Utah Historical Quarterly, Volume 78, Fall 2010, Number 4
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UTAH HISTORICAL QUARTERLY FALL 2010 • VOLUME 78 • NUMBER 4 UTAH HISTORICAL QUARTERLY (ISSN 0 042-143X) EDITORIAL STAFF PHILIP F. NOTARIANNI, Editor ALLAN KENT POWELL, Managing Editor CRAIG FULLER, Associate Editor ADVISORY BOARD OF EDITORS LEE ANN KREUTZER, Salt Lake City, 2012 STANFORD J. LAYTON, Salt Lake City, 2012 ROBERT E. PARSON, Benson, 2010 W. PAUL REEVE, Salt Lake City, 2011 JOHN SILLITO, Ogden, 2010 NANCY J. TANIGUCHI, Merced, California, 2011 GARY TOPPING, Salt Lake City, 2011 RONALD G. WATT, West Valley City, 2010 COLLEEN WHITLEY, Salt Lake City, 2012 Utah Historical Quarterly was established in 1928 to publish articles, documents, and reviews contributing to knowledge of Utah history. The Quarterly is published four times a year by the Utah State Historical Society, 300 Rio Grande, Salt Lake City, Utah 84101. Phone (801) 533-3500 for membership and publications information. Members of the Society receive the Quarterly upon payment of the annual dues: individual, $25; institution, $25; student and senior citizen (age sixty-five or older), $20; sustaining, $35; patron, $50; business, $100. Manuscripts submitted for publication should be double-spaced with endnotes. Authors are encouraged to include a PC diskette with the submission. For additional information on requirements, contact the managing editor. Articles and book reviews represent the views of the authors and are not necessarily those of the Utah State Historical Society. Periodicals postage is paid at Salt Lake City, Utah. POSTMASTER: Send address change to Utah Historical Quarterly, 300 Rio Grande, Salt Lake City, Utah 84101. UTAH HISTORICAL QUARTERLY FALL 2010 • VOLUME 78 • NUMBER 4 302 IN THIS ISSUE 304 Grassroots Healing: The Park City Miners’ Hospital By Ben Cater 326 The Goshen and Mona Water Dispute, 1873-1881: A Case Study of the Struggle between Ecclesiastical and Secular Authority in Utah By Clinton Robert Brimhall and Sandra Dawn Brimhall 344 “In defence of God’s people if Need bee”: Brigham Young Hampton By Jeff Nichols 359 World War II Comes to Wayne County By Debra Allen Young 379 BOOK REVIEWS Ronald G. Watt. The Mormon Passage of George D. Watt: First British Convert, Scribe for Zion Reviewed by Douglas D. Alder John Gary Maxwell. Gettysburg to Great Salt Lake: George R. Maxwell, Civil War Hero and Federal Marshal among the Mormons Reviewed by Gene A. Sessions William T. Parry. All Veins, Lodes, and Ledges throughout their entire Depth: Geology and the Apex Law in Utah Mines Reviewed by Michael W. Homer Robert Wooster. The American Military Frontiers: The United States Army in the West, 1783-1900 Reviewed by Edward J. Davies Brian Q. Cannon and Jessie L. Embry, eds. Utah in the Twentieth Century Reviewed by Allan Kent Powell Anne Palmer Peterson. Years of Promise: The University of Utah’s A Ray Olpin Era, 1946-1964 Reviewed by Gary James Bergera Virginia Kerns. Journeys West: Jane and Julian Steward and Their Guides Reviewed by Robert S. McPherson Lee B. Whittlesey and Elizabeth A. Watry, eds. Ho! For Wonderland: Travelers’ Accounts of Yellowstone, 1872-1914 Reviewed by M. Guy Bishop 392 2010 INDEX © COPYRIGHT 2010 UTAH STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY IN THIS ISSUE ecause 2010 is likely to be remembered as the year that Bthe controversial National Health Care Reform Bill was passed by Congress and signed into law by the president, it is fitting that the first article for this last issue of the year deals with the issue of health care at the beginning of the twen- tieth century as it examines the history of the Park City Miners’ Hospital. The first hospitals in Utah—St. Mark’s, Holy Cross, and Deseret hos- pitals—were established by the Episcopal, Catholic, and LDS churches in 1872, 1875, and 1882. By the 1890s, it was clear that these hospitals were unable to provide the exten- UINTAH COUNTY REGIONAL HISTORY CENTER sive and intensive care needed by injured miners. Consequently, a provision was included in the Utah Statehood Enabling Act providing that annuities from public land sales be used for the construction and operation of a state miners’ hospital. In 1897, the Utah Legislature, in compliance with the Enabling Act, passed a law providing for a state miners’ hospital to be located in Park City. When the public funded hospital was not built, Park City, under the leadership of the Western Federation of Miners local and with strong community support, undertook construction of the hospital on their own, which was completed in 1904. The hospital ceased operation in 1956 but remains today as one of Park City and Utah’s most important historic buildings. If health care remains an ongoing issue and concern for Utahns in the twenty-first century, so does the availability, ownership, and distribution of the region’s scarce water resources. Likewise is the perceived friction between ecclesiastical and secular authority in the state. Our second article in this issue considers both issues as it looks at the battle between the settlements of Mona and Goshen during the 1870s over water flowing from the western slopes of Mt. Nebo in what was known as Little Salt Creek—now called Currant Creek. FRONT COVER: Cooks in a Park City boarding house kitchen. PARK CITY MUSEUM. ABOVE: Ah Yen, known as China Mary, lived in Park City in the 1880s where she had a China ware shop on lower Park Avenue. She died in Evanston, Wyoming, on January 13, 1939 at an estimated age of 104 to 110. 302 Located only ten miles apart, but in separate valleys, the two communities were settled by Mormon pioneers in the 1850s. However a shared religion and common pioneer experience were not enough to stay the conflict over water and the ensuing impact it had on the lives of these early Utahns. Brigham Young Hampton seems to have led a double life—at least in the assessment of contemporaries. Among many nineteenth-century Mormons he was a stalwart, devoted pious saint. For others, however, he was seen as a “Latter-day thug.” As our third article reveals Hampton was not all one or the other, but as is the nature of mortals PARK CITY MUSEUM he ambled back and forth across the line of Completed in 1888, Park Cityʼs praiseworthy and not so praiseworthy conduct. China Bridge provided access Our final article for 2010 recounts an event above Chinatown as the primary in 1943 when a military plane enroute from Sacramento, California, to Fort Collins, route from Rossie Hill to Main Colorado, crashed in the remote reaches of Street until the bridge was badly Wayne County. When an intensive search damaged in the fire of 1898 and involving thirty military planes and unknown had to be demolished. number of civilian aircraft and search parties failed to locate the missing aircraft, three months later a group of Wayne County ranchers moving cattle from the mountains to the lower desert winter range came across the remains of the aircraft and the bodies of its six member crew. Major LeRoy Gray Heston, from Mather Field in Sacramento, California, was assigned to lead the recovery crew. His account of that effort offers an interesting and insightful view of the interaction of military personnel with the ranchers and their families in one of the most isolated and rural areas of the United States during World War II. 303 PARK CITY MUSEUM Grassroots Healing: The Park City Miners’ Hospital BY BEN CATER he story of the Park City Miners’ Hospital, built in 1904, offers a unique opportunity to consider a number of important issues and developments in Utah’s health care history. Among these are Tthe treatment and care of hardrock miners and their families, the establishment of the first hospitals in Utah and the role of religious organizations in that effort, the attitudes and actions of Park City mining companies and mine owners toward the health of their employees and their families, the role of labor unions in fostering better care and facilities, community action in securing and maintaining a hospital, the political, economic, and cultural forces that influenced the development and location of health Doctor C.M. Wilson in front of resources, and the issues of class, gender, Minersʼ Hospital Ben Cater is a graduate instructor and a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of History at the University of Utah. This article draws on research from his dissertation, “Public Health and Power in Salt Lake City, Utah, 1896-1939.” He wishes to thank Gary Topping, W. Paul Reeve, Matt Basso, Paul Mogren, Alan Derickson, Steve Tatum, and the staffs of the Utah State Historical Society, the Special Collections Department of the Marriott Library, University of Utah, and the Park City Historical Society and Museum. 304 MINERS’ HOSPITAL religion, and ethnicity, as they related to the hospital care of Utahns. As we consider the significance of the Park City Miners’ Hospital, we must do so from the perspectives and needs of several groups—the miners and their families, mine owners, labor union leaders, doctors and health care providers, religious leaders, townspeople, and minority groups such as the Chinese. Formerly a hospital specializing in the treatment of acute mining injuries, the two and one-half story Park City Miners’ Hospital retains only traces of its original appearance—a brick exterior with double-hung windows, a wooden porch and a hipped roof, surrounding flowerbeds, ornate molding, and a large plaque reading “Miners Hospital 1904” located high above the building’s entrance. The interior, long bereft of medical equipment and furniture, obscures the once modern floor plan of a kitchen, dumbwaiter, and dining room, a general ward, reception and private rooms, an operating and sterilizing room, as well as a furnace and coal bunker.