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Understanding Volunteerism for Development in South

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Understanding Volunteerism for Development in South Understanding Volunteerism for Development in South-Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States: Lessons for Expansion T R O P E R Y R A M M U S The United Nations Volunteers (UNV) programme is the UN organization that contributes to peace and development through volunteerism worldwide. Volunteerism is a powerful means of engaging people in tackling development chal- lenges, and it can transform the pace and nature of development.Volunteerism benefits both society at large and the indi- vidualvolunteerbystrengtheningtrust, solidarityandreciprocityamongcitizens, andbypurposefullycreatingopportunities for participation. UNV contributes to peace and development by advocating for recognition of volunteers, working with partners to integrate volunteerism into development programming, and mobilizing an increasing number and diversity of volunteers, including experienced UNV volunteers, throughout the world. UNV embraces volunteerism as universal and in- clusive, and recognizes volunteerismin its diversity, as well as the valuesthat sustainit: free will, commitment, engagement and solidarity. The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) is the United Nations’global development network, advocating for change and connecting countries to knowledge, experience and resources that help people build a better life. UNDP is on the ground in 166 countries, working with national partners on their own solutions to global and national development challenges. The Bratislava Regional Centre (BRC) is a major hub for UNDP’s work in Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). A BRC team of in-house policy specialists, backed by an extensive roster of outside experts, provides user-dri- ven advisory services, access to knowledge, and technical support to 24 UNDP country offices in the region. The BRC team carries out its mission by flexibly integrating regional programming, advisory services, knowledge management, and ca- pacity-building. BRC also serves to connect the region to a global network of development experts, and forges new part- nerships so that the region’s countries may achieve their development goals. Copyright: © United NationsVolunteers and United Nations Development Programme - Bratislava Regional Centre, 2010 Project Coordinator: Zuzana Polackova Lead Expert: Steve Powell Author/Editor: Caroline Haddad Cover design and layout: Zuzana Chmelova Print:Valeur polygrafia, Slovak Republic ISBN: 978-92-95042-94-0 The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the United Nations, including UNV, UNDP or their Member States. FOREWORD With five years to go to the MDG target date of 2015, the prospect of falling short of many of the goals is quite real, but not inevitable. We can still reach the goals, if we reaffirm our commitment and pool all available resources. While it is clear to many that volunteerism can play a crucial role in realizing these goals, it is equally apparent that a more focused and systematic study of the contribution of volunteerism to peace and development is required to provide measurable evidence of this contribution. This study on the state of volunteerism in Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States aims to do just that, by addressing the key questions of how volunteerism can help achieve the MDGs in the region, what are some of the key challenges it encounters and how its impact can be enhanced. This publication, which is a summary of the main research study, is the first of its kind for the region, and provides new and powerful information on a unique history of volunteerism in this part of the world. By demonstrating the particular issues and nature of volunteerism in this vast region, it builds on the ever growing global knowledge in the field. In the context of the forthcoming ten-year anniversary of the International Year of Volunteers (IYV+10), UNV will publish a global State of the World Vol- unteerism Report in 2011 that will both inform on and advocate for the recognition of the role and contribution of volunteerism to peace and de- velopment. This regional study represents a major input to this global report, and pro- vides useful analysis, data and examples to foster the recognition of the pos- itive impact of volunteerism in the region, so as to fully realise its potential. I would like to take this opportunity to thank the UNDP Regional Centre in Bratislava for its cooperation and support, and Canada International Devel- opment Agency for its financial contribution to the conduct of this study. I would also like to invite you to read and benefit from the main study report which is published on UNDP Regional Centre Bratislava and UNV websites. Flavia Pansieri Executive Coordinator, United Nations Volunteers Bonn, August 2010 3 CONTENTS Introduction 6 Traditions of Volunteering 8 Pre-socialist practices 8 Socialism’s‘mixed’influence 10 Volunteerism during the transition 14 Current trends in Volunteerism 17 Assessing the numbers 17 Assessing the opportunities 24 Assessing volunteer policies 30 Bonding and Bridging 35 Volunteerism for the modern era 36 Dual framework for development 38 The Way Forward 43 About the Study… 46 References 47 Over the past decade, countries in South-Eastern Europe and the Common- wealth of Independent States (CIS) have overcome significant challenges to Omake progress in many areas of human development.1 As a whole, these countries - collectively referred to within these pages as ‘the Region’ – have decreased absolute poverty levels, increased primary school enrolments, and raised their gender parity rates. Yet, as in many parts of the world, the Region still sees mothers die in childbirth for the want of basic care. People with spe- cial needs face a life of exclusion from education, from employment, and from the rest of the community. Minorities such as Roma live in levels of poverty that should long ago have been confined to the history books. In some countries, industries continue to damage the environment almost unchecked; in others, women have little more freedom than they did cen- turies ago. Certainly, much work remains. The need for progress has become all the more urgent as 2015 approaches, when the Region – and the world - must assess its commitments to human development in achieving the Mil- lennium Development Goals (MDGs). Volunteerism2 can play a crucial role in realizing this progress by fostering n o human development. Clearly, it is very hard to precisely measure the contri- i s n a bution it makes to the eight numerical targets that are defined within the p x E MDGs (see box), and to decisively attribute any changes in these indicators r o f to the work of volunteers. However, the MDG framework, and the Millennium s n o s Declaration that underlies it, is about much more than the rise or fall of na- s e L : tional incomes and numerical targets. It is about creating an environment in s e t a which people can develop their full potential and lead productive, creative t S t n lives in accord with their needs and interests. Indeed, the human develop- e d n ment paradigm considers people as the real wealth of nations, where devel- e p e d opment is about expanding the choices people have to lead lives that they n I f value. Fundamental to enlarging these choices is building human capabilities o h t l a — the range of things that people can do or be in life. The most basic capa- e w n bilities for human development are to lead long and healthy lives, to be o m m o C e h t d Millennium Development Goals n a e The MDGs are eight broad development goals, with 20 more detailed targets. p o r Each target has between one and five numerical indicators for tracking progress. u E n In addition, countries localize the MDGs by expanding and fine tuning the as- r e t s sessment indicators based on local circumstances. a E - h 1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger t u o 2. Achieve universal primary education S n i 3. Promote gender equality and empower women t n e 4. Reduce child mortality m p o 5. Improve maternal health l e v 6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases e D r o 7. Ensure environmental sustainability f m 8. Develop a global partnership for development s i r e e t n u l o V g n 1. “In general, the standards of living that are covered by the UN MDGs have begun to improve in these regions i d n (CIS and South-East Europe) since the beginning of this decade, reversing the decline of the previous decade.” a t s r (UN Department of Information, 2008) e d 2. Defined as“an expression of people’s willingness and capacity to freely help others and improve their society.”(UNV, 2009) n U 6 knowledgeable, to have access to the resources needed for a decent stan- dard of living and to be able to participate in the life of the community. With- out these, many choices are simply not available, and many opportunities in life remain inaccessible. This booklet explores how volunteerism can make a positive impact in the Region and support progress towards achieving higher levels of human- cen- tred development. The information presented herein is based on findings from a ‘first-of-its-kind’ study on volunteerism in South-Eastern Europe and the CIS.3 Chief among those findings: an enormous potential exists in the Re- gion for achieving human-centred development and bettering people’s lives through volunteerism. Realizing this potential, however, requires an under- standing of how volunteerism currently functions throughout the Region, both in all its diverse manifestations as well as in its common, self-empow- ering feature as an activity that anyone can do.
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