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Mémoires Du Chef De L'orchestre Rouge

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Mémoires Du Chef De L'orchestre Rouge Enfin Léopold Trepper parle... Peu de témoignages auront été attendus, depuis des années, avec un intérêt aussi passionné. Léopold Trepper est d'abord pour l'Histoire le chef de l'Orchestre Rouge, l'un des réseaux de renseignement les plus importants de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, qui apporta à la victoire des alliés une contribution dont l'adver- saire lui-même a reconnu la portée et la valeur. C'est dans la Pologne de sa jeunesse que Léopold Trepper découvre, au contact du prolétariat de la ville indus- trielle de Dombrova, dont il partage les luttes, l'ampleur de l'exploitation contre laquelle lutte la Révolution d'Octobre. Proche d'un mouvement communiste dans lequel il voit le seul moyen de régler le problème des mi- norités nationales juives, il part en militant pour la Palestine; là, il est confronté à une nouvelle forme d'ex- ploitation : le colonialisme. Arrêté, expulsé par les autorités anglaises, il arrive en France. Au milieu des Juifs immigrés, chassés par les pogroms tsaristes et le nazisme, le voilà de nouveau dans la lutte. Trepper est désigné par le parti communiste fran- çais pour aller parfaire à Moscou sa formation doctrinale. En passant par l'Allemagne, il découvre brutalement le fait hitlérien. Comprenant le danger qui menace, il entre dans les services de renseignement de l'Armée Rouge et rejoint les rangs des combattants de l'ombre, avant d'organiser en Bel- gique et en France un réseau redou- table qui est à l'écoute de la machine de guerre allemande. A Berlin, ses agents travaillent en plein cœur du Reich. C'est la grande aventure de l'Orchestre Rouge... L'Abwehr, puis le kommando spécial formé des meil- leurs limiers allemands lui portent les premiers coups. Arrêté, le chef de LE GRAND JEU Leopold Trepper LE GRAND JEU Albin Michel Ce texte a été directement écrit en français par l'auteur, avec la collaboration de Patrick ROTMAN (Ç) Éditions Albin Michel, 1975 22, rue Huyghens, 75014 Paris ISBN 2-226 - 00176 - X à Luba compagne courageuse de ma vie Sommaire Remerciements 13 Avant-propos 15 I. APPRENTISSAGE 1. Deux images 19 2. Novy-Targ 21 3. Palestine 28 4. La France 38 5. Enfin à Moscou! 46 6. Face à face avec la réalité 51 7. La peur 56 8. Les Juifs pourchassés 65 9. L'Armée Rouge assassinée 71 10. La maison chocolat 74 1 I. A la recherche de Fantomas 80 12. Origine d'une légende 85 II. L'ORCHESTRE ROUGE I. Naissance de l'Orchestre 89 2. The Foreign Excellent Trench-Coat 96 3. La grande illusion 101 4. Dans la bataille 106 5. Premières mesures 114 6. Au cœur du Reich 121 7. L'intime conviction du grand patron ...................... 124 8. L'Orchestre joue 128 9. Fernand Pauriol 132 10. Ma double vie ......................................... 136 II. 101, rue des Atrébates 141 12. Les erreurs du Centre 150 13. Le Sonderkommando sur nos traces 155 14. « Alors monsieur Otto... » 159 15. Le Grand Jeu 167 16. Six défaites pour Karl Giering 172 17. La série noire 176 18. Prisonnier spécial 184 19. « La vengeance est pour bientôt » 190 20. Quatre rencontres avec Juliette 193 21. L'enfer de Breendonk 200 22. Le Centre prend l'initiative 210 23. Le Sonderkommando tombe dans le piège 215 24. Le bourreau de Prague 226 25. « Le Grand Chef s'est évadé! » 233 26. Un duel serré avec la Gestapo 246 27. Recherché par toutes les polices 256 28. Le Sonderkommando sous surveillance 263 29. Les bourreaux ont laissé leurs empreintes 269 III. LE RETOUR 1. Un singulier voyage 279 2. Loubianka 287 3. Lefortovo 294 4. La maison des morts-vivants '. 305 5. Leçons d'histoire 309 6. Étonnantes rencontres dans les prisons de Staline 312 7. Libéré! 322 8. Retour à Varsovie 329 9. Le dernier combat 336 Documents annexes 345 Index ....................................................... 409 Je tiens à manifester ma gratitude à tous ceux qui, dans le monde, se sont mobilisés pour que je . puisse sortir de Pologne. Aux militants des comités « pour la libération de Trepper », aux partis, syndicats, associations qui ont participé à ce combat, aux simples particuliers, je dois d'avoir pu écrire ce livre. Je veux également exprimer ma reconnaissance aux organismes officiels ou privés qui m'ont facilité les recherches : L'équipe de Mme Braem, du département " recherches, documentation et décès " dépendant du ministère belge de la Santé Publique et de la Famille. La direction du Mémorial de Breendonk et en particulier le profes- seur Paul M. C. Lévy, du département des sciences économiques, sociales et politiques de l'université catholique de Louvain. M. J. Vanwelkenhyzen, directeur, et MM. Jean Dujardin et José Gotovitch, du Centre de recherches et d'études historiques de la Seconde Guerre mondiale de Belgique. Le professeur Jean-Léon Charles, de l'Académie royale militaire de Belgique. Grâce à eux, ce livre est plus complet et plus exact. Enfin, que tous les survivants de l'Orchestre Rouge et leurs familles soient ici fraternellement remerciés pour l'aide qu'ils m'ont apportée par leurs témoignages. L. T. Avant-propos L'idée d'écrire mes souvenirs m'est venue lorsque f attendais l'autorisation de quitter la Pologne, pendant les trois années que j'ai passées à Varsovie dans une solitude totale. Dans cet état de « prisonnier libre », très diffi- cile à supporter sur le plan moral, la seule préoccupation de mes pensées était l'évocation du temps révolu. Tout homme, au terme de son chemin, retient une période privilégiée qui l'a marqué plus que les autres : quand je regarde les soixante-dix ans de ma vie écoulée, je considère que ce qui m'est arrivé entre mes trente et quarante ans - l'époque de l' Orchestre Rouge - est le plus important. Certes, le drame me guettait à tous les détours, le danger était le plus fidèle de mes compagnons, mais si je devais recommencer, je recommencerais avec joie .1 Aujourd'hui - enfin - je n'ai plus rien à cacher ; je n'ai d'autre ambition que de dire la vérité sur les cinquante années de ma vie mili- tante. La vérité, la voici... I APPRENTISSAGE 1. Deux images A l'heure qu'il est, deux images me reviennent à l'esprit, qui marquent assez bien les étapes de mon existence. La première me ramène à ma prime enfance, en juillet 1914, à Novy-Targ, petit bourg de Pologne où je suis né. Un cri retentit encore à mes oreilles : « On a arrêté un espion russe ! » La rumeur, en quelques instants, avait fait le tour de notre petite ville... Des rumeurs, il n'en manquait pas en ces derniers jours de juil- let 1914. D'une fenêtre à l'autre, dans la rue, on propageait la nouvelle : « On a arrêté un espion russe dans le village de Poronine, on l'amène ici ! » Comme tous les enfants de mon âge, je courus à la station de chemin de fer pour assister à l'arrivée du prisonnier. Le train entra en gare... Encadré de deux gendarmes, un homme petit, trapu, en descendit. Une barbiche rousse. Une large casquette inclinée sur le front. Je suivis, mêlé aux gamins, l'étrange trio qui traversa la place centrale avant de gagner l'hôtel de ville où était aménagée une unique cellule pour les ivrognes braillards. L' « espion » y fut enfermé. Le lendemain, les gen- darmes le conduisirent à la prison qui se trouvait juste en face de la synagogue. C'était un samedi. En un instant, les Juifs désertèrent l'office religieux. Ils stationnaient par petits groupes devant la prison, discourant sans fin sur la guerre et l' « espion russe ». Quelques jours plus tard, celui-ci fut transféré à Cracovie et les habitants de Novy-Targ, les Juifs surtout, se gaussèrent d'un boutiquier de Poronine qui avait fait crédit à l'espion et à sa femme pendant plusieurs mois. La crédulité du boutiquier juif demeura sujet de plaisanterie jusqu'à ce jour de 1918 qui lui apporta une lettre de Suisse. Bientôt, la ville entière en connut le contenu : Veuillez m'excuser d'être parti sans vous payer en 1914, en raison des circonstan- ces difficiles. Je vous prie d'accepter la somme jointe. Vladimir Ilitch LÉNINE. Lénine n'avait pas oublié 1... Telle fut ma première rencontre avec l' « espionnage » et le communisme. On pourrait y discerner un appel du destin, mais j'avais dix ans et j'ignorais jusqu'au sens de ces deux mots qui m'accompagneraient ma vie entière. Et pourtant... Les années ont passé dans d'étranges combats, l'âge est venu, et la solitude aussi bien... Et voici la seconde image. Une date : le 23 février 1972. C'est mon anniversaire. J'ai soixante-huit ans et je suis dans mon appartement. Les images des fêtes qui, les années précédentes, réunis- saient ma famille en cette occasion me reviennent en mémoire et avivent ma tristesse. Nous étions alors une dizaine autour de la table : ma femme, mes fils, leurs compagnes et les petits-enfants. Aujourd'hui, je suis seul : depuis trois ans le gouvernement polonais me retient « pri- sonnier » à domicile en m'empêchant de rejoindre les miens que la campagne antisémite a chassés. Depuis des jours et des jours, le téléphone reste muet. C'est l'isolement. Et tout à coup la sonnerie me fait sursauter : ma femme m'appelle pour me souhaiter mon anniversaire! Toute la journée, de France, du Danemark, de Suisse, du Canada, de Belgique, des États-Unis, ce sont mes fils, des amis et des relations, des inconnus aussi, alertés par la campagne qui se développe en ma faveur en Europe, qui me disent quelques paroles de solidarité.
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