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WEEKLY REPORT 26 March – 1 April 2021

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WEEKLY REPORT 26 March – 1 April 2021 WEEKLY REPORT 26 March – 1 April 2021 KEY DYNAMICS Government fuel and healthcare 2 Government fuel crisis intensifies ........................................................... 2 Government’s additional measures to combat COVID-19 ............ 3 ISIS destabilizes northeast ......................................................................................... 6 ISIS threats cause resignation of council members ........................... 6 SDF and IC search and arrest campaign in Al Hol camp .................. 6 Access and services in northern Syria ...................................................................... 7 Syrian government seeks commercial crossings in north ............... 7 The return of water provision in Azaz city ........................................... 9 Cover photo: SDF Raids in Al-Hol camp (Source: AFP/The National) MERCY CORPS HUMANITARIAN ACCESS WEEKLY REPORT, 26 March – 1 April 2021 1 Government fuel and healthcare Governorate fuel allocations significantly reduced Government fuel crisis intensifies The executive councils in several governorates announced the reduction of fuel allocations and Fuel scarcity has reached an all-time high in additional administrative measures to cope with Syrian government-held areas, causing gas the unprecedented scarcity of fuel. At the end of stations to close down, extensive queuing and March, the central fuel councils in Hama, shortages throughout the governorates. In As- Tartous, Dar’a and Damascus imposed a limit on Sweida, only five stations remain open to serve private vehicles of 20 liters per week on benzene the entire population, while in Rural Damascus, Additionally, fuel allocations in Hama and local sources report queues up to one kilometer Damascus were reduced for both petrol and long, with citizens waiting two to three days in diesel; Hama’s allocations went from 14 to 10 front of gas stations, some resorting to sleeping trucks for petrol and 14 to 6.5 for diesel and in their cars. In Damascus city, reports show that Damascus’ dropped from 48 to 41 trucks for cars are absent on the streets, even during rush petrol and 18 to 14 for diesel. Both governorates hour, although roads on which gas stations are are reportedly prioritizing diesel distribution for open are full with citizens queuing in cars. hospitals, bakeries and public transport vehicles to avoid disruptions to basic services. Figure 1: State supplied and black market price of benzene in Rural Damascus governorate MERCY CORPS HUMANITARIAN ACCESS WEEKLY REPORT, 26 March – 1 April 2021 2 Additionally in Tartous, the central fuel board Suez canal blockage cause of increased has introduced a license plate system to reduce fuel scarcity? overcrowding in petrol stations. This system On 27 March, the Ministry of Petroleum and requires vehicles whose license plate ends with Mineral Resources stated that the blocking of an odd number to fill-up on odd-numbered days the Suez Canal by the megaship Ever Given of the month with a similar arrangement applied “affected oil imports to Syria, causing significant for those with license plates ending with an even delays to the arrival of oil tankers carrying oil number. products to Syria.” While Syria-bound oil Fuel becoming increasingly shipments coming from Iran generally use the unaffordable Suez Canal, it is difficult to determine the itinerary and size of the shipment which the Due to the general decrease in fuel supplies, the ministry is referring to in addition to its potential price of benzene has increased by more than impact on alleviating the fuel crisis. 50% (to 4.500 SYP per liter) in a week in the black market in Rural Damascus (as shown in Figure 1). Regardless, despite the alleged delay, the causes of the fuel crisis remain chronic. With sanctions Besides the price increase on the black market, deterring potential sellers, low foreign currency the Syrian government also increased its state reserves preventing oil purchases, and part of supplied fuel prices on 15 March. The Ministry of the domestic oil supply tied up in other zones of Domestic Trade and Consumer Protection control, the Syrian government is still reliant on issued Decision 854 setting the price of several Iran's oil shipments. These oil shipments, fuel-related products (as shown in Table 1). however, are also constantly in danger of Table 1: Official price increase of fuel related disruption: Israel has reportedly targeted more products under Decision 854 than 12 Iranian oil shipments to Syria, with Iran lately hitting back by attacking an Israeli-owned Fuel type Old price New price Percentage container ship with a missile in the Arabian Sea (SYP per (SYP per increase liter) liter) on 25 March. While the arrival of the alleged oil shipment stuck in the Suez Canal may bring a Gas canister 2,700 3,850 30 % reprieve to Syria's ever-intensifying fuel crisis, it is unlikely to be resolved unless structural issues 95-Octane 1,200 2,000 40 % hindering supply are resolved. petrol Subsidized 475 750 37 % Syrian government takes benzene additional measures to combat COVID-19 Unsubsidized 650 1,300 50 % benzene On 27 March, the Ministerial Committee to Combat COVID-19, headed by Hussein Arnous, MERCY CORPS HUMANITARIAN ACCESS WEEKLY REPORT, 26 March – 1 April 2021 3 Syrian prime minister, took several new steps to hospitals in Rural Damascus are ready to move combat the virus's spread in government-held to Plan B if necessary. Nanous stated that Al areas. The Committee has decided to repurpose Qutayfah, Jirud, Az-Zabadani, Qatana, and At the Heart Surgery Hospital in Damascus and the Tall hospitals are at 60% capacity, adding that Police Hospital (if needed) to receive COVID-19 the COVID-19 quarantine wards and ICUs In the patients exclusively, and has instructed the following hospitals were added to maximize Ministry of Electricity to continue providing capacity: electricity to oxygen pumping stations in Hama and Aleppo governorates. The committee has Table 2: Additional beds added across Damascus and Rural Damascus also requested the Minister of Industry to increase production of disinfectants for Hospital Additional beds increased disinfection campaigns, and the Minister of Communications to increase Qutayfah 30 beds in the quarantine ward awareness campaigns. Qatana 5 beds in the quarantine ward and 16 in Ministry of Health expands COVID-19 the ICU capacity in Damascus and Rural Damascus At Tall 8 beds in the quarantine ward and 6 in the ICU On 29 March, the head of al-Nafis hospital in Damascus city, Dr. Nizar Ibrahim, stated that the Jirud 6 in the ICU hospital was at 56% capacity, with 33 beds out of 68 in the quarantine ward, and 15 out of 17 in the Az- 30 in the quarantine ward and 4 in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) now occupied. Ibrahim Zabadani ICU also stated that the hospital has a reserve oxygen tank that can fit up to 10 tons of liquid oxygen for Government continues to pursue patients in need of ventilators. The counterproductive policies announcements relating to capacity came with While health officials paint an optimistic picture the news that 35 to 40 patients displaying about the healthcare system’s readiness to COVID-19 symptoms have been visiting the welcome more COVID-19 patients, local sources hospital on a daily basis since the beginning of have described the situation in some areas as March. desperate, as many citizens are still unable to On the same day, head of the Damascus find a vacancy in government hospitals. Reports directorate of health, Dr. Yassine Nanous, stated show patients in al-Muwasat hospital in that all quarantine wards specialized to welcome Damascus city sleeping in the hospital’s garden COVID-19 patients have oxygen, the necessary due to absence of vacant rooms. Sources also medicine, and personal protective equipment for report that the huge cost of hospitalization has the medical staff, and that all government prompted people to choose to set up makeshift MERCY CORPS HUMANITARIAN ACCESS WEEKLY REPORT, 26 March – 1 April 2021 4 treatment rooms in their houses, which has told media sources, “the amount of oxygen we greatly increased the demand for oxygen and have is sufficient to last us for days until the oxygen tanks. company sends us another batch.” Dr. Jean Homsi, head of Elias al-Hrawi government Despite the need for oxygen in government-held hospital, also stated that “the situation is still the areas, Syrian president Bashar al-Assad directed same, we did not order a new batch….I think that the Ministry of Health on 24 March to grant we have enough oxygen to last us both today and neighboring Lebanon 75 tonnes of liquid oxygen. tomorrow.” This revelation has led many to Dr. Hassan al-Ghabash, Syrian health minister, perceive Assad’s directive as a public relations stated that the government “received a phone ploy to score political points at the expense of call from Lebanon’s minister of health asking the public health in Syria. Syrian government for help in providing oxygen for COVID-19 patients in ICUs in Lebanese After Damascus, Tartous governorate hospitals.” Ghabash acknowledged Syria’s suspends non-emergency medical difficult public health situation stating that the operations country is “going through difficulties and the On 24 March, Tartous health ministry suspended hospitals are full of patients” but added that non-emergency medical operations and directed “Syria is used to providing assistance” and that hospitals to increase hospital capacity and they are “ready to help.” readiness of their medical staff to treat
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