Church History Timeline AD 0 to 500
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Atlas of American Orthodox Christian Monasteries
Atlas of American Orthodox Christian Monasteries Atlas of Whether used as a scholarly introduction into Eastern Christian monasticism or researcher’s directory or a travel guide, Alexei Krindatch brings together a fascinating collection of articles, facts, and statistics to comprehensively describe Orthodox Christian Monasteries in the United States. The careful examina- Atlas of American Orthodox tion of the key features of Orthodox monasteries provides solid academic frame for this book. With enticing verbal and photographic renderings, twenty-three Orthodox monastic communities scattered throughout the United States are brought to life for the reader. This is an essential book for anyone seeking to sample, explore or just better understand Orthodox Christian monastic life. Christian Monasteries Scott Thumma, Ph.D. Director Hartford Institute for Religion Research A truly delightful insight into Orthodox monasticism in the United States. The chapters on the history and tradition of Orthodox monasticism are carefully written to provide the reader with a solid theological understanding. They are then followed by a very human and personal description of the individual US Orthodox monasteries. A good resource for scholars, but also an excellent ‘tour guide’ for those seeking a more personal and intimate experience of monasticism. Thomas Gaunt, S.J., Ph.D. Executive Director Center for Applied Research in the Apostolate (CARA) This is a fascinating and comprehensive guide to a small but important sector of American religious life. Whether you want to know about the history and theology of Orthodox monasticism or you just want to know what to expect if you visit, the stories, maps, and directories here are invaluable. -
The Dark Age Church Period of Barbarian Invasions
Scholars Crossing History of Global Missions Center for Global Ministries 2009 The Dark Age Church Period of Barbarian Invasions Don Fanning Liberty University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/cgm_hist Recommended Citation Fanning, Don, "The Dark Age Church Period of Barbarian Invasions" (2009). History of Global Missions. 3. https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/cgm_hist/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Global Ministries at Scholars Crossing. It has been accepted for inclusion in History of Global Missions by an authorized administrator of Scholars Crossing. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Middle Ages 500-1000 1 3 The Dark Age Church Period of Barbarian Invasions AD 500—1000 Introduction With the endorsement of the Emperor and obligatory church membership for all Roman citizens across the empire, Roman Christianity continued to change the nature of the Church, in stead of visa versa. The humble beginnings were soon forgotten in the luxurious halls and civil power of the highest courts and assemblies of the known world. Who needs spiritual power when you can have civil power? The transition from being the persecuted to the persecutor, from the powerless to the powerful with Imperial and divine authority brought with it the inevitable seeds of corruption. Some say that Christianity won the known world in the first five centuries, but a closer look may reveal that the world had won Christianity as well, and that, in much less time. The year 476 usually marks the end of the Christian Roman Empire in the West. -
The Progress of Religious Freedom As Shown in the History of Toleration Acts by Rev
THE PROGRESS OF RELIGIOUS FREEDOM AS SHOWN IN THE HISTORY OF TOLERATION ACTS THE PROGRESS OF RELIGIOUS FREEDOM AS SHOWN IN THE HISTORY OF TOLERATION ACTS BY REV. PHILIP SCHAFF, D.D., Professor of Church History, Union Theological Seminary, N. Y. CHAPTER L TOLERATION AND LIBERTY. An Edict or Act of Toleration is a grant of the civil gov- ernment, which authorizes religious societies dissenting from the State religion to worship according to the dictates of conscience without liability to persecution. Such an Edict always presupposes a religion established by law and sup- ported by the State, and the right of the State to control public worship. Toleration may proceed from necessity, or from prudence, or from indifference, or from liberality and an enlarged view of truth and right. It may be extended or withdrawn by the government; but it is usually the entering wedge for religious liberty and legal equality. There is a wide difference between toleration and-liberty. The one is a concession, the other a right; the one is a matter of expediency, the other a principle; the one is a gift of man, the other, a gift of God. Toleration implies more or less censure or disapproval. We tolerate or endure what we dislike but cannot prevent. The most despotic governments are tolerant towards sub- jects who are too numerous or too useful to be killed or exiled. Russia tolerates Romanists, Protestants, Jews, and Mohammedans; Turkey tolerates " Christian dogs," and likes them to prey upon each other; but woe to him in either country who apostatizes from the State religion, or 2 The Progress of Religious Freedom. -
QUESTION 39 Schism We Next Have to Consider the Vices That Are Opposed to Peace and That Involve Deeds: Schism (Schisma) (Quest
QUESTION 39 Schism We next have to consider the vices that are opposed to peace and that involve deeds: schism (schisma) (question 39); strife (rixa) (question 41); sedition (seditio) (question 42); and war (bellum) (question 40). On the first topic there are four questions: (1) Is schism a special sin? (2) Is schism a more serious sin than unbelief? (3) Do schismatics have any power? (4) Are schismatics appropriately punished with excommunication? Article 1 Is schism a special sin? It seems that schism is not a special sin: Objection 1: As Pope Pelagius says, “Schism (schisma) sounds like scissor (scissura).” But every sin effects some sort of cutting off—this according to Isaiah 59:2 (“Your sins have cut you off from your God”). Therefore, schism is not a special sin. Objection 2: Schismatics seem to be individuals who do not obey the Church. But a man becomes disobedient to the precepts of the Church through every sin, since sin, according to Ambrose, “is disobedience with respect to the celestial commandments.” Therefore, every sin is an instance of schism. Objection 3: Heresy likewise cuts a man off from the unity of the Faith. Therefore, if the name ‘schism’ implies being cut off, then schism does not seem to differ as a special sin from the sin of unbelief. But contrary to this: In Contra Faustum Augustine distinguishes schism from heresy as follows: “Schism is believing the same things as the others and worshiping with the same rites, but being content merely to split the congregation, whereas heresy is believing things that are diverse from what the Catholic Church believes.” Therefore, schism is not a general sin. -
Understanding the Concept of Islamic Sufism
Journal of Education & Social Policy Vol. 1 No. 1; June 2014 Understanding the Concept of Islamic Sufism Shahida Bilqies Research Scholar, Shah-i-Hamadan Institute of Islamic Studies University of Kashmir, Srinagar-190006 Jammu and Kashmir, India. Sufism, being the marrow of the bone or the inner dimension of the Islamic revelation, is the means par excellence whereby Tawhid is achieved. All Muslims believe in Unity as expressed in the most Universal sense possible by the Shahadah, la ilaha ill’Allah. The Sufi has realized the mysteries of Tawhid, who knows what this assertion means. It is only he who sees God everywhere.1 Sufism can also be explained from the perspective of the three basic religious attitudes mentioned in the Qur’an. These are the attitudes of Islam, Iman and Ihsan.There is a Hadith of the Prophet (saw) which describes the three attitudes separately as components of Din (religion), while several other traditions in the Kitab-ul-Iman of Sahih Bukhari discuss Islam and Iman as distinct attitudes varying in religious significance. These are also mentioned as having various degrees of intensity and varieties in themselves. The attitude of Islam, which has given its name to the Islamic religion, means Submission to the Will of Allah. This is the minimum qualification for being a Muslim. Technically, it implies an acceptance, even if only formal, of the teachings contained in the Qur’an and the Traditions of the Prophet (saw). Iman is a more advanced stage in the field of religion than Islam. It designates a further penetration into the heart of religion and a firm faith in its teachings. -
The Church Jesus Built
The Church Jesus Built Studies On The Church We Read About In The Bible This material is from Executable Outlines .com , a web site containing sermon outlines and Bible studies by Mark A. Copeland. Visit the web site to browse or download additional material for church or personal use. The outlines were developed in the course of my ministry as a preacher of the gospel. Feel free to use them as they are, or adapt them to suit your own personal style. To God Be The Glory! Executable Outlines, Copyright © Mark A. Copeland, 2006 Mark A. Copeland The Church Jesus Built Table Of Contents Why Study The Church? 3 What Is The Church? 6 The Nature Of The Church (Universal) 9 The Nature Of The Church (Local) 11 The Authority Of The Church 14 Other Standards Of Authority 17 How To Establish Authority 20 Other Thoughts Related To Authority 23 The Organization Of The Church 26 Changes In Church Organization 29 The Nature Of Worship In The Church 32 The Elements Of Worship In The Church 36 The Work Of The Church 40 Innovations In The Work Of The Church 43 Identifying The Lord’s Church Today 48 Starting The Lord’s Church In Your Home 52 The Church Jesus Built 2 Mark A. Copeland The Church Jesus Built Why Study The Church? INTRODUCTION 1. In Mt 16:18 , we read where Jesus spoke of His church... a. In which He promises “I will build my church” b. In which not even the “gates of Hades” (i.e., death) shall prevail against it, either by trying to: 1) Prevent its establishment (death did not prevent Jesus from building His church) 2) Destroy the church (killing Christians does not destroy the church) 2. -
Episcopal Church Style Guide
Episcopal Church Style Guide The official name of the church is The Episcopal Church. When writing about the Episcopal Church, please follow these guidelines: * In the first reference, the full name of the church is preferred: The Episcopal Church. * When referring to church members, the term “Episcopalians” is preferred. We elect a Presiding Bishop, who is our chief pastor and primate of the church. Chosen by the House of Bishops from one of its members, the Presiding Bishop serves for nine years, or until normal retirement age, if that occurs first. In formal usage, he or she is known as “The Most Reverend”,” usually abbreviated to “The Most Rev.” His or her first name (or preferred forename) is always used, together with an initial if applicable (e.g., “The Most Rev. John A. Smith”, or “The Most Rev. A. John Smith”). All other bishops should be addressed as above, but using the form “The Rt. Rev.” Priests and deacons are referred to as “The Rev.” Our church is organized into dioceses, and there is at least one diocese in each state. However, some states have two or more dioceses. For example, we have a Diocese of New Jersey, but in the northern part of the state there is a Diocese of Newark. Likewise, there is a Diocese of Texas, but there are several other dioceses in that state. The Bishop with jurisdiction of a diocese is usually known as the “diocesan bishop”, and is sometimes known as the “Ordinary.” He or she may have other bishops to assist, who are referred to as “bishops suffragan” and are elected in the same way that bishops are, by representatives of the members of the diocese. -
Biblical Trinity Doctrine and Christology Translation of L
Ludwig Neidhart: Biblical Trinity Doctrine and Christology translation of L. Neidhart, Biblische Trinitätslehre und Christologie, published online on http://catholic-church.org/ao/ps/Trinitaet.html, translated by the author, published online on http://catholic-church.org/ao/ps/downloads/TrinityChristology.pdf © Dr. Ludwig Neidhart, Hannover 1990 (original German Version) © Dr. Ludwig Neidhart, Augsburg 2017 (extended German Version and English translation) corrected and extended Version January 09, 2021 Contents: 1. Unity in Essence and Personal Distinction between Father and Son......................................................3 2. The Unity in Essence between the Father and the Son: Ten Biblical Arguments..................................8 3. The Holy Spirit or Holy Ghost..................................................................................................................18 4. The Triune God..........................................................................................................................................21 5. Trinity and Incarnation.............................................................................................................................29 6. Development of the Doctrine of Trinity and Incarnation......................................................................31 7. Summary and Graphic Presentation of the Concepts of Trinity and Incarnation..............................48 8. Discussion: Is the Son subordinated to the Father?...............................................................................50 -
Events of the Reformation Part 1 – Church Becomes Powerful Institution
May 20, 2018 Events of the Reformation Protestants and Roman Catholics agree on first 5 centuries. What changed? Why did some in the Church want reform by the 16th century? Outline Why the Reformation? 1. Church becomes powerful institution. 2. Additional teaching and practices were added. 3. People begin questioning the Church. 4. Martin Luther’s protest. Part 1 – Church Becomes Powerful Institution Evidence of Rome’s power grab • In 2nd century we see bishops over regions; people looked to them for guidance. • Around 195AD there was dispute over which day to celebrate Passover (14th Nissan vs. Sunday) • Polycarp said 14th Nissan, but now Victor (Bishop of Rome) liked Sunday. • A council was convened to decide, and they decided on Sunday. • But bishops of Asia continued the Passover on 14th Nissan. • Eusebius wrote what happened next: “Thereupon Victor, who presided over the church at Rome, immediately attempted to cut off from the common unity the parishes of all Asia, with the churches that agreed with them, as heterodox [heretics]; and he wrote letters and declared all the brethren there wholly excommunicate.” (Eus., Hist. eccl. 5.24.9) Everyone started looking to Rome to settle disputes • Rome was always ending up on the winning side in their handling of controversial topics. 1 • So through a combination of the fact that Rome was the most important city in the ancient world and its bishop was always right doctrinally then everyone started looking to Rome. • So Rome took that power and developed it into the Roman Catholic Church by the 600s. Church granted power to rule • Constantine gave the pope power to rule over Italy, Jerusalem, Constantinople and Alexandria. -
Mysticism and Greek Monasticism
Mysticism and Greek Monasticism By JOHANNES RINNE There is reason to assert that Christian mysticism is as old as Christianity itself. In the Pauline epistles, e.g., there are obvious signs of this fact. The later Christian mysticism has, in a high degree, been inspired by these ele- ments and likewise by various corresponding thoughts in the Johannine writings, which traditionally are interpreted from this angle and which have played a central role especially for the Orthodox Church.' In the light of the above-mentioned circumstances, it seems fully natural that there exists, from the very beginning, a clear connection also between mysticism and Christian monasticism. It has been pointed out by certain authors that the role of mystical visions is of essential and decisive significance also as regards the development from the stage of the hermits of the deserts to that form of life which, in the proper sense of the word, is characterised as monastic. There is, generally speaking, no possibility to understand correctly the intentions and the thoughts of the great pioneers of monasticism, unless one takes into account the mystically visionary factors. To this end it is neces- sary, furthermore, to penetrate in an inner, spiritual way, into the holy sym- bolism of the monastic tradition and into the sacred legends of its history.2 In other words, it is necessary to keep constantly in mind the visionary factor and to remember that the pioneers of monastic life, as a rule, are men of which it may be said that they have their conversation in heaven: on the mystical level of vision they converse with the angels as the representatives of the heavenly world and as those organs, by means of which the principles of monastic life are transmitted and given to the men of mystical visions.' The things mentioned above are not merely history. -
Christopher White Table of Contents
Christopher White Table of Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 4 Peter the “rock”? ...................................................................................................................................... 4 Churches change over time ...................................................................................................................... 6 The Church and her earthly pilgrimage .................................................................................................... 7 Chapter 1 The Apostle Peter (d. 64?) : First Bishop and Pope of Rome? .................................................. 11 Peter in Rome ......................................................................................................................................... 12 Yes and No .............................................................................................................................................. 13 The death of Peter .................................................................................................................................. 15 Chapter 2 Pope Sylvester (314-335): Constantine’s Pope ......................................................................... 16 Constantine and his imprint .................................................................................................................... 17 “Remembering” Sylvester ...................................................................................................................... -
Cyprian on the Lord’S Prayer
Early Church Classics. ST. CYPRIAN ON THE LORD’S PRAYER AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION, WITH INTRODUCTION BY T. HERBERT BINDLEY, M.A., D.D. PRINCIPAL OF CODRINGTON COLLEGE, BARBADOS; EXAMINING CHAPLAIN TO THE LORD BISHOP. PUBLISHED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE TRACT COMMITTEE LONDON: SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING CHRISTIAN KNOWLEDGE, NORTHUMBERLAND AVENUE, W.C.; 43, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, E.C. BRIGHTON: 129, NORTH STREET. NEW YORK: EDWIN S. GORHAM. 1914 Source: https://archive.org/stream/stcyprianonlords00cypruoft/stcyprianonlords00cypruoft_djvu.txt Modernized, corrected, and annotated (in blue) © William H. Gross www.onthewing.org Apr 2014 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................... 4 § 2. St. Cyprian’s Life. .................................................................................................................... 4 § 3. The Date Of The Treatise. ....................................................................................................... 7 § 4. Cyprian’s Text Of The Paternoster. ........................................................................................ 7 § 5. Liturgical Allusions. ................................................................................................................ 9 CHAPTER 1 ...................................................................................................................................... 12 CHAPTER 2 ....................................................................................................................................