouble and expense to you 1ileepdileep7 eepbeep the-thenthema at a respectful distance all the time and they will respect you the more for it signed brigham young1young14younga thus matters moved along at fiort utah with varying success aaringdaringduring the spring and sllsulersulensulsuusumnersummerer of 1849 but inillliikii spite of the precautions taken bjb the leaders to prevent conflicts open hostilities seemed inevitable kroufromkromrom the apparent reaction of little chief and his band of timpano6ostimpano&os etesutes after the skirmish at battle creek described in chapter V of this paper it appears that these indians did not seriously condemn the militiamilitiasmilitia1militia15151 but blood is thicker than vaterwater 11TT the relationship between the whites and the relnelredmenaen could not help but have beelbeerbeen strained from then on the breach in friendship appeared to be getting wider all titneanetiellehie time as tiietiletjie year 18491349 advanced

12 history of utah stake op cit layliay 27 1849 13 cf alteariteante p 75 141 L D j0 journal istoryistorystonyastory11istory 22op cit iaylayaay 28 1849 15 cf ante p 46 100 oidoldtfold bishop borderedmurdered in the midst of this grogrowingwinE tension betebetweeneliellgli the rv ort utahoban colonists and the tirrtimpanoosTimppaiio6osanoos utes a tragic circuscircuucircojistenceli stancestence occurred lboutribortriboat the first of august 1849 three of the settlers ichardirchardidchard z ivie Y rafusrufus stoddard and jerome zabriskie met an indian in the field near the fort called old bishopuishopbishooisho P ne nadaad jokingly been called this name because his appearance aidalaaldand gestures somewhat resembled those of the L ij 0j presiding dishop iewelliqevellbewell i IVh itneyhitney ivie claimed the hickory shirt the indian was rearingwearing was his stated that it had been stolen and demanded that it be divengiven up oidoldid bishop refused to givegive it up saying that he had bought it they tried to take it from him by force aieixe1ieilelle brevidrevidrevv his bow and in defense stoddard snot hilahimhildhida through the head killing him instantly decidingdecidingb to keep it a secret and fearing the results his body vas drapeadraped to the river weighted with rocks and sunisunk to ti-thele bottom lot getting to camp that night he vaswasmas soon missed

parties of indians searched for him all nihtni CD ht batbut his body was not found until the next day it sconsoon leakedleukedileuxed oatout as to who lereberewere the perpetratorserderpetratorsetra toistors Limmediatelyinelneimediatelime diatel Y there was ftgreatreat ex- citeccitedcitcitementanentamentementent among the redmendaamendedmenreamen rheykhey at first dendemdemandedanded the marmanmuniunlun derersdarers which vasweswas refused by the hiteswhiteswhitas they thelthen repairedrequired compensationco i pelspens u in cattle and horses batbut the colonists did notninnoininnothinlnothing to satisfy tneirtileirkneir demands shortly efter tnistianisil s borseshornorsesnor 17 les cidcgildid cattle of the settlers verewere fouldrouldfoundcound vvithith arrows sticking in 101 them and on several occasions persons vere shot stSL iailebaileunileunlievnile avayaway fronfrom thetiietile fort 16 james loffuroff one of the colonistcolonistss ststjfcodted later the men v ho killed tthe11 e lidianindian ririppedapedpped this bowels open and filled theltheitheiathelatheiu vithith stones preparatory to sinking the body j heiliellie indians assert that annually on tfcneacneie anniv- rT I1 I1 on ersary of ilslishis aeetideath the old bishopbishoprtdsashordshorhorL apappearsrearsreurs the bank of the I1 liverulver and siolslowlyly takes the rocks oleone by one out of his bowels andana tarostiiiovst adosaros then into ttheie Livediverrilverpilver then dis- appelappebappearsrs some wilitehite fisnermenfishermenfisiiermen have hatchedwatchedmatched in hopes of havinhaving an Litlitervieinterviewervleervie kithiithvith the bishopsbisnops3ishopsBisnops ghost 17

open carfare impendimpending ieariwhileleanvjiile the settlersseb tiersbiersbiens prepared for defense the militia drilled daily s before stated ieterpeteryeter 111I conover avesvvesas in coiiiaandcoiljiiand vith iiii T thonasthomas and cr T iliisilis lieutenlieutenantsaltsants 1lilesillesi ileslleslies leaverleavendeaverseaverseaven adjutant and josephjose ph clark sergeant guartG aarjsaaresguardsIs erevere posted at lightnight and arnedarmed herdsiueherdsmeni on horseback kept the stock from dein driven off during the day in spite of this vilvigvigilanceilanceliance cattle and horses vere stolen frodrofronfromi tilietidletimeting toLO tinetime by the indians and the colonists vereiereberevvere ordered off the landlend vithith serious threatschreats if i 0 they failed to leave 18

open conflict at this tiuetldetime vv1vveavasvvasas1s probably delayed by the arrival of the california eiiigrantsemigrantsliililIii grants mentioned in the

I1 previpreviousous chapter vhovvhsvvho cacampedaped nearnegr the ontfiort1 ort1iort for four or five

16 gr 7q beanbea n appp0 cit p 500 the dailldailydally enquirerlinquirerquider op lovember1ovembernovemberLo7 27 ts94f94 and the statefastatementstatemalent made by james cit vemberyoung cune q bean to brighamri ham janecane 12 7 1841854 quoted inilliri history of utah stake op citc it january 1850 171 history of utah stake op cit january 1849 181 i gotottfredsengottfredsenG tfr eds enr op cit p 23 102 TQ weeks 197 under date of october 15 1349 isaac iaigbeexiigbee aroteirotewrote to president righambighamidrighaja youayounyoung from bort2ortitort utah reportincreporting that the indians had beelbeen troublesome for several weeweeksCs rilerriethe savages had shot at jabez i owland4oilandhoilandbowlandow ianalanaland 2i T thomas anda rig110 james ivie killed two animals bebelongiabelonginbelonginglongin to the settlers and stolen some corn some of the colonists had told the indians that they were angry consequently the main body of the indian encampment marched out of their candcacampmd toward the fort and then halted three of their riwabermaberlumbernumber totwo of whom were naked and unarmed bithvithwith one carrcarrainecarryinecarryingyinE a stick irithwith feathers tied to it advanced and met representatives of the colony outside the fort ththee L1diansindians then stated they had heard the whites verewerewene angry withith them alandanaid had come to make deapeadeacepeacece 0.0 deacepeace coukcouncilriciiricci aaswas then held in which the calumet vaswas passed around aleverhoeverboeveraoeverhowever the indians still persisted in stestealingalirEulineuling and ivverewenewengwere very daucy3aucysaucy annoying provoking threatening to kill the nenmen and take the 20 wwomenom en younyounsyoangyoung president brigham C sent the follovincfollowingollovinC letter in reply addressing it to president isaac hi&baeriigbaeriigbae under date of october 18 1849

19cf19 ante p 77 20history20 history of utah stake ff op2 cit october 15 1849 103 dear brethren in reply to your letter of the alth15th insinslinsoc recuestirecurequestingestiestl ig counsel concerning the indians wee replylthith take care of yearyour corn brethren and eraingrainsragragna in of all kinds and pursue the coarsecourse dropoproposedsed in oarour forIdorzor1formeraleedleeLier letters and counsel to yoayou stockade yearyour lortfortlontfontdont and attend to yearyour own affairs and let the indians take care of tneirstheirs let yearyour aomenwomen and children stay in the fort and the indians stay oatout batbut while yoayou mix aithalthwith them promiscuouslypr anisonisamis cabacaoa slysiy yoayou mastmust continue to receive sachsuch treatment from them which they please to give this is what we lave told yoayou continuallycontinaallyaily and yoayou villviliwill ffindlidnid it traetrue let any man or company of men be familiar althaithbithvithwith indians and they will be more familiar and the more miliar yoayou will ffindind the less iafluenceinflaenceiafluenceinfluence yoayou will havefa-with them if yoayou woaldwould have dominion over thenthelitheirthemthedr fforor their good which is the datyduty of the Eidersliderseiderselders yoayou mastmust not treat them as yearyour equals yoayou cannot exalt tnemanem by this process if they are yearyouryoun equals yoayou cannot raise them apup to yoayou yoayou have beenbeell too familifamiliarfamiliorfamili&ror vithwith them yearyour children have mixed promiscaoaslypr 0 al scuously with them they have been free in yearyouryoun houses and some of the brethren have spent too nachnuchmachmuch time in smsmokinesmokanesmokingokine and chatting with them instead of teachinSteaching them to labor sachsuch a coarsecoursecounse has encouraged them in idleness slidandelidglagna ignorance the effects of nichabichanichwhich yoayou begin to feel yoayou mastmust lovlownovnow rid yourselvesyoayourelvesreives of t-tneseaneseese evils A steady and upright and persevering coarsecourse may yet restore or gain the confidence of the indians and yoayou will be safe yoayou had better finisia your fort brinbring all yearyouryoanyoun gigraingrainainaln into it and continuecontinae to live in it at present andnd when the town is laid oatout bullabuliabuild thereon as yoayou have meansr and the layaayway shall open hlayhayay the lord bless yoayou althaithwithith wisdom and direct your coarsecoursecounse in all things is the prayer of your brotbrotherbrothenlierikeniyer signed brigham yoang2youngilyoung2l

21 tf history of utah stake op 1 cit october 1813 1849 loh104 As the year 1849 dreadrewarea te a close and 18501890 began indian relations becanebecame so critical at iortrortbort utah that open warfare seemed inevitable the utes increased their depredations becoming bolderbolden andana noremore insolent daliydaily the colonists would occasionally rirefiredire theirthein calnoncannon as a warning batbut the indians werewene not awed by sound andana smoke stock continued to be taken from the herds and allailali efforts to recover stolenstoien property were stoutly resisted finally the indians begalbegan firing on the settlers as they traveled out of theirthein fortrortcort at last the colony aaswas virtually in a state of selgeseige io longerlongen was it arrows aiolealone that fellfelifeil around thenthem batbut bu-bal- letsllets whizzed past their ears 22 the indians were lownow wellweli sadsudsappliedsuppliedsappliedpiled with firearms and aiiimanition havingbaving secured them as related in the previoaspreviousprevioaslouskoas chapter from tlethe california emigrants evidently many of the indians were anxious to provoke a conflict keterreter conover relates in the winterwinten of 1849 the indians became very triabletroable some theyrhey woald lotnot letiet as go afterarter oarour stock or arter wood witnoat scootingsnootingsnoot ing at as ye patput ap witnwatn it antiluntil febraaryfebruaryFebraaryuary 180 trying to keep peace with them batbut allali in valnvain they called as oiaolaold aomenwomen andana cowards ana that we were afraid to fiantfignt with thenthem the sitaationsituation was getting very critical A letterietter

22 0 F whitney cit volvoi I1 p 424- 2 P W conover op cit p 9 105 was received in salt lake city january 9 1850 from

alexander I1 lliamsbilliamsvilliamsVi and others at the fort informing brigham young that the indians verewere stealing horses aldardand cattle and 0 threatening war 24T however although keenly interested in the future of a new colony president young until thetrie last vainly attempt ed to avert war he replied by letter to this latest dis- patch recapitulating the counsel previously given to the settlers he fartherfurther stated that there was no necessity for a fight with the indians if the colonists would act wisely in their contacts with thenthem helielleile warnedwanned the settlers if they killed ndiansindiansL for stealinsteahlinstealing they would have to answer for it lleclene then proposed for their consideration the follombollomfollowinging pointed questions why should men have the disposition to kill a destitute naked Indiaindianii who may steal a shirt or a horse and think it no harm when they never think of meting oatout a like retribution to a white man who stealsstea although he has been taught better from infancy i

llesblesLIesllessenersliessengerssengers bispdispdispatchedtchedached to governor Yyoun the inhadinhainhabit-bit ants of fort utah again patiently bore their losses and danger for a feafefew days longer dutbutout finally in desperation on january 31 1849 isaac idabeeidgbeeiiigbee sent leeterteeter V coiioverconovergonover andund ileskleskies leaverveaver by express to salt lakelake city to lay the case before

24of L D S0 ournalburnaljournalU history op cit JarjaljanuaryLuary 9 1849 25 ibid january 10 1849 106106log 26 brigham younsyoung making the trip in flourtounzounzurouroun hours by horseback

which vas ailallan unusualuinaulnaLina saalsualsuai fete they reportedreported coldcondconacondii gions ltjt D ort utah as extremely perilous rhey stated that thetiletlle brethren enevereere aneedaagreedreedneed in askineasking the privilepribileprivilegee of deredefedefendingbirgaingdirg thelltheLitheliselvesthemselvesselves 27 and chastisinchastisingC the indians govtrnorgovernorG ovrnor youn&younayoung upoiiupon receivingdeceiving tlde nesmesmessagemessagesaLesage found himself in a peculiar positpositionpositioiaioia it v as definitely evident that 1 jiekhe the colonists besieged in ItletheUA fort mustroastdoustroust be relieved at once

P 1 not only for their on sasaesI1 es but for the future ol01of ttneanelielle pro-ro posed colonies in otherotiler parts of utah vaileygalleyvalley zindclatilacnac nd southern utah i-lutluttlutcut noavnovv vasv as thebhe besbest b i ay to handle the situation 6.6 s stated adoveaboveaoove the ormon ieaderfslebder lifelong policy toward the redrecliiennelaennen vasds feed theiathelathem endandelid ilotnot01olu fight thetnejxii Agagailagallagainailiaillairi no louid thetiletlletiie autcutcutnoritiesoeloritiesori ties at asaingtoibshingtoiiI1 by whoa the petitionetletietitioneditiontion of deseret lorforror stltehoodstctenoodstatehood vasas then beindeine considered act if larroimproperlyerly informed regarding tnetiaeliae opening of arfurewarfarearcure on these erdserdellvardsards of thetee uoverniaentygovermaenttltty foto some sachsuch a thothoughtuht as this nigatnigntciiight seem irrelevant iloiboibovloeverever a deopeopeoplele like the liormons rhosenose every act cvineovineoving to prejudice exist- ing alainestagainstainst tithenthemleliielilell vasv as llabliablele to be misintermisinterpretedpratedpretedpr eted hadnodllalanga to beoe 28no cautiouscautions in every stedstepsledszepscepslep that adswdss t&ientaientalen

9 26 31 P Jd ooioolCoiconoverlover op ccitt p 9 272 L iD S journal historyi st ory 0 cit banuuanuJT anaryabaryanuryiv 31 149

2328 I- 0 ly 71litneyhitney71litney op citc it oliimevolllteolsime iL ij 44542 107 cagaptdinptdinpedin xiovrd stansbJtans durybury consultedoii s al te d ortalortanutelyortanortun telybelyutely in titneanele erriterritoryterritoryory alat tlaalathacthaoz thietkiethletliieakie there vs a uicitedunitediteaited statesstutes myeirmyearmy

cj loporuphical engineer expedition 1leadedieadedneadedL byoy captainal tuin ilolio110ilovhoarahoardnoardv ardara 29y stansbary previouslyreviously referred to vnoano was a sane level- headed unprejlldiceunfirejudice farfarseeingseeing aallandaliandan on ebraebraaryfebruary2ebruaryaryery 1 thetiietlle day follainfolloinfolloilnrolfolcoiloin the arrivaarrivalI of ttee courcourierscoaricouri ersLers froiafrolafrom fortbort2ortort utautanh

I soungoune a c c by ioharalohanaurioharaur CCI auntount accoiunaniedsiupaoiupa ni ed illiardbilliard ichcrdj lreorgelgeorge I C LD a ij aithjitht cnielacniel 1 eileells eedreeore0 ocellu callcelli- t andn d riiiiias allockullockijallocku1 entontt tto3 sartasartanjdpbain stijtansbliry1sburylss neduiartbrs theithelthen locatclocascloccitcdd n altaitsaltsait lakelekelerleledlad rce ilyullyoilyolbyiby eabidaxidcvJ discussed t1tatheliculc situtabionsitabionsi tuliontullontoitolt i vith llahla Cinclcnclnd nisilslis aid lieutenant J linnibonil oii 300 anentnen asraarasiedacieded btby C overuor oalouloan vhetvhahet t vleivielvievkiev tletheUJ ae overoverriienllaientfaient ojedojld probablyrob- bly tc Xne te clajtuincaptctin

ap a U lotriotnot only vdrmly provedapproved an expedition aullsacjinsuC ulloains the hostile indiansindiunsiiadiuls beslenbesieginginelne fortort olahutah butbabaobaubuuo essiessldjsdjsinedinedliedried lieuteiiantlientencint olandolcnd

1 0 i aaliaallaliallaiid r jdsluseeloiekloiel ca r-ke tto0 aaccoipanc c oa o a liylly ttlele eexediuionx eU I1 U I1 0 xee also colcoicontributediti ibuted liberally in rmycrmyarmyamy cdpcaiarcaiapcap ejuipmeienipiiientitu ullislullsuillllsis c4ncan nj animanitionaninaiyiunitionanim anition

111 1 U 11 e captainJapdapwap tairtain talisburystcinsburylsalisburyta lisbury s darty aurillaurili t tneane railfallzail of ilg119164913490 had bee surveyinlsurveying romidarouindcomid utanudall lake vierenerenerg they ere also annoyed by the savasevascvaessavaeesScsavagesvaosvaesEesfes s wiltedwinter cauleceule on ti-tlleytheyley sussuspendedsusendedeldedended their labors cndcedandcea returnedret urledarned toLO I1aitaltsaltseitseltD lake cityoltyj U feelinfeeliiifebeelinelin lisfiedsatisfieds6tisfiedsc that iiin ti-tlethee existexistiiiexistingiiiill state of ffaiisaffairs iiniriirlicici utahut a 1 i valley itiioo rouldvouldvvouildbould be both difficult and delgerdangerd&iiierou ous for thenthellthelithem to continue operationsopera lionsblons

29OQ cf ar-ateite appp 333433 34 30 L J 0 J ojrnal1 istoryixistoryastoryi story op ccitciuclu february 1 1501350 lobiob103 foriodror the time bellbeki exposed as they bouldvould be to trieteietele attacks from the inindiousmindiousdious eitlereitherelther in tietle open or in amcusli in his report to the federal government durtdurbpart of vxhich vas cjoted in chapter IV of fanisfcnis thesis captain stansbarystansbury made the follovving statement regarding the indian depredations in utah valleyvailey at this tinetime andana the conference avithvvith tlethe lorkor aonmenmon leaders after the pertypartygerty lertleft lake utah forcorron wilterwinter quarters in saltsait laaelake cityolty the indians becanebecame noremore insolent boasting of v hat they hadbad doledone driving orfoff the stock of the inhabitants in the southern settlements resisting allaliail attempts to recover them and finally firingrining upon the people themselves as tneyaney issued from their little stockade to attend to their ordinary occupations underunden these circumstances tneane settlers in utah valleyvailey applied to the supreme government at saltsait lake cityolty forror counsel as to the drogerproperproger coursecounse of action the president yves at first extreluely averse to tneane adoption of larsn measures batbut afterarter several conciliatory overtures ladhad beenueen resorted to in vainvaln he very properly determined to put a stodstop by foreeforce to further aggressions ahielabichahich if not resisted could only end in the total destruction of the colony leforebefore coningcoming to this decision tlethe authorities called udonupon me to consult as to the policy of the neasuremeasure andana to request the expression of my opinion as GO battbafthafchaac kievviev the government of tlethe united states nightmight oe expected to taketeke of it knowing as 1 diadladid nostmost of tlethe c ircumstancescircumstances and feeling convinced thcttact some action of tneane kinakind baldoald ultimately have to be resorted to as the forbearance already shovvii had beenbeehueen only attributed bo weakness and cowardice aldand haahad served but to encourage further and bolder outrages 1 did not hesitatenesitatenesitate to say to thenthem that in my judgment tle contemplated expedition against lhesechese savage marauders as a neasuremeasure lotnot only of good policy but one of absolute necessity and selfseif preservation I1 kaevknev thezhe leaderleaden of the indians to be a crafty aldand bloo- dthirsty savage vhoaho laaladhad beelbeen already guilty of several

31 cf alteante appp 0004333433 34 109 murders and had openly threatened that he would kill every white man that he found alone upon tiietiletlle prairies in addition to this I1 was convinced that the completion of the yet unfinished survey of thetiletiie laahtaahutah valley the cord-coming season mastmust otherwise be attended aithalthwithith serious dif- fificultyculty if not actual hazard and houldwould involve the a necessity of larlarelylargelyCD ely increased and armed escort for its protection such being the circumstances thee course proposed could not batbut meet my entire approval

Expeditexpeditioexpeditionexpeditionaryio force rashedrushedcashed to fortfontjortyortyont utah on february 2 1801850 brigham young called toEtogetherether a number of prominent military and civic leaders meeting iniiiill the council jlouserousesoosenoose in salt lake city the indian depredations at yortort utah were discussed and a decision was reached to subdue them ahthis1h is decision was endorsed by captain howard stansbury and general daniel li tellstelisbellsveils commander of the local militia in the i rovi sionaldional state of deseret who berewereere present general ells then made a public call for volunteers 33

the fallowingollowingfollowingollowing day february 3 captain georgeX eorge D grant of the militia fatheredgathered tneane first company of about fifty men at the bowery in salt lake city at that time captain stansbury wrote the following letter to president young understanding that your expedition against the utah indians is abouta0outaoout to slartstadtstart today I1 am anxious that you should have the use of everything I1 have that may be of advantage to its successful issue I1 have already furnished all the arms 1 have toetogtogethertogetheretherethen aithalthwith such other things as captain grant thought he should walitwant shoulashould there be anything else which at this late hour may occur to you I11 hope you willwili not hesitate to apply to llieme fforor it and should it be in my dowerpoerpower it shall be ctat your

32 illiliowardhoward stansbury apoppp cit appp 148149148 149 33 LDLDS journal ilistoryijilikiikil story op cit february 2 ibo1801850 110 didisposalsposa 1 I1 wishi sh articularlyparticularly to say that tthe services of drr blakebiake and lieut lioiidordowlanddowlhndland are to be entirely without compensation they bellabedlabeinobednobeing ulderunder pay of the overiiiaentGroverngrovernmentX ment and I11 hodehope4peape that they may droveprove serviceable to the cam- papaignilnaln 4 A second company of fifty volunteers zaswas placed under commandcofrhnanu of ajorkajor andreandrewundrew lytle gathering at diadladig1316 cottonseed creek making a total of about one hundred men for the expedition captain stansbury continuing his report part of which ilasriasnas already been quoted to the federal government states 4.4 force of one hundred melmen was accordingly organized and upon application of president young leave was given to lieutenant hollandhowland of the liountedLioun ted rifles then on duty vithwith my command to accompany the expedition as its adjutant such assistance also was furnished as it was in my dowerdowenpoerpower to afford consisting of araisarnisarnsannsarms tents camp equipage and ammunition on wednesday february 6 brigham young accompanied by ezraezna T benson and generalGreneral daniel ii11 rellsrelisbellsvells traveled to the rendezvous of the militia at Cottoncottonwoodvood where he addressed thentherathemtheda briefly at 10 aiaiaainalnama the troops started on their journey south 36b the next day february 7 the militia continued their march traveling all night in order to take the indians un- aiawaresdareskaresvares and secure an advantageous position rhefhe weather was

34 ibid february 4 1850 355 Lcowardhoward Jtansburystansbury op cit p 149 36b LDS journal history op cit february 6 1850 ill intensely cold tneretiaereetnere being nearly taotvotwo feet of snow covering the entire utah valley 37 it is interesting to lotenote that among these men serving 1 as subordinate ofofficers4 i cers elaeldalciandanciancl drivatesdrivadriveprivatesprivabesprivaorlarhDri vateslesbes were ijotejot inithsnithsmith robert 2 bartonburton james fergusonerg csoriusori and lliamallliamidlliamwllliamId ilxi idiaiimballcimballidiaballballbali who later

figuredrdr D prominently in the utah militia as generals the troops arrived after midnight which rouldwould be early in the mornmorninginZing of february 8 1850 38 A council of war was held immediately between the salt lake militia and the fifightinghtingahting aiendiendlenmen of ontortbortxort utah under captain conover plannplanningirigkligknig the

campalocampaignC n the next iaorningmorning me saltsait lake city men then were distributed throughout the cabins in the fort where they made theirthein aaaaartersquartersarters during the ceicaicelapaigiicampaign theyrhey then laid down on their beds on the floor tto obtain a feafewfeva hours rest before QQ the engagement in the morning 397 leanwhilelieanwhilemeanwhileileanmealLeanLieanmeanwhile the indians continuing their depredations and unaware that reinforcements were on their aaywayay to the fort stole four of hirs 1untsrxuntsants1 coscows out of the corral and killed thenthem 400 captain jefferson hunt as it will be recalled was aayaway from tithetlelietie fort at this time

37 ibid february 7 1850 38 i 1 burburtonburtonburbontonbon cited in V1 tulyuiyultullidge1idse op cit pdo 237 3739 j JT 1ulaulkulkuix lidgeulellidgeullidge2 idge 22ee22.22op cit p 237

40 vr op p rX 0 conover cit 9 c ifrxi IA

I1 L arlrrl Coii T kiiovcilovoovo

I1 I1 1I on 8 darjar councilcoiiiicil eeladeiadelanelaheld itt danaandawn february P 1350 tthehe ar couilcouiicouncilcilelleil started a fevhev1ev hours earlier iasaasvasjs continued at fort utahlitah between the militaryulluiluliitry leaders ifof thetiletlle tortfortrortdort and toe galtgaitsaltsaitdalt lake imilitiailitia it is oroproroucbleU C uiebleule tbtthet lieutenantmeuljAeutenant jovldnddo laiidlaiad 4 0ofL the united states eliyarlayrliy6rlay ishoiihoaihovno hadhuahud accodaccomaccoraaniedaciedanied the troops fronfrom salt lake city ssas adjutadjustcdjatantant iletlietbietiietet ithwilh thelitheiatheja also it vas planned to aseuse bothbochbodhbo ch Laililailitiasniliticsstiestias iniiiliilil burrousurroundinghaing the indian fortifica- titionsoris vithvitilith each military leader ivelbivelivenI1 certain resresponsibili-P 3 cisibili ties lthoufilthoaghlthouF h not revealed in the records in detail it can beoe correctly assumed 3 dariiioduringCD the var coufcouncilicil held in the early borninomorninomorningCD hours henahenvhen the troops first arrived from seltseit lake valleygalleygaileyvailey aiandld continued at this time that a military in- ventory vas tataeltaenL en iiicludinfzincluding a count of the total number of fighting men and the supplies both in arms lnaendaliaallaena food available likewise the contour of the possible battle groularound vasvaswas re vievedviewedvievved and the strengstrengthth of the enemyeuemycuemy evaluated

i reconnoiter of the enebinemyninemy the timpanogosTimpanogos utes in utah valley at this time vere under the coircofrcommanddianadlanawiand of chiefs likeikelkdiadik variously referred to as bilbig zikelkhikilkjik ciaclacidold eleeieelk etc and

1 R 1 thomas op cit p 20 113

ope carry or stick on tlethe ead thenheA latter waswusus a superior

chief and lijalijlikeilke1 e soiaiettesowiettesoaSowSoiAsova iettelette aaswasA as inclined to be friendly vith the whitesia4hites batbut bioblobig dlaelkdialiaiia who was brave cool arandaldardd determined staldingstanding over six feet nighhigh vaswas the greater verrivarriverrlwarrioror udonuponup 0 n

L him rested the burden of the resnesresponsibilityC onsibi ity in the fightfight there is a vvariancer laiiceladice of 0ir4opinion31 aasS to lowOV- xiianylialla Iylrdaansindians verewerewera engaged in tlethe kbattleattiebattlebattieoattie tullidge records tathatthaba t jig elkblkbikillk had tt under lishisbis concomcoluidndanaand in the enientegciaentencgeientU boatbout seventy warriors epsy janejarie Villi7illiarasvilliarnsmilliarasarns 1laceace da lighterdaughter of lexanderalexanderalgxander n illiilliarlisartisarLis an officer in the zortportyort utah militia states howeverolieverovieverovi ever thaltha b there heneerehere ftoneatoneone landrealandredhundred and ten indians in number vhoaho opened fire on the cavalry 3 the records of conover thomas boothriooth and iihitney do iiotnotbiot nakelaakemakelaako ailallan estiniaestimatete althougalthoughA all aareeasreeagreeree that the indians1ndiaas 1iadhadhodlad a poerfaleopo erfalerful balabanaband possessinglosiosjos sessing ariasarlas equal to those of the expedition sellsenz oatout against tilem their simsgimssums and aamunitionainanitionaamunitionammunition as noted above had been principallyriaciciaci ailyally supplied by tradinctrading their horses to the california emigrants the indians greereterevere strongly eltreeeLtredentreeentrenchedched in the willow brush and cottonoodcottocottonvoodcottonwoodcottonnoodvood timber along the river bottom on the east side of provo river about a mile or two above the fort near the present river bridge on highway 91 they were protected not only by a six tobo eight foot riverriverbandriverbankband but also by

2 1 Ej I tullidgetuitulTallidge cit p 237 3 12psyapsypsyapsy janejangJ aneang lilliams laoelracezacelacey op cit p 1 114 a breastworkbreast jorjworjworkz of cottonwood trees anichwhich they nadhadnud feliedreliedfelled earbynearbyil and alnostaliuostlagnost directly east stood a double 106log cabinca olnoin facing the river built by james bellibelllbeaubean who because of indian hostilities had deserted it and novedmoved back to the fort ththee indians had taltaitcientulenscienen possessiondosoos session of this cabin and had fortified it also 4

trotroops take their positions last 1inuteivlinatetinute tracetruce sosought about sanrisesunrise the troops left the fort captain peter conover companiaccompaniacaccompanyaccompanieded by lieutenant it1 T thomas withith the major portion of the fortort utah infantry about sixty men according tobo conover crossed the river at the fort aldandalid marched up the cortinortinorthwestluiestjuiest silsllsikslaesideie to a point opposite the indian ertrerichmententrenchment from where the attack vwass made the streaiistreainstream at this point runs generellygenerally in a southwestersouthwesternsouthwesteriiii direction lieutenant alex-blex ander williams aithalthvithwith a smaller part about thirty of the local lalralraimilitialitia marched apup thebhe southeast dankbankbenkgenk of the river 5 captain george 1D grant at the same time with his mounted men marched toward the indian camp taking vithwith them dimick B iilinailinHantinguntingdingtonadingtonton the ontzortzontort utah indian interpreter ththee salt lake 11ilitiaivlilitia waswesas likewise divided by cacaptainotain rantgrant with part of the troops oinggoinegoing on each side of the river in pur- suance of the plan to surround the indian encampment with

4 1 E W4 duilduliTalltalliesetallidseruirulfallidgeFal idseliagelidge 22 cit appp 237238237 238 5 Fp 7.7 conover op cit p 9 R T thomas op ccitit ppeappp 26272627026 27o27 115 6 the tvo forces 6.6 field headquarters vasas set up leerilearnearneer a deserted builbulibukibuildingdinS about a half a lilealieblieaklemile aoidolaondonn the river from 7 the lealleanbean cabin now occupied by the liindians Arriviarrivingnf near the indian ffortificationortiI1 leation dimick huntington called oatout to the chiefs fforor a talk stick on the

Aleadzeadhead came oatout and talked at length ithvith huntingtonhanthunt ington helieilelle ivasvesa s inclined for a treaty of peace seeing the force that had conecome against hisnis bandbunabund he foresaw doadoaadooma to his iwarriorsarrlarri ors if they persisted in their hostilities aialdandid provokedprovolced the battle lloIloizohowevervever daringdarlngduring the parley between him andalidana the interpreter the influence of ilslisdiodlodig llrkcllrklk prevailed vitiithi the arrlarriorswarriorsvvdrriorsarriors vnoanomnoho opened ffireirelnekne hereuponvvhereapon captain rantgrantG ordered his troops to retarnreturn the fire the battle vs thasthus begalbeguebeganbegunbeguu 8

firstfinstyinst Ddayts A s38ssaaltssssauitaaltauitault therhefhe battle daringduringaaningduning the first day was a boatboutabout an even match iduchivlachgiduch of the fighting vasas done in traetrue frontier manner every man took care of himself andacidana as many of the elieelleenenyenemymv as he coaldcoaidcould 1197 concealed behind their strong fortifications the indian arriorsarrlwarriorsarri orsons kept the militia at bay antiluntil evening the savages oalawoulda freafreqaentlyfrequentlybentuent ly dash forward from their entrenchments deliver their fire theathen quickly

6 0 E1 71T tullidgetultuiTallidge op cit p 237 7 0 F iaitneygaitney7hitneyIa itney cit vol I1 p 427 8 W7 tullidgetultuiTallidge cit p 237 9 0 B huntinctonrianthuntingtonriantingtonington 22op cit part II11 p 54 116 reretreattr ea-t they aisodiscalso made holes throanthrough the sno orioclon thetilezhe balkbuljbank flichalichvnicn vas totvo feet tltnicicanicicic ulaalqanaa a puttingluttluto ng therheuhe muzzles of ttheirkiekaekleekhee r culsbulsgurisyans taroulcaroultnroasntl a tneseanese novel loop nleshieshle6nieshleb delivered theirtueirti11aireieeleeir fire ing by raisnaisnalsraisinginelne thelitheil heads abovedboved cove the bank for bu moment to taketeke zimjim 10 it vsas fromfroni thetrie double lo10iollolioeloe101 cadin previoaslypreviously lientionfaention

I1 edea noeverhowever thttildtaht the indians vere nostmostmo5tiii05tmoat effective in jseepingielpiieeping at bay the militia rinfinfintindintinfi6htin6tin oiion tae southeast side of the river the redskinsredskins keptkept up a continuous lirefirerire from itsioslosiilscs wndowsendowswindowindovvsL vvsyus and crevices 11 ceanMeanmeanhilemeanvnilemeanwhilehilehiie helheuahenvhen captain conover and his men arrived opposite tletheble indian fortifortlfortificationcationcatlonlicationlibationLi across the river they noticed that some of the indian horses were betweenbetvveenoetween the encampment and the river imovinglnowiwg hono tiietiletrie indians dedepend end onou tneirkneir horses iniialiaija battle conover sent R T thomas and robert hurbuthagoathugbut across the river which vasvvsvos fallfullcuilduliduil of floatingiloatirig ice to get the horses their mission wabvaswasvab successful due in part perhaps to thetae fact that the indian defenders enevereveneere at that time foc- using their attention on aptaincaptainC Grauralrrdiitsgraritsgrabitsritslits melmerimerlmen on the southeast side llastliastjustjuetjuez as they vereere coming up the nortnwenortnvestst ca-danedankrik the indians noticed them andanaanu 0opened fireLkiekleire in that direction if it aadnad not beelbeezbeen for cilaacin overhdn6iioverhanginglg1616.16 lilijolijiknolibo tiiocadstaomastnomas ciaiasciakasclaims he 10 V caliidtulliderulruicallidtullidgeTullideildee op eilcitellelteitCJL 28

11 01 0 jf litneybitneyhitney QJJ cluciucioclocig iolloivolol i1 appp 4 6427u 642427 i-

117 oiildwould have been struck by a rifle balldalldailbalibail 12

aisxiss stated earlier in this chapterc L ap oer much of the fifight-ht ing in this battle laswasvas dividuallyindividuallyiiiill done to illustrate peter conover relates the rolfolroi1 loingolloingfolloingolfollowing published in the daily tlnquirertfznquirer11 I1 heard six shots histlehistiebistlewhistle by my head but 1 couldnt tell hereiherechere they came fronfromfroin one of the balletsbailetsbullets came so close that it left a red elteitkeltkeitwelt across my cheek itlt felt like a hot iron passing over my face fterafterlifter the sixth shot had been fired 1 caught sight of an indians head stuck from behind a tree 1 fired aithalthkithvith the intention of knocking his eye out but 1 vas a little too quick and hit aimalmnimhisa on the cheek helielleile leverreverneverceven fired any moremorg after yne 11 that the blood blinded nL therherne indian vas Fishemanfisherman viee became LDgreat frienuslenusfriends on the otherocner side of tae river one indiaiindian posted iniiiill a tree to taietaze and reirejreportort nisuishisbis observationsobservarionsobserve lions vasas8s slotshotsnot andalid killed by albert lileskilesi iles of the saltsaitbaltbait lailallake1 e men from a considerable distance lilesiLllesliesliesles asked lieutenant lovlandnorlandil to loan him his smooth- bore rifle ith vhicnvhicli 0einfoeingbeing a capital mdricsnan he brought the indian don 141 ebrybearyeany1earyeary ith the futile efforts to dislodge the indians and nearly perishing vith the cold the militia returned to theuiulieulleie ffortfontortont at dardark fterafterarter sudlersudiersapper alotherknotneranotnerkother council of sarvarar vasas held among the leaders of the uitbitaltsaltsait lake troops and tltee local militia lieulleulieutenantLieatenant Joi vilandlovland of captain tansbarystans3tansburylsbarysburys codlaaiidcommandcojmand

12 2 thdiaathonasthomass op cit p 2 13 ann old veteran tt article in therhe daidaldailydaliy 1nqunciiirerirelnekne r provo utah archlarcnlaran 26 1891 14 E i tullidtuliidiallidee 0 cit p 28 lib118113 waewasas also present it 7asttlasatlasvaserrasergas decided to taetaketaxe the lol101loglo10 cabilcabincabiri in aichhichihichchich the indians vere locatedloca tedteabed taetyecne lextrextdextnext day at allailkilkiioil611 cotscoc3tcocots lleulieulieutenantLieatenant loldloldnjnJ vnoanov111io vas11tas experiencedex erienced in iaethoasiiletietketlaocis ofor assault also sulsuggestedsuoge sted a novaavableovableoleoiejle latterybatterycattery vvhichV aiclaice 1 vasas completedc3fullietealieted tlethe 1 next day it vasvaeas bubuiltzitkit in the foraformcorraforr-a of anun I1 ianvitiivitaiitn tvotwo inch plankspicnics laid up eddeieddeledaiseedeiseed Leielsedeideleisee oron the top of the rulrucrunnersmers the outside vasjs screened vibnvith brush chilevnilevhile inside there vereere hunehanghung loosely baflslobuf1lalo robes lnaandendena blankets to stop the fforceorce of thetiletiietlle balletsbullets sllouldbouldslioald ti-tlleytheyley penetrate tthroah1irouhphroah the tLtimberiberss 151 jodo muchmaanmacn deterlidetyeterlideterliinationerLi lnatioii vas exhibited djby thetiletiie iridiciridiuinaiansindiansns and sachsuch a desdesperatezerdiezerdte defense mrmademedeQ de that it vzvss decided toGO selaseluserasenasenu to laitzalt lukeLBKC city for eneralgereralgeneralG daldanieldaiiielaiel li ae 7eellseilstisLIJS to totaletauee perspersonalonalonaioLal

1 command idichiiichvuiichvucich he alddiaaidaigalg oatout he1 le aidxiiidialtu arrive antiluntil afteraften the secondsec endond daysday 1 s elaeluena extent one small band of nidLidindiansianslans caapedcampedca aped on the southwest side

ae of the river nearneer the fort headed by iinkatovnkatovatsats fulgidrulruifullidfallingefallidgeFalliagelidgeU7e spells it ilintalintntongaeraguernguer continuedcoltincontinaed to be friendly vithwitia the whites they came to the fort oilorlorion februaryleuraJebradeuraary 8 asking peace in retarnreturn for 0aldaidid peter fJonJojonoverconoverfjonoverovernover relates

je tiaouthaouthoachtUht e lladaldhod betterdetteroetter orilorindrin thelltheilthelatheia irtointo the ort so they coaldcoaidcould liotfiotflotnot telegraph iovenentsiilovelients to the other lidielsdiaLsindians luetheiberhe next morning febraaryfebruaryfebruqryFebr aaryuary 9aj9j I1 took ten LIraeiiradiien undaladaradblad 119tt over before suisulsunriseirise andanaanu bioubrouoroafaiit them into thetiletiietlle ort

1rar tulliatulliutallidetaitallidestuiTallideildeee loeloctoeTOC11 cit 10 T lb r Jojanoverjonoverjon3vernover DGqu cit p 9 119

1.1 u111 aed 1 e liilelailelieile in theI lortfortrort tlaejtlethe ereveievere 1ediealeaed cbiciuicia rotectedprotectedjrouected aandid at

1 1 1a e sasadesude U L ilke31e ttheI odesalezeele tilielaekae server ass scoutscoutss forfroror 6uleuhe1 idlliidaliniiliticnihilitictiltiu

the secondJe corid daldazdastdayt as fight Turtur11yurlinaturning11 i 31ointpintnt inetherne battle wasas resulresumedledaedied the liellenextit mornin Jebrajebraarydebrairebruaryary 9 vitvithoutwithout1 thhout0 u t lluchliuchluchauchiuchiinch success at first for the att8circafctckin forces but before thetiietlle dajdayaay avasvvas over ttheh e ttidetldeid e of babattlett 1 e i aass turnedburledburnedL ur I1 ed ah2hrneruee bbattlebattiet U 1 positionss i ti a 0off tbee

D al z previousprevPr e v ioasiouslousu s clayolaya y vereer e generallye ii e r a 11 y ttueltdenadentuen1 1 abinajinguin3 1 L aalbhoiihL 0 a i hiorechiore0 i e 0off tthehe fort utahulahubah 1L ilitiaalitia121itia ere disptcdispfccneded to ttneanee sout1soutasoiithecist11elsthelst baibalualbankbanhil of

the irovobrovoAL rovo tiverliverfiveralverdiver lieutenant lexlexaiderlexanderlierlleraideralder ulidtisilliamaslillilli ambsamas led ten of tlethe local infantry tntnrolighroLiGh tiietllethetile heavy brusibrnsnbensni drivingariarldrivintvine apup the river from the aay fort to i-lutroutboutdoutut any adadvancevaicevalcevelce liidi6iiindibnindign patrolpatroipadrol liolloI1hoiio layiay have pushed forvurdforward frol ttneirkneir1Iaireir ain eiarelcilaeientrencnieixfcIL his littleli blie colodnycolpdnypa iiy Ssafsarsuru f feied heavily flofiofrofrolfroiaroi casuulticasllultiez villiaiils I1lliselfhiiiselfLLIs eifelf as v bandedoanded

tle 01-1 xx uee 177 elaulaatlacindatna oosephdosephose il liigbee titiei e onlyly soleoasoneona of isaacjlsdac iibeeL bee vas killed

2hutrhcitbhut xjornin before 10 ososephe left tiletiietlle fort ilelleliene had a strong presentiiaeitpresentiiiient of lipeidiiliipendin ddneraleradneranerlaernaer andendemild reiarkedremarked about it before leaving thetiletiietlle house islis sister 4 jiaandaaaridabadidahadidaacarida advised hlnhiaahiaam alderulderanderunder sachsuch feeldeelfeelingsI1 nbsngs rotnot tobo 0 o but lehe reilesiesrepliedlied thattiialthialu even if helieblekle kleknekneviknevvv

1 tthat1 latlet he vasas oinieoinfe to be killed he bouldpould still 0 o slicesince others baldtouldbouldoald1ould be ririskingskinE their lives also ihenaherjhenhenjher the indians erevere encountered llene vithorith otothersereareers solititsolitisjouoltsouisoulsoLilittit protectionrotection I1ilellee aandild

17 jpsyepsyapsy jane illicillicnsillions ns tacebaceirace ap2p0 cit p 2 120

1 a cocomradeirade eie cconcealedolceonce led bebellidbeiiidi 1.1 d 0 ffallenleliellen lo10 iss partnerp eliILI r tiitil er

7 sabsavsa v ana n I1indianii ii slipersnipersrierleri e r enoseivnosei 0 s e uliiulliL uilullLLII i csC s pointedo07 i tedtea iilliiiicilleileihlLL their direction nigbee saedskedasaeiaskel if it ouldvolildzuidouid be safe to look over tletithetiletiietllele loeloolog lisais1 xisi s aey friend irnedvrnedbirnedirlea againstagainsba t aiiistaigistL it batbut josephjosejoee iai1 gary4cacaryeary from the crlcracrampedped position andalidana iiiteiinteiseintenseinteiseiselse cold decided tobo veiturevelltarevectureveLL tareture a sarveysurvey tahyahrherhae moment his head aappearedppeared above the loliol101lo10 thetnie redsredskinin fired the bullet passing titiroughthroughthroughrough his necknecilneca kilikillkillinginfing iaialllalila aliaostaliiiost in- staststantlyantlyn tlyaly 18 karlybarlyariyarlylarly in the afternoon materiamaterializinenaterializingmaterializinglizinE the ilanplanpianllanlian of the previous lueidelugnightht of taking uhe leunbeanheanldeanjdeen cauin at all hazards captain rantarranterrantgrantJ ordered lieuteiiliitlieutencntlieutenantLieutenaltcntant 7illiai d liliballkiaballkichickimballKiaLiLkimhimballbaliiball ivithith fifteen lackedjackedpicked cavalrycavalrymenaelaen to chargec1aarrcnargee on tibe cabin to getet Possesspossessioniori of it alaandana open firelinefinerine adonudonaponupon thetae idiariidiartliindian stiostrostronghold1I holdhoid at close raleranerankerunkerange iiiaongliong those iaotaovao articipatedparticipatedpcrticipoted in this charge one of the roost spectacular exploits of the campaign vere lot dithadithanithAaithalth robert T 1lartlurtuartlartonlurtondurtonon james ser6usilleransonergergusonergnsonusonnson jpnraimphraiifi i clanksblankslianksy henry j olnohnohnsonsor ishaiaishariiishaza iyllylrlynlyn orson K v&itney zohnjohn murdock 19 ii J pendleton and barneyarney raddvardvadd the little colacoidcoldcompanybany3anypany olof01 cavalry proceeded lipuipulpup the river bottom uilintiljintiltiitil they vedeverev edeere nearly opposite the log house thtletherhee cofcorcommandamandomandamana zasvaswas giveniven to charge dashinedashing forward through a ravine that for sesonesome monentemoments hid theiathelathemthein from view the horse

1 is J 3 booth ODop citc it 0 7j J jensend elsenensen apop cit P 54 19 0 ulidui I1 litneytleygney op Ceitciteltit ip 427 121 men eiaereibereredeineredmineredeiaelaeinereaed adonudonullonapon the 11ficdicdiz t aiandd erevere itidriwithinitidrimcimcl a feienlenaea1ea lodsrodsi oasous of tietle lousehousebouseI1 vaeltaeniaenaaenvjien a roaring volley irah1raufrocaarauaroca uleuieune indianlailalidi n fortiiicaufortificationfortificauionio i aietixetlietlaetbletabet theuthenthou ishaia lyliylzlyizlyalyni i as ioundedvoandedboundedvoanded aialdand111 the ciar6ecndroandrocnarelaroe b s momen- tarily cichecrcecileczeeaee ed rheaheihe2he troops dasieddciseddaisied oiox however tiietlleblie Isidindiansianslens

tlletiie a from titlethetilele cabin diakinnakinanakinvjiakin flyixiflyingLD retreat to thetiue bankbauk of tlethe river vvhich vsv s about fifty yards vestiest of ttxie1eae hoasehouse thrhefhee firstarstfirst tvatvotv3 cavalryiaen tto reach ttheie ccabin everevvereere ltlot siiithsluithsimith aiandid robert T hurtonburtoneurtonburtton iho succeeded in riding their horses into

tleune 102103 the paspassagesaeLD ththcjhcltt divided thetiie roolreousroouss of tiecne daubledzubledouble lo10loliolloalo2 ihoasehouselouse of slichjiichjaich ttheyey took possession thetiietiletlle indiana quickly recoverrecoveringji i fra ttethee surprisesarsuraaririseoriseprise of tltheie chchreachrealereerle firedfired frold tltneirkneirleir entrenchiententrenchment on the redreareuaremaretainderreuainderinderkladekinde of the detaildetacldetachmentzaelitzaeiit ithibaiibhulluliuia suca force that the troopers had toDO toskeuu e sisleitereltereitershelter anderunder the end of theme houseiiousegiouse batbut half of their best horses vvlereererecewereeteerg killed aliostalbiostalmost Lwiediatelyiiauiediately letvueen the volleys sosoneae of ti-thele aeideideleni dlrtdartdartingineklekne abouarouaroundia tltneanee corner of tietle

C n 0 houhousese L- iind ti-thele inside nile others waited until an open-en ing vasiesves laaeiadeludeaadeulde in thetineting rear

icerfteriferafterU thetine cavelrycdvairycav8lry chcharcedrecre a sdualiduailsjiiall c onipanycomuaiiy o-of fortfontyontort utahulahulab infantry teiteltenI1 inlu nilllberiauaiber olderulderonderluider J abazabezjabezjubez 6.6 x ololcandolmandaimvla1ddindcanddand ere lleolieoelsoolsobisohiso ordered to charlecharcechancechargechange oilollon the 1-hoasehouse11 ouse to sulsuisapporlport lnetiietiletlle cavalry iIilichaichviivil hichiiiichich they heroicallyneroicellyallyeily did they took a sasaesav aiandanaICI elian aaeaxeaze and reirecreachingichicelichicilIch itlliCiLitle tletheuleuhe cabcabilcabinlillii eatcatcut zilallan entrance iniiikiikli the rear joneoiaoiolaoid a e holeverhowever0 4 ever ent aroundbrounabroundlroandlround the corner into thetiietiletlle passage alaandalaaalnaana wereere fireddired on by the

bjoland oione tulleulie ii vas snot tiietileche savaLessavages jabez ijoland bellibelllbeinobeingCI ie of thelltheiitbelltheia iniiiliilil tlie 122 nose as he rourroundedded tletietle corner 20

bnerabner blackburnidila cr burlburn iluliuporouslyliiiriorouslyorouslyorously rerecordscorAs tncttnzttact jabez x o- a vercyaverry e gide land had iverryverry larlargeCDC D nose 3 aishisaks rireeifevirevirevife told liuniahialimhim l-ini thetidetlde room- ing if heae vasys shot it bouldoliedolildvould be iniiiillirl his fioselosenose aialdandid sure enough 21 he 1aaa QsS r21

leeineoeeineoeeing that nethingsometldirsonethingsomethingso L vas kronbronb altaaitaaitaiiiajjtainiii 1arantjrant13trant re- quested cyruariliyrili 3 clawson loto10 ride tdto the cauincabinca oilolnoin and ascertain ahatvhstvhatplatplet vas needed ineinadnaie iazardousiiaardouishazardous feat haswas successful aandanand returninEreturninereturningretlirning reported a need for sursurgicalicalkealkeai aid heI1le and his cousin stestephenphen elsey4kenseyensey a surLeonsurgeon then rode backbacic to the lolioklok101lo10 house AsIs they returned they nairolynarroilynainalnarnarrowlyrolyroily escaped beinlbeidlbeing killed although neither vas harthurthanthunt olaeone bullet passed near clavsoisclavvsonlsolavClavsorssois head and through Yinsetsinseyskinsey hatilat and another through ilseyinseyicinseyjlinseylsiC trousers 22 leanwhilekeanmeanwhileLeaneal eaneanwhwhwlliewhilei 1 e after hellheklbeinbeing constructed aldand transtransportedported to titiletllethetiieie front lines tetle icveable1oveable battery vvhich iiiatiliihtliliii at be called the forerunner of the modern battle taretanhtanktanetanc lenti ent into action this pointed barribarricadecade behind viiichvicichvvhich cuitequite a sulibernulibernuraber of lienllenlelen could take shelter and fire without being iauchlauchmuch exposed as pushed toward the iiidianindian stringstrongholdholdboidbold the indiansindies ns cominEconiingdecominebecominebeconiingbe

20 J W1 tullidtullidgee cit appp 238239238 239 n0v F litlintvidt ney op cit vol 1 p 428

21 JL blierbaierbxieribiier blackburnulackburnolackulackcilackburiiburldurlburn quoted iniiiill rovo ju loneerLoiieer orxiionivordon cicityolty 22op cit p 57 22 0 SF lkalvaivafliitneyitne y 0 cit vol I11 appp 42842426429428429426428 42942 123

i thoroughly alarmed aatU the ziptigaigaproacneroach of tiiisthiis sstrengestrangek range obobjectj ectact terevere demoralized and iiin saperbitioaosu UL tieuti3u feareurear planned to retreat ihicachicavhich they dladiadidcliaclid that eveiiiieveningiai6 under darknessdarerlesskriess 23 artillery walswuswaks employed against tlethe indians daring the tvotwo days batbut accordaccordingaccordingin6inaing to Ininitneyitnitneyitney since the indian en- trenchtrenchmentment vasas anderunder the river bank most of the balls passed harmlessly over 24 tuiTultullidletallidfeetullidgelidLe claielalelaiciaiiisas novvevernovnoyevernoyeverbevenkevenvever that this callcailcan- non avasvvas effective sighting as proof ththuttactthctt a dead squaaquasqaav vas foandfoundboandrefoundr1found in a wickiup ith her legs catcut off by a chains110tchallchailchain snot 25

johnjohll EJ booth adds A ceicaieelealmoncannonmon vasas planted behind the lines and brought to bear on the bealbean hoasehouse herewhere the ind ians verevenewerewene entrenched one shot going right roughtiltiitnroaghtiirough it 26 an amusingamusin story is told by the settlers reregardingarding this canloncannon 4A.4 dutchmandutchDatcholanoianqian vaswas ththee firstdirstdinst to fire it and being informed that his shots verewere oinegoingolne over the icxciapsvvickiaps shoutedshoashou ted ffbyfabyby boyspoys elevate it a littlelittie lower I1 at this point rileyhiley G clark of the local militia saidealaeelaseideald ulveorivegivegrive me the cacamboncannonmaon and liollohishiohid ffirst shot ventyent ttnroaghh r 0 u h a vickievickiuvvickiapP lichbich aasvaswas thoutphoutthoaghtthoughtU to be the one that eatcatcut the squaaquasqaavs1.1 legs off 274

23 0 FJ writneywnitneymnitneyMnWn itney laoclocIQC cit 24 lemiemibidJEM P 42727 25 2 17i tutallidgetalledgeTalyulyuiilliii111ilagelidgedsease op cit p 239 20 J E boothbootnbooth6ooth op cit p 7 27 g W tullid6etultuitallidgeTaltalmidgelidge op cit p 423939 124 bout S pm nostmost of titletiethee jortzortort utah militia and the cavalry on titlele ontorthvestorthvest sieslue of the river vere ordered to return to the fort 1clileniilewiile t loseiose oi-oni tiietiletlle soutiiecsoatieostistast ideslaesideslag re-

1 conr oo cora mained for an lourhoarloudhourhoac or so lonrlongerC er to susupport00 ort the companyalyany in the ioslosloclog cabin the firlafiring1 betbetweenleen the liadiindiansansuns andailaallaana the vaiiteswhiteslitesaites vhoahov ho reremainediain6d Llastedted until after 9 pm and so vigorously vosvas it kepte pt up that the hole battiebattle area vas illuminated 28cy edthithvdth the flashes of fire gradually as ti-tlethee nicnichtnightht advanced the firinbirinfiring ceased and the troops litilimpeddedped baalbaclbacboc lobo10 the fort viileniile1 I le the nelnenmene r veree r e onu theU he balebattlebuttlebuttieaiehieU lines the v oraen and older children of tle fort did heroic vork typically ical of this devotidevotionor is a descrideschidescriptiontioiitiomi of tltheie activities of apsypsysy jane ildl 1llaliai as racezacea c e I1 vasa s a yyolinyouinun jirijirlirilriirl atab thetxheexhe ttinetimeliale tthisis haphappenedeleene 1 narnuriI1 ur sed aadand took care of the bounded70rouljounrounanaedandedjoundedaedded and cooked for eiiteenei iteen of the ootCotcottomoodCottocottomondtoinitornimoodood company1311.31 oiapany at honelaonehome besides our onown family and then afteracterartenurceraf cer 9 pupm I11 weltwent to the bishopuiuishoplashopslaskopsLA shopSshodshopshope isaac 1 idebelidebeexiigbee and cooked for uai7iilliam11 i ac1I imballiimballcimball and his cocompanya danypany of 255 also thehe bishops familyfumily thetlletile niht joseph Alieby v8svsvasas killed 29

ounV tvo one dead aandanaenaiid ihleenihihteenI1 teelteenbeen ourionndedouridedonnaedded darlngdaringduring the tiotvo daysdaysedays1 ellalenlalengagementement there aasvas a total csualtycasualtyspalty list amonoanongamong the uniteswaiteswaitee 30 of about nineteen As described earlier in the chapter

28 E tullidgetultuiTallidge loc cit 29y Ejjipsysy janejaliejallejarie Vi7 lliamsilliams 1acekacekaoerace op cit p 2 3 0 R T thomas opa cit p 27 Earijri 777 illidgetullidgeTi op cit p 240 125 31 josepn iiigbeel1la11 iolobeekobeebee vuausvosvus11 killecbilleckilledL andaliuondallu elseiseiziteeiieishleenhLeen eieere v ouiidedvouikied

il011iL 011 CDC ljtdal am3iicridil D thoethobtholie vouiidedvoiiiided botn froiii tiietiletlle fortkortjortkoru itcanutcan uliaulla laae 0laitlaizvaitvalu laieleleleielake valley 1ilitiasmilitiasmilitias 63s cleanedleaiied froilibroili tletietue original records 32 vere elexanderalexander4.4 1 exa ri d er 7riiliansyi 11i isiibrli ilyn J abazabez&de2 ioalaiidimowlciiidoAla iidlidild 61loertoget liesdiesniesiles L liesileskles standlyotandly one of01 tltlleie ivies josepn orr lamuel carn alexbiideralex8rider Ststeveiissteverisstaveriseveris and samuel casus the dead aldandalid vourivolindedvouridedmourivOLinded as sooljoonsoon adas possible aftererterecter being inuredinjured verevercv ereerc bentsentoent to the fort herenere a log cabin belonbelonginghiieiiie to chaanceychauncey turner as asedused for a hosphospitalitaiitalitzi lrur sialellukeslukecluke of the VU 3 riiiyarmy todo&ratopographicalcicalhical enzenoengineersineersinders aloahowhoho vcacovcoLs reatlybeatlyreeitiy appreciated by thetae militia lzvelavelve surgical care to theuhe voulounvounoandedbandedoanboundedvoundeddeaded and iarsirs riannanaaiaaldaiinah turner acted us iiarsedjnarsenaraenurse ihile corivalescinconvalescinjconvalescing duriiidlirindoirin the next fe veelcsveexcs the norelaloremore seriously oandedoundedbounded vere confined indoors iai3ts tihey ihaiLakhaprovediuproveailaproved tiley made life as pleasantpleapiea aa2a it and enjoyable Qs00 possibleo3sible by eieltereltarenteriter tzirdl6tc inin tLetleaselvetheiiiselvejaselve ith intellecfcaalL i tellteilteli ec tua 1I andanu recreirecrewrecreationalaloiialalodialALoiiallallai ctivichiviactiviacrivi ttizatiebtibbi rtluerfc Xlil6milsiiilidiii111110lilakli iloliD altiiouaitaltaltnoannoannounij shoshotshogG iniiikiikli lotfi iesleslatslets would play

y the ll riddlefiddlefiddiellfiddie r hilehiievd1ilevi cigneagneie otner crioidescripleserlcricripkeseciplesoidesdidesoldesdies vxioexioiio grevereere aliealleaelea olejlejie would I1 4 dad6danceilclic

31 cf ante appp 119120ilg119 120 32 G IV ealean op cit p 62 t T thomas op cit p 27 the daidajdaliydailydally enquirer op cit iiovllovlov 27s2 1894 J booth 2lal21op cit p 7 33 Ejj W tullideetuitalliagetallidgeTalTullidEeilagelidge op cit p 240 343 the dailsdaily ennoairerno airer op cit vendervemberioveloveiovemoernovemberjovemberjo noernoenmoer 271 lb941894 126

sulsunsuldaysunday a dadayuayY of restkestbestcest indian klilricarfiLriencampmentcarfiamentpuentpment Jeserdeserteddeserjesertedted since februaryfebruaryFebraaryuary 10 1801850 the day roifoldolfollovingfollowingfollovvingloving the chergechargechange of the movable battery cavalry and infantry wasas sunday eneraljeneralgeneralJ

1 daniel nci I1 ellseliseilsneils orderedor eredened a day of rest ielieiciecleile had arrived the night before to take derperpersonalsonai coiacolacommandlandbandiand an indian scout one oiof those friendly indians ho avasvvas tatareltakentarencelcen into tiietiletlle fort the previous day left tneane settlement early ilelleliene returnedreturnedretarnreturn ed in a snort tldetiijetoije and reported thatthut the indian folfoitificationfortification vaswas vacated ihe sakaessasavdoessavaesvaes had re-

tired unobserved daringduringduning the night after the battle leleavingavinOCD their dead hereverheraverwhereverherever they fell in the snow batbut carrycarryingilsinS their vioundedvvoandedVvo anded vithwith theirikheiri ilimballsiiniballsimballiim ballsbails men had ffinally vacated the cabin late at nihtni ht beforebetbel ore their retreat the redmen had generouslygenero asly suppliedsappsuppilealiea themselves vithith horse meat from 35Q r thosetnoseenose killed iain the ciaoiaolachargeciaargecnargearge resides1esidesjbesides the dead varriwarriorsors roandfoundroundcound in the deserted encampment a dead squaw was roaldrouldfouldfound the one killed by the canloncannoncennon in a nearby ickiupvickivickiapwickiupvickianvicel ap vithveith her legs catcut off the indians in their flightdlight had divided one group going east of the provo alver in the direction of hockrockdockroce jan- yon while the otherotner aichhich apiappappearedeared to debe the majority traveled toward the s oathsouth end of utautah lake

35 E I1falullidgefallidgegullidgeyaiyuiullidge op cit p 23923 127 trotroops sent tot g ilterinterintercept the ketreatinKetretetreatpetreatatilatin indians on londayboldaydondaybonday morlmorninemornincmornincinokno ebruaryfebruaryfebruary 11 eneralgeneralG seilsaeilsjellswellswelis detailed captain conover vith nostmost of nislilsllis detachdetachmentaentabent to remain at the fort another company under iajorlajonbajorkajoriviejor lytle and captain lamoreaux erevere ordered to ffollow the trail of the indian retreat leading up rock canyon learbear the mouth of the canyon sane wickiaickiupswickiupsups vere found in one of titheselese vasas the body of chief big elk vhovvhobho had died from roundsboundswounds received on the battle field aisnis being wounded had probably hearteneddisheartenerdisdisheartened the indians as roachmuchrouchfouch as lieutenant Howeowhollandslands battery and the charge of the cavalry and infantry Hovhovlaridhovilandhovvlandlarlalarid had returned to salt lake cityolty after the second daysday skirLskirllishsxcirnishlish as6sAs the troops approached the wickiwickiupsviickiupsudsups there vas a squavs papoosespapo b g I1 s fLDgeneralerieral scattering of the squatssqaavs aialaandanald oses iig elkblkbikelks squaw vhovvhsvvho thetiietiletlle colonists elaiclaielalclaimedfaedraed vas intelligent and the most beautiful anongamong thetlletrie ute indians fled andendelid in attempting to climb a precipice fell killinskilling herself instantly trad-

I1 ition has it that oraaoqaasquaw w peak northeastnortileastnortneastnortneast of rovoarrovorrovor recelreceivedveaveq its name from this incident 36 the troops then pursued the viarriorsvvarriors on up kock canyon where a brief skirmish vas f3uhtfongnt but the savages escaped the militia brought a number of squads andaliaallaana papoosespapo oses as prisoners into the fort hen they returned nothing vasas knon of

36 E t7taW ritullidgeluiLullidge loc cit Jj iL jensenJ ensen aop cit P 55 f-

128

this band of escaescapingI1 vvcrrior36 rri 0 r until sspringpr iric- ahenvhenv jjej ttneyaneyney caldecainecalagcame dondowldown the 1brovotrovorovo dverdvexsiverxiverkiveravex lavinhavinbavinha viiivill jonesonegone asus larlurfar as tneanee eer diver accordiiilorainordinccordinccorbincc Uuo0 ilidetnilideiuilideanilideiuTn tileytlley verevece thirteen iniri xiulbernihluerxiulberlulnihlunideridenluer dein all that lerereceverevece lefleftc ofoti titiletiietllellelieile indian brcrevescravesoravesves IILDiilovilo enluanluelleaendedenjeded iniiiill tiletiie Ijb rovo cattleeattleeattiedattiebattledattle 37

inlp the iileantmeantleantlilelnellieLile eneralgeneralG 1elisells1ellsbellspellspelis and captain r8litcrantjrantruilt avithvvith the iaallaairtl&inaamir body of tatneanee cavalry set zutoutoat uaponuponon the trail of the indians wiiovnoano I1idnadi d goneb one south at4tt a point soodtauoutabout necenerenere jspanishpa liililrii sh lorkforkyork is located today and aainacaina&ain near laysonpayson short skirskirlsskirishessKirisskirmishesaslashlesheses occurred eventually teti e liidiliidians11ndiansalsans veravereere overtaken neernear laulelauietabletabie I1 quintain at melielleiie scutsouthsjatnh eelaeldendd of utah6ta ahelaakek e vieree r e in the eiisuinsilingensilingen ifihtfehtLD ht frivefivelveive iereberevverelere killed andacid seveseventeenteelteen vere tai-takenen prisonersbonerssoners TLtletheie next arninorninorninnln the indiansLad ianslans tried to overercovererover j er the bardsguardsuards uldandund vereere partiallypartlpartipartihilypartibllyullyhilyuily saccessfalsuccessful in retdkiiioret6kiijb their ararasanasas

I TIthei e ffichafichb4 1i L vasvaba s rrenevvede ne iriirv e d aass ttheiii e iindiansn c11 i a r3ra 1fled1 ed 0oni ttletheh e iicec e aacrossC r 0 s S the lallaiialickeijkeze it liastrestjas extredextreextremelylelyiely hard fforfoxoj tletheuleuhe cavalry horses to

leedleep len keep their footilifofootingotiLi CDC D therhedhe Iridaridarldindiansianslans lelhen shotsnot at ouiaouidould rellfallrelifull as if deeddead ai0100100.10id lhenthenahen djas tnbir pnrslierspursuers voula dlediedruar leairearnearngar tiley bouldouldamidomidvould rise alluaridanlu firecireilire inirilri tnisanisunisgnisagnis aiufrayaitrayurrayaiufrayantray the rellareclareLiaredininreliaililre cielldininilil 16 indibusludia Is viere killed and several of leile ailitialsijilitia borsescicrsesnorses Lhoeverboevernoeveriovever 0 none of the unites iereberevereere injureinjured 38

37 V ullidletiillideullidLe op cit p 240

38 bitneymitney 0 iitneyvhitneyVhwhitneyI itney 220op cit vol 121 DOp 430 0 tallidetallides2ullid&edulduiTal lideilde opL cit p A23939 129 hen the cavalry returned to the larkeshlaaelakesnorelakelarkosh snoreore it vasas night and bitterly cold aheyxheyihey took refurefugee iniiailalla the vwickiapswicKilckacxlcx juapsapeupep s vacated by the indians oion thezhe buntainountainloantainOunlounLoan tain side which provided some protection from the extremely cold batnereatnereatweatllerweat nedfledfiednerLler iotlotbiot so hohowevervever from the attacks of cheohehe vermin left behind bdb the 3399 indindiansia ris cnon the following morning the cavalry retaripretarireturnediealea to 2eortortcort utah brinbringingt liapklap avithvvith them as prisoners a number of senassqnassquavs and papoosespapooses who verewere fed aldandaridarld cared for by the colonists some of them vere later transported to daltdaitwaltwait lake city ln n effort vasuvas ladenademade to educate and train them datdutoatout as a rule without successsaesacsue cess LinventventrallyventuallyLi ailyalLy iiostiiiost of thetheithel sought their native habitantsha b itant s therethenekhene is a difference of opinionoipi llonaioniion regardinregcirclindegardin the total nunumberliberniberdiber of indian casualties dorinndurinnduringduding the engagement ofCF those giving estimates iallidiullidhallid e records that there viereveremiere only thirteen left oatout of a toteltotal of betveeibetheenbetween seventy lnaandenaana sicelzsightyeightylaty40

41T bitnehitnehitneyy estimates the adianndianindian loss about forty booth sets thetiie lndiaiindian deaddeaudeed1I as lo10iovlov as tiirty42uhirty42 zrv 2i homaslhomaselilhomast total adds

ja 39j7 cT 0 i1 Vstensenctensenedsenelisenellsenensen op c it p 550 40 j tullidtuitultallidgetalledgeTalliagelidgee op cit p 240 41 0 hitney op citc it 01 ol01 1 p 430 i a 42 J boothjooth op c it p indian I it fortcorlrortdortcort utah froiaroitroni dridrivincdrjincdrivinsvinCving iniiilri stalsourysstausourys valley of tlletiletaetrie greot saltshit lake

A at aalAML a a chief rikziklk and aistigdigiis squaw fronfrom draindrasinaasinodrasinodr avino in stansbuStansstansbystacsburysbu alsyisyidyls valleyvalleyvdlley of the ireat saitsalt lake 131 y a to sisixtytyttooho043043.043 chilevhile isybosykosyiosypsy lanejane iliiiiillilliausilliousiausiamslams lace clairedclaiaedclaimed t 44 l k tig there lereveregerei one undrelhuldredhundred11 ldnd oleone killed iniiiirl tietitiie1 e finlonpinionopinion0 of the writertritervr iterlter it as nardhard forffodrodoi lyone to accurately estiestimatediateLiate ho vvii

T 2 Y .1 bajvejaa liianylitany carriers ere engaged iiin tiietiletlle bootlebuotleju tisbistle KeiselikeiseiiikeiiselikewiseLikelse 1 it vaja6 top hard totol eStestimateLiate the totitotti dedeadd 10loeverlo-evarever all sources alreeareealneeaneeagnee tthatI 1 a t dootbojtjojt ofor tre liidiaindianii varlvarivxarriorslor in ttee ffihtfehtL ht ierelerebereere aiinihilated Folloloingolloingfolloirigol irig the battle irr alakelaicelarceaaice1lake tlethe liaynlayriayiirmaiirmy surieonsoieonsurceonsosurgeonleonreonceon cutcat11cut the lieknelasnekasds afiofiofr the ndiansindiaiaindialaindianss tthlthalatbatiatt vereere killed alaandaliaallaana brobroantbroulatbroajtbroabrouuLatjt

1 rf tthe7ithemih tto0 1tleblebhe1 Le lortort ienei had dortyforbyrorbyrortydorby or fifty headsbeads riarclarelarnarratedrated

Eapsypsyip s Y jane viliiaasjilliaisjilliams lacebace1aceace alaanaandllandrland said after the flesh aasvasves off

ft he vassvvssas loiiloilainzoinz to taletaietaketace thethexii bacbackll111 to vasnington

1 Aabnerbneribner bilbitbicciburnBIcCickburiiburnbunn elvesolvesives a lively picture of this headneadleadaheadd hunting expedition a feiafelafeih days efterafterdeftergiftergefter the lastlest1 st batie tithlithvith tiietire indians a & overnrientovermieiatovernrientfientflent reonbureonsareonsureonsungon antedrantedwanted jalles or and ideie to taletaketaltaire a slay cross over on the ice and secure the iiidiansidianaindians heads for I helielleile vacantedvantedI1 ted to sn thetneiia to Jashjashincongashashirinconetoleton to a medical institution hired a sley crost over thetiietile ice the heatherweather aashasas bitterditter cold the surlsurgsurgeonelm tok out nishis boxooxboox of listrulistauinstra lentszients lnandI1 canencamencoaencedcadencedcamencedcedcea it tootooktooaX hiji a smarterquarter of aian I1houroudour to catcut of oileodieone neadneed tlethe sunson vas lettiiltettitettlLettiettiniL lo10 alderdardendand frezine cold J libi and fienefhe too tlethe job in ouioarour onown hands vee vear lotliotriotnot go- iningc to vait on tiletiietrieuleune surlesuresureonssunesurmonssurgeonosurge olsoloonsono slov otionfotion jerijerljerkeded our luilujU iveslivesilves oatout and hudad tlaealaethefila all of in a revfe falfaifainutesriiinotesnutes

434 T thomasrhomas op cit appp 272728273828 44 psyapsy janeJ ane lillians laceface 0op citcit jj 2 45 loc cit 132 they earvear frozen and come of easy in oarouroun assion the surcesurgeonoii stood bacrback6 aiiddiidabid watchedwetchedmatched us finish the job the surgeon shotsnot soaesome ducksducris teltelitellteriten or velve boxed thenthemthein up 6gutsglutsi atsuts feathers and all and told liellefieime to bring them dovaaovadov n vaithvjithvjifch the indian heads in a eelaeieeieek or taotvomao to salt laicelalcebalce cityolty took thentheiuthemthein doandovn accordingaccordinddinS to agreement the eltheregtherv atherathen turned varavanavarma and the ducks vear green iiiiitllvithitii rot the indian heads smelt loadloud drove to his officeI1 and told him the ducsducisducksduciduck s vear spoilts p 0 lit he opened bhethebhe bozdozboxDOX pulled out a vingvindildilging smelt it and says they are just right ielielleile settled up and invited aeme to super i vasus not hungry andanaang declined his offer46offer 46

peace parleypanley iteldi1eldlieile id troobrootroops return to saltsaitzaitzalt lake cityolty after the battle wasas over and the troops had returned to the fort camp fires vere seen oriorlocion the southwest side of the lake

near tabieiabletablebable lioantainidountainLioantailtalltain point generalGre neral V V ellseilselis sent a detachment

1 of tentygenty three mostly young men to investigate when1 they arrived they found twenty four indian warriors not ofoliolt the same band as had thus been engagedengaeedaSed howeveriiowever being of the ute tribe and having found the dead bodies of the slain frozen on the ice they vereere very hostile one of these warriors chief groceperieGroceG rocepenedeiledelleperie in his rathvorathvvrath struck llenlienilenallenailen iiuntingtonliuntington the

1 71147rt interpreter saying rhywhy1 did you kill my brothers71147brothersbrothersrt tt E booth refers to nlnkanima asus lot and relates huntington could have killed him and probably ouidouldwould have done so had lothingnothing depended on it but his onown safe- ty but it vas seen thatthut a fight would havenave resulted in

46 abnerrabner dlackdiackblackblackburnburn quoted in provo mormon pioneer cityoltyC op cit p 59

47 14 JV A tuiltuiiTulitullidgeidge op cit p 240 133 many and perhaps all of nisllis comrades beitqbeing billedkilled helielleile had the manly c oaragecourage to take the blowsbeita0

re rT thomasyhomas relreirelateslatescates hohowevervever ttuttotLIat&t after being struck IIrr11 al beeallbegall to cock his pistol to shoot the chief iienilenllenaienwhen luehueline siackslackblackblaek 497 bulbuiuainbarnbuinn snachenach the idistalmistalpistal from hihinhimi thokhoihomaschomasnasmasmaama3 was a member of the scoutinscootingscouting artydartypartyrparty and witnessed this incident in either cae it appears that aloanoknotneranotideranotnertider outbreak was narrowly averted which lightnight have resulted in a aarwarar of much more serious consequence than the engengagementaselaseiabsei ent jastjust terminated the battle jastjust roughtfoughtdought iusvaswas withith the TimtimpanottimpanogosTimpanopanotgosos utes a weaker band of the utah nation while these indians vere from tlthetielietle povpoerfalpoverfulpowerfulpoerfulerfalerful band of utes headed by chief fallerfailerdallerdallen the savages then inquiredinqaired contemptuously ifiai1 they had

i come to fihtfehtfi&ht why imenmennen viereere not seltseiitsentsebit instead of D oysdoys 1 the boys soon made the warriors underunderstaianderslandunderstaystaistalid hoeverhowever that they 50 coaldcoaidcould firfipfightht if a fight was in 0orderderaer after taikingtalkingkaiking for ahlieawhile tnethaet1ae rathanathwrath of the chiefs was appeased the militia divided theirtheinn lanchlunchlanchwithbithwith the indians1ndiansIndiindiansyansy and sitting alternately around ttneaneLae camcampfireafirepfire suosmosmokedkedeed ttneanee pipe of peace hiennienthenbien they all returnedret urledarned to the fort where a ireatycreaty of peace was made lare oxen aaswasas given to the indians among the warriors were foarfourdoarrourzour of the principal ute chiefs

48 JT Ej booth op cit appp 7733 49 R Tf rhomas2nomasrnomas op cit p 29 5 .0I jr 1 0 Ialiallidgetullidge2ullidgehuihul lidge op cit p 240 134 tabby sanditchsanpitchSanpitch Grocegrocepenepene three of P alensalers brothers and antero cousin of alkereldereideralicer 51 on tuesdaytaesd&y i ebraaryfebruary 19 18180180O the troops who hadnadliednaa fought the indians in utah veileyvalleyvolley returned to saltsaitzaltzait lake city the members of the enerulenerudgeneralG assembly of tkthel- e provisional tateotate of deseret kelckeicvelcvelcomedwelcomedomed tnemtiaemgnem governor righambighambrigham youngyoanyoun addressed the militia congratulatincongratulatingcongratulation til-thenthemem on their safesaresarg return and response to the call at the Legeneralleralzeralneral assembly meetingaeetjl ng again in the afternoon u engral eliseilsellstellstelis made a verbal report of the battle 52 captain hoardhoward stansbury concluding his report regarding the battle to the united states G overrniientoverraaent in 3ashingtondashington3ashington D 111C1 statstatess the expedition vaswas completely successful tiltiitiatriee indians f oughtfought very bravely batbut vere ffinally routedrooted some forty of them killed and as many moreraore taken prisoners the latter consisting principally of aomenvomen and children were carried to the city and distributed amonoamong the inhabitants for thetiietiletlle durpospurpose6 of vealiavearlawealingmeaning4 n them from their savage pursuitsparpur saltssultssuits and bringinEbringing them apup in habitsbabits of civilized and christian life the experiment hoeverhowever did not succeed as aasvaswas anticipated most of the prisoners escaping aponupon the very first opportunitytl5

51 jl 7.7 tullidtuitultallidgetalledgeTallidgee op cit p 424040 1 Tiai1 homasthomasL op cit p 29 52 IL J S journal liliiiliihistorystory op cit ebraebraaryfebruaryary 19 1350 53 liowrgliowcl m e rrGa tansburyjtansbarystansbaryD 2eaeop c I1itt p 149 fort utah being rebuilt on its oecondjerondjecond sitebite6ite from original paintingpu inting by senuelsamuelsemuel jepperjeepersjeppers iii rioneer museumtiuLiu seum rovobrovotrovo wo

t COPTERCIHAFMR X

FORTFOKT uleULH cioi ird1201 20 szocSECCsacciasaccidid 8111SITE

this thesis restricted to the stors3tatstory ofor zortyortort utahutan

pcs 1 at this pointpc4L nt iin this thesis it isio the dedesireZdre of thetue writervrlteriter to baarlebaarke a literliterarybry circaiiiscriptioncircuiiiscripticii or statementaedaaedt of limitation lortfortyort utah vasv as bubuiltbulitkitiltailt byoy the iyiormonL iomoii pioneer-llofioneersFiopioneersleersleereneerss ssas a protection against the indians niilewiile the colony vasvaovgo iniridri its infancy undfandfunduund served s ati lomehome a civil and militaryldiladil L t a rt headcuartersheadquartersneadqaartersy and a reliEdelladeliareligionsiouslous aldandalid social nucleus for the levnev settlelieltsettlelient it lived as lonelongiong as the hostihostilitieshostiliuieslitielitle ofor alaeoletlaeone readellreddell necessitcnecessitynecessitatedmedaed thatthut it live att first the co1oaicolonistsatszts iierabieravierevieravvcre over aiixiousanxiolis bo getet on to the neunevie land ala81andanaa boainslb a I1 ii 6 ru the advice of the iioriiionlj r honbonuon church authorities somes oneome of the novedsieveksieved outolioourOLLL of the 1forrorforcortc preladturelyprebid careiybarely only to coalec oaeome sabscbscamperingmperiii uellbijlbcjlocelI1 viluviiuvviiun tluneungonele kovaes3lv66essovaes lentvalt1eltaltahtentant onOL the

varpaa r 1 5.5 tthh liownoevere v e r aasS tletuetidegle poalationpo alation increasedii1creased makiiiomaiiiii tneirtileirkneir position0 5 itioi more secaresecure aaintadint6 altccl lnaandana tiietiletlle indian hostilitiesU decreased tietaetle citizens ofor ulewiemiecne iortlortbortr ort oved oldoonto their lots and fzarlasdarlasterrasrfasafas frovoerojoerovo vas thereuiierejy4.4 dulit wion tubteeteutau romidatioialoandcstion of x ort utan thas it is inteintendedabedaded that the remaining part of this pedergadergedercaperpaperpeper be confined andaridarld restricttrestrictsrestrictedid to that paitpart of the erlyearly hihistoryU ooisols 1 0ofI1 rcrovot-ovo chichvhichvvhich applie6applies to the active life of fortyortort utah 137

and vortyortort uleisubelsutahs iartlartaartparparoparuo in 1ilterlaterci ter indianL dedepreciationsjrepre d ti olsons

pont ujj 10wortportrt utan ivovedivxoved r0raco its secondjeejecsee onci sieai tU e daring tlethe vjjin- ter of 1649 gl0 there aasaoswasds 6a heavyneavy snowfall and a late sspringrilerieg the lettielettlebettle oiioilollon the brovebrovoproveprovo river rdthwitnardth the indians vliswas roughtfought iniu about to feet of slov ol01on the level as previously mentiilentionedmentioriedoliedoried the experience of tnetiaeliae previous suersusLusuuiierilerllerer abd liallalikeiiseliklikevaselikewiseilaelikeilke iiseevaleevaseillevile proved that the land in the roifoirolfoitroitroitroltfortrortt field vhsohsvms vettervettenvecvelveltervelten xertenxen alaana colder than 1 that farther east therefore aliasaisaks spring dvdncedadvanced ianbitiwitiitni ap- proachingpro achinoaching high aterwaterweter of the proveprovo itiveriziverjciver anddnaana the subsecuentsabseqaentsubsequent damdampnessdampriessdriesspliesspriess iain the vicinity of the lortfortrort it became definitely evident that fortport utah nadhad to beoe lovedcovedovedioved to higher ground brigham yoanyoun withith the leaders of tae new colony had irdilateddicatedindicated such a chargechange the previous Jepjeptemberseptemberjepfceraoertember henihen 86as related in chapter VII of this paper they had selected a 2 tolnsitetownsitetov nsiteansite aboutbooatebout tvo miles east of the fort the colonists everevvere agreeable then to such a pianplanplany but by tlethe spring of 1850 they everevvereere impelled to actactionioraiopa lieanbleanLleanmeanwhilelilelliehile duedoe to the iioaenseiicmeiise lorilorlIoriioriaoniormonlormoncormonaon emigration to the intermouiitairintermoantainintermountain region brigham youneyoanyoun aaswasAL aole to sendseliasellasena ad- altaitditditionalional colonists at frequent intervals to bolster the leaneanew settlement the colony thus oealbeanoe6aroeanoenar to developdevelcieloi 6rovil6rowing pains vhwhichlchach coaldcoaidcould only be relieved by a larderlarger area intoleetokeeto aichhichwnicn to

1 J Ej booth op cit p 9 2 cfof aliteante p 8838 138 exexpandp a nd corisequeiCoriconsequentlysequeisequelalytly in april 1801650 the fort vas novedmoved vith the stostocadestockadestochlddecade cabins dailsdallsdarns corralicorrals etc to a sitesibejibe about8 boatboutalout tvotwo ailesaliesalles elsteasleasteasu laterieterleterlatex lonnon csus the dobeadobe yard 6ridaridnd toddy liovviluovvirenown lisasalshis iorthcorthiwrth or loiettesoiettesolettesowiettesoaSowSo letteiette barifarjbanibankparkpank ctet tneane intersection of zildilichifhzilthth destvestwest and zirtitiftna iorthimorth streets lain proveprovo fort utahutan wion its second site vas built on a similar pattern to that of the firfirst site aichhichchichyhichv vissas6s describeddescrioed in detail in chapter VI of taistaks thesis 3 the buildings however erewere inorefaonemore suostantialsubstantial and thegheone btocadebrocade6toc&ade inorelnoremore deredefedefensiblerisible ahthe2h e enclosure vas somevhatsomewhatsomevvhat larger covering noremore than a provo city block or 1128112811.28 acres tletheme follofollovvixglvelv6 copy of the mayors deed althaithalthoulalthousalthoughouLoueAL executed a feiceirevrem v years lateridteridaer locates the land occupied by the fort on its second site recorded A 0 &dootsraoot mayoryor of haymay orsortoryony s deed 1 inoveproveprovo city utah book 11 br3131.31 county utah territory dated january 22 1873 lagefagepage 50500550 to acknovled7edacknowledged same date before ajL1j johnjollnjolin imattalliwttally 61018736 10 1873 provo city corporationcorpor6tion county recorder for utah county territory of utah sealseal afaffixedfixedaxed consideration 41725417.2517217217.241725

3 cf ante appp 000067666766 67 139 conveys

Coin 1 commencingmencing 216021.60 chains oouthbouth and 5105.10loio 10.10 chains estdestjestI of the northeast corner of the nortnvi orthestnorthestorthestnestest quarter of section 1 township 7 south ralekalenanei alaeanae 2 astbast of fcneacneU he saltsaitsalbsalusaiu lake meridianLier idian thence dastjasteast 108710.87 chains thence south 1 desreedegree sestjestest 104610.46 chains to beginning neaineaareaanearea 112811.28 acres the said proveprovo city corporation hevinghaving been adjudged the rightful ovner and possessor of the said described property the foregoing instrument is made and executed by said 1lianorliayoraborayor by virtue of a trust vested in him by an actct of the legislative assembly of the territory of utah approved ebruaryfebruaryfebruary 17 18691809 1 appears as abraham 0 smoot layor of prove city utah county territory of utah in body of deed 4

utah countscountyco created 1provorovo cityoltygi laid out during its first session in the incerinvintercer of 1849501849 50 the general assembly of the provisional state of deseret organized the counties

of great salt lake I1 leber utah tuillabuilla thoeletooeleTo oele anpeteSansanpeteanepeteanpete and little baltbait lake this act approved january 31 1850 hile creating these councoupcountiescountiesties named provo as the county seat of utah county utah county and provo city thus received their legal births apparently tllethisthie is the first official use of the name provo fforrorcoror this future city on aribri ham young actactingictainguing this lellei authoritydutnority 3riurifenamkdhanban proceeded 4 secured forfroror tae vvriuerri aeruer by walter ir taylor local residentpresidentI of lonsjonssonszonsoons of utah pioneers through curtis abstract company provo utah

5 11 J cecil alter rhe11 therhe state of deseret tt utah historical quarterlyuarte 81801818180 181 april ltulyjuly october 1940 140 with his plans for builtinbuildinbuildin brovo1rovoirrovoidrovo as is recorded in the LIJO1jd3 church manuscripti anusurianuscrianu script 11istoryiiiiiistoryastoryistory on atmrdaysaturday larchlanchnanchmarch 23 ibo1801850 i resident1residentpresident Drighambigham young and thomasthomesrhomasrhomes ullockbullock6 elid 17illiamwilliam i lemollemon couriselingcounseling together in gaitgalt lake citgcingcityj agreed to lay oatout a city in utah valley called 11rovojrrovoarrovo 0 in the summer of 1850 william i lemon a prprofession-ofession al surveyor accordingly caliecallecame to ontzortort utah and vithith thetae assistance of peter oloveranoveronoveronover v ho carried tneane chain andaladana othersowners surveyed part of wiatmiatmlat is ilolloaoinoi110nov the northestnorthwest dartpart of provo1 rovo city they1heyahey drove their lirstfirstbirst stake in mlatmiat asQQ to beoe the public square and is nowno w pioneer earkberklarlbarlbarkpark one hundred and sixty acres 7 vierewere laid off into city lots proveprovo oltycity as incorporated by an act of the general assembly of the visionalirovisionalIro1rovisionalprovisional otciebtateotcte of ieseretiedeseretseret edmarkedmaryebruary 6 1851 8

euriniejuriniedarjardur ing t1tatheilelle1 ie spring aldaridarld sallswlaersullsauliiersaulniersauLiieriler of 1811851 thetiietiletlle i orkor of laying out the city vasves4 5sas continued under tielielletle direction of ailaad realrepire J tecirt3teartsteadtsteartte cirt is is illustrltedillustratedillastrc ted by thetiietile eclosedenclosedi early map 01of 1 rovo 9 a city plot one liilelailemilemlle square knovnknellonknollon aseiselsVIS lotilotilotlioti A lvcasvvcas4sas surveyedsarv eyed the ciiiadranleqjuadranlle consisted of aaan area eleven blocks each vay cuminnuminruniiirl directly north south east ana vestwest epaachc h

011 jbLS journal xiisloryistory op cicitU inanclarciilarciei 23 loolou165

7 I1 JL E 1 0 culcuiTaltullidgeA lidge op Cciloilollt p 240

8 11 J cecil 11altermiter leekeeinehe actetctestatestute of seretleseretdeseretLees eret op cit pop 222 9 cr oostpost p 141 LILJ lielrieiEIEI elermdelerm el el el morrw anadddiel 00 el el aorrw el eg AD 1eae deidiaanif el S el 0 a01y 1 C rye nr a 0idzdddfF10000 fyeEDE addbddiel 1111 E el el F V 11 1 M el dddadqlel 0 el 2 7 aoqrv 11 el defil addajddaefil 6 vocrv 4 oimiinaa 0ODDelD luddQDDI edd 11 el elD el el okel el el 3 vo41y Z r4vrav 11 an111111 E1 1 0 el el0 212 vccrw f dddddddddddbI1 dddaelbiiiaddq0el0 11 ED L tkelTTEI EJ 11 1 ED EI el 1111 Del I1 D FJ 11 el el ddadanaddadei0 ceC e rpdtt ji I1rffrrreee r A tf addqdbodddqb0 11 sourmsovrm f r r f 11 44 j r 737 S el el 11 111111 bc dddndqdndded0 ED sollofsollpf 000eceeeedddcsdadddasdde10000 rj fawf7w 4 ial MODE ere ifl w 000dddeldctaddcbd0-00 00 i foafodrodfo6 el el reddrend el 11 011 nddddddddddd0 elldildid 0 000 so ra 000eledeeddQDD DBBBIH eieeleQqlelej

p4patlamedanedamA A ff 1 9 v0val C 7 7 4H D abspbs0m 14fAipp c0ft0 vrol susys7syS 00 OO cl S 2 D s aiis7oriavISTOHAN oftorticeorforficeort ice 142

blblockck va twentyc ay- fourour rods scu-saresure re mdi d coiiboiiconucinedU ailed eieihtechtt lots tlerhetherhe blocbiocblocks61 s vere six by t elve rodsrodocodocojo lainiainleindaeil stbreetureetstreet nov firthfifth

restsestjestJ ruilruiminruinruinninrudminlilnilnin north elaalaandanaena south and centeraelagileilteriter creelJ treetbreet ruirulrunningmilmin east and westaestvest arevierevierouveroere liede eihtecht rodsroasrodg ide andaaaanaaag tlethe other streets five rods in eidthvidth the plot extended six blocks zelszekswelsestt of iainlain Ststreetreetroet and five bleciblociblocksseast ssixix bblockslock-s south of celtercenter street TI r and five bleciblociblockss northorth rhefhea e public squirescacresqucreIA was to be the cecen-ri ter of tlethe city 10

indian associations jprinaprinr i ng aandiid eaariyarly jmauierWam 6r 1850 unuer ilthouhnitiiouhci certain indians vere still sdjrtinsilijrbin under the defeat iinn jebru3rye br u ry 16lbcabc5 0 tltneanee I1indianiid ia a rreluionse 1 L io ii s catt clechee 1fortrortdort3rt elgeigerav eer6r e ILfairlyfoirlyL 1r Y peaceful dudaringlr the z3zasprinaprinpriabpriabe andanaang ecrlyecriyeyrly suiisulisullsuliersullersudiersuiiersulierllerderiieraer occasiooccasionOcoccasionallycaslocasio iallyeilyeliy however oleoloono or tto3 indian desidesperadoeseradoesera does coaldoiildvoald ca-credtecreatee te coicolconcernc eraelamrae ra inili a leieuterleuterL t e r rittenribbenr i L t e byL y isacascaascI1 ac orleylorley froirioafroacloaaroa tietle iatioatioalipezeoanpeueoalideledezepeze utleaiefitsebtleilienb uanderunderder ttneaneke datediate of riiril 21 locclopc0 0 thatbhat leleaderciderdider drdrjvtsvs atteianteitentionalattentionaltentiontiarti3r to the dardurdundalgerdangerer tnreatenintiareateniii titiletiietlleie settlers in zortyortort utahutela irolcrolfroni lostilelosbiiehostile1.1 indiansindicnsIndic ns ho tithreatenedirelre teriedaeried to kill tletaethe Ilormonscormonsarmonsormons

and their cattle hereverheravervnereverv herevernever theyoheyobey could find theiaoben klekie eespeciallysp ec ia llyilyliy e alelaentionedaie itioned thatthutthab the bettypetty oliefchiefohlef latsfatsovettFatsPatseatspatsovettyats ovett had beenbeela st-stealingliuelinellueallue stock 11

10 1.1 fallidefaleidefalfulfuilideilde op citc it p 241 j oothboothdooth OZop cit s appp 131413 14 astory op c 4 1 lo10 0 ctoarncijouriial istoryistoryly citiu riiprilpriiaprilril 21 1850 n la14143l4

biderulderulderbidedunder datedzteL ue 0ol01L allikiiylPrllll11 0 o isu13u isaacisaocS A 4 C iibeeb e e duoenoeng captincapt in etcrescrretcr conjverconeverolloiioveroiiover roueireteir3teroce to encillencidleiieaal iaielbaielkaieljjecje iellellei ilseilsallsdilslisclls of aitsaltsaitalt cliecaieciie cicityy s loliollollopslollopylops I11 uiiderstaiidunder jtaiid thetthat 1iltsovvettotsovvett is inkli yearyouryoue citycilyolty jror vvhsvvdsas last nolnoiLoiloiidaylxoiiclayidajiday liexiekleL u arid lislisils brotriersbrobeobirotaeotatrierslers hlvelvahveaveve eaiealeeceii illin cacat-ut-u- trig s rk tlelieie silice tlethetrie var ith tletiletiie lndizalindians1 lllaailaallagila tilitilluiiiedteiicdeateieatenill d to eliikillekilillliilil every white danlelllekijan thatthalthab he calicallcanean e alvenaveii a v e been searchin6sedrcjiinsearching fforor hlaninnlnhdanhanim lo10 kill xiii butolitjuit lavlavenav inolnooot fround chiinhiiiiiia yet but e havhuvhave found his brother cndand hveaivealveaeve 1illedbilledmilled rikli e vishisia yoayou rouvouoiildld searchsearccisearcn for him and if helielleile calealcailcallcan be f0uljroundfound iniiilillii yearyour valley ailikill hlaaljaaija before hene can do laorenoremore mischief 1

this renerenegadecl de liidlaidindianknudelknudeniallalian vcwsIs capturedcdpcap taredbared in saltsait larce valley tried for nardermaraer of a knitevniteviiite iallalian by tiietlle iiallailanaienaleie of aieraleraicaraicr in oanaban pete Vralleyraileygalley aanddndltdladead eecutedexecutedeluted orliuriliorildorildorliboril 29 loo150lopo it is cialdeacialdedclaiijed tilattnatbilat tl iss vci s thetaetue indianinglan ahovhoevnovvno also 1kliedkilled joseJ osephph I1nigbee duringdiiringdairing the hattlebuttlebuttiehatthuttbuttle on tlethe lrovorovobrovo ilveriiverliveriliveraliver 13 durinodaringdarlngduring the early part of layleuy iso180 eneralbeneralgereralgeneral0 daniel yells visited zortyortort utah cn01-1 his return trip ilelleliene resortedreported that chief stick oiion the nead of the aeieateddefeateduefeated rilapanoos2impano6os ubes as inilllillii tiletiietlle lleichboriloodnei&hbornood of the lortfort and hodha a belbegtjegedaedged6ed 1hard for 14 peacepea C e captain eterieterleterleteripeter 6ti conover traveled to salt laaelake city from lortfortyort utah ooliollorionri layluyulaykuayaay1ayiuay 17 150130igo and reported that some of the proninentproniprofainentprominentneltnent chiefs of the utes vereere Gtgtheringgatheringfcatneringhering irin utah valley jehe claimed they aappearedheuideerpeui ed very rriefriefriendlyridly and desired to nakemakemaee a leaceleucefeucepeace treaty 15 12 ibid prilapril 2820 1850 131 ibid prilpriiapril 29 1850 14 ibid ay 14 1818018500 1 15 blabiabidibid lay 17 1850 144 seeing in the invitation 0of tiietile liindiansdiansdeans aiani opportunityopporLimity

tiietile L p 1 to strentstrengthenCD then tnetaiet1ie irisifriendfriendsnipfriendshipdssnipi eteenetveeaveen tthelue colonizerscolonizcolonez irsmrs anda nd theche

dziadzi U va ey 11c l younyonnyo a c c oa C reredmenen iinn istahijtahta h valleyvailey11 riliamrgiliami 1 iamlam uncc1ca accompaniedoiumolum ni e U oyy leboereoer0 er 0 kinballkimball1 thomasthomae1ifiomas lullocbullocullocilED alaaidandaiaalaana otiothersersens left salt Laaljalaaklaceaalelakejaleaakee city layhayi ay

1 1- 201 U 1 1 banrey 20 18501350 I1forrorcor0 r zortjortdo rt utahV a ia brouterroutejnronte they met lijahlijah barreybanleybarneybanney

v G v ard and chief roshenerorospenespene eioeloMIOio iinforriied1.1 if or ledaedied thetheithelii thatliafcU the indians ere anxiously awaiting their arrivoarrival1 bonebomesonesomezome of the indians they claimed haabaanadhad coiiecobieco2ie all the avayvvayay from Aexicomexico1 to trade president yoang then directed Zrresidinkresrresiresidiii6zidin D ishop ivelveime avellvvell 1KI alitailthiltbiltaiitdlit ney to forvardforward totvo thousandthoclhoucalhou sandasandusandoanamanaasana five landrealandredhundred pounds ofot flour meat and other rovisionsprovisionsrevisionsrovisions all thetiietiletlle hatsdats alaaldaluandana caps that coaidcoaldcould be ob- 16 tained and a small quantity of amnilinitionairlciur itinaitioa

1 the next day lay1 1.1 ay 21 the companycompailyally arrived at the proveprovo river aichhichahichabich was boomingboouingll ianitnvith high vatervatenwater feelingpeeling it aaswas im- practical to cross then the party eaicaiealcampedaiDed on thetae lortnorthvestriorthvestnorthwestnorthvest side of the river 17 on liayhlay 22 several indians came to the presidentpresidentss camp for breakfast which vasvos s cheerfully givelgiven them leaving camp the cocompanyspanynpany traveled apup the river about totvo aliesmiles herehenecherevhere the racingcl stream ivass ferried by boatdoabooabboag in the afternoon the party arrived safely at fort utah in ti-tneaneie evelevelingeveninglinallna the indians being in a festive spirit saligsan danced and lagambledrabledcabled around their

16 ibid ivaylayIV ay 2040 1801850 17 ibid aayliayAzayay 22 1850 145

qan p zancamcamp firesfires att oineone time lormin a senilemlaemi circle they reltdenteltentvent sinEsingsininbininsinelilsinelionilniaLiL apup to thetiletiie fort illflilalilIJL taisthis naaiernanierMmallermahnermanneraalaaiani er they knaveenaveave the presi-

I1 ray ff11 de114dentsdenosu s partypi r4yU a serenadialserenadingserenadingnuding chief valker aialaaldandilI tvo 01or I1lisilshiohlo tribes

k bieriuieri ere ill ianitn leverfever that lilgaintninthah4 drjjr 6opragaePraue1 called on themethemybhela 181 alferedaunsaheredalneredaLnuiluli ered bouesoueso uieule roots andainaalnacindana precrioedprecriued soe edledicineedipedicinecine briririgliaiiisham youll at this time hasaasvas provoprovokedred dt aoniesome of the colonists for mulingzumoiiiik vvrejlliiie adalid ruriiiiriiiiliiiigis horsehorde racesnaces v ith the Ladindiansianslans hetielielle claicialclairedclaiaedclaiikedaed that ahenvhen doiladoil6doin so the whites erevere duttingputting tilentilemtnembelveselvesaiveseives on the level iiiiitllvilliitii ti-thele redrednienredmeiinedniennien it vasas observed dyoy the visitors that many of tlethe settlers vere scanti- ly suddsuppsuppliedlied duedoeaoeaue to havilhaviihaviahahaviiievilvii divided thellthelitheir provisions vitnedthvdth the inalnaindindiansi a ns 1719 at suisulsunriserise oriorlon liay 233 the natives cofiencedcoillliienced trading at the lortfortrort aichhichihichchich continued briskly ahiihil11ll day iresprespresidentldentadent youngX oung instructed georgeG eorfeemorfee D graiitgrairtjrrdiit levis robisonrooisonkooisonRoKo oison phraphrainiephraimini rianksrienksnianks and hiranhiram 3 clavvsoaclavvson to do tide tradirtradartradingg working through the inter- preters eiljahelijah nardarddard Didilicdimicidamicimici B hliiintintonuntin ton and Alexaalexanderlderader VVhilulivilil liams lleanvhile the supply viaonsviaaoons from salt lakekakelurae city had arrived on the lortnortnorthwesthvest bank of the ilverriverilvenkiver ulderuldenunderwidermider the Udirec-ireckiecklecarec tion of daniel ilH neilsdellsnelisifellsinells tiietiletlle oods aeverewerere truiisportedtran sported d crossorossoroseacross the 20r stream by the settlers

18 ibiiblibidd luaiuaayiyy 22 161s0igo5 U 19 loclop cit 20 ikasikakha1 bi sd 1aa y 4 3 1850 16 cn laynayay 24 relsideritpresident loullouniiciincicilincouloun abrad irtyairtyt artyrty leflerledleftlerlieroc ttneane settiesettle-ttleatle 21 ment arriving at salt lakeake itycity oron tetlle follainfolloinfolfoiloin aldayy iayaaya y 252 5 itlt vsass tlet lee policy otleofo-I1 the lorrilorriionlorrisonionlon lederledarleaders to censure anya ayiy of their churiclurchurchchur 1 cienenocrsciboibersluers 1louioonaJU altyailtyailcyUIitylty ofor vilvilfallyviiilfallyrullylulluilully 1yay istreatestreatitstrcciti ing anon Indiaindianii itt d scciliccil cecineecinaeecjlri iellellei inli clethelneule lo100 ererseryy in 2 1aitaltjait lake cityoltyity 01on junejunohiieuiie 14 150 soiesolesoiieboie of01 tdetneade colocoloichloicoloisuisuu 3 dronfromdrom utah sileyzelleyvalleyI aceuaccuseded olof01 unsungunsatisfactoryuiuilull I z3ctory colcoicondactcondaceldluct coci tietle 22 indians erevercvere ttried eideldaidaldeldand leprireprireprimanded&ldeldl

eiereleraleralleraideralder 2regtuiisfiireatens ldsacreLd sSacres icreacre ovietteloviette3oviette3 Ow iettelette gqulitcqantrsirsdisvis thedherne iniii lalialian-ianbiamb us a oieole rezlaiiiedrerd ineained JLJrairlyeairlyL irly deceepeaceialpeccepeaceJ e ccfuichruliallullui tolitolltoai L balbnl c3cacoloiiglooiisls

2 ay of 2 ort l-lului uliinliicilclilil julyrulyaulyJ alyuly 18501617c L itc til6tincuiancu tilietiiietilletibieU kliekile1 lielleile tiietile litzlelituleditzle COcolony111oliy

1 ojik jsjdlajsujmj cneqf e 0 y 0 oji6 01 juj u jcjaajax x JCJCLILLI L cj y roiffoxzoxor eatiioyiien u cajccajebajc d ieriller e i uglyujlyu s 1yay nerneda e tto3 tileiltine i iiasucrdd kniefjniefi elfeifelc gliedcilere r feelinfbeeline e JL i iusiiflasiifflasikiusti utterortee c successsuccessfusuccessfuloliccessll1fu riarid in ljaliforilia vvhiclih i ch ilettea liililniiiiii eliduldcudgud hisnisbis duladulddelaajanddelua a tildusqlnoa3cnd1 iadlad stolen borseshorses visited lvadveJ oveovernorgovernorriiorribor riglillriehafarigliariiarii zonnzounyounyonn 13rloilori or permissioncerLis slonsionskon to rintfintdint ti-tlletiketlele shoshonesk3hoshonesShosno shones or olceoncee indians aiandi 1I use sosorlesorieie of tbnobn88 yoanyoun aeldeldendenaen

jlerhe atut x ort utanotanotah in the exexpeditionetletietioiietiopik L oii raierale2 irjofcnoroverior ouldouid ilotliotzlotalot listen to it batdatdutbut counseled the vurliit cief to cessecease ililiiill biltingin and sisiieddinsiisilsll eeddindin of blood zoror tilis lauiiiiuinedened4ned insult he retreturnedunedcuned to

21 1i oidolduld y 42 llo100log1sas C 22 luidibid ouelueone 14 10501150 2 3 j jj 3 botnootn3 0 ti 0 citcieioeloL p illllil 0 ccitit p 24044240-4 C al4144l1 147

ailey aji Q alx JL JLJLLJLLJL ilg ulanutezi valicalley lji ce 11 t lx licilc tijlcid 3or olatuou1olag U toU

u I- U L z hundred rriorspriorswarriors reppedpredrepredrzre blufredfeedkl-re tLJ da etcotcc tibe liitleliutlei 1 t 1 e lorbzorbjr und masiliailla 0

L sucre its iliinilllalnlaiabitcaiitzoitaiib inicL S 1icrvorc r v or vasv s eeicarcjc 3 u r e d Loy soee young gaovgo cor of liellehisllis youn arriorjilarrior3 diioviiovao stistillsulli11 craved uilullau offorblinityopportuidty lorforrorforL re

4 geuee coror L 111 1 a d nis1.1 bgiid velivellveneveue fforror thetjie idlliikillingie of ji U zilellefilkI adod risr isLs oaiidmaiid the levirevlrevireviousouis e u cryry scs i uo ebraebracrybr zienierhe bellilereiitbelliocreiit ivavaesI1 es cqipedchapedc&aped to tletue east of lnetiietiletlle

c fcorlforbcorbor t rrttieirgieiraireir iloiseslorsesnorses ate caaliallail11 ttiietiletllelielle settlerssettlers croerocropsps excelexceptA those in thelnecne eidcideld yortort field 24 ciefoief loletteloietteooietteoo ietteletteue ianitnidthedth dobaldooalodout&dout tiietiletlle sasdeadelleilelie luader of01 braves vasva s cacappedcampedL cd near tnetlaealae fortdort cisoalso i1ieiinen ilellelle learcedlearnedledrnea of aloisalcisS treachtreacherouserouscrous planpian tletiethetle cidoldoidCIC chiefcnicfohlef0hief cacaiiecabieae into thetue ffortort personally and warned the ccoloiiistsalonioloni stsats of thaniscnisL s bloody plot isaaisaacisdacc ibeelizliellelizbeeii bee

1 captain xeterdeterjeterj 4.4 donoverconover and laetaebileulle otrenobnerer leaders at the lortfortdortzortcort llliedi6telyiutiiediutely i ade preperctionsir 1 pa r t ionslons to defend themselves lj

l- ilillidelullidlelulluilullluliiLillideildelidLe describes this tensetanse sltaltsitaationsituationuationbation vitnvitldvirld Uuheuhauneilleiia roifolrolfollovinlovin soveitesovieiteSovisove eiteelte told Iiiifcbeelibbee thattnaana b if lieeieelene coaldvoaidvoaldlivould ietlelletleb 1illililii he bouldbaldoaldouidouldiould coicoleolc ojcbojcojeac inI1 itaithit11 his evarlvvarlvdrriorslonskons alidanaanu defend tibleae rort0rt Sosoisotsoveiteeiteeltevelteveite tiscalsoeisoelso stersternlystercilyellycilyeliy said to aiereierleikerlelkerjailer lenhen you covenovemove you will find liellepile aandalidtidlid lilymy aielalelnielaiennien in the zortort deferidiriederdefaerending 11T it vasya s i this inin of veiteooveite16oiveiteoovelte alone i bichnich alker 1 nev ouidouldvouldvoboulduld beoe kept thatthot saved the anolevnolev1aole provo colony from a tcrribleterribledrible niassacreniasmassacresacre laernenae settlers stood aithvithiithvitnvatn t1tathelitheiriejlr almsgunslms in tneirtheirkneir hands all night

1 24 Ejjjjjr ii ralliderallineraltullid6epulpuilideilde op cit appp 240241240 241 0 2 bitneynitnitneyihitiieyleyney 0 1 p0.0 1 I 1 0op p 9 it T op cit I1 vol 1 43holhoi431 J h zoothboothoootn cit thornasthoznas31faa s 2papop cit IP 29293030 25 tullidgetultuiTallidge thomas and clark claim that soviet3ovieltete personally talked to isaac 11kaleedaleeiiigbee lilenilehile conover maintains that thetlletile chiefohlef vearnedvvarned hihilihinihihihihlhldili ffirst 220 J TullidtullidlletultuitallidgetalledgeTallidgealeLle op cit p zhixhi4ul44141 143

e a aht 4.4 C 01ri r iealealearainglearningCLI raraingincing ththtt eveleveulfuli tf ul lightnightt i conover0 v er njrrcatesa rra t e s

0.0 L 1 lilealiledailedilleidle e d ilatelya t e ly wciedwriedaie U everyev r Y mnL ii ind-i talt1lthebhee ortor t tltildd b lk11lle11.11 d a olmoumgum anda ad ilaiiaduadjaadjuadd everye v er y manma n arm jiiijolii s L didddixd s u a acaraacira so arrriiril li i lulu7 to defend ouiourselvesjuijur selves itif they laademaue ana i qltacctt a c A 0 john clarcig016olarolg alveives a vivid liedicpicpicturetareture of the event Sowsowiettesowietbeletteiette seeing thatthut he couldntcoaldildit reason aithalthvithwith ialkerraikervalker told hlahim if he aadenadenaaeknade the attack he and hisllisilislils braves ouidouldvoaidbouldvouldv fight lithwithith thetiletiietlle unitesvihitesynites helielleile then rushed to the fortrortsortsontyortyont and toldboldboid isaac aigbeebigbeeiiigbee to be prepared when talkertalken and lishisils warriors celilecelliecane ileklekie said hene uiulaandunad his warriorsarrlarriorsore coaldvoaldvduld be on the nortanortheastl least sndandanaadliaadlla if suikerbalkerjalker alade a cliarecxiarecliar6e from the south hereheraher6ahereabere liefieriene natellLateriintendeddsadeaded to for theuthem to place their nenneumenmeu there aldandaud he 1 oulaouiaould dereladerenadefend theathemthena allailhiihll411.411 niht long valuervalker lnaaadand his iaeaideajaen iaoledhowled whooped and rallied for an attack then joliettejowietteJow iette and his men touldlouidwould do the sanesaraesamesamse alkertalkersalkercalker1 then retreated kiikilklikiiowinknowingowin he wasas no delatch for thebhe orlonioriionsori1ormiorislolsionslons and half the arrlarriorswarriorsarri ors led by thetiletrie deterildetenninediineddined sowiette6owietteSow letteiettekette I1 thinkthilkthink it waswa s one of the most ailxianxiousus lights vewe passedassedoed through rhhenen talkersalker found oliette6oiettevoietteowiettegoletteow as determined as lliiiselfniraselfnilaniraselfseif helie savegave up and made peaceiettelettetiitiltneane fjlloirigfjllowingfollowing day about noon for some flour alaaldandalqana some beerbeef altogether in both baldsbandsban- s there ere between four and five hundredbundred indians at fort utah that night and probaprobablyoly onetone ttentntenannth asao many TAhiteswhites bullets whistled over the fort OQ 297 throughout the night batbut iiono110113 one laswas hurtnartnurt

ecclesiastical ulauluandana ntellectualintellectual 17itqressro resress iniiihll the middle of the leaneanew fort there vaswaswesmas erected a larrlarglargee building fifty feet in length which waswusas used for enarch services school

272 P VJ conoverC onove r op cit p0 10 28OC john ciarolarClarclarkolareCC 2aaaop cit appp 565 6 29 J booth PPop cit p 10 149 a recreational hall aldaadand civic celtercenter this buildingtd lasvaswas prpro-0 ject of considerable interest elidclid importance to the nevnew com unityinanityra rhenahenhenvhen it was completedcomplecedcoiuplezedcomplecompie ced president 7 righambigham young came 30 from saltsaitgaitgalt lakeJ city to dedicate it hiiehile the colonists verevenewerewene in residence at tontforttortyort utah the utah stake of zion wswas organized by president brigham young assisted by Z leberleuerlaeber C hkiiklidieballiballiiiiballdiaballiii lanchkarchlarchllarchinarch 19 1851 with isaac higbee as president john blackburn and thomas illiswillis 31QI as coalcoulcoansellorscounsellorscoancounsellors rhile at the fort on 1aarahaarchliarch 20 1811851 pres-

1 ident youneyoangyoung ordained eliasellaseilas I1hl blackburnblackburn to serve as a temporal bishop 322 isaac nigbee was to take care of the spiritual activities of the community AsAQ in the fort on its first site all religiousreligions services were conducted under the direction of isaacisacc iiigbeelaigbee and counsellorscoun sellors in a letter to the deseretieseretsenet iewslewsbewsevvsL president nigbee elvesgivesgives the following interesting veeweeklyly programproEretreq1 of religiousreligions and educational activities held in the schoolhouse at hortbortorttort utautahh on the sabbath preaching sabbath evening prayer meeting monday eveniiievening singing school tuesday evelingevening lyceum wednesday evening sevelseventiesseventies1tiesldiesl1 meeting thursday

300 E W tuiltuiiTulitullidgeidge 20op cit p 24040 IUJ booth op cit p 10 31 history of utah stake 91op cit larchinarch 19 1811851 322 ilasliaseilasbilas n blackburn ilasellaseilasaliasliasllias ii11 niacjcburnjdlac&burn arnalurnalJojournal unpublished journal in possession of his son joseph rdackbarnblackburn0lackburn ladayololladaycolladay utahutan p 5 150 prayer meemeetingtinotinL friday eveeveningalliuiii sspellingellin schoalscnoolschoolscho3l aandundnd on saturdayoatardayoat arday eveningdirdin thetibe les-lesserleaserser aronicaaronic j driespriespriesthoodprieslhoodthoadtho3d andalid day schoolevl5l theynehe first sunday school at ontyortort utah avasvvasas held in the

bobowerye ry L john nuttall1uttallrunttallrintruutrunt talltailtaii 7illiajwilliaj0 A 6.6 llen alduldanddanacandduna usandusan iloderkoderoper weregere the officers nd teachcroteach lraeracro school ivaswas organized herenerenene at the secondsecona site of fortzortort utah by william rlirstiirstarstbirst a lollonuonnon lorraoniuorraonlorrayn allaandariaalluana assassistedisted by georgeU eorge k beabeann nirstbirstilirst bound for the california gold fieldsleidsfields stopped for a chilevnilevhile at the ffortrortort and ta aghtughtaught school fforfonor a living helielleile proved to be a good educator but continued on to califcaliforniaorniaonnia in the spring of 1811851 35 the school house was also used as a theater lome of the participarticaparticipants1pants in these entertainmentseiitertainments vere bolivar roberts

I1 1 I 1 led and a number of illiamiljiamwilliam liirstfiirst17irst I harlow tedfieldedfieldredfield thetae older school students thefherhe productions such as william tellidelittellrelireil lochiel robin rough head ere presented and received favorable re- ceptioncep tion 36 the price of admission was grain veveoetaolesablesabiesetableseteatables m- olasses taliovtellowmaliov candles or hateverwhateverhatever thetae settlers coald use or trade

33 isaac aigbeebigbeenigbee ietterletter deseret levsjeasjews february 21 18518218.52 34 D taylorraylor biographies of utah pioneers un- iarialania provo pioneers compiled and iii possession publishedpabli sledshed record of T riorioneerszioneerszioneers of ivrsivars taylor provo otahutahutahsutahj p 53 35 Gjr i ideanldean op cit appp 646564 65 36 loc cit 151 although there vasvesas no rlilarplilarrebul6r mail route the first postofficepost office at the nev settlement viasvasves knon as utah lakelarce 111 aichhichwhich continued by that ciamenemenamenemar tiiauitilaustiltil 185318 3 v hen it vas legally changed to irovobrovo city isaac ligbeebigbeeiiigbee vas the first postmaster serving until ibo1831853 henkhelwhen luciusluclusnaciasnacius I1i scovil3covil viasvas adappointedointedhinted to that 37 positionasiosldsi ti oil

civil jevelopmentdevelopmentevelo amentpment lealleeileelle&l1 alaaldandalqana ecclesiasticalocclesiasticalcclesiasticcjl courts aisaasrisAs aasas related earlier in this chapter utan and rrovozrovogrovo city received their legal birth vIlilehilehiievhilebililevilile the colorcolonistslists vere living in the nc fort 38 according to the earliest utahutan county records dating back to inarch 3 1851 court viasvas aelanelaheidheldneld that day in the school

TY riousenouse htt ortiortlortborti utahlitah on a theft case state of deseret vs lienrylienaynenry ayr llyreallyreiyr e therherne grand juryJ iiryairy composed of leterieter1eteraeter I1oiceloiceboicebolceDolceo ice laviddavid canfield

0 orav rhomasrhomasyhomas lisonilson 0 randallcrcindall lilsliiselliseiliseills aidseamszamsains 0io Xit rodgers peter conover ladlesladleevaniesjaneejamesjameeT goffgorfG orfoff jamesJ ames bean U- JC case and illiamwilliami valivailvall found the defendentdefendoltont L milty the sentence passed vyas a fine of koo000300003000000000300.0000 and coartcourt costs or three yearsyearstayearst labor on public 30397 lio140iiorksiiowiorksrksres county officers asinsusinsusing durtpartpurt of the school house in fortzortyort

37 J octhoothrooth 22op cit appp 18 D aylorfaylorraylor 22op cit P 57 38 jff ante p 139 39 11 utah uourityuonnty clerks ecordecordsrecordsecordsllec ordssll unpublished records of coartcourt proceediniproceedingproceedingss aldalid minutesniniminiits of official rlleetinseetifi 1 etc oion file iiiui utah county larkclerkWiaraiera Is ofofficef ice crovorrdard V 0 ULutahubahubabU a ran arcnarcn 3 loliol1051011851 vollliievolwaevolway 1 appp 242 4 i-

152

utah as an office oliollocion xarcnarc i 1 1651 veleeieeieere arjiecaronarjiianollanoilraron coljoljoi7onnsonjonnsonleoricsorinsori Cklefklerchiefcnief

1 jujusticeulceolce 1 ilillialliiliaiiiliall iilleril- kileikileriller J x illis associate justices isaac ilibceiiiiliziliibeebeebce ciercler an recorder lealleaileaiiderlaerlderider illias sheriffsneriffsners 1 arifferifflffiff 400 ntt the first election ofdf ijrrovoarrovodovddovo oltscityoltyt J jo13ao13.conductediducted at tebheJ

ded E L L lortforttort on fiorilsiorilrtpril 1 115151 bei- Ioliollovinlovin 1 ere nanaedanaedaed ilisills1liisis aidisaiiisms ictorllailaiiaicyoriiayoricyonyor aviddaviajaviajavidavlaavld 1canfield aajuraaeljuravel3a rauel aciricir kiililliilliaulbilliamjilliamaul bace1aceirace and xidrlov redkededfieidedfieldieldleidbeld derencilderencilcliderel davildaviadavinjaviajavidk amsgluff liililillillitiailliaiaialaiaia all chauncy larnerlurnerturner feidizeldizeidize lalkaiial ieliellogkellog106log jalesjdiesjailesjaiiesjaikes ji ivie J iloertnilbeilbeartlarthartL naasnavsijaws lo10ossS S

i R rogers lijiiids21ijlas I1ix aisoniisoniiisonibison and JoijoljoilathanJ olaonalathanchanchbn 4.4 dukedoke council lelnelalelinen 121iheahelieile couiicoancilchancilcouiicilclicil theltheu aappointed thetiietile froifolrololl3wiafollovinlovin ofofiicersofficersI1acersiicerscers gegeoreG eore0rge

A 7 1 V iseatseabeanneaniI recorder ersiJersjersliongarsgenslionilonlonion 0 kcaseouseousalseabaase city marshall JJonnohnolin Iiedfordzedford assesassessoror lijaniljanelijahalijan Eii soldelsoldenjolden collector 0jaiiiesanesames A ollins ireasarerfreasurerirealreatreasurerfrea sarersurersarensuren james beaulbeanbequl supervisor 41 thetiietile first session of the coanciluouncilbouncil ilsibss nelaneldheldheid in the school ao races nou3enouisenoune in fort utah prilaprilriiril 28 1851 the first ordinaordinances P in brief ere 1 1 sachsecheach able bodied nalenaiemaleluale citizen over eighteen

years shoalsshoaldsliculd orlork one day a yerye 1111 r oriorlon the public roads 2 tim- beroer cutcuu alaandananaI1 lovedelloalloelioalallovedalcoveded to lie liorefioreia3re thalthantilelianlen thirty deysdaysays vitvithoatvithoutviwithouthoutthoat baielbainlbeing

1 aayauy haiilediwuled alaysayelayeayatay becanebecame ailyoiielsanyone propertyproperuproperny hoI1 haaledhaulechadlechaaleyI itiu 8dayay 3 liveryliveryjivery land olneroner vas required tobo adiendiepaaiepaane a cbocizodoodooci substalsubstadsubstantialsmbstantialktialkrial lencefencerence 42 ivecnnile as mentioned irin chapterciiaptercnapter 1viivilI in tthistyiss paper 43 40 ibid ilerchkerchlarchercharch 1 1851 p 1 41jJ i u enselensen10eiisen op citcigCJCJGG p 79 41 I1loidoi d appp 308130 81 431f1 i- ante p 75 153

ecclesisecclesijecclesiasticalaicalaicala courts nadllad oeeiueeiojei i fulctionirl6auctioning iiikiikli the nerne-nevv colony caitecuite efeffectiveL ectiveiy typicalTypic cilcli of tiese vosvv6svvhs a coailcintcolijlaiut braroahbroahulatulhtc in a bisnopsbishopsbishoplsBisnobishoppsls court by iamueijcsiulielcamueihamuelia mueimuel C rattcratt aiiiia&&insta iiii titomastiiomas21131fias21131ilasfias kossross for milling a yearyearliriyearlingilliliri steer the decision apareiitlyapparently accepted by both vvasvesas thath4thatbhatit ross should siveelveeivedivegive itattdatt oiioilolloleonee halhaihallhali ol01of the 44 steer and keep the ot-otherogherilerier iiiilililifhalfnaifneiff for viiiterilterllterininterinininterian it part of tltneaneI1 e MIminuteslutesnutes or arrictherriotheralotheranother bishoptbishopedishobishops5 trial which vere laoreidorenoremore of a domestic latarelaturenatarenature read the following charges erekerevere fully sustained by the bisnopbishopbishops court ist that he strackstruck her avithvvith a leg of mat-mut- ton and2nd that ne threvshrev datterbutterdutter nilon iniiailalla herberilerllerlier face ard3rd that he threthrevshrev a hotnot cacakecacee at her aldandalidacid hit lerlenherner in the face with theme saliesallesallie ath4t4that that he aranvran L laernerJ nose she said 1rt I illiiivillvili never colnecoine oackback to him again says he 1ff I dontdonadon1 ant ner to come dackback the decision vasas then readreuddead thetthat the chargescnarges for abuse halashass beelbeen I1allyuilyullyrullyfolly stainedsustainedsa brother silsiiVilliawilliallvilliaiiiwilliamlWilliaLlliiiiilil thellthele spwiespoeapoeewie at sojie lealenthienlenleathlengthth slisilsiisnoringvdn6 the conselconseaencesiuences of disoleuieiicedisooeaience allaalidalka the resultresuit of separ- atinating man and tiferilevireylieyire ai&illalnaanaid c3cacounsellercounselledcounselledselbelbei ed tiieiatneiiitsieia tobo jee still and speakp ea kellkeilkelik eliell of eael 0otnerun er

1 1i industrialinduInda strial expansion hiiechilevhilelilenile livirilivierilivingC inlillii the fort onou its secosecond ud site tlethe settsettlerslars bebeanariarl to develop ilevnevnav industrial projects at the sahiesahlesame tinetime those builtdulitbulit while iniiiliilil residence at the

44 droveirprovoprove fourth eardward records september 18 1853 quoted by J E booboothtiLL 9op citt p 31

L 45 vi I proveprovo ilrhirdphirdtiraairdkira burdvurdurdura shopslishouslishopsLi1ishaiishdishols Is ourtjoart lnainuuiaute6inatoinatbina tb liarclliarchdiarchi 12 185918 unpublished records coy iniiiill possession ofor bisiiopjbisnop artnur D taylor 154 old fort were continued and enlareedenlarged in the sprinepringdringspring and surisurfsumnersummeruner 0ofI1 1850 isaac nigbeeI1 and james Aii onith built a grist lalliidill chichvhich vass ready for grind-

1 46 ing A henlenken the grain vas ririee in the sanesame year thomas CGX 47t 0 illiaraswilliamsmilliarasW illiafasaras opened the first store inhi the nev colony shadrack noldaaynolnoiloldavaylolaloiaLolddaayavay and AlanlansolansojlsorjL iortonnortonI1 in 1851 built and datdutpatput into operation a carding mill cinceoincejiiice most of the clothing of the rV ort utah pioneers vasas ndenaemudemuae from homespun ooi001boolwoovoolool the carding mill proved a kaluavaluavaljjolebleuieule addition to the litbleliable col myouyony 488 bilblisilsiiallhll of the cabins on the first site of fortjortort utahutan and the first buildiiioaildingss on its secondsecona site vere of cottoncottonwoodvoodyood boxelderboxelder or pine logs batbutdut in 1851 several adobe housesiiousesnouses vere built donathanjonathan hoods being given credit for the first one 49 Ddaringduringuring the same year the firstarstfirst lime in this nev community 50 aaswasas burned by joseph I1echamlechambechamacham

population increased colonists loveliovegiove out of fortyortort during the spring summer and fall of 1850 there A-ass a su- bstantial addition to the nenev colony in order to take care of the increased population the settlers nadhad to build an

46 J hi booth 04op cit p 16 47 storyastoryastonyi of erovocrovojrrovo ms op cit fall of 1850 48j B op c booth0 0 th it s p 15 4499 j 2ullidltullidletullidgeTulyulyuilidLelidgee cit p 270 aj505jj jensen op cit p 62 15loo155105 addition to the ilelleleeneenev colony in order tcbu raaeoaeakeke c-acreccrere cior tletheuU ieI e increased popalalionsopapopapo laLionuialioii tneane etuiercetlifcretnier I1 xidilzailzdxia LO sailaduila an addition to 51 tieuieuletlletile fort on tiietlle soatisouthsoatn slaeslue molgmongnong tiio6etnoseenose aeaaenkilen vita idiiiiiiesfaiiiilies coming at this liiketiiketiiiie vere vogillianlilrilriiliaLa Li wullwall qoiiathanjoiicitlian lakelukeluukeljukejunke david cluff david perrod johnjqhnjolinjorin baudnaudrauallaoniraunibaum liisilislils1111is eamsearnsearms iiarlogiarlo v redfieldredKedfielafield thomas ililliamjwilliaiiij luciusluclus 1 scovil the allockullockzullockbullock railyfailyrallyralfaizaiailyally t1tathelieulekle robertskofertsko&erts family and prlilanderplail8nder oltoiigoltougoltonolt oiloiioli alaandaudana f6raily52family the writervriterls great graiadfgrandfathertlaerblaer notwithstanding the danger of indian ttacksattackoattacco andanaanu tlethetilie iomonlomonbomonormon leaders advice to fort apup 11TT the colonists daringduringduning 1851 and the early part of 182 uedroandcoanailallbiibai to lovehovebove oatout of tiietlletrie fort and settle on tneirtdeirsneir city lotlotz alaandalidanidana farmsfurrasburras lne tiercierclerbier 0ofL blocksLIOCKS

I1 adjoining ailallainlainiain street ifaniftnziftri viest being thetneane lirstbirst1irsthirstL occuiaeddecadecuoccapiedoccupiedoccadiedpleapied by the el-elaeiaelaendenad of 1854 fortkortzortort utahutan iiasliasilasaiasco aliaost vacant some of the settlers scatteredcattered as far a the nouthmouth of brovo1rovorovo canyon therhefhedhe extent to vvhicnvii tubbuebub jectlerscelersjettler3 did sietasletasspreadrezdletaietanezd oatout is illustrated by tiietiletlletneane follojlfollovviugc f petition to brigham yoangyoung froiafrom those yet living oiion the toxisitetoviisite iaylayaayivay11 ay 19 lo2loa102 of the church auriatnoribiesuaoiiorkori tiesbies ntnot one singleL ohewiemieone lives in the city butoatout ishopbishopoishop ulackbarnulacKidiac1ibuzribarnburn is uuildjoaildinga so there is prospect of joreoneie off the city authorities datdutjutoatout of fifteen therethenetriene are taotwo alderuieialdermenA aiandid tlreealreetnree couaselorscoanselorscounselorscoanscouns elors iniiiklidil the city andasidana or policeiaerpoliceiiien rivefivedive olycly3c ly live lain the city oatout

511 V E tullidltaituitallidgetalledgeTallidgeey op cit 11.p 241 5ppww UJ E booth op cit p 11 E tullidgerulruiFalliageilagelidge op cit p 241 156 of iififteenft e elieaiezi post office amillamqllamon tiitiotxiee missing your petit lowers are desdeedesirousirouslrousidousarous fforroror tiletlletiietue veieelfarevelfarevelfdrevelraiefarerare of tiistilstnishiis place and feel duty bouldbound to akask you to tuke irtointo coiisiderconsiderationtiollcioll oarouroanoun circucincucircumstancesListances CAolaandonai d if it is cocoicoleolcoiisistdiiti isistdiit vee vouldvoulabould 0oee eartbeartneart ily ludiudiladtiadaladlad if rrokrocroaroL ro geoG eo 4A.4 siaitriaitrasmitn would be appointed to take the lead in matters lereereterenereL and vee feel disdisposedasedosed to 1 inelne contrcontriduconbriouleiDu 11 e liliberallliberalaliberallynerellberall toitoltovrdsras unildullduliduliadullabuildunildinainalndinintin hiihifhlfhifaa a nouse and otierotlerotner imimprovemenus5provemen cs 3

11residentpresident yolinyourlyouriyouin accoiaparllaccompanieded bbyy apostle8.8 1 Z stie keorcekeoroekeoleoveo roerde A mitlimatlismith and othersotiiers nadeejdemcidemjde a trip tobo 1rovobrovoj rovonovo to see lorforzor himself holaon the colony vasas droproprogressingdesressinnresressingsinn at a special conference nelaneldneid iain the boibolboweryery at provo july 17 1321852 under the dlrecti3ndirection of presi-

youlyounyonn eo 1 1 t dent riglrighamrigliaiabighamialaiaialala kd the peopleeolele voted for brother eoreI1D ifathntharnithjrnith to gor-o and regulate affairs in utah county andundanauna preside over thenthem the ffollowing day july 18 iniliilliri a lundaylundey korningborning6iorlllil service president laithsmith nominatednominbtedjaoidlnated isaacisoac iii6oeehigoeehigbee andana dominicdominicus as carter lorfortor nishis coansellorscounsellorscoancounsellors both received unanimousalanlulaniananimoasmous ajprovalapproval i hisnhishhigh Coulchancilcoancilcoulicilcoancilunellleliicillell selected from thetlaebhealae vreriousvriousvarioaslousiouskous settlements of utah county aesvaswes also aprovedapproved 54 att the same aeetiii6meetiucs brovebrovoproveprovo was divided into four adswardsrds itllitilvith the folloinsroifolrolloinsiding bishops sustained jonathan 0 duke first ward southeastsouthea6t section of tovnjovn tamesjames birdbird seconaseconu vardward south liestidesti4estvvest elias ii blackburn thirathird ward northnortnvvestavestvvest aldandalid villiamwilliam

your 1 A 55 i ellali811voll fourcourtnyourtnh rardvardardara northeast apparently either on the samesarae date or very shortly after williamNilliam fausett viasvas chosenc1losencnosen

5c 3 LDS journal history op cit iayikulayluyaay Y 19 1352 54 thonasthothomasfaasraas bullock letter illennialmillennialmillenniallilenillenkilennial oterotar0tertar 1430 hiovemnovemberderoer 27 1852 r 55 gro xi op 6 loc100roclocl00 ilail1eitcitelt libshilusbilus ii blackburnbieckblaekBlacK Durnourn citt s appp 565 157 83 bishop of the ifaniftnziftla vardwardyerdyacacaravara vnichvihichmihich includediiicluded ailallalieileli biao4iaono lived 56 on the provo riverkiver north of titneanele townsite

later that summedsummersareareurhinerrimerbimer I1deorejeorexeor6e A liditsiditsraitnii vith one of nisuis

rt n families ovedtixoved to provo traetruedrue to their promiseA the citizens

iealeaJCI presented aimalmnimnira ith a hoasehouse anichvnichVV nicudIcU ueliilbeing too lareiarelarge for lisnisLs I1funirunium ily he in turn deeded it to ITOVOITOVOprovo city for a puoiicplioiic oiiildingbuildiiig itlt became knoknovaknoonknovnva as titlethele aeiaelJenjeninaryjemaiinaryliarybiary baiidino alduldand veasyeashasvas located on 1 thetneane i-eszvestest side of iiainiasiniaainkluin flythfifthififth 0 est street leacleecrearnearceenneen the intersection of arstirstfirst iiorthnorth street 57

50 J E booth 22op citc it p 21 57 marlamariacardar J a D taylor apqp cit 1p 353 01lipterl4pterCHAPTERj XI

fostFORTFOKT UTAHSulisukis PRT IN1 LATER liZIAlizia11ildi 11 deprsdafloidepredations

fortgort utah a ilitarymilitaryliilililitarstary base by the close of 1821852 fort utah vas almost deserted 1iioveverioveverwever it remainedregained iniliiniira service to a varying dewreeaereeaaeree as a valuablevaluaoleadieadle leansmeans of protection and aran im

orfant1.1 drtantortant military base antil tlletiletiie close of tiietiletlle jiajorziajor indian de-

predations it served as necaaahrterbheaduuartersheadquarters Uuldundilklik A aas3 allailarian aarmoryrmoramor florlonfonor the utah county 14ilitiaalitiacilitiajijilitiailitia during the interval between the battle at ontkortbort1ortkontort utah in february 15018506 andaud the outbreak of the alkertalkerpalkerpaiker 1varV aarr in 1853 tlenetherethene erevere actually no opeilopen hostilities otlerotherothenotner than the pre-re

viously related 0 alkeraikenalken181ker soiettesolette3oviette eisodeepisode inilliiilii july loo150100 beteendeteenbeleenoeteen the 6hiteswhitesvvhites and the neadelreddenneamen irin utah valley hoeverhowever due to a lumbernumber of causes aichhienhichhlenchichvhich liivillviiiili beoe di-discussedscussed later in thisthib chapter it dsas necessarynece oshryosary to lavatailalataii&intbina acan active eilellwellweilweli traiiiedtrciined aldandcaldcindcand fully armed militialiiilitiamilitiq dtat z rovocrovo oapteilcdptbin 1eterieterleterireterbreter W coiiovergoxiover alaaiidabidana cledcheroledotilerocherot1lero fortdorteort utah lililitielilithelidlitiedidLid litie 0ficersfibersofficers vith their iuenfuenfilen erekerevere 11keptept olioriorlon the alert durirllduriellduring those years s discussed in thetae pipreviousevious asterusterapterchaptercaaptercnaptercacn i1 contrary toco righambighambrigham younoyounsyounoss unsellingcounselliiiccounsellingco the coloniscolonistscs had novedmoved out of tiletrie fort prematurely indian trcuulestroublestrouoles quite frequently at first had forced tnctneane settlerssettsettilerslorsrs oaclbacijacl only to scatter agallagailagain neilnellheia the Laualauaediziaxraediaueeditediz le danlerdaiiclerdalgerdanger vtvs6 over Presidepresidentut youlvounyoun6 remarked

1 cicf ante appp 145141455555 159

01-on1 oleolleolieoileone occasion tnatanat11that helielleile could not nakelaakemakeinake the people ffortrortdortort up 112 but Qchiefh lef talkersalker could

pajaritpararitldarpear ent colocolony to utah couloduacounty tolsfonstonstowns wilninwitninni tai la tvuo0 years after the foundiiefounding of cortortorbzort ulanucanU ohncanoan ca laumbenumberlarumber of otherotner grow-ro ing cofamuiicomiunitiescomicommunitiesunitiesitiesaties ex oeiingheiing for about forty aliesailesnileshilesmiles had been es teoliteolishedt&dlishedsnedshed irin utah county rhernethetiietile yearbyears 1818021800520 522 savisav the estabbestab lisniaentlishialishiaeriteliterit of ha 0 areane eloinisnonknjinanjinislolnolnon loday bs lainlaidleinleililelii aiaericaiiaiiiericcii iteriderlderforksork alpine ilealieaPleapleasantplea3antpleayantsantyant grove springvillespriugvilleSpringvillevilie spanish forkfonkyorkyonk Payslaysonpaysonoii aldandarldarid saitasaltaaaita6aitajantajbnta ququini 11 theethese settlements endandena others formed later especially those to the south of jortzortjontyort utah grev outOUL to a beatyeatgreat extent fronfrolafrom the provo colony its exisexistencetelicetelleeterice helped to make possible their groathgrowth even the early settlements of sanpete alaaldandaudana juab counties like inosetiiosetnose in utah valley cLependeddepended considerably on fort utah and subsesuasesubsequentlybentlyuently brovoproveprovo for militaryt protection thus it luaynayruay be correctly stated that ifrovobrovorovo city is lotnot only the county seat butout also the darelparelparentit of utalutah county

fort utah militia oiloa reconnoiterillReconnoiterrecomicicomioi ferineiLL lx2expeditionsaltaitditditionseditionsionslons in order to maintain the necessary rmilitary protection of these c llelevnev coloricolonieslesieskes expected oaof it the 0 ort utah militia made several recolnoiterinsreconnoiterreconnoiteringing merchesmarchesmarclaes leterieterreferzeferzeter conover describes oleolleorieonieone as ffollows

20 J E booth 2lal21op cit appp 9 39 louiou

in janejune 180igo1850 I11 received an order to tataetaletace0.0ce sohlesome ilenriennenmen and reconoitrereconnoitre the coultrycountry andalid see ahatwhat the kadikedlLadiindiansallsafisaLis vereeeeere doing I1 tooktoo tentytwentyfivetwenty rivefive nelnenmenietleilet andana eltvelzventvenzent datoatout to aitaltsaltsait oreecreekgree Jtuloulo uouiitygolantygoanty theitheltilen apup the canyoncunyon to cuoc ainsrins aldand camped some of the men vent andanaang dotot tiielitnemgnem some saitsalt ththee next morning v e startedotarted6tdrted dodoldondoandowldownan andziadeldaana canlecanieeaniecame noiienoaiei1jile 3 perhaps thetilietille most laiidiidlinportinportantimportantoortdortaritDortaltelitaritantenit reconnoiterreconnoiterinrecorrioiteril6in expedition of the fortdort utahutan ivmilitiaLi litia daringduring theethesethege year alaaldandalgana one tiiattnatgnat defiritelydefinitelydefiiiitely illustrates tae oartpurtgurt plareaplayeaplayed byoy the provo anitunit in providinprovidenproviding military protectprotectionprotectioriiori not only for the otherottierotner utah county settlements batbut fforfonronor a number of the central and southern utah coloricolonieslesiesleb vasyasyesas alade aaringduring thetnebheane spring alaandandknaalla eerlyrlyaly siuaisluaibandnerbannneraer of 1831853 by prilapril 233 1853183 thehe indian relations decaniebecumebeaume so

serious that governorG overnor JDri&iamjdrinaxn yoangyoung vvrlovarlono avesvveses thentheilthell dasdaopa-passings ing

1 ththroanthroueethroueroudroue L I provo on an inspection teartour of the settlements issued a pablicpublic prociamatioiiproclaiaatioxi part ofor v hianhicnvuich loliolfoiroirolfoiloinslollopslollopylousiouslopsloiNs 1 brightabrighaaBriglaahaaa yoalyoulyoan governor indandanagnac superinteisaperinbendenlidelit of inillirilri e wory alanakan affairs for titneane territoryTerri Lory of utalutahutan I1 inirilrikli order to pre- serve deacepeace ciaellcibellqueliqueil the indian and secure lives andalid property hereby order andondund direct thetobadhaoha L a small detachment consisting of thirty ceelceen from proveprovo anderunderandenunden theune charlechareecharge of captain allkliaallezildlliall uroceedproceed outlidutlisoatisoatn throulnroanri the entire extent of the settleiaeisettlementsttsats reconnoiterreconnoiterinreconiioiterinin lnethecne couilcouiicountrytry aiaalaalaaldaidand direct-airellairecl ilging thetneane inhaoitanbsilihablitants to be on cuardcaarauardwaraward udainacilotcil6t alyariyarlyany saddenud aeridellderi surprisesarsurprise 4 daint the readiness andalidanaena ailliiitiiessvviliingnes of the iortlortbortort utah liiiitiaiviilitia to respond to official call is proved by the fact thutthatthut approximately forty men edeerevere ready to go0 o thezhe followinsollowiniollolfoilollopingloping day oliollon apriapril1

3 P conover0 riovermiover 22op cit p 10 4 proclamation by governor dri&4aiuurignam yourisyoanyoun opriladrilapril4prilrtpril 23 1831853 quoted by 0 1iai1 iitneyvnitneybitneyVn11 itleyitney 22op cit vol I1 i 51212 igligiifal 24 1853 captain 7feilpfeil71a11 andaridarldanid hinis cavalrymen left 11provorovo traveling southbouth the comicompanydaibydaiiy traveled about five huldredhundred miles inspectinspectingilieilleirie the military strength of tietle various 6ettleisettlementsrielitsliellerie lits making timely susuggestionsestiorisestiorisloriskoris consulting vitnvatn iriirliriendlyfriendlyirieirle ridlyendly ildiIndiindiansarisanis and aiding the criticaleritcriberlbicalkcal coldcordcorditilcorditisconditionitil ri llerlierwhereveriier ever theyblaey vedeedeerevere needed 5 they returned to provo liayhlay 11 1831853

incidents leadleading tot 0 the vfalerbalkerxalker warwer Ass is ti-thele case ithvath nearly all varskars theth e talkerhelkerheikeral Cierlenker alarvlarvfar nad both lzaediateimredialeiMreimoediaLe and reremotenote causes soine lajorbajormajormajon alalaaldulauldandd soa-soalesoulesouiele lnorinorknormin3ririinoririleilelminar soniesodiesome real aialidalaandanaid some lnaluaimaginaryillairiainiar y since this thesis is liuitediiiaitedlimited to borteortort0ort utah and the early history of irovobrovo11rovo it is the intention of titneanele writer to

likeilkelikewisevise limit thibL dortdontportportioniori of the composition generally to those causes relative to the fort and the vicinity of Iproveprovo since it is also difficult to discuss tuheklekie causes chronologi- cally or accordiiieaccording to importimportanceaLace no effort vill be made to intentionally place one ahead of the other because of importance leriaieriaPerlaperhapsadsaps one of the most deeddeep seated of aliallail tlethe ccausesu-ses adswas walker and his associate viarearvar chiefscniefs1 desire to avenge the disasters of his fellofeilofellovv tribesmen durlikduringduning tiietlletue battle at bortkortzort utah in february 1801850 notherhotheranother6 cause liolloriono doubt I1inll11 spite of tietlethe aforementioned irviinvitationtation of alkertalkeri for the vhiteiaenvihifcemen to settle alianongamongrione the redredalenredmenalenaien

5 J jijdij bootnbooan0 c ti11 op cit appp 273272327 233 102 vasas the rellizatiourealization that their huutiiibantingi and fishing sroundsbroundsgroands vere grgradaallygraduallygradaduallyduailydu allyaily bellabeknabeing tulentukeltaken avay from theithelthenthemi gainilliellel thathqthoffthofct inherent desire of the lndiasindians to steals4zeal could lotilotnotot be supplanted 11jl in a brief period of yearyearsD by the vvnilemansueiuan16 lawslaws respectingspeckingrespectingspec ting property rights in the sammersummer of 1831853 an ixincidentideltident occuredoccaredoccuredoccurred at yort utah jaich although circamstantialcircumstantialcarcumstautial yet served as a dellisdelrismeans iniu

0 bhe savasavages uo czzilist o Yv the mildomindo of the Z forrori or tiiitieshostilities dainogolnoziiist the niteswhites herehenethere verevene still some colocii6tscoioniboioni lstselsts living iniiikilkli tae fort on this occasion some indians verevenewere engaged iniiiill the conyacommonoiaola custom of

moen gacinggcingkledleine frollfrodi cablacabin to cabilcadincabin bebeggingClillii 6 for food inelenelinentoen they came to one home they ere netmet by mrsali rs alfred yountyouneyoung a ststrongrorig fearless viomanvidmanvvoman lloulowho ouldouidwoald not allovailowablow tilem to elteeenter one of

l the indians in tlle rear had aca gun vitavithlii its stockstochstocrL restrestinglualna on the ground lietietlelle raised his foot and vith his toe palledpulled the trigger the gun v&svs s discdischargeadisch6rgeadischargedhargea killinskilling taetdetneade indian irin front therhe shotsnot may have been accidental batbut it is thought that its yoangyouneyounayoung probable purposedurnur iosefosepose vasvesas to frighten or kill irsi rs youla the killing of the indian vaswas erierltirelyentirely unaiiticipaanticipatedananticipatedunanticipatedan i tedtea the tvotavotvvo savages vhovjioaho vereere vithwith the one killed lefleftleyt fforfonronor the southzoath shortly Qfterotterortenafter never to be seen in proveprovo again the indian tribe as a whole voulawould not believe the story of the killing batbut ascribed the deed to the vhvv iteshitesnites Ltreatgreat excitement prevailed aiadnallons the red skins 0vhoahoo ho mafiadejiadede tiletiie lightnightllight hideous ithvith their yells and firing 1033 of eulss 6 the spanish i exlexiexicaiamexicanealacaiaeela slavesiave trailtralltrdin expeditions into utah vileyvalleyvdlley referred to in chapter iliiiiill111 of trisblisbrisbr is thesis 7 nadhad continued dtat varied intervc1intervalsintervzls until the advent of tlethetrie iiorinonsiuoriiions chief 7allierballieriker and hisnisni tribesmentiioe aelaennen ould compel tribute iniiiiliill child- rel iromfrom the beakerveakerveaker tribel principallybilcirilci allyaily titiletiietllele piede iiindiansindidnsdialdiar s andalid trade them to the exicanexicansmexicanmexicanss lorfor firecirefirecinnfirecrmdcinnginnglnn anliniticno etc a rnino byoy tlethe territorialicrritoriallerritorial authorities to taesehaesetneoe silveellveslave traders ahovhoho elaiclaielalclaiiiedclaihieddiedhied theycleydley verevereveneene licenlicensedliceiisedlicenoedoed by the jrovernorovernorgovernor of kewnewne liexicomexico aichnichhichchichvhich vaswaswae ttnolightloue ht to be forged datdutoatout if borlaoona ilaeliaeilaelidetideilde oniabouldvould beoe of no value in utah territory only droutdrontarontbrou&it contempt aadandcindcand derision finallyiiiiallyaily one of these slave traders iedroednoledroredrokedro leon ith nishis lartypartyperty vasajs arrested in antlanti convicted in thelnecne court-co urlurcnrc z aldandarldaridanid ordered to leave the erriterritoryxerriterritoryxerritoryL toryory insidsinis hoeverboeverhowever did lotnot stop the trousletroaoletrotrouoleaole comejomesome of the slsiveve truertruer3trueretrdaerj3 retaliretailretdlictearetalietedretaliatedetedetea oy stirrstirriiistirrixigiiikiikli c lipuipulpup the indians and thereby enicourdledencoardeaelcoencoardeaurdea the 6aolderiiisiolaerinsiolaeringrilgrin hatred of alkeraikenalkenalkenaiken aldulaanduna nis arrlwarriorsarri odsors qaiiiotajlvlst the 4dtessnitesvnitesvn ites inernerjae situation berardebecaruebecarde so serious by prilpriijprilapril 18518318531855 that brigilrignaaliamvlamwiam young wasos impelled to issue the proclaprociaproclamatiprocldndtionnatimati dn dtat provo referred to earlier in this chapter this gaveyave captain all auttautnorityauthoritytioritybority lilelliehile on the reconnoiteririereconnoiterreconnoiteringllalnairleirieing iaarchilidrchinarch to arrest dnaunduna hold in custody until proper trial could be ivediveaiven any strolling exicanexmexicanleanicankean artyartyprtyic rty

6 J LI jensen op cit p 121 922 7 clcf ante p 161716 17 164 or suspicious personpers oiiocl 8 lain all eveeventslits it seelSeeiseededseemedded olloiicxiieflefkef uhlikwaikerwalkerer eliaellauilaullauria his inarinanvvandr riorsgiors aeleveievereaeiael c iioilollono llslooilinspoiling for 60 rintfieffinf aldandalidaridarld if a ood excuse did not irelreireseitpresenseitselt G ititself7ellbell the oniefskniefsciaiefs fertile lmaimaimaginationiii6tioii wasds altebiteaiteuite capable of producirilproducing one the fifinalfinaicinallallaiaal excuse ioievernovelernovevernovever came in an incident nichanichvnich occurred near sprinvillespriii6ville oron july 17 1853 A party of indians had beelbeen lisilsfisfisningfiening1 isilningia one of the subassuuasscauas traded 1ijsdjsrs james ivie three fish for three pintspinto of flourfloor n indian apparently her nunusoandband cominacolaillzcominj iintoetontouto the caCQ oilollcin aatt 1thetkhal t time beanoeann to beaseabeatoeatt tneane slaaalaaschavscuav for lutnhutbhutnut&hut helielle tliougattnoagnt was a poor bradetradlebradle ivieivle took the snassuessquadssquaws dartdurtpart andalidana ilu the ensu- ing arustratillee the indian atteattemptedutedbuted to shoot the viiitezaarivhiteirldn but tftlele latter took the indians gun and s tracktruckstruck alanlaiiiii vith it ale later died notherallnotherzalcalAll bucabuckjucduojuo came bo tleuledhe rescue kithvithwith nislils bov aandnd

7 11 aarrorr OOVV ikejlellelie imbs ilkelikelikewisevise layedbayed111ayed iovlovlovi but eventually recovered then the sua turned oiiollon iherhenlerier oenefcfcorbeiiefbctor lidoli do hasaasas olliedooliedoolilyed to strifestriaestride laerner eisoalsoelso A tnirdthirdtiiird indian rhowhoahoho had itnessedwitnessedvvitnessed the fintfightright Q fled to the nearby indiaindiana camp 97

glaeidly 1 the nevis spread rbrabidlyhlapidlypidly aaron johnson civil ulauldaild ecclesiastical leader of springvillespriiigvilleSpringville aldaadand llis associates iletnetmetliet

4 ithedthvdth chief walker and his dravesbraves alduldandarudaarud offered almost adythanythanythinganytning1 116

8 0 F v&itneywhitciey op cit vol I1 appp 5085081313 9 0 FJ whitney op cit vol I1 p 513 Pi gott- freasfredsdreasfrfredsenedseneasenerlefieri gp cit apppp 43543 5 i-

105 althinwithin reason for retrituti3nletri lotion theflierile indians refused uiilessullessaniessunlessliess ivie 6aaaas tamedturned over to them viiiciaviniciavvxiicn in tarlturltarnturn cs rejected indians from the lurge ericalericaqencampmentfuelfaesfuesit dtat the m3atanioatnmaata of 1laysonpaysonayson canyon theathen salsulsausuusugdenly killed alexander leelekeele of laysonhaysonbaysonpayson in the eveningeven ilag1136 10 of J alyuly 19 1853 and the ilkerzikertalkeril i warwurwun vaswas on

fortport utahs part in the Iftalkerfalkersalkerealkernalker earwaremaemm r the nevis of this outbreakoatout breaK reached proveprovo by express early in the norlnornmornmorlingne of july 20 1853 colonel peter W conoverGonover commander of the utah coultycounty iiiilitiacilitiaiiilitiaIIiclirhi litia iminediatelyimniediately called oatout a company of one handreahundred and fifty laenidennenmen aldandaridarld started for the relief of payson upon arriving there the troops of springviliespringvilleSpringvilieville and spanish

fork having previously reached thatth Z3tat place colonel conover 11 called a council of var dinongoinong the military leaders it avasvvas feared that tiietlletile indians ioaldcoaldvoaidvoald attack tltheuhee jansan pete settlelieiitssettlehients so afteracterarten leleavingiville1viril a cocoiipanyabanyapany of infantry at

payson the cavalry alderulderanderauderunderaudee Vconoveranoveronoveronover pasnedpusnedpanned vigorouslyvigoroasly on to salsanan pete county bebeforetoree- ore leleacintleavintleavingavint Locolonelloiel oolCoroorconoverLover sent vord to bujor oaioalCaicanfieldcaiifieldifield Eendandad CapcaptaintaLutatutaku nc 2 taomastnomas of tneane fortfontyont utah liliiiiilill tiatid1u ia to reinforce payson chichvhichrdiciaradiciard icia they did vith sixty iaealuealuenmen arriving 12 after midrimidnightight itdltdithvitnvatn tneirkneir company 10 P gottfredsen 2papop cit appp 454645 46 0 F whitneyAn itney op cit vol I1 p 514 11 E W tullidetuitallidgetullidgetalledgeTalTullideildelidge op cit p 244544 P WV conover 21op cit p 10 12 P al conover op citc it p 11 RK T thomas op cit p 31 SE tullid6etuitultallidgeTaltalmidgeilagelidge appp cit p 244 lbslb6 reaching jannetejanpeteanpeteanepete coultcountcomity aenmen vere leitL ete I1 t to itrelitrefstreugtnenthen

z eacheacia settlementlettzettlement asus tleytheytileytlley passed tnroiiohID titneanele community t sianti indians mademude a lihtniht attocx on sllallailalieileli furrurfourrour sides of the jovntovnbown at oriceonce batbut vere disperdispersedseaseu therherne follovin6rollovving day taetue troops under conover erevere divided lilallla scoconredaredured thetlletile couiarcougarcountryy lorforrorzor redskinsredskiiisredrea skilsskins cne of thesthese detacdejacdetacniletsilmeiits ulderunderwider j iiieuteiiaiitieateiicjiit colonel cabezjabezjobezjdbez nor- land elcencencounteredenteredunteredunteredeced twenty or thirty indianindiunindiansindidnss in a celicellcaricenyoncanyonyon 6eaejevv 13 613 veiewele eral of the vaesbcavaesv LD a weievereweeele i killed llaandalidgla thetneane cellceltreolrest escaped iaeanvhlle1wlednwhile niefaerderaebenersniebenersseilsellseiilersseiiLers vere disputcdeddispdbcned to overnorgovernorG young at saltsait lakeluke city for instructinstrnctio iziici13131i1 i otia laellaen beicizbellbeilbein iiligntlylightlygatatly bounded rheahe auzsiersver G vounvoundedvoiindedaedded enrouteenroliteensoliteenrouteenrenn oLite ihe2he alzalbanoveriier coiiiinjL back from eneralgeneral daniel a wells vdsadsas thlufchtacht u1 the utah county cilitiaxilitialuilitialuisitialeilelluii litia retarnreturn lomehomenome iimediimmediiriiniedi utely to proueprotectct their ovnjovn c otaaanitieo 6asdinstS abstanst the indians the proveprovo troopers aareaere bonegoneone a doiitaboutdoigt tvo beekseeksweeks 14 on july 252 1853 colonel georgeeorge A smith theiahelathentheiathela resid- ing ot inoveproveprovo vas sivengivelgiven coimaandcouiuiand of alluliuilbilbli militia in the territory south of aitaltsaltsait lake city vithwith alrisllisinstructionslris tructrue ti oilsolls to urthertuer lilliialluiluli ininjldbaab it6ntsifccifcic ntsants latointokato the lortsborts1 ortoonto1orts and a aelenaelensiveuelendefeiisiveaetensiveelveeive lindanaona coiiccobiccondlidtorylilliiIliiliatoryatory campaign conducted those selseusettlertler6 kloglow no failedrailed to follow instructions suffered heavilyhedvilyhezjvily frofroma liidiaiindian rzriasridsaids 151

13 V11 C L jj aklaki PL conover0no V CLC 0opd ccitit p 11 0 litneyilliiitneytrie116 y 0 cit vol 1 p 515 14124 i talliace2ullicisetalliageduidulTalliace 0 ciu p 24444 i anoverconoveronoveronoveroven op cit p 11

15 I1 0 Fy litneyallitneypaiilneyAl apqp cit Vdoidolvolvoi 1 appp 515-l 16 107 1ina illey 1841854 a treaty of eccereace vjjujj ude betcenueuveenescen lloverclover nor brigham youlyounzoanjzoana vitnvitfivitai his aids ai-aldandd chielonier 7allerailerrailerrallersallersaileralKer sarroandedsarrosurroourr&ur anaedandedded

by nisilisnib bravesbr ves at chickencjhickelhiekel i greekgreen juaou8ua C ooantyOoJ altyanty fnao2nusanus ended da conflict aceuacluneluliicli luaaadnadnaanua cootcoca bietietleb ie ilvesliveslverlve3 0or nineteenri lietenliete n anitevnite jerojns

ollaoridonlacinka cilaliarlaricin urliriijnALiloanrijonrijwn nunlliioeroeroen ofor iildiaIndiaindiaiiiiL secresscoresleoreleone on bothbotn SolaesoluesI1 aes nadhad bebeelbeenen vounoandedbandedoundedoanboundedaedded tiltittlethithe ereree v aass F rroerty0 erty lo10lossss eejtliiabedt tlaalab t e d a t ac bboatooatut

20000000200000.00v2co00000 and an expenditure of Y700000070000.00 out of the lerritorielrerritoric1 treasury 16 liaeolaesomeoiae of the settsettlementssettlementosettlemecit6lemento south of brovo1rovoprovo sufferedsaffsuirsurf ered by flrfcrclr lloreiloremore thantaan this coiriiiiiiitycoiumulityU altlioahalthoulja the folcolcoifollowinglowine excerpts fromdrom tiletiietlletneane deseredeseretc iewsitevsbewsitems liiaillaliluillaotraillujtrzotiootlootra tece thatuliaullacaiaciia 0o tae zieltieiocltlerss ieneleneqere lilaliaariad to be constantlycolistaj1ltly olioridrion uclauklaadia on the morning of the 12lh12th instdinst novemberimovemder 1831853 learledrnedrnear brovoproveprovo city soaesome timpanytim pa ny utes killed tvo leud of cattle andund drove off a lamoernutabernamoer not yet certairiedascertained6 certai riedcled A smallsmull party pursued thenthemthefil lipulpuipu eroenoprovoprovo canyon some 12 or 15 miles without any success L7 last night bebeueenbetbetveenbeleenUeenveen 12 md 1 ot elockclockoclock the liandsfiandsnanas employed in the lzri6trist mill of messrs saithsmithsmitn uldandund elghigEigeigleeeigceeliigoeecee verewere attackedattached riatand fired upon by a party of indians chilevhile pursuingpursuicie their reregularular easinessbusiness lolenoleiorieborienone of the persons in the mill erevere injured altholaetholalti titneanele balletbullet fromcrom the rifle aventvvent throanthroahthroulh the hopper of the snutsmatsmut maemacmackinemacninemachiriehiriehirle araanaardandunduna passed oatout of the bac door after the indians fired apolapon the helashenashands irin the mill they immediately retreated ahelahenwhen some dogs vere patput apolaponupon their trail andalid follofollowedwed taeutneutheia towards rockock Kanyeanykanyonoii after dayligntdaylightdbyii&iit it vasas diaisuieuleaiscovereddiscoveredcovered thatth6tchat the indians haahadhuahud mortally vounboundedvoundedvioandedVio andedded foarfourrour hjr6esnoroes besides several others abich may provably recover this orningmorningia capt chesleyghesley vith a dartypartyu-rty of inelinenuenruennelnen llave gone in pursuit of 16 P gottfredsengott ftedsfreds en 22op eitciteltelueklCJL p 83 0 F lifnitneyvftiitney op cit vol 1 appp 527529527 529 17 ievslevsievaevs itenitem in tptneanee deseret ilesye31evsesy november1ovemberovemueroveaderadenmuer 24 1853 168 thetiietile iiidiaxisindiansdiakis to recover if possiblepos sibiesible alyanyauy cattle 0or ouotherotnernerher property aichhichnicli naymay hove been carri-carriedd odi by liiedlibedtnem f108

provo sceliescene ofor peace palariesparley weeks boebodbossboys borderedburdened although lnetheoheone ealkervalaerdaikerwalker 71ar77ar was officially teriainaledtermina deadedoed in kaylayhlayblay 1841854

JL provo an indian outoutbreakbrear1 indirectly affectaffectjlaffectingn occurred later that year on auauoiistust 8 1854 tvotacotvco sorssons of Dishopbishop allenalienailenwilen weeks

of cedar fort erevere treacherously murdered by renerenegadeC ade indians 19107 west of utah laelalie the offenders terevere eventuallyeventaU ailyally captured tried iniiiliilil a federal court and executed in aitaltsaltsait lakeluke city sept- 20 ember 151 1854 shortly after tliisaliistixis colonel peter conover vith a company of fort utahudahU cahdah ilitiaiviilitiaalitia aaccompaniedcc oinolnpailied by biticditicdimickK 6.6 huntingtonhalthultHant ington ilterinterinterpreterpreterU verewere dispatched to cedar valley to confer vithwith chief bateasbateesbuteas and his bendbarid of indians shelshenchenvhenshelasheiavheja the chiefohlefonierohleronder vasyasves in- forrorcorformedaed tat theolieolle hite men wanted to live ilin peace itlietlivixnvian their red brethren andundalid asQS ofleredofleofferedred 6sas&s a tolentoientokentobentojento&en of friendfriendshipfriendsnipfrieiidsaipsnip some beeves helieile loudly dissented vitiuvvilhmitiu aliallan algryangryengry demand for rabinescalabinescarabinesllcarabiiiesca ppooder00ooder audandanaaua burretsdarbardurburoarrets 11 shelsnelwhen the vxiitesI1 refused firearms and alaaaflitionammunition hene remained jtuubozjtaobornri andana belligerent A brief skir nisiinisiauisiadisia developedi- in which batees aasas killed and nis son voandedvovvoundedanaedandeaanded iniiakli the leg rjaetneajae2jae youndyoanyoun cniefchief then JLindicatedradicated he vas

181 george A smith letter dated decemoerdeceiuuerdecemverDecemoer 2 1831853 published in the deseret les1esjlfesaes december 8 1831853 19 1llevsclevsewsaws item in deseret ievsievvsieveleve aligiistaugusuALigiaugusaist 17 1841054 202 ALalmanabiaabla 77 babbit quoted iniiilriirl prozoprovo lormonkormonmormon ikuFiupioneereer CcityoltyI1 21op cit p 80 ill 169 ready lorforrorcor peace 211 a ace proveprovo lillsfiansflansplans for ireaceearce parley to be helheihelaheiaheld1 d in ierewere carried out on august 12 l54loh1541041s54 ivotuotwo iiundrednundredbundrediiundred indians wedewere present as guests ofor proveprovo city three beeves were barbecued at the public sluanesquare lownow 11ioiieerpioneer lurkpark and served to tneane redmen with four carrelsberreisbarrels ofor biscuitsoiscuits and a quantity of veLIevelietablesvegetablestables A large amount of othilothinclothinclclochinclothing contricontribatedcontributedcoritributedbateabatedbutea by the citizens of provo absaaswase distridistributedbatedbuted aamongaone thelheahe 1ndiaiindianss also following the

feast the lipepipe of peace weswasis siaokedsiao&aokedsidoKed 3reorgegreorgeczeorge vi bean acted as interpreter 22r

kuakud 77811 builtbulit around provo city the walterwalher idarwargar taught the citeiteltcitizensizeris of provo a valuable lesson they did not have to be plead vith by their leaders noanonow A to fortrort up 11 chiefohler aleeralkervlkerilalkervleervikeril did that nhilevftiilechile the indians vereveneere on the vvarvanvenarbathardatharpathardathpath the colonists everevvere happy to cofflecoffie into the fort Brighbrighaiubrighariiaiualualiialilarii young george A slaithsmith and other church alaandaudana civic leaders realizing hovveverhovvever clatthutchat provo noavnovv ovnjovn7rovn to lenenenehereihereinerechere fortfontkontport utah during indian raids aasas hard pressed for space felt that a wall should be built aroundaground the cirycarycicloyoy conseconsequentlybentlyuently before the ireacepeace treaty following the valeerdelkerwaltervalkerveleenvalken iertarvervar was signed iviatorviayoriviayor evanvan greene called the citizencitizenscitizenss of proveprovo together en masse oron llarchinarch

21 J I1 jensen op cit p 100 222 georgeG eorge A smith letter deseret lews august 24 1841854 ct booth 22op cit p 36 170 7 1854 to colcorconsiderisiderleiderlelder buildbui1dbuildingJlne a wallwellweli around tiietrie city 2 3 during the rleetirmeetiimeetie cL plansglansgianslalislaiislabis vere discussed as tto ilowklov it should be builtbulit finally by a jorityboritymajoritymo vote itIL as decided tilot every person iniiiill the city slloullsnouldshould1 bulladulladuliabuliabuild a rod of allailvallvail for every lot he or sile ornedovnedevened vith the penaltype cicaltycicanty of for- feiting tae lot if tiietiletlletalctale assizassiiimentluaiuaiuaexiteliteiltexit vsvas not completed witninwilninwitiiin a 24QJ reasoneiblereasonreareu 0 olaonaonuEibleblebie length of tiaeliaet laeluehue

I1 itI1 t avavvavas dialplaiplannediiiedivied that the jc11 shoalsshoaldLI ouldouid ruliranrun veste 3tat oiaon firyiriirthjifthgifthth north street south on seveuthseventnseventy vestviest treetstreet east on sixth south street and north on university bivenueavenue to complete the enclosure those people liviallivinlliving on theohe outside 0ofI1 the quadyuad s f rairalranoleruirangleleleioieigie aareaerewerewene instructed to move iniiiiliill 25 0 the records 26 differ somewhat on the dimensions of the ailaliallv811 varying from five to six feet thic & atot thetitiletllele base andund teltellteliteilten twelve or furteenfourteenarteen feet high silsiiail1411 reports seem to aree hohowevervever that there vzsvsvisv kistashas to beoe lrielihll eighteen ileninenilichillchirich rock foundationfoulfoundaLion and trazacnut it dadetaperedcapereddapecapereucapereu to a idanidtnaidtii of totiotvo feet tlthicethicjlick oioiioilolloni top this wall bubuiltbulitlitlltallt under the supervision of the bishbishopsolps 27

23 evaneven N greeneGrreene cited in history of provo Ms 222.2egcp cit archliarchdiarchanch 7 1854 24 loc cit 252 J ivljv jensen op cit p 104 26 lulsruksIUishistoryiuistorytorytony of brovebrovoproveprovo fy Ls op cit ach11archrch 7 1854 a W tuliidetulltuiltullidletuiTulitullidgeTul ilacelidLelaeide ad2dop cit p 245 J L jensen 2papop cit p 104 27 provo history of idsIslisI1 op cit irchlarcilcarcil 7 1854 171 voswas erected by using six straight poles to the rod tibereebnreeiree on each side set iniliilliri the Lgroundround at the bottom and iutlutIdtidtenedftisteliedened to the properPropedper eidthvidthvidtii aatt the top plantsplanasyianasplanks vere then placedp L aced at thebhe bottom inside the poles anduliaullaundariduna a mixture of clay llalnahlablaand soil fouldfouldfound on the outside of the vall vasas dampeddumped inside the fornform 14 s a layer dried lloremoremone planks kerevierevere added antil the top vasas reach- 23 eed

6.6 t first there viasvas ciiisiderablecjnsicierable enthasiasmenthusiasm in the construction of the vallvailvali as6 iidicbidicindicatedted by ttlethee report of bishop silaseliasdilasllilasfilias iii 61ackburnjdlackbarn vahovhovvhsvvhd rotenote ulderanderunder date of april 20 1854 that the city vallvaliwallwaliwaii is proressiuprogressing aldandaudana all seem illingwillingvv to lend a helheiheidinhelpindintdinupint hand to build it and carry oatout the instructions of thetiletlle president lfflf229 tiietiletneane laororkk contilcontincontinaedcontinuedcontiiiuedaedaea periodically for about tvotahot1ho years aurilaurindurindarineaunine v hicl time ttneaneaeqe vestviest and soatisoatnsoutnsouan sides and part of thetllebhe north side verevene caalcompletedletedfeted vevernovelerhovvevernovevernodovHov as tlethe danberdunberdangerdungeraunger of indian attacks frevinevirearrerevr less the ioniioljiorjvonidvorkvvork lgedilgedaged uldandundana eventaallyeventuallyeveiituallyeventaallyaily viasvas discontinued entirely before it wasas compicompletedeted 30 on 1darchliarhiarch 8 loalo51051550 L h blackburnBlackbarlburlbarnburu reported the progress on the wall to greorge A &snithsmithsmitnii th as follows abreea6reeagreeagneeagreeablebieble to yearyouryoanyoun reaestrealestreliue5tre aest I1 have examined the city waliwallviallvi of this place and find it aasa rolfoldoitollofollovistollovvslovisvvs 599 rodtrodsroderoasroae of evallvvallallali completed 7 rods 11 feet high 20 rods 10 feet high 7 rocrodsroas1sas 9 feet hilhllaihhihhiglhigh 11 rods 3 feet hilhllhihhiahhi6h 17 rods 280 o Lj J tullidaetultuibullidaetallidgetalledgeTaltulituiiTullilagelidgeidae aop cit p 245 OQ 29 d blaclbarn letter deseret irueseersws may 11 1854 30 J ivLL iJ ensen op cit p 10510 172 7 feet high 144 rorodsnods 6 feet hihiglhigh 151 rods 5 feet 8 rods 4 beetfeetreeteet high 12 rods 3 feet hiaihhihjm 11151 rods stolestone foundation laid total amount coilaencedcommencedcommencecommenceaa and iolapletedcompleted 451 rods 329 rodsroasnoasnous rerefiningin44iiiiiniii not colelcolencoiencoiencedcommencezedceda 331 inliallaila rereportingortiribortiri ttnisanisilslis progress to the deseretjeseretJe11jeseretseret iiewslewsbewsevisevvs eiderelderilider georaegeorgegeorgeU eorge A smitnsrnitn addsddds 1tt I havenave advised unealgnealgnem to aieaialea llelieicee up a little on the subject 1 32 tnetiaeliae iriterwriter bilebliehiie searc1searcesearching11 nc fforroror source aaterialn&beriaiapterialaaterial has in- terviebervieterterviewedviewedi ed a number of elderly people living in brovebrovoproveprovo at dresdrospros enteno ihotho cericerlrememberrehieljerrehieldereLjer elleilueliuellveilvtelitell c ciildlciiildreiieliell imparts of the old LTludaudllad uailvallwallyailyali some of theiathela played arcandaround alandld oilollon013 top of01 it

anticantietintietintle war dithwithadithtfvith the exceaxceexceptionutionjtion of a few milorminor incidents one of nictinicci vasas perpetuatedperetueequatedetuatedetua ted by d renegade indian jovnknevinknovinnovn

as squaaquasquashsh whoho ass 11 bought ofofforzf 11 iithbiiishbiith w1 aappropricationupropriza tion ffromdromronnonrom the utah county funds 33 the settlers at enoveproveprovo had no serious

trouble ithvith tlethe indians duriaduniadurinsduringduningC tue latter part of 1841854 and 1855 tiaooevere v e r in february 18518561556 a brief campaign klonknonknowlknown as the tinticgintic karwar broke outOUL in cedar valley viestwest of utah lake A band of raudingiaaraudin6maraudingma ute indians under chiefobierohlefohler tintitinticginticc besanbegalbegan steal- iming cattle andalid horses in utah and cedar valley they also killed tvototio herdsmen leneyneney lloranilorancloran and jasningtonilashinptor carson and a 34 thirteen year old iulisakerhunsakernunsakernun1ulluiluLi saker bojboydoy riesclescieslevas item deseret iesilesivesres archanchiviarchivlarchIvi 21 1851855 322 loc cit 33 J li Jenpenjensenpensellseiisellseli op cit appp 105107105 107 343 rZ Gottfredgottfredsenseiaserasern op cit appp 101103101 103 173 A aritvrit for tae arrest of tintictantic2intic and alsaiselseisnis followers vasas by tlle u S issued tithetilele j district juajudjaaejadejudeCce drulaDruiacrammonddruiamoaddrammondDrammondnoadnondmoad then at irovobrovo alaandmiawidmidana handed to om johnson deputydeautyputy U S arshallmarshall for servicebrvice A posse of about forty lienmelhlenblenmen principally from thetiietite octfortsortort utah iiilitialailitiaIIiidiidlLailitia ausgusgueas raised and seltselbserit to take the 1indisnoindianondiaindieindle risnis into custody

7 at lehi colonel Zx eter VVn 00ooconoverloverloved left thetlletrie arty alaalqalidana vent on to saltsaitzaitzalt lake city to seaseesaadsead advice from governor irighabibrighamdrigham yoangyoung then oaperintendent3uperizltendeiit olof01 indian fairsdairsdainsaffairstf 35 the indian encampment vith lantcartcantpartpant of Uheuhe beblindbcindildind vas located iniiikli cedar valley vest of utah lake where in an attempt by the posse to capture tinticfinfcicgintic andnnaandnnd lisnishisnianionka associates orieoneong thitaaithithaivnitexiicsn foarfourrourzoarcourzour backsbucks and one saasuasiuai vereere liliedmilled nd several on each side were volindedvOLinouadedfaeddedaea luondanonamon loinnoinhoin as the chief untie andaudana survivors es caped belllbellobeinobeings protected by dlrkiiessdc rknessakness herheche lextnext illorniniuornine tneane posse strenethenedstrengtnenedstrengthened byoy additional mehmenmeu pursued the rleefleefleeirifleeirllriiriirl indiansindidnsindiwis alauliaullaalquriaana elielleilcounteredencoanteredencounteredelicountered themtheiuthein camped on the mountain side east of rush valley A parley aasvaswas heldheidheilihelliheill butbacbababbubc theune redskinsredredskijasskinsseliassellasskijas refusing to sur- reineinelrenderlderider fired on the posse it beingbein litelute at niletnilntnignt the unites arcerekerckereercverc compelled to lelarnrelarnreturn to candcandampcamp therhefhe following day it vaswas foundrounddoand that the outoutlawslavislevis had scattered into the mountains the chase vasas abandoned and attention dsas directed to the krotecprotec 36 tion of the settlesettiesettlementsaentsaenas of tulstuistitis vicinity 35 p sottfredsengottfredsengrottfredsen loc cit 36 ibidibiibl PP 102103102 103 l-o-

174 rt fevbev udaysdcysdacysdyssys ilterlaterloter ailenileuile titietlebleie jacluvauvajvc es aresceecesre plunaerinplunaerilerin iuilliliiri cnuher arcjarajereaareaerezaree jonn callincalloalioati in john illdninn ulaunduna du wilmilmiiiiauigiaui nailednaiaedndiixeu cou-

7 3 7 sins eiebiceic illeolileoailleokilled leidneirnerneidledned iilioulllilabllilabelCilllillii creelcreek CUToawvil1I V Z U 0131 utiluton lalelelelake 1leair2iilee i 11 e coloixel001011e1 JOboloverjoloverjoiioverloveiLover zctiiicirtincictin ollonoxi iistructionsinstructionsinotractijns

U L rroidrolfroialbroial xjriaaii doullouloun crolcrossedcrosseaD sed olanua i uejuejlleile froiiiitromatrom frovorovobrovo oroiioil tiietlle ice vilh a vilrycavilrycacavjlrcavelry lorcefoiceforce ofor coojtcooja ei6eltygityeia656eityay elieilellen iaini1 pursuitursuitunsuitaroliifc oiof lnetileulleuliecne otner ptrtpcrtpart of finticsxintics2inticls baldbanddariadarla vvhsvvho weverewerere escdcinescupiii ioutilboutiloolltnio util alongdion tetiuetine lvesucou slaesidesige ofor tie luke ianitn a iarelorelorg iinerdanerderd of eataeutacuttleeuttieu le caalidildiidlid arsesorsesiijrses

7 7 stolen eiterditerefterkiteretter killirzillinkillikillitzrZ thene herdsneraileiiherdsmeiameiamela previolisljJ r e VL ouslbusl ly meimelntntionedti oiiedobied illeifie e provo troobrootroopss trailed the Tiievesdievescnieveschievescnievesleves viviuroiislyrousayrousiy ailallaliulluil dayadyaey tm hiirioiiri

1 d e ep sasnoc v cadillcadilecdlipiriilelle 1.1 one11 e r i ena 1 krioyn deep slo caacaue L in tteluelne northort elaenderlderid ofoi diathat is non today as tinticgintic valley in subbuogubguu zero eltbatnereatnereate&tilernernen cuon lleohetletheoleche secona day the durpurparslilnpursuineparspursuingpurssuinEllinulinLiln lartyiartylurtybartyperty overlookover lookbooebook tltheblebhee nerdanerdL erd in the southesoutheriisoatsoatnernsoutnernrilrii irtairtprt of illrinillfinzin VO L moan tic valleyvailey11ey the ldiansindians havnL I1previously bleabled illoinlo thelheahe noannoun

ane c llyliyiby ana tatdinsadinsi ns thetne codeodcoucoiiipqnyiiy nearly exhausted fronfrolafroiafrom exlexiexojarbX asureosure andalid trailtrull inLL tiiroutsiroutiironntiitilrounronnh tae nevylekavy SIslovlov returliedrcbariicja illlullulilullili i tiletilatiietlle eoe3tatLOCow oj0 Y tiadvildd off leviersevier ilver to J rovocrovo beaeinoeinin orieorlene I1c boutujatdujat tivefivezivev dcdybC Ys inethe deseret ievsievai evseus of lilbrciliyiarcn 5 1856186 paoliohedpubiispubins liedI led tletheteg fiolroifololiolloi- lloviloviialoviix0 v JL iix i itiiiticptinlickinlicTincicLic headnead clefciefclerclief of tlethe disaffected donabc61id adladnaildiidlid iioilono110 VVI0 iai1 3.3o wouiidedvrfoiinded in tlethetha oirnioh ilearnearneor thetneane eatnoatnsoutridoutri fortrortdorldortroro iiin cedargedar valley is reported deadeddeidbeid 39 rhibrhio broughtoronnloronne to a close the iiniciinticlilicdinic warar&r

17371 0 tit1 itneytnitneywhitiieyTn itley op cit vol i1 p 552 P dy Coconoverloverrover oij cit appp iiiili11111 12 399 lieikei6vslevsv s iteiteiuofillaal1fil deseret 1IMCSe S iiarchicarchscarch 5 iso1801856 175 provo ivlilitid labl8b186 to thetiietile ind of tiletiietlle black navkliavkdavk aardara r T the latictinticgintic conflict eldeaeldedended ororniesorniedCDlieahiedniedciillad indian depredations in utah valley untilanoilan oilolioll theohe block i ilarbiariiarar rioveverriov4eveilloriolaovever a lareelargelurge vell trained active militia ABS maintained at provo antilantiiuntil tneane close of the indian eiselswaisaiswars in ti-tiiele state of utah proveprovo itsellitself did not suffer ironiromfrom later indian depredationsdepreciations but llore than lualislurnislurnisnedruriiishedned its liotallotauota of men arms alaandana equiplieateclaipuent for the relief of the other settisettlementsementscements dortjortvortrort utah vasyasas still used as a headquarters and armory for the troops A cannon ladhad been maintained at the ffortrortort until this time to assist in tiletlle defense of the colony on july 24 1861856 a second wifortulunfortunateate exexperience ianitn a cannon occurred in the settlement A party of men vereerehere firing salutes in commem- oration of the iuormonluormon pioneers entering saitsaltdalt lekelanelake valley after a number of chareschaneschuneschargeschunges had been fired the gun burst a piece of 11ichvvhich1 struck i illiomgilliom 1.1 ixonlixoaliboa in thetae abdorabdomenaelaeu and killed nimhim instantly 40 on april 252 1851871857 in compliance vitnwitiiwitia the territorial reoranizati3rreoraniza ciolcion order provo military district assembledassemoledussembledassemussemoledbledbieddied and

L ororganizedCZ anizelanized into coiacoidcompaniesbaniespaliesgallespanies of ten and fiftiesfiftieth under tletae supervision of clonelolonelcolonelolonelonei peter A conover there erevere about sixty commissioned officers elected at tilis tilubilubluee 414

40 E ff tullidetullidietuitullidgeTul ildelidelidIe op cit id 247 41L loc cit 176

or july 636 1857 andund alainalein oiol01 1 julyculyJ niyuly 11 additional

reorsaireorganizationdzu ionlonLI iol tooklo10 placepiapla ce colonel gillian ilcelaceface alsvasvlsos 42 placedpl a c e d iiiirlirilri coainacoaanacoiial4iid ofor utah county milildry district aillAllinichalliclaalciclaclacra

c accordingu c c ord in td to ieterleter Irf1 coliverconiverconover totaleatotalecltotatogalealecL a tiiousliziagiioasciua laen cap- 43i n aolele of oeariiear ilg116 z1zaariiturlisariij&u3lus taisellsenis reorganization of uieuletiletlletiie tahutajiU county iilitibliilitialilbilLii litia ASviasvlesvresA S timely fectedeffectedef I1loriodlodor soon dfteridrddrtervvard neness ausvusavasvvas received of tletrieteleteie approach of a united states rillyrjjiyardyrrayaray to invade the territory of utautahutanh it is not tnethaet1ae purposeurpose of tnistriisfriis tnesisanesis to go into detail regarding the utah expedition lutdatdutoat in passinigaslingpassingC it is vellveilveliveil to mentioimentinimentioni thot the zortbontbort utautah iv ilitialiitle lownowno ideiitifiedlaelidenkaen ulried as the provo iiiilitiacilitiaiviilitialitia took an active part in the cicipainciachipaincclacid iahailhallpain lobo10 checcheck&

1- clyonC the ardys4rmylsarmysarmye progresspro ress thr3u1through1 zrno calyoncanyonlyonauyonuyon aidandald other eintsoints alondalonaion the roateroute alsodiso 6a iarelare quantity of01 supplies vereyere tar-f ur nished by thetiietiletlle 1-rovorrovoarrovo1 citizens in 13818813581858 proveprovo acted ab6 nost

1 n for titnoasanslou36ri 3 of011 etterettorettenlttorltbcretton day saints 1 rivelrivenkrivel 1roji their ho-honeshomesnoneslesies in saltsaitdalt lake Caltycityoltyitylty as the amyrmyarmy entered IDaitaltlaib laeluelalielulieluice valley provobrovrrov 0 vas a temporary eadeddadrters1u6rters fforroroi the lormonmormon church durineduring this crisis 44 424 ibid p 248243 43 an old Vetveteraneraaeran it article lain tlethehe iajjaily jncairernaireraireruirerer alarcaalarch1iiarch 26 igi1911891 nair 44 E14 W 2ullidtullidetuitullidtullidgeTulilaelideilde op cit appp 248256248 256230 liasilaseliasdilas 11 blackbernblackbarnBlackablejble caburickburiuarlburlbarnL op citc i t appp 242924- 29 177 durinedaring thetue years 13013051306813056868 the indians of central dnaana southernDou thern utah eltenteat on the arbatharpatharpathath onier black iiakciakik notori- ous for cruelty and terror vasva thetae principal leader therefore it viasvasdasvlas rivelalvelcivenoivencivel nishis lamelumerumename this conflict consisted of a series

1 of indian deprdegrdepredationslationsdations analdeldandk counter attdatadattackscl 6.6 byb y ti-thele whitaswhites wlwial41.41 thoanthoun reiarelareidremovedovedovea soinesoney wnatt fromcrom the theater of tilsthisghis ar the proveprovo lAmilitialitia hen called onou for assistance imediatelyimmediatelya ealaediatelyedlaedia tely responded vithith raelfaelraen arnisaruisarms andildiidlid equiequipmentduentpuent sidaSicasicailaryiiiilarilarliar to thetiietiletlle causes of the talker viarwar discussed 45 earlier in this chachapterpterU this struglestranglerugienugie to a Sgreatreat extent a ynee developed from incidents coverincoeverincoveringIDI D period of years th siaolderinsmoldering illiiilii kilkiiillvill oebeenbetbetweenween the tvo races bellgbeing fanned vvithyvithzyvith each additional clasaclash it appears howeverho ever that the match vaswas dropped in the dolderdonderponder keg at liantililantiailanti april 9 1865186 laellaenahenvhen duduringritie a peace parley Yeneoyeneoodod a petty uiedieliteute chief loudly objected to the peaceful overtures of the other indians john lominylorry a itemanahitemaivhitemanwhitemanvh i demanded that the chief keep still and let hllimhimnimn finish talking someone earnedvarned LOOK outut he is ettingsetting his arronsarrovsarrowsurrows tit1111 thereupon lovrylovvryhovry jerked the indian frocfrom nis horse the redskinsredskins returned to theircheir camp from 46 chichvhichvv11iicht runners enevereere immediately sent to the other indian banasbandsbauds

45 ofofeofa altealiteariteante appp loliolloi101165101 165 46b P Gottfredgottfredsoiagrofctfredsonsoia op citci t appp 121301291012912 1o130ao 178 it kaewaswaeas only a mattermatten of time until the redredmenlerilerliecibeci bejabej4deraildehaildehallu pianderplunder i116in on a lbrabriareloree scale thasthus inaaorjtiniriau6llratinl the blaekblack nakdavk war I1in tneane afrinaprinoprinpr fi of01 1100666 anenvnen tiieulleulie call ds made to the fiornortherntherlthern couiicouiitietcoantiejtieitiet for help captain adram G conover led a

ali provo cocompanya11jany of cavalry loutfisoutfisoatn arraerarrivinglvinalvin6 at tiletiietlle battle zone a boatboutabout uay lj10 A shortshont limetimeciiiie laver under tnetiaeliae connandbonnand of geliuelgengelG en pace eral 7iliiam7dlliamwiliiam b of the utah county 1lititialiiitialviiitia they laetfuetnuet the savages led personallypersonellyeliydlly by chiefcnief blacblaeblack hawehawkhuwe at ravellygravellyG ondorazordyordord oiaolaon013 the bevieroevier iiverilvenlivenciveriiiver in a ruiiciiiicrunningcunning oatliedatoat liebieble duriduradaringoaringduringlibaibcib aienalenniannicnviiicn one militiamilitiamanLatin avasvvas oandedbandedvvouilded and several ixidisns1iidiafis reported duadedmouldedwoundedmounded 471 7 or killed the chiefonieronker received a aundoundwound froalfronifrom whic1whichwhick1 he died 1848 a ferev years laterlarerlatedlaredlaced lorehoremore men lereverewere sent to sanpete and sevier coantiescountiescowCoancomtiesitiesaties dar-during the saer of 1866 utah coultygolantycountygoanty sent its second cocoinpanycolncoin anypanyyany of cavalry in janejune anderunderandenunden captain joseph claffcluff of provo and ttvo0 o raorelore companiescoapaniesunies in auaasastust anderunder captain alva ureeloreelgreeligreen of aiaeriameri- can fork and caleb haws of proveprovo all of these companies did credit to themselves in their vriousvdrioas assignments 49 early iniii 187186 general xilli2avilli sb facepace of proveprovo asus appointed cxwaandercoumandercommandercounaldermalaermander of the SQsanpeteiipetedipete district one of the major battle g011eroundsaroundsEr ounds boutaboutboat4bout the same time utah county seritsent anotheranotherenother

47 0 2r ihlihi411hitney histhistory of utah vol II11 appp 167197167 197 48I1 C 1111 gottfredcrottfredsenen op cit p 227 49 jf 0 7iiitneynilNII i t Le Y op cit volvolvoi ii11 LJ 201 179

coiacoidcoldcompanypany ofox cavalry aiidabidqua oleone of iliillinicintry1 0 ntryutry to taeone front 505 ah2hluislulsi S medemeae ett lectleantlea6t six coiupaicompanieslleslies oi vnichviiichvicich aareaeremereT isio record from utahutan valleyvaileyva iley tilttiitU jjsj VV action liayekyevy froiafrola liine eaniiile ztt provo the rem6inilbrejiainiri jiiliticnilnii Liiticbitic veleveieeceere xeptdeptrept6eae P t on the alertalerz haltiioaiilthou6ii iio iadiafkixiaidii dejpredatioripredadepredadedelpredavreda cioiiociocio vere comaittedconuiittedcommitted ctat this city the savaessakaessavaessavaeosavago struck0 grac vielvicivleivicioaslyviciouslyaslyusly nearby 0onn iualuailayliayibayiiayy 16 1866 a party of01 teltenteu indians scoopedswooped dondodownaon wnn from the noultmouLtmoultainsmountainsmoiintainsains neinerlieal spanish borlforkforbborkyork killed christian larsonlacsonlacoon a ierdsfaunnerdsiiicin again on idaydaydoyjoy ab2b26 thirty indiaasindiansindibiis raided the spanish orelorkdorkork pas- ture stampeotsiiipedinstampedillediLLe forty five iorsesborsesnorses Cand eattleeattie iajordaborlejondajor creer aldandalidelid fifteen raelmen1 overtook thetae thieves andanaanu aran hourshoarnoarnour skirmish ensuedensene aedued therne maraudersnaramara adersuders liedfledfiedried vhalanixvuiavulavnix iriforcelieiitsreiniorceiiientbre lrrivedarrivedcrrivdd frolfrolifrolldroli oprinvillesprilllvilleoprin ville bat jonnjonh idiiotondiioanstonton and albert dimick vere killed darlngdaringduring 1866071866 o7oa several ridoreadrendrridsidsido vereveneeneere adaemdae onOR livestocklive lockloekcock in provo vaileyvalleybaileydalieydailey Wvvo&atcnsatchsatch county aadandduadnadud troops ere alsaisdisdispdtcnedpatched afterarteralfter the thieves captjincaptein illidxa clicil roriaforiadoriatorieriyforiaerlyerlyenlyeniy of the lorthortbortyort ulahulanu lanuan lilililitidlvdlitizatiutid ab one of the militaryraiiitary leaders in that county 52

in july or august idueidu71807 chiefonier alacglacgiaclac6lac K laillairnailliaiiaila ulringcirin of the bloody strife ociecaldeocse lidvlavdaianluuitnliibilbli llisnio fairaicalfamrancanfaintlyfainilyllyliyilynily uhontteiidedtteiided by vdrvarvurvun riorsgiors to tlletile uintah reervationservationkeservdbionervation eldcdeid announced to colonel

50 loidibid p 200 51 iidluidibidIildU id appp 200 20202

522 p oxo 1 op c r- 2 3oct tfcfreaoeiir ed s 1 rl citit apppP 24022404625546 255 180 head superintendent of indian Alfairsaffairsreids uhlLHLt ie v4iltedvvcpvc alednled to catcutcabcub

1 a uieule ver z aan rks his Ilairnairnain as token of uoandoniiaoandoniloC ue6 vurar eatnpatnatn noveleriiolhevernovevernovever risbishis iunlun e sub chiefs continued noinmlinmoin landelinlanderinluiiderinlanderin C expeditionspedit leiisldiis adinsta6dinst the ihitenhideshite6hices antiiantiluntil auustaahladustaasl 1519 1luocluo88 vnanneniellel suieriisixpcrinlendentteiideut neadhearea ilelleneoliatedneOLiaou i j ted a treaty vithwith taetaeitaeltneignei hven ttnisanisa its133 trcrldrucrucrucatycitycatyty aiaaladiadladid iilotnott ertirelyentirely restore delcedeacepecepeace there vasvaewaswaewus an occooccasional indian raldraid until the suinsuinraersamjiiersamjiierlerraer of 1801809 53 that yer seemed tobo coricorlconcludeeludeclude or6anizedorganisedorganizedorgani sedned indian depredations ilin utah the black udk11dkadkhdm jarjanaar1arar vlvasas the iaolaoluoiiobtt disastrousdisastrous to the vchitevhiteI1lililikil te palationpopulationpo of any of ttler e utah inaianiridiaiiiknaian viarsvars about seventy nitehite leopleleopiepeople lost their lives vith cianyuianyifiany laoreraore thejatheia that ouloundedboundedvvoandedVvoounandeaandedded at one time daringdaningduning 1866 there enewereweneere as rlauylianydianylany as tvtvyntyenty five hundred i hite llenlienmen under arnsarms hundreds1 lundfund reds of settlersiettsettlers nadnaajaad to leave their noinesliomesdiomes irin 18ctfactact dartspirtspartspintsp irtsints of cDuntiescounties nadhad to beoe abandoned expenses for the military ojoperationseratlolsionskons alone totaled 112103738y112103738 not antingcountir6zscantingccantingcc the hundredsnandreds of thoathousandsthousands of dollars inirilelkei livestock and otherotner propertyproD erty that as stolen and dianclunolundiunplanolunderedplundereddered 54J

53 F bitneyWrl e op 11 apppp 0 nitnitneyitrineyY cit I1 volvoi i 211 213 214 54 ibid appp 202 209 210 CchaiterCHAPTERHAPT R XIXIII1

horthorrhoarIORT UTAH lieiLIZI ioalaliffldioriaLIZED

thus concludes a vitlovitl1vittvitz era in ttheae story of tletlnle colquestconquest

and colonization 0ofL one ppc rt of the hnericanamericanamericzn frolyrolfrontier1itierotierotler ththee

explorationexploration of utahU valley andundalid the foundilgroundingfoundingoundiLg of fortorttkortorfaorfc utahulanutan vere cornerstones iniliirilri the buildbuildinglla of the laterinterlnteiiiountainoxitaiii mesteestfest ththose0 s e whoahoho live in this inland empire ove at areatgreat deal to tiltiatnoseenoselosetosevose ahoghoho explored tilis valley and colonized at lortfortkort utah the spanish ioiissidlaryiiissionary has come aluandalganu g0116 bhethe fur trader vill come no more mielie recleanrecluanreclaqr is confineacdafinedconfinedconfconr inea to alsnisais reservation vacilevaailevjaile tiietiletrie olaononaon ripioneerilear naknaoiazadnazad passed leondoeondid datbutdutoat their aarksiiiarksiaares are carceacarvea inlyllyn the roundubion stolesstones of tnistiiisthiis colluonviealthcoiiliionvvealth and tneirkneir lives have olol0110113loriously010110113gloriously0110113 avonvvon a lacelace in the kaiikailkaallL of aaeyameayameame of oleolleorieone of americaamericas lastu frontiers the dan of written history in utan valley adsvdsvas first inscribed by escalantejbscalsnte and DominEdomineuezdominevezdoijiinaezuez tneyaney found thetneane timpanogosTimpano gos indians acidendand gave the river and the iallallarlakee thattha 0o name by aichhich it was krownkr own for nearly t1tathieethree1 iree quarters of a century of thetiietiletlle path- finding trappers and traders jedediah S0 skaith vivss the first to apply tiletiietlletneane lauelamenalliename utah to tiletiietrie lake and valley hilehiievvhile provot is iaemorlalizedirieiaoricjiized by thetneane river and the city reriiontyreaoot andalidacid bridgersbridGerlsgerts reports of utan villeyvalley influenced the orlaeoriagoriaoriaoriaoiivoriaoiiVoria oiloiioli leaders a6aad theytileytlley sought a lolaehaide in111iiiili11 1 unelaelneoneune 0estrestvest therhe cause of georapnicalseo6rt3phicl nolenenolede&navledleno lede 0 o-ves I1nuchauch toU o theiethesesheie pre I1lor aon tretratrailtrullI1 1 blabiablazerszers 182 then came the fcuormon1aorl110n pioneer01oleer explorersexplorersplowers to utah valley iloihoho ledlaLediaimmediatelytely realized its loriolorioiiocloriousliziioulz future prepapreparationsra ti ons vere shortly made to malmatueridlizematerialize brigham youngsyouns colonization dladiaplaplansns itlt vicsvecsveasas on the first day of adrilapril 1849 that those venturesome colonists crossed oletlleone timtimpanogosTimpanoj&no6osgos itiveriziverreiver later knovaknovnknovyn as thetiletlle provo and with thatthaltheltheo iningenuityenuityenmity tarifttarifftnrift and courcourageaEeabe characteristic of that ilardylardhardblardy y band of homebuildershonehome builders heythey soon bailbullbulibuiltbulitbullobulioc fortyort utah aichhichchich&hich became the foundation of the modern city of proveprovo there vaaass a year of01 struraglstradlstraglstlugigiegleele starvation and indian depredations and a battleoattiebattie avithvvith the redruanrodruanredzaan oron thetneane provo 1livertiverfiver chichvhich tested the strength of t1tathis1lisilsaisiis colonial venture batbut it lived in april 15501850 tlethe second site of lnetiieolleune rrtfort avasvvas dulit ollyonly to be threatened by massacreliusdiusLiassacre by a blood thirsty savaresevaresevagesavage chief talkerwalkerwaiker whose rival chieftain Jo3vietteoviette called nisllis olufolurblufff the fort survived again utah coultycounty waswesas born on january 31 185c1850 droveproveprovo city wasas laid out and earned its charter february 06 181 but fort utah still served it vasas built for a protection against

z the indians hiiehile the colony vasas in it-its iiifancyinfancy Calidarldcnaarid it served

1.1 as a houlehomehouiehoma a civil alaaldandana militaryaallnallnalitary hecdciiiarters llalnac ldnd cQ relreireligionslousious and social nucleus for tagthetae lavnevnavnew settlelaeiirsettleiiienl it liveaelivea aass lolslonsionsionglong as the 1hostilities of tietle indians necessitated thcjhcthatut it live 183 nilenwilenunen proveprovo outoutjreoatrevxtrejre the oidold lortlonti ordorcor c ilin its olioiiolloali rint thetiletiietlle citadel serving ascas a helohelujaeudquartersquarters endandiidildlid aliallan armory lorforror the militia played a vitel dropropartpantpunt in protectinlprotecting tlelnecne alleralierailersmallerslusiu settlements iromfrom indian depreciations fort ututahzlal andendellaerlaana subsequently proveprovo asvusaus6s the pdrenbourelit colorycolony of utah county 0lnaondonand other neanew communities ffortherbortherrtherarther south today fort utah is a sacred memory maeluaenmaen one travels

along the eestwest1 I est drive in provo dustpastpust t1tathele old lortlontkort field1ieldbield or

learsnears thetae historic cabinscaoinscauins at Sovietteloviettesovietteoovyiette & ark tnerefcnereanere is a hall- owed feelin&reelingfeeling and realisationrealization of a lightynightymightyr heritcieheritherltheritdledgeciedLe from tnoseenose

fifiguresures ofot the dastdustpast vixotvitritrlavi lo10 bulibuildulicdukic CG ttnieILs iiiillinlandlarid empire provo city in 18891886918889 creitedcreatedcrecicea aluanaanu set aside tlethe lelaielaluid oaon lletthetlewhehe econnecondecoridec oridorld siteolteite of ort utah dses tlethe gardengargenG araenargen park laierleierlelerlauerleuerla ierler re- named forth irelreprkparkpzrk and today ilnonluioluloignon vl ao viette3oviettejoliettejovietteJo padyadpar the sonsons ludandandaud baucdauguaagntersjauchtersaters of tiletiie utah pioneers iilaillvenveanveave revereireveredreverentlyjtlyatly erected a beautiful monument at tlethe first site of the lortfortrortdort uldund diiotherdiiotheranooner atBL tlletrietnietxie second site villienile there has beeldeelbeerbeendeen appropriappropreappropriatelytely con- structedstrucstractedted by theithelthemli aldand proveprovo city tae starelystacelysparely pioneer lluseuniaseujqi in memoriammemoriummemorium at tlletile ielebelkpark fort utah has beelbeerbeenueen revered for serieserlegeriegenerationsrations byoy those who love VfflesVlesesterlesternteriiteril history like some beautiful old native song there is portrayed in herberner history froldrondfondolidorid hopes desiresde ires and achieveiaenachievemenachievement lors tiiattinattnafc link her decade by decade vithith tthele past and the present she has deelbeelbeerdeenueen tltheie priceless subject of daanydaunynunymanymuny a giorigloriglordgloriouslousiouslouz nenorynemorymemory and immortalizedlulorluiorguior talltalitail z ed storyetoryu ory r

blliorlpnyI1 I1 c

i jjlajl JLJ

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1 4 ronconrolrootaiL uoo-laalaxa L ii t 0 jior a ly of l iorieerer aimolmoimolloil I zrarjproxx0 altjitoltjlti t L akeke ity u laitiearlieajli 1 liglisiiecl oy x4i3 silllozi3311 coljolc oxiiilri11i xjroi rriitclt d oy jeevesjzevese v I1 s ii ailisoiliss I1incorporatejincorporatesldccdc OC 3 1.1 t 0- i9lisiialigl9 41 4hiahi p U 1 1eae 1 J sutlerkutierkutlerIJu tier ert ure ieositsiegeositsosits of ltahatahjtdh I niteaunited stetesstates de310eoloieolostd i ccaical sursurveycurveydurdurveysurveyvey departiientdepartiiient olof01 liiteriorliterio1l irofessional1rofessionalprofessional baderbaberbaperea p e r al 1 111 jasxiiiolonsl i 11 33. 1 LQIV XJVJQILQIIplilieliiu ITiriiibirioL b lneine ofofficefic e 11900 illiii6722 appp

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11 pratt orolorjioron odsonorson110rsofi prattsprotts courittoarxiciljouriI1al Upublishedunpnolinedi joarndljouriial ouotedquotedgiioted in lnetheoneune h-dllenniallxillennicilj star liveraliverjLiliverpoolveriverjoolooi illanailianajnlanajnjalanadilidillelliglandElli iunalanuglandgiandlana 1217710i217712177 10160180 juliejullejuilecranecrune 15 loo150100igo0 provottprovo third VerdYUurdrd bishobishoppis coartcourt kinkinateokinute6minvi ateo larcnlaranlv arch 1 loylog1859 publishedunpublishedun records cocopyy iiiin possession of bisbisnopbishopop rthararthararthur D tdyloradylort&ylor provo utalutahutan 2 appp

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it alter 1wawct cecil the otate of deserezldesere u utah 11istoricalhistoricalistorical quarterlykuarterquarterly 867251867 251 april july october 1940

V it alter J cecilJ e c i 1 fr9 4A.4 erris in utahutan utah historical quarterly 981108981 108 january aprilM 1941 liilliiillidill joseph J spanish and iexicariiexicanmexican jjixploration11xploration and tradetraaetraue iiorthvestlmorthvest from ieveievvlievllev mexico into uhetheohe grreatgyreat lasindasinoasiiioas iii ll11 utah historical quarterlyuarterly 3162031020316310oldolo016 20 januaryandaryanuary 1930 huntington oliver B karlyearlyilerly jayslaysdays in the territory the youyoun womenslonensmens journal 44754764475 476 july 1893 palmer williamW a iR utah indians past andendalidena present utah storicalhistorical1iistorical quarterlyuart 43552435 52 april 1928 schneider iiyruailyrum geological processes and 1their relation i 11 to r1luman 14activities in Utahcahulahlah kroceedin&proceedingss of the utah itcanitcadacademy of sciencescieneienelen eesces artsants and letters 12159 icovei1ovevendervemberIoiovembernovemberraber 232 3 1934 and lay 101110 11 1935 169189139 fallinefallidetullidletuirulruiFalTulildelidelidLe edwardhdward vi It historyithistory ofor proveprovo 11TT tultuitullTalyuliyuiltallidetallideslideilde quarterly lalaziilarzinelaazineLa azineie 32332853233 285 julyju ly 18641884 tlillidetullid6etullidge edward W 111iisninisboryloryborysbory of otahutah coultycountyCou lityrity tallidetaitallidestuiTalifuafu lillii11ilideilde uarteuzrteiiarterlyr Y laslaa aziiie3y77zine 3377453377 45545 afrilaarilA rilnilnii 1085

D 1iew3papers

Ddallydailydaliy inquirerznquirernuirernuiver provo utah laichluichllarch 26 1891 oron file iniiikilkli provo city libraryLibr dryary iovembernovember 27 1894 missine btat library butout clipclippireclippingdirddindpirE of article cited is in history of provo ft L D S church riistorianshistoriauls office salt lake city utah

deseret LIeesnestes salt lake city utahutan february 21 1821352 to archllarchinarch 5 171856 millennial star liverpool ajlelondlnlondnglandLnnGllnailnalendlandlond jalejulejanejune 1850 to lovIovioveinberiovelmberelmber 27 1852

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kirkhamkirkhum idu liL saltsaitdaltdait lake city utah ealdlandeuldeulid 4A.4 williamWilliajni salt lakelailelalle city utah licgravinhicbicLic111 Gravin cecil salt lake city utahutan facepace lirsiirsairs sydney orem utah park joseph S provo utah 10 delersonpetersonPeLerson aniaarridarniaardlarnialrrid icebucepice provo ouanouenocanuu auciairlinclairsinJinjinclairmuciAuciclairair rarifce Lij ollitit ijaeajae city utan

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