Eisenhower's Parallel Track
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Title of Thesis: ABSTRACT CLASSIFYING BIAS
ABSTRACT Title of Thesis: CLASSIFYING BIAS IN LARGE MULTILINGUAL CORPORA VIA CROWDSOURCING AND TOPIC MODELING Team BIASES: Brianna Caljean, Katherine Calvert, Ashley Chang, Elliot Frank, Rosana Garay Jáuregui, Geoffrey Palo, Ryan Rinker, Gareth Weakly, Nicolette Wolfrey, William Zhang Thesis Directed By: Dr. David Zajic, Ph.D. Our project extends previous algorithmic approaches to finding bias in large text corpora. We used multilingual topic modeling to examine language-specific bias in the English, Spanish, and Russian versions of Wikipedia. In particular, we placed Spanish articles discussing the Cold War on a Russian-English viewpoint spectrum based on similarity in topic distribution. We then crowdsourced human annotations of Spanish Wikipedia articles for comparison to the topic model. Our hypothesis was that human annotators and topic modeling algorithms would provide correlated results for bias. However, that was not the case. Our annotators indicated that humans were more perceptive of sentiment in article text than topic distribution, which suggests that our classifier provides a different perspective on a text’s bias. CLASSIFYING BIAS IN LARGE MULTILINGUAL CORPORA VIA CROWDSOURCING AND TOPIC MODELING by Team BIASES: Brianna Caljean, Katherine Calvert, Ashley Chang, Elliot Frank, Rosana Garay Jáuregui, Geoffrey Palo, Ryan Rinker, Gareth Weakly, Nicolette Wolfrey, William Zhang Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Gemstone Honors Program, University of Maryland, 2018 Advisory Committee: Dr. David Zajic, Chair Dr. Brian Butler Dr. Marine Carpuat Dr. Melanie Kill Dr. Philip Resnik Mr. Ed Summers © Copyright by Team BIASES: Brianna Caljean, Katherine Calvert, Ashley Chang, Elliot Frank, Rosana Garay Jáuregui, Geoffrey Palo, Ryan Rinker, Gareth Weakly, Nicolette Wolfrey, William Zhang 2018 Acknowledgements We would like to express our sincerest gratitude to our mentor, Dr. -
5 Eisenhower, Sputnik, and the Creation of PSAC, 1957
Zuoyue Wang, In Sputnik's Shadow (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2008). 5 Eisenhower, Sputnik, and the Creation of PSAC, 1957 On the evening of October 4, 1957, American physicist and ODM-SAC member Lloyd Berkner was attending a reception for International Geophysical Year scien- tists at the Soviet embassy in Washington, DC, when a New York Times reporter told him that the Soviets had just launched a satellite. Berkner immediately announced the news and congratulated the Soviet scientists present on their achievement.1 In short order, the Sputnik news spread like a wildfi re and promised to change, among other things, the science–state partnership and put the hitherto obscure scientists on the ODM-SAC into the public spotlight. Sputnik, or “fellow traveler [of the earth],” evoked intense but mixed feelings in the American people. Ever since American scientists and engineers produced the atomic bomb and other technological wonders to win World War II, their countrymen had generally assumed that the U.S. domination in science and tech- nology was unquestionable. Few were aware or cared about the fact that Europe had led the world in science until the 1930s. Even scientists who knew better about Soviet strength disbelieved that a totalitarian system that had brutally suppressed scientifi c freedom, as in the Lysenko scandal only a few years before, could achieve such technological excellence. Vannevar Bush, for example, had declared in 1949 that “We can take comfort in the conviction that dictatorship will seldom pioneer, and that when they do the dictator will probably buy gold bricks. -
Exploring the Unknown
NASA SP-4407 EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN Selected Documents in the History of the U.S.Civil Space Program Volume I: Organizingfor Exploratian John M. Logsdon, Editor with Linda J. Lear, Jannelle Warren-Findley, Ray A. Williamson, and Dwayne A. Day The NMA History Series National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA History Office Washington, D.C. 1995 Library of Congress Cataloguingin-Publication Data Exploring the Unknown: Selected Documents in the History of the US. Civil Space Program /John M. Logsdon, editor with LindaJ. Lear. .. [et al.] p. cm.-(The NASA history series) (NASA SP 4407) Includes bibliographical references and indexes. Contents: v. 1. Organizing for exploration 1. AstronauticsUnited SIate.+-History I. Logsdon, John M., 1937- . 11. Lear, Linda J., 1940- . 111. Series. IV. Series: NASA SP: 4407. TL789.8.U5E87 1995 95-9066 387.8'09734~20 CIP To the Memory of Eugene M. Emm (191 9-1 985) The First NASA Historian, Without Whose Early Vision This Collection Would Not Have Been Possible Contents Acknowledgments ................................................................................................................ xv Introduction ....................................................................................................................... xvii Biographies of Volume I Essay Authors ............................................................................ xxi ... Glossary ............................................................................................................................. xxiii Chapter -
The 1960 Presidential Election in Florida: Did the Space Race and the National Prestige Issue Play an Important Role?
UNF Digital Commons UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations Student Scholarship 2000 The 1960 rP esidential Election in Florida: Did the Space Race and the National Prestige Issue Play an Important Role? Randy Wade Babish University of North Florida Suggested Citation Babish, Randy Wade, "The 1960 rP esidential Election in Florida: Did the Space Race and the National Prestige Issue Play an Important Role?" (2000). UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 134. https://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/134 This Master's Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at UNF Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UNF Digital Commons. For more information, please contact Digital Projects. © 2000 All Rights Reserved THE 1960 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN FLORIDA: DID THE SPACE RACE AND THE NATIONAL PRESTIGE ISSUE PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE? by Randy Wade Babish A thesis submitted to the Department of History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History UNIVERSITY OF NORTH FLORIDA COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES December, 2000 Unpublished work © Randy Wade Babish The thesis of Randy Wade Babish is approved: (Date) Signature Deleted Signature Deleted Signature Deleted Signature Deleted Accepted for the College: Signature Deleted Signature Deleted eanofGfaduate rues ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Although my name appears on the title page and I assume full responsibility for the final product and its content, the quality of this work was greatly enhanced by the guidance of several individuals. First, the members of my thesis committee, Dr. -
Day 6: Comparing Themes Across Texts English Language Arts
Day 6: Comparing Themes Across Texts English Language Arts • Analyze the primary source quotes of Apollo 1 astronauts prior to their tragic deaths. Attempt to find a common theme that relates to the previous themes • Additional Resource Video: Apollo 1 Mission Results in Space Changes https://bit.ly/2DXV9gs The Apollo 1 Mission Videos of Quotes from the Apollo 1 Astronauts: https://ctm.americanexperience.org Directions: Consider the words of the following NASA astronauts who were scheduled to lift off in Apollo 1 on February 21, 1967. Virgil “Gus” Grissom: There's always a possibility that you can have a catastrophic failure, of course. This can happen on any flight. It can happen on the last one as well as the first one. You just plan as best you can to take care of all these eventualities, and you get a well-trained crew, and you go fly. Ed White: "I think you have to understand the feeling that a pilot has, that a test pilot has, that I look forward a great deal to making the first flight. There's a great deal of pride involved in making a first flight." (The New York Times, January 29, 1967, p. 48.) Roger Chaffee: “Oh, I don’t like to say anything scary about it. Um, there’s a lot of unknowns of course and a lot of problems that could develop, might develop. And they’ll have to be solved and that’s what we’re there for.” During a test launch approximately a month before their scheduled launch into space, these men suffered a tragic death when they were locked inside of their command module when a fire broke out aboard the ship. -
Into the Unknown Together the DOD, NASA, and Early Spaceflight
Frontmatter 11/23/05 10:12 AM Page i Into the Unknown Together The DOD, NASA, and Early Spaceflight MARK ERICKSON Lieutenant Colonel, USAF Air University Press Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama September 2005 Frontmatter 11/23/05 10:12 AM Page ii Air University Library Cataloging Data Erickson, Mark, 1962- Into the unknown together : the DOD, NASA and early spaceflight / Mark Erick- son. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-58566-140-6 1. Manned space flight—Government policy—United States—History. 2. National Aeronautics and Space Administration—History. 3. Astronautics, Military—Govern- ment policy—United States. 4. United States. Air Force—History. 5. United States. Dept. of Defense—History. I. Title. 629.45'009'73––dc22 Disclaimer Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are solely those of the editor and do not necessarily represent the views of Air University, the United States Air Force, the Department of Defense, or any other US government agency. Cleared for public re- lease: distribution unlimited. Air University Press 131 West Shumacher Avenue Maxwell AFB AL 36112-6615 http://aupress.maxwell.af.mil ii Frontmatter 11/23/05 10:12 AM Page iii To Becky, Anna, and Jessica You make it all worthwhile. THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Frontmatter 11/23/05 10:12 AM Page v Contents Chapter Page DISCLAIMER . ii DEDICATION . iii ABOUT THE AUTHOR . ix 1 NECESSARY PRECONDITIONS . 1 Ambling toward Sputnik . 3 NASA’s Predecessor Organization and the DOD . 18 Notes . 24 2 EISENHOWER ACT I: REACTION TO SPUTNIK AND THE BIRTH OF NASA . 31 Eisenhower Attempts to Calm the Nation . -
Post-Presidential Papers, 1961-69 1964 PRINCIPAL FILE Series
EISENHOWER, DWIGHT D.: Post-Presidential Papers, 1961-69 1964 PRINCIPAL FILE Series Description The 1964 Principal File, which was the main office file for Dwight D. Eisenhower’s Gettysburg Office, is divided into two subseries--a subject file and an alphabetical file. The subject subseries consists of a little over twenty-three boxes of material, and it is arranged alphabetically by subject. This subseries contains such categories as appointments, autographs, endorsements, gifts, invitations, memberships, memoranda, messages, political affairs, publications, statements, and trips. Invitations generated the greatest volume of correspondence, followed by appointments, messages, and gifts. Documentation in this subseries includes correspondence, schedules, agendas, articles, memoranda, transcripts of interviews, and reports. The alphabetical subseries, which has a little over thirty-four boxes, is arranged alphabetically by names of individuals and organizations. It is primarily a correspondence file, but it also contains printed materials, speeches, cross-reference sheets, interview transcripts, statements, clippings, and photographs. During 1964 Eisenhower was receiving correspondence from the public at the rate of over fifty thousand letters a year. This placed considerable strain on Eisenhower and his small office staff, and many requests for appointments, autographs, speeches, endorsements, and special messages met with a negative response. Although the great bulk of the correspondence in this series involves routine matters, there are considerable letters and memoranda which deal with national and international issues, events, and personalities. Some of the subjects discussed in Eisenhower’s correspondence include the 1964 presidential race, NATO, the U.S. space program, the U. S. economy, presidential inability and succession, defense policies, civil rights legislation, political extremists, and Cuba. -
Fairway V8 A
' « t u ■ \' PAG& TBk S A l'U R D A y DECEMBER 28, 196t ilmtrl;pBtfr lEu?ntUQ l|prali!i ATtraRi! Daily Net Prem Run For tl^ W e e k Ended The Westhcr December 28, 1957 M erry Christmas," as he handed PorM M t et D. 8. Weetbar Bareae us several packages. Engaged About Town It was a pleasant surprise, but Heard Along Main Street he didn't fool us. He W’as only the -Mostly cloudy, tonight.' St. John'! (!%urch on Golway deliveryman from a departrhent Member nf Audit l/ow In 20s. Tuesday chance of td-. 8 t will hold m New Year'* eve And on Some of Manchester'a Sifle Streets, Too store. Business Bodies Bureau nf 'Illation termittent snmv. High in 80*. / •ervlce at 7 p.m. Tuesday. Masse* Manchester— A City of Village Charm Naw Tear'a Day. Wednesday, will Takes Two to Tango be at 8:30 and 10:30 a.m. story Without Ending cat beejatne a member of the We have heard o f two instances The Central Connecticut Cooper-<^wlnter catalogue has b ^ n mailed This is the season of the year household or not, for the haircut during this holiday season where atlve Farmers Assn., located at to the firm's customers. According VOL. LX X V II, NO. 76 (FOURTEEN PAGES) MANCHESTER, CONN., MONDAY, DECEMBER 30. 1957 (Classified Advertlelng qn Page 13) The Nursery School which meets' when deliverymen and newspaper that we were getting ended and people received Christmas gifts Apel P l„ had Ita annual dinner to Montgomery Ward officials PRICE FIVE CENTS •ach Sunday at 0:30 a.m. -
Timeline of Key Events - Paper 2 - the Cold War
Timeline of Key Events - Paper 2 - The Cold War Revision Activities - Remembering the chronological order and specific dates of events is an important skill in IBDP History and can help you to organise the flow of events and how they are connected. Study the timeline of key events below, taken from the IBDP specification, to test yourself. Origins of the Cold War 1943-1949 - Global Spread of the Cold War 1945-1964 - Reconciliation and Renewed Conflict 1963-1979 - The End of the Cold War 1939 24 August - The Nazi-Soviet Pact is signed between Germany and the USSR. Italy was only informed two days before the Pact. Each pledged to remain neutral in the event of either nation being attacked by a third party. Its secret protocols divided Northern and Eastern Europe into German and Soviet spheres of influence. Poland was divided between the two. 1 September - Germany invades Poland at 4.45am, starting the European War with Italy declaring itself a non-belligerent. 3 September - Britain and France declare war on Germany. 1940 9 April - German troops invade Denmark and Norway in order to secure Swedish coal and steel supplies. 10 May - Germany invades Holland, Belgium and France simultaneously, ending the Phoney War in the West. 10 May - Winston Churchill becomes UK Prime Minister after the resignation of Neville Chamberlain. 1941 11 March - The US Lend-Lease Act launched a programme for supplying Britain and other allies with ‘surplus’ armaments in return for bases. Over $50 billion in supplies were given, ending any pretense of neutrality. 22 June - Operation Barbarossa begins as Germany invades the USSR. -
Ike's Missile Crisis
4/12/20198:1901 AM University of Washington Libraries Interlibrary Loan and Document Delivery Services Box 352900 - Seattle, WA 98195-2900 (206) 543-1878 Document Delivery [email protected] w WAU 1 WAUWAS 1 RAPID:WAU Scan Seattle SCAN FOR COURSE INSTRUCTION ILLiad TN: 1747933 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 Location: Suzzallo and Allen Libraries Stacks Call #: E835 .H56 2018 Loansome Doc: Work Order Location: n 1111111111 Journal Title: The Age of Eisenhower Customer Reference: Volume: Billing Category: Issue: Chapter 15 Needed By: 10-10-2099 Month/Year: ,2018 Maximum Cost: Pages: 376-406 Article Author: Wiliam Hitchcock NOTICE OF COPYRIGHT Article Title: The document above is being supplied to you in accordance with ISSN: 9781439175668 United States Copyright Law (Title 17 US Code). It is intended only OCLC #: for your personal research or instructional use. The document may not be posted to the web or retransmitted in electronic form. Distribution or copying in any form requires the prior express written consent of the copyright owner and payment of royalties Infringement of copyright law may subject the violator to civil fine andlor criminal prosecution. Special Instructions: ScanforCanvas Notes/Alternate Delivery: Email: [email protected] EMAIL: [email protected] ILLiad CHAPTER 15 IKE'S MISSILE CRISIS "The world must stop the present plunge toward more and more destructive weapons of war:' I THE FIGHT OVER THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1957, FOLLOWED by the bitter clash in Little Rock, left Eisenhower reeling and unsteady. His political fortunes sagged further when, in August 1957, the nation's economy slipped into a short, sharp recession. -
Higher Education in Wartime and the Development of National Defense
The First Line of Defense: Higher Education in Wartime and the Development of National Defense Education, 1939-1959 Dana Adrienne Ponte a dissertation to be submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON 2016 Reading Committee: Maresi Nerad, Chair Nancy Beadie Bill Zumeta Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Educational Leadership & Policy Studies ©Copyright 2016 Dana Adrienne Ponte Abstract This study posits that the National Defense Education Act of 1958 (NDEA) represented the culmination of nearly a century-long process through which education was linked to national defense in periods of wartime, and later retained a strategic utility for defense purposes in times of peace. That a defense rationale for federal support of public higher education achieved a staying power that outlasted moments of temporary strategic necessity is due in large part to the efforts of individuals in the education and policymaking communities who were able to envision and promote a lasting, expansive definition of education for national defense – one that would effectively marshal federal funding for decades to come. In the latter half of the 20th century, it was precisely this definition that provided the rationale for further federal forays into public education in the United States, accumulating into a level of involvement that now feels commonplace. Despite its present predominance, however, this relationship was by no means a foregone conclusion in the early decades of the 20th century. The United States has historically been defined by its constitutional separation of federal and state powers, notably made manifest in a traditional emphasis on state control over public education. -
Legislative Origins of the National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958
LEGISLATIVE ORIGINS OF THE NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ACT OF 1958 Proceedings of an Oral History Workshop Conducted April 3, 1992 LEGISLATIVE ORIGINS OF THE NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ACT OF 1958 Proceedings of an Oral History Workshop Conducted April 3, 1992 Moderated by John M. Logsdon MONOGRAPHS IN AEROSPACE HISTORY Number 8 National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA History Office Office of Policy and Plans Washington, DC 1998 Contents Forewor d . .iii Preface and Acknowledgments . .v Introduction . .vii Individual Discussions George E. Reedy . .1 Willis H. Shapley . .6 Gerald W. Siegel . .11 Glen P. Wilson . .16 H. Guyford Stever . .21 Paul G. Dembling . .25 Eilene Galloway . .30 Roundtable Discussion . .37 Appendices “How the U.S. Space Act Came to Be,” by Glen P. Wilson . .49 “Additional Comments,” by Eilene Galloway . .57 “National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958” . .61 Index . .75 Forewor d n retrospect, it appears that the Soviet launch of Sputniks 1 and 2 in the autumn of 1957 took place at exactly the right time to inspire the U.S. entrance into the space age. The ingredients were in place Ito begin space exploration already, but the Sputnik crisis prompted important legislation that brought many of these elements together into a single organization. By striking a blow at U.S. prestige, the Sputnik crisis had the effect of unifying groups that had been working separately on space missions, national defense, arms control, and within national and international organizations. The National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958 was a tangible result of that national unification and accomplished one fundamental objective: it ensured that outer space would be a dependable, orderly place for benefi- cial pursuits.