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Connecting with Listeners: How Radio Stations Are Reaching Beyond the Dial (And Their Competitors) to Connect with Their Audience
Rochester Institute of Technology RIT Scholar Works Theses 8-13-2015 (Re)Connecting With Listeners: How Radio Stations are Reaching Beyond the Dial (and Their Competitors) to Connect With Their Audience Alyxandra Sherwood Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.rit.edu/theses Recommended Citation Sherwood, Alyxandra, "(Re)Connecting With Listeners: How Radio Stations are Reaching Beyond the Dial (and Their Competitors) to Connect With Their Audience" (2015). Thesis. Rochester Institute of Technology. Accessed from This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by RIT Scholar Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses by an authorized administrator of RIT Scholar Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Running head: (RE)CONNECTING WITH LISTENERS 1 The Rochester Institute of Technology School of Communication College of Liberal Arts (Re)Connecting With Listeners: How Radio Stations are Reaching Beyond the Dial (and Their Competitors) to Connect With Their Audience by Alyxandra Sherwood A Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the Master of Science degree in Communication & Media Technologies Degree Awarded: August 13, 2015 (RE)CONNECTING WITH LISTENERS 2 The members of the Committee approve the thesis of Alyxandra Sherwood presented on August 13, 2015. ___________________________________ Patrick Scanlon, Ph.D. Professor of Communication and Director School of Communication ___________________________________ Rudy Pugliese, Ph.D. Professor of Communication School of Communication Thesis Advisor ___________________________________ Michael J. Saffran, M.S. Lecturer and Faculty Director for WGSU-FM (89.3) Department of Communication State University of New York at Geneseo Thesis Advisor ___________________________________ Grant Cos, Ph.D. Associate Professor of Communication Director, Communication & Media Technologies Graduate Degree Program School of Communication (RE)CONNECTING WITH LISTENERS 3 Dedication The author wishes to thank Dr. -
ETR 132 TECHNICAL August 1994 REPORT
ETSI ETR 132 TECHNICAL August 1994 REPORT Source: EBU/ETSI JTC Reference: DTR/JTC-00011 ICS: 33.060 Key words: Broadcasting, FM, radio, transmitter, VHF European Broadcasting Union Union Européenne de Radio-Télévision EBU UER Radio broadcasting systems; Code of practice for site engineering Very High Frequency (VHF), frequency modulated, sound broadcasting transmitters ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute ETSI Secretariat Postal address: F-06921 Sophia Antipolis CEDEX - FRANCE Office address: 650 Route des Lucioles - Sophia Antipolis - Valbonne - FRANCE X.400: c=fr, a=atlas, p=etsi, s=secretariat - Internet: [email protected] Tel.: +33 92 94 42 00 - Fax: +33 93 65 47 16 Copyright Notification: No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. © European Telecommunications Standards Institute 1994. All rights reserved. New presentation - see History box © European Broadcasting Union 1994. All rights reserved. Page 2 ETR 132: August 1994 Whilst every care has been taken in the preparation and publication of this document, errors in content, typographical or otherwise, may occur. If you have comments concerning its accuracy, please write to "ETSI Editing and Committee Support Dept." at the address shown on the title page. Page 3 ETR 132: August 1994 Contents Foreword .......................................................................................................................................................7 1 Scope -
A Strong Signal, Transmitting Traffic Information Via FM Subcarrier
A Strong Signal Transmitting Traffic Information Via FM Subcarrier The Challenge: A key element of AZTech's mission is to make up-to-the-minute traffic information available to virtually any traveler. In pursuit of this goal, AZTech set its sights on obtaining an FM subcarrier that could transmit a wide variety of traffic-related information to mobile wireless devices on a timely basis. A subcarrier is the portion of FM radio waves that aren't required to broadcast a radio station's audio signal. Although FM subcarriers make up a small proportion of the broadcast frequency, they represent a significant source of revenue for radio stations, as numerous pager companies rent the subcarriers to transmit their signals. For this reason, few stations offer their moneymaking subcarriers to other interested parties. "Originally, we went the conventional route and solicited open competitive bids from radio stations to provide the FM subcarrier transmission," said Pierre Pretorius, AZTech program manager. "A significant amount was budgeted for this purpose." Of the dozen or so local stations that were approached, not one submitted a bid. In fact three "no bids" were returned. "There wasn't a radio station in town that had a free subcarrier that they wanted to sell," said Marty Scott, AZTech system integration coordinator. The Solution: The complete lack of qualified radio stations willing to provide the FM subcarrier transmission placed a significant hurdle in AZTech's path. After nearly six months of seeking a solution, one knocked on AZTech's door. The FM station KBAQ, which is owned and operated by Mesa Community College, contacted AZTech to see if they were still searching for a subcarrier. -
Essentials of Radio Wave Propagation
This page intentionally left blank Essentials of Radio Wave Propagation If you need to maximise efficiency in wireless network planning an understanding of radio propagation issues is vital, and this quick reference guide is for you. Using real-world case studies, practical problems and minimum mathematics, the author explains simply and clearly how to predict signal strengths in a variety of situations. Fundamentals are explained in the context of their practical significance. Applications, including point-to-point radio links, broadcasting and earth–space communications, are thoroughly treated, and more sophisticated methods, which form the basis of software tools both for network planning and for spectrum management, are also described. For a rapid understanding of and insight into radio propagation, sufficient to enable you to undertake real-world engineering tasks, this concise book is an invaluable resource for network planners, hardware designers, spectrum managers, senior technical managers and policy makers who are either new to radio propagation or need a quick reference guide. christopher haslett is the Principal Propagation Adviser at Ofcom, the UK Communication Industries Regulator. As well as experience conducting and directing research projects, he has many years’ industrial radio-planning experience with Cable and Wireless plc., and as Director of Planning and Optimisation at Aircom International Ltd., where he directed the optimisa- tion of UMTS networks. He was also a Senior Lecturer at the University of Glamorgan. The Cambridge -
TX1 FM Broadcast Transmitter
TX1 FM Broadcast Transmitter Technical manual No part of this manual may be re-produced in any form without prior written permission from Broadcast Warehouse. The information and specifications contained in this document is subject to change at any time without notice. Copyright 2008 Broadcast Warehouse www.bwbroadcast.com WARNING This transmitter should never be operated without a suitable antenna or test dum- my load! Failure to observe this requirement may result in damage to the transmit- ter that is not covered by the warranty. IMPORTANT This transmitter has been shipped with the internal stereo generator enabled. The internal jumper J1 (MPX loop-through) is set to ON. If you intend to connect a MPX signal to the MPX input BNC connector you will need to move J1 (MPX loop-through) to the OFF position. Examples of configurations requiring setting J1 to OFF include: ● Routing the internal MPX signal through an external RDS encoder. ● Connecting an external audio processor or stereo generator to the transmitter. ● Connecting a re-broadcast or STL receiver to the transmitter. Consult the manual for further information on the transmitter’s jumpers and con- nections. CONTENTS 1. Introduction 1.1 TX FM Transmitter 1.2 Safety 1. Quick setups 1.4 Front And Rear Panels 1.5 Control And Monitor LCD 2. Installation And Setup 2.1 Frequency Setup 2.2 R.F. Power Setup 2. Alarms 2.4 RS22 Control & Monitoring 2.41 Windows remote control application 2.42 Terminal control of the transmitter 2.5 Modes Of Operation 2.51 A guide to the jumpers 2.52 Multiplex / Broadband Input 2.5 Stereo With Limiters 2.54 Stereo With Limiters Disabled 2.55 Mono From Two Channels 2.56 Mono From One Channel 2.6 Other Setup Considerations 3. -
Free Tv Australia Operational Practice Op–71
FREE TV AUSTRALIA OPERATIONAL PRACTICE OP–71 Recommended Settings of DVB-T Transmitter/Modulator’s Operating Parameters and Transport Stream SI for Use in Temporary Events or in TV distribution Systems Issue 1 December 2014 Page 1 of 14 1 SCOPE This Operational Practice provides advice and recommendations for the setting-up of commercial grade DVB-T transmitter/modulators for use in MATV distribution systems, or where permitted, a DVB-T terrestrial broadcast transmitter to be temporarily operated at low power at special events. Such units may include multiple program inputs, Standard and/or High Definition video MPEG-2 or MPEG-4 (H.264) encoding. The unit should also include a capacity to generate System Information signalling, multiplex (MUX) the various streams together and have a COFDM DVB-T modulator with an RF output. A simplified overview of the processes is included to give some understanding of the choices for setting modulation parameters and MPEG Transport Stream System Information so that an additional temporary transmission might operate compatibly in the presence of Australian free-to-air television signals and minimise RF interference or Service Information collisions with existing services. The digital formats and DVB-T transmission offers many operating choices. While such setup information is distributed in many standards documents, this Operational Practice aims to provide reasons for and best choice recommendations for use in Australian setups. At the rear of this document the reader will find the following summaries: Annex A – Summary of Recommended Settings. Annex B – Resulting bit-rate capacity for various modulator settings, Annex C – lists Australian RF Channel frequencies. -
![United States Patent [19] [11] Patent Number: 4,713,808 Gaskill Et Al](https://docslib.b-cdn.net/cover/9877/united-states-patent-19-11-patent-number-4-713-808-gaskill-et-al-689877.webp)
United States Patent [19] [11] Patent Number: 4,713,808 Gaskill Et Al
United States Patent [19] [11] Patent Number: 4,713,808 Gaskill et al. [45] Date of Patent: Dec. 15, 1987 [54] WATCH PAGER SYSTEM AND 4,569,598 2/1986 Jacobs ........ .. 368/47 COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL 4,641,304 2/1987 Raychaudhun .................... .. 370/93 [75] Inventors: Garold B. Gaskill, Portland; Daniel J. Primary Examiner-Donate W- Olms Pal-k; Robert G_ Ruuman, both of Assistant Examiner-Melvm Marcelo Beaverton; Donald T. Rose, Portland; Attorney, 1489f!’ 0' FirmfKlal'quisti Sparkmatli Joseph F. Stiley, III; Lewis w. , Campbell, Lelgh & Whmsron Barnum, both of Tigard, all of Greg; [57] ABSTRACT Don G. Hoff, Tiburon, Calif. _ . _ _ _ _ _ ' ‘ _ A wide area pagmg system 1s dlsclosed 1n wh1ch pagmg [73] Asslgnee: A 8‘ E Corporation’ San Franclsco’ messages input to the system in one local area can be Cahf' broadcast to a receiver in any other local area without [21] APPL No_; 302,344 necessarily broadcasting the message in all areas. A . local area clearinghouse in each area stores resident [22] F?ed' Nov‘ 27’ 1985 subscriber data including current location and receiver [51] Int. Cl.‘ .......................... .. H04J 3/24; H04] 3/26 serial number. This data is used to transfer messages [52] US. Cl. ................................ .. 370/94; 370/93 over a data network to the correct clearinghouse. The [58] Field of Search ........................... .. 370/94, 60, 93; system uses a TDM data protocol. The data is encoded 340/825-52 and transmitted at a very high rate (e.g., 19,000 band) in [561 References Cited short packets (256 bits/l3 milliseconds) via stereo FM sidebands. -
Relation of Radio Wave Propagation to Disturbances in Terrestrial Magnetism
RP76 RELATION OF RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION TO DIS- TURBANCES IN TERRESTRIAL MAGNETISM By Ivy Jane Wymore ABSTRACT This paper presents the results of a study of an apparent interrelationship between radio reception and changes in the earth's magnetism. The results show that for long-wave daylight reception over great distances (4,000 to 7,100 km) there is, in general, a variable but definite increase in the intensity of the received signal following the height of severe magnetic disturbance. This increase reaches its maximum in from one to two days and disappears in from four to five days. For moderate distances (250 to 459 km) there is an increase in the intensity of the received signal noticeable before as well as after the magnetic storm reaches a maximum. These changes in intensity cover periods from two to four days both before and after the magnetic storm reaches its height. In a paper presented before the Institute of Radio Engineers in May, 1925, Espenschied, Anderson, and Bailey * pointed out that at times of severe magnetic storms abnormal radio transmission was likely to occur, night field intensities being greatly reduced and day- light intensities slightly increased. These conclusions were based upon hourly observations (for one day a week) of low-frequency transmission (57 kc) across the Atlantic covering a period of about two years. From a more exhaustive analysis of this same material, with the addition of later observations, Anderson 2 in 1928 concludes: High daylight radio field strengths (at 57 kc) obtain during periods of marked magnetic activity. In most cases the magnetic disturbances precede the high values, but there is evidence of an abrupt rise to high values preceding the mag- netic disturbance and at times a gradual rise to high values independent of the magnetic activity. -
Cooperative Measurements of Radio Fading in 1925
S561 COOPERATIVE MEASUREMENTS OF RADIO FADING IN 1925 By J. H. Dellinger, C. B. Jolliffe, and T. Parkinson ABSTRACT At the beginning of 1925 the bureau invited a number of laboratories to participate in the beginning of a cooperative program of measurement. During the year the work was largely confined to measurements of fading at frequencies within the broadcast band. The general plan of the work was the arrangement of special transmissions in which a station transmitted continuously during a specified period while the observing laboratories made graphic records simul- taneously. The observing method was that of Pickard, described in his paper, *' Short-period variations in radio reception," published in the Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers, volume 12, page 119, 1924. Twenty-three laboratories engaged in this work. The series of measurements on fading were devoted to studies of fading effects during the sunset period, effects during the solar eclipse of January 24, the fading variations throughout a 24-hour day, and the effects of high transmitting power on fading. For these tests special transmissions were made by broad- casting stations WGY and KDKA. The results of 150 graphic fading records made by the cooperating observers established definitely a number of facts about fading that had been only sur- mised or guessed previously. In addition, a number of new facts about fading and other vagaries of radio waves were brought to light. Fading is at its worst about 60 to 125 miles from a broadcasting station; for greater distances it dimin- ishes, but then increases again with distance, and has repeated maxima and minima for greater distances. -
Dtv Implementation: a Case Study of Angola, Indiana
DTV IMPLEMENTATION: A CASE STUDY OF ANGOLA, INDIANA Andrew Curtis Black A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS August 2014 Committee: Sandra Faulkner, Advisor Victoria Ekstrand Jim Foust Thomas Mascaro © 2014 Andrew Curtis Black All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Sandra Faulkner, Advisor On June 12, 2011, the United States changed broadcast standards from analog to digital. This case study looked at Angola, Indiana, a rural community in Steuben County. The community saw a loss of television coverage after the transition. This study examined the literature that surrounded the digital television transition from the different stakeholders. Using as a framework law in action theory, the case study analyzed governmental documents, congressional hearings, and interviews with residents and broadcast professionals. It concluded that there was a lack of coverage, there is an underserved population, and there is a growing trend of consumers dropping cable and satellite service in the Angola area. iv Dedicated to Professor & Associate Dean Emeritus Arthur H. Black Dr. Jeffrey A. Black Coadyuvando El Presente, Formando El Porvenir v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First and foremost, I would like to thank my family. To my parents whose endless love and support have surrounded my life. They believed, pushed, and provided for my success and loved, cared, and understood in my failures. I would like to thank my wife, Elizabeth, for putting up with me. The crazy hours, the extra jobs, the kitchen-less heat-less apartment, and all the sacrifices made so that I could pursue a dream. -
Letter Circular 645: Methods of Using Standard Frequencies Broadcast by Radio
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS WASHINGTON Letter Circular LC-645 METHODS OF USING STANDARD FREQUENCIES BROADCAST BY RADIO March 194-1, 26 , JHD: ANK U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Letter 1-6 NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS Circular WASHINGTON LC-645 ( Suoersed.es ~LC-567) March 26, 194 METHODS OF USING STANDARD FREQUENCIES BROADCAST BY RADIO. The National Bureau of Standards broadcasts standard fre- quencies and related services by radio. The transmitting station from which these services were transmitted was de-» stroyed by fire November 6, 1940. A reduced service has been provided since then by temporary equipment in another build- ing. This will continue for some months. As rapidly as possible the Bureau will establish a new station to provide more fully than in the past standard frequencies capable of being received satisfactorily at all times throughout the country. These will be transmitted on mere adequate power, and several radio carrier frequencies will be used, in order to provide more certain coverage of all distances. The service is continuous at all times day and night, except for the possibility of breakdowns of the temporary apparatus used in the next few months. The broadcast carries the standard musical pitch and other features. During the next few months there will be only one radio carrier fre- quency viz, 5 megacycles (= 50 C 0 kilocycles = S 000 000 cycles) per second. The standard musical pitch carried by the broadcast is the frequency 44-0 cycles per second, corresponding to A above middle C, This is accepted as standard pitch by the musical profession and the American Standards Association. -
Licensed Devices General Technical Requirements
Licensed Devices General Technical Requirements (Detailed Update October 2005) Steven Dayhoff Federal Communications Commission Office of Engineering & Technology October, 2005 ¾TCB Workshop 1 Sessions for licensed devices intended to give an overview of FCC Processes & Rules, not to show limits for every type of device. The information covered is mainly related to equipment authorization of the transmitting equipment and not the licensing of the station. 1 Overview General Information How to find information at the FCC Creating a Grant Organizing a Report Licensed Device Checklist October, 2005 ¾TCB Workshop 2 This session will cover general information related to the FCC rules and technical requirements for licensed devices. Assumption is that everyone is familiar with testing equipment so test setup and equipment settings will not covered. The approval process for these types of equipment was previously called Type Acceptance or Notification. Now all methods of equipment approval are called Certification. This information generally applies to all Radio Service Rules for scopes B1 through B4. 2 General Information Understanding how FCC rules for licensed equipment are written and how FCC operates The FCC rules are Title 47 of the Code of Federal Regulations Part 2 of the FCC Rules covers general regulations & Filing procedures which apply to all other rule parts Technical standards for licensed equipment are found in the various radio service rule parts (e.g. Part 22, Part 24, Part 25, Part 80, and Part 90, etc.) All material covered in this training is either in these rules or based on these rules October, 2005 ¾TCB Workshop 3 There are about 15 different radio service rule Parts which require equipment to be authorized before an operators license can be obtained.