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Proceedings of The PROCEEDINGS OF THE LANDBETWEEN THE LAKESNATIONAL RECREATION AREA PROCEEDINGS OF THE TENTH SYMPOSIUM THENATURAL HISTORY OF LOWERTENNESSEE AND CUMBERLANDRIVER VALLEYS BRANDONSPRING GROUP CAMP LAND BETWEENTHE LAKES MARCH 2 1 AND 22,2003 SPONSOREDBY AUSTINPEAY STATE UNIVERSI~ THECENTER OF EXCELLENCE FOR FIELDBIOLOGY AND MURRAYSTATE UNIVERSITY CENTERFOR RESERVOIR RESEARCH AND U. S. DEPARTMENTOF AGRICULTURE, FOREST SERVICE LAND BETWEENTHE LAKES NATIONAL RECREATION AREA Austin Peay State University - A Tennessee Board of Regents Institution -is an equal opportunit>.employer committed to the education of a non-racially identifiable student body. AP- 043/08-03/200 PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10th SYMPOSIUM ON THE NATURAL HISTORY OF LOWER TENNESSEE AND CUMBERLAND RIVER VALLEYS HELDAT BRANDONSPRING GROUP CAMP LAND BETWEENTHE LAKES MARCH 2 1 AND 22,2003 Sponsored by: The Center of Excellence for Field Biology Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, Tenn. and The Center for Reservoir Research Murray State University, Murray, Ky. and U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Land Between The Lakes National Recreation Area Golden Pond, Ky. EDITED BY: Laurina I. Lyle, Edward W. Chester and A. Floyd Scott The Center of Excellence Field Biology Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, Tenn. 37044 Published by and available from: The Center of Excellence for Field Biology, Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, Tenn. 37044 Price: $5.00 SUGGESTED CITATION II Lyle, L.I., E. W. Chester, and A. F. Scott. 2003. Proceedings of the lothSymposium on the Natural History of Lower Tennessee and Cumberland River Valleys. The Center of Excellence for Field Biology, Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, Tenn. Published September 2003 PREFACE The lod' Symposium on the Natural History of Lower Tennessee and Cumberland River Valleys was held at Brandon Spring Group Camp in TVA's Land Between The Lakes on March 2 1 and 22, 2003. This biennial gathering of naturalists, field biologists, educators and others interested in related topics was sponsored by The Center of Excellence for Field Biology at Austin Peay State University, the Center for Reservoir Research at Murray State University and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Forest Service, Land Between The Lakes National Recreation Area. The symposium began Friday afternoon with brief welcoming comments from representatives of the three sponsoring institutions. Representing Austin Peay State University and The Center of Excellence for Field Bioloa were its co-directors, Dr. Mack Finley and Dr. Steven Hamilton. Dr. David White, director of the Hancock Biological Station, spoke on behalf of Dr. Gary Bogess, dean of the College of Arts and Sciences at Murray State University. Bany Haley, manager of business performance, represented the USDA Forest Service Area Supervisor William Lisowski. Three invited presentations related to the symposium theme "A Sustainable Future Through Research and Education" followed. The topic of sustainability was approached from three different disciplinary directions: environmental education, scientific and literary. Hamilton moderated the presentations. The first speaker, Dr. Nicholas Smith-Sebasto, associate director of the New Jersey School of Conservation, Montclair State University, presented, "Environmental Education and Research 'Needs?' for a Sustainable Future." He addressed the educational intricacies and issues complicating solutions towards deriving a sustainable future. Dr. James Karr, University of Washington, followed with "Protection Ecological Health: Challenge for the 2 1" Century." Known both nationally and internationally for the advancements he has made to aquatic systems assessment, Karr, using a power point presentation, urged scientists and citizens to find better ways to measure environmental health. The invited speakers afternoon session ended with Dr. John Tallmadge, the Union Institute and University. Tallmadge is a professor of environmental studies and nature writer whose work appears frequently in nature maga~inessuch as Orion Magazine. His presentation was an excerpt from a book in 1 progress, The Cincinnati Arch. Written reports of all three presentations are included in these proceedings. Friday evening speaker was Tom Butler, director of education and advocacy, wildlands project and editor of Wild Earth Journal. Butler presented, "Thinking About Sustainability in Facinorous Times." The primary focus of his presentation was to highlight the Wildlands Project's vision of wilderness recovery and protection in North America through large-scale wildlands conservation planning. Butler used a power point presentation to deliver his talk. He challenged the audience by providing several novel and alternative routes of conservation planning. The lively conversation that precipitated from Butler's presentation continued later in the evening during the informal social gathering. Contributed papers were read Saturday morning. Two sessions were held. Session I, "Botany" had 23 presentations and was moderated by Dr. Edward W. Chester. Session 11, "Aquatic Biology and Zoolop~,"with 17 talks, was moderated by Dr. A. Floyd Scott. Contributors were invited to publish an abstract, short communication or full paper in these proceedings. While most opted to publish an abstract, 11 full-length papers are presented in these proceedings, nine from Session I and two from Session II. The style and format of these proceedings follow that established in previous proceedings of these symposia. Laurina Lyle organized and edited the preface and the invited papers; Chester edited abstracts and papers from Session I; and Scott edited abstracts and papers in session 11. Lyle brought all these papers together into the final format. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The editors thank Elizabeth Murray for assistance in organizing and coordinating activities leading up to and throughout the symposium. We also recognize the participation of many APSU Center of Excellence for Field Biology undergraduate and graduate research assistants for their help before and during this biennial event. The help of these individuals and others who may have been unnamed was critical to the success of this symposium and completion of these proceedings. All complete manuscripts were reviewed fully. We appreciate the comments of all reviewers as this process enhances the quality of these proceedings. SYMPOSIUM REGISTRANTS Following, in alphabetical order, is a list of those individuals who registered at the 2003 symposium. Institutional affiliation (when available), city (of the person's institution or home), and state are also given. Christopher Adams, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Ky.; Devon Anderson, Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, Tenn.; Catherine Aubee, Murray State University, Murray, Ky.; Dana M. Ball, Tennessee Izaak Walton League, Knoxville, Tenn.; Mary Ball, Carson-Newman College, Johnson City, Tenn.; Rex Barber, Volunteer State Community College, Iehanon, Tenn.; Joe Barnes; GTx Inc., Memphis, Tenn.; Carol Baskin, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Ky.; Jerry Baskin, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Ky.; Claude Bailey; TDEC-DNH; Jane Bensor; Murray State University, Murray Ky.; Steve Bloemer; USFS; Charles Boehms; Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, Tenn.; Jessica Boynton, Murray State University, Murray, Ky.; Tim Brown, Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, Tenn.; Angelo P. Bufalino, Saint Louis University, St. Louise, Mo.; John Butler, Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, Tenn.; Tom Butler, Wildlands Project, Richmond, Vt.; Willodean Burton, Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, Tenn.; David Cano, Murray State University, Murray, Ky.; Edward Chester, Austin Peay State University, Clarksville , Tenn.; Zacchaeus Compson, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, Ky.; Terry Derting, Murray State University, Murray, Ky.; Hal DeSelm, LIT-Knoxville, Knoxville, Tenn.; Chris Eden, Murray State University, Ky.; Melissa Engleman, Murray State University, Murray, Ky.; Dwayne Estes, Middle Tennessee State University, Columbia, Tenn.; Forest Evans, TDEC-DWH, Joelton, Tenn.; Mack Finley, Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, Tenn.; Elizabeth Fitch, Middle Tennessee State University, Winchester, Tenn.; Kevin Fitch, ACS Conservation, Arnold AFB, Tenn.; Scott Franklin, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tenn.; Gary Gerald, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tenn.; Hannah Gillis, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn.; Stephanie Gunn, Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, Tenn.; Deborah Hamilton, Logan-Todd Regional Water Company, Guthrie, Ky.; Steven Hamilton, Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, Tenn.; Mark Hatfield, Murray State University, Murray, Ky.; Joel1 Hill, Murray State University, Murray, Ky.; Michael Hill, APSWSCC, Clarksville, Tenn.; Tem Hogan, NPS, Stones River National Battlefield, Murfreesboro, Tenn.; Kyle Hurt, Middle Tennessee State University,Tenn.; Robert Hoyt, Western Ky.; University, Bowling Green, Ky.; Justin Hunteman, Murray State University, Murray, Ky.; Rhonda Johnston, Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, Tenn.; Tim Johnston, Murray State University, Murray, Ky.; James Karr, University of Washington, Seattle, Wa.; Rob Kinsolver, Kentucky Wesleyan College, Owensboro, Ky.; George Kipphut, Murray State University, Murray, Ky; John Koons, Jackson State Community College, Jackson, Tenn.; Bornmanna Loganathan, Murray State University, Murray, Ky.; Joe Lambrix, Murray State University, Murray, Ky.; Leslie Latta,
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