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Trade Studies Towards an Australian Indigenous Space Launch System
TRADE STUDIES TOWARDS AN AUSTRALIAN INDIGENOUS SPACE LAUNCH SYSTEM A thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Engineering by Gordon P. Briggs B.Sc. (Hons), M.Sc. (Astron) School of Engineering and Information Technology, University College, University of New South Wales, Australian Defence Force Academy January 2010 Abstract During the project Apollo moon landings of the mid 1970s the United States of America was the pre-eminent space faring nation followed closely by only the USSR. Since that time many other nations have realised the potential of spaceflight not only for immediate financial gain in areas such as communications and earth observation but also in the strategic areas of scientific discovery, industrial development and national prestige. Australia on the other hand has resolutely refused to participate by instituting its own space program. Successive Australian governments have preferred to obtain any required space hardware or services by purchasing off-the-shelf from foreign suppliers. This policy or attitude is a matter of frustration to those sections of the Australian technical community who believe that the nation should be participating in space technology. In particular the provision of an indigenous launch vehicle that would guarantee the nation independent access to the space frontier. It would therefore appear that any launch vehicle development in Australia will be left to non- government organisations to at least define the requirements for such a vehicle and to initiate development of long-lead items for such a project. It is therefore the aim of this thesis to attempt to define some of the requirements for a nascent Australian indigenous launch vehicle system. -
Chertok Front Matter
Chertok ch1 12/21/04 11:27 AM Page 1 Chapter 1 Introduction: A Debt to My Generation On 1 March 2002, I turned ninety. On that occasion, many people not only congratulated me and wished me health and prosperity, but also insisted that I continue my literary work on the history of rocket-space science and technology.1 I was eighty years old when I had the audacity to think that I possessed not only waning engineering capabilities, but also literary skills sufficient to tell about “the times and about myself.” I began to work in this field in the hope that Fate’s goodwill would allow my idea to be realized. Due to my literary inexperience, I assumed that memoirs on the establishment and development of aviation and, subsequently, rocket-space technology and the people who created it could be limited to a single book of no more than five hundred pages. However, it turns out that when one is producing a literary work aspiring to historical authenticity,one’s plans for the size and the deadlines fall through, just as rocket-space systems aspiring to the highest degree of reliability exceed their budgets and fail to meet their deadlines. And the expenses grow, proportional to the failure to meet deadlines and the increase in reliability. Instead of the original idea of a single book, my memoirs and musings took up four volumes, and together with the publishing house I spent six years instead of the planned two! Only the fact that the literary work was a success, which neither the publishing house nor I expected, validated it. -
Ballistic Missile Operations
Ballistic milestones MILE STONES missile Dr Carlo Kopp operations THE 1991 GULF WAR BROUGHT THE WORD ‘SCUD’ INTO THE EVERYDAY MEDIA AND THE PUBLIC LEXICON. Arguably, this is a sad reflection on our times, that in the public consciousness the sustained bombardment of Britain by A-4/V-2 ballistic missiles in the later months of World War II was all but forgotten. That the R11/8K11/SS-1 Scud is a direct linear descendent of the A-4/V-2 ballistic missile is another basic reality that has eluded those who define public perceptions of world developments. The technical aspects of the evolution of the A-4 missile, known by its propaganda name V-2, have been studied extensively and a vast amount of literature exists detailing this program, including some excellent W3 references. What has been studied much less is the operational side of A-4 and how this progenitor of today’s Inter-Continental, Intermediate Range and Tactical Ballistic Missiles set the pattern for the operational use of such weapons, a pattern which persists to this day. For better or for worse, many operational realities remain unchanged as long a basic technology remains unchanged. The principal designer of the A-4 was Dr Wernher von Braun of NASA fame, a patrician of Prussian aristocratic descent who pursued a career in rocket physics rather than the family tradition of politics. A recently restored example of the A-4 on the Meillerwagen TEL, both owned by the US Air Force museum. Splinter camouflage was typical for operational weapons, using a range of patterns and colours. -
Chertok Front Matter
Chertok ch26 12/21/04 11:36 AM Page 345 Chapter 26 The Institute Nordhausen In early 1946, with Ustinov’s support, General Gaydukov managed to reach an agreement in the Party Central Committee in Moscow and in the Soviet Military Administration in Berlin for a significant expansion of operations in Germany.This had not been easy to do. A considerable portion of the Party and state apparatus involved with policy in Germany had demanded that the work in occupied Germany to restore German technology be curtailed and all Soviet specialists be called back to the Soviet Union no later than January or February 1946. Gaydukov and Ustinov, as well as Artillery Marshall Yakovlev, who supported them, did not agree—they insisted on expanding operations. At the same time, the Institute RABE was becoming the foundation for a significantly more powerful organization. I should mention that the aircraft industry,using the Institute RABE as a model, had gathered German aircraft specialists in the Soviet occupation zone for work in Dessau, using the facilities of the Junkers factories. Only the atomic experts immediately brought Professor Manfred von Ardenne and a small group of specialists to the Soviet Union. (The British had captured the primary developers of the German atomic bomb, headed by Nobel laureate Wer ner Heisenberg.) The Institute RABE had a clearly pronounced emphasis in the field of elec- trical control systems because the institute management (Pilyugin and I from the Russian side and Rosenplänter and later Dr. Hermann and Gröttrup on the German side) consisted of specialists in electrical equipment and control. -
White -Sands; Missile Range,. V-2 'Socket ;Eacilities .Vicinity; Of
.White -Sands; Missile Range,. HAER No. NM-1B V-2 'Socket ;Eacilities .Vicinity; of WSMR Headquarters Area I3Gna Ana and Otero Counties 'A iv £ \'; MeW Mexico \^C PHOTOGRAPHS COPIES OF REDUCED DRAWINGS WRITTEN HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE DATA Historic American Engineering Record National Park Service Department of the Interior Washington, D.C. 20013-7127 * • HISTORIC AMERICAN ENGINEERING RECORD WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE V-2 ROCKET FACILITIES HAER No. NM-1B Location: White Sands Missile Range Dona Ana and Otero Counties, New Mexico UTM: Missile Assembly Building 1: 13.361600.3583300 Blockhouse, Launch Complex 33: 13.370400.3585500 100K Static Test Stand: 13.360850.3581200 500 K Static Test Stand: 13.361900.3580050 Quads: White Sands, Davies Tank (USGS 7.5 minute series) Date of Construction: 1945-1952 Present Owner and Occupant: U.S. Army Present Use: Part of rocket and missile testing range # Significaace: The development of the large liquid fueled rocket, which has profoundly affected events in the twentieth century, was initiated by the Germans in the 1930s and, after World War II, continued by the United States at White Sands Proving Ground (now White Sands Missile Range). In all, 67 V-2 rockets were assembled and tested at White Sands between 1946 and 1952, providing the U.S. invaluable experience in the assembly, pre-flight testing, handling, fueling, launching, and tracking of large missiles. In the late 1940s, several V-2s were combined with a smaller rocket, the WAC Corporal, to become the first large, multi-stage rockets to be launched in the Western Hemisphere. Additionally, scientific experiments conducted in conjunction with the V-2 program yielded significant information about the upper atmosphere and other areas of research, including the effects of space on mammals. -
[NASM.1999.0038] Peenemunde Interviews Project: Georg Von Tiesenhausen 1/22/1990
von Tiesenhausen, Georg. January 22, 1990. Interviewer: Michael Neufeld. Auspices: DSH. Length: 1.25 hrs.; 24 pp. Use restriction: Public. Von Tiesenhausen begins by discussing his birth in Latvia; his youth and education in Hamburg. Impact of movie 11 Frau im Mond 11 (1929) . Discusses his engineering education; his drafting into the Army; recalled from Luftwaffe signal corps; finishes education; assigned to Flakversuchsstelle; involvement with test stands; the submarine V-2 project (Pruefstand XII); floating Wasserfall test stand (Schwimmweste) and static testing of rockets in gimbal rings. US arsenal system compatible with Peenemunde system; advantages and disadvantages of German and American engineering education. Discusses air raid of August 1943; evacuation to Austria. Closes with discussion of political intervention on A-4; Army-Luftwaffe relations. TAPE 1, SIDE 1 1-2 Birth in Latvia, aristocratic heritage, youth and education in Hamburg 2-3 Impact of Fritz Lang's movie 11 Frau im Mond 11 (1929) 3-4 Engineering education and drafting into the Army, 1936-38; assignment to Peenemunde, 1943; no knowledge that rocket work actually being rlnne 4-5 Met von Braun and discovered that they were distantly related 5-7 Was in the Luftwaffe signal corps on the Eastern Front but recalled and finished engineering education; then assigned to the Flakversuchsstelle 7-8 Assigned to work in the test stand group; temporarily transferred to Austria after the Aug. 1943 air raid; Flakversuchsstelle people not separated 8 Although enlisted men often over -
Attacking the Mobile Ballistic Missile Threat in the Post–Cold War Environment New Rules to an Old Game
Attacking the Mobile Ballistic Missile Threat in the Post–Cold War Environment New Rules to an Old Game ROBERT W. STANLEY II, Major, USAF School of Advanced Air and Space Studies THESIS PRESENTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE SCHOOL OF ADVANCED AIR AND SPACE STUDIES MAXWELL AIR FORCE BASE, ALABAMA, FOR COMPLETION OF GRADUATION REQUIREMENTS, ACADEMIC YEAR 2002–2003. Air University Press Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama 36112–6615 May 2006 front.indd 1 7/17/06 2:15:36 PM This School of Advanced Air and Space Studies thesis and others in this series are available electronically at the Air University Research Web site http://research. maxwell.af.mil and the AU Press Web site http://aupress.maxwell.af.mil. Disclaimer Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are solely those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of Air University, the United States Air Force, the Department of Defense or any other US government agency. Cleared for public release: dis- tribution unlimited. ii front.indd 2 7/17/06 2:15:36 PM Contents Chapter Page DISCLAIMER . ii ABSTRACT . v ABOUT THE AUTHOR . vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . ix 1 INTRODUCTION . 1 2 THE EVOLUTION AND SPREAD OF MOBILE BALLISTIC MISSILES. 5 3 THE AMERICAN COLD WAR RESPONSE . 21 4 RESPONDING TO MOBILE BALLISTIC MISSILES IN THE POST–COLD WAR ENVIRONMENT. 37 5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS . 51 Illustrations Table 1 Selected World Ground-Mobile Missile Systems. 16 2 A Survey of Today’s Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance Platforms . 33 iii front.indd 3 7/17/06 2:15:36 PM front.indd 4 7/17/06 2:15:36 PM Abstract The threat to US national security from mobile ballistic missiles is at least as great today as at any time in history to include the heights of the Cold War. -
[NASM.1999.0038] Peenemunde Interviews Project: Gerhard Reisig
Gerhard Reisig Table of Contents June 27, 1985 Tape 1, Side 1 1-2 Family background 3-6 Early education 4 First interest in physics 5-6 Awar~ness of Oberth's ideas 7-9 Gymnasium eduction 7 Nikolai Schule 8 Natural science and math emphasis 9 Interest in physics or medicine 9 Selecting a university 10-16 University education (Dresden) 11 Specializing in engineering physics 11-12 Building radios 12 German educational system 13 Two semesters in Leipzig with Debye, Heisenberg and Hund 14-15 Thesis in acoustics under Barkhausen (1934) Tape 1, Side 2 15-16 Practical application of thesis 16 Winning a prize essay with the thesis 17-21 Siemens (1935-1937) 18 Laboratory for measuring-devices 19 First encounter with telemetry 20 Remote control of battleships for target practice 20 Aryan physics 21 Father looses job after Nazi regime in power 22-44 Peenemunde 22 Kummersdorf; chief of measuring-devices 23 Knowledge of Goddard's work 24 Setting up the measuring system for rocket power-plant tests 25 Shortage of manpower 25 Military connections at Peenemunde 26 Paper by G. Reisig "Entwicklung der Apollo-Rockete Saturn V" 27-28 Launch site at Greifswalder Oie 28 Atmosphere at Peenemunde, von Braun 29-30 Knowledge of the development of a military capability at Peenemunde 30 Altvater .. -2- Tape 2, Side 1 31 After 1939; role in the A3 and AS 32 Parachute retrievals of the AS 33-34 Building the A4 35 Regener project 36 Criticism of von Braun by Dornberger 37-38 Meeting Regener (1942): going to Friedrichshafen with von Braun, Steinhoff, and Zanssen 39-40 -
Niemiecka Broń Dalekiego Zasięgu
Spis treści Podziękowania 9 Spis ilustracji 10 Wstęp 12 Rozdział 1. Niemiecka broń dalekiego zasięgu 13 Wstęp 13 V2 do początku 1943 roku 15 VI do początku 1943 roku 20 Rheinbóte, Posłaniec Renu 25 Hochdruckepumpe (HDP), pompa wysokociśnieniowa 26 Rozdział 2. Niemiecka sytuacja wojskowa a cztery typy broni, 1943-1945 28 Rozdział 3. Niemiecka bomba, 1939-1945 44 Wstęp 44 Taśmy z Farm Hali, Fritz Houtermans i profesor Blackett 56 Betatron, akcelerator cykliczny 71 Operacja Stadtilm 73 Materiały nuklearne, transport do Japonii, kody i ULTRA 77 Rozdział 4. Miejsca magazynowania, obsługi i stanowiska startowe VI, \2, Rheinbóte i HDP 92 Wstęp 92 Stanowiska VI 93 Stanowiska V2 i jej większych wersji rozwojowych 102 Rheinbóte 134 Hohdruckpumpe (HDP), pompa wysokociśnieniowa 138 Nowa organizacja i stanowiska 143 Rozdział 5. Predefin - oczy dla Watten i Wizernes 158 Rozdział 6. Przenoszenie broni ostatecznej 161 Podziękowania Zmodyfikowana V2 163 Zmodyfikowany VI 172 Rozdział 7. Japonia - nowy porządek na Pacyfiku 174 Rozdział 8. Japońska broń dalekiego zasięgu 177 Pragnę podziękować inżynierom oraz naukowcom z przemysłu lotnicze- Rozdział 9. Kompletowanie układanki 196 go, obronnego i nuklearnego, z którymi współpracowałem od lat i którzy Fragmenty niemieckie 196 bardzo mi pomagali i wspierali; byłym członkom RAF i zespołu interpre- Fragmenty japońskie 234 tacji zdjęć lotniczych (ACIU) za informacje o ofensywie przeciwko bro- Fragmenty końcowe 237 niom V; władzom francuskiej marynarki wojennej w Cherbourgu za po- Obraz jest pełny 258 moc w zbadaniu takich miejsc, jak Brecourt i Castel Vendon, oraz wielu francuskim obywatelom, którzy w latach czterdziestych mieszkali w rejo- Słownik 259 nie od Calais do Cherbourga, za gościnność i opowieści o wydarzeniach Załączniki 1. -
Aircraft Designed by Kurt Tank NEW in the Late 1930S and Widely Used During World War II
EARLY SUMMER 2018 BRINGING HISTORY TO LIFE CHECK OUT OUR SPECIAL DEALS - SEE PAGES GOOD WHILE SUPPLIES LAST! 60-61. Check Out Our Sci-Fi P. 47 Bring Your Model To Life With Vallejo Paint NEW P. 56 Set Sail With Ships FOCKE-WULF FW190A-8, P.3 P. 42 GREAT PRICES — LIMITED QUANTITIES! P.60 EAGLEQUEST 2018 P.35 See back cover for full details. Order Today at WWW.SQUADRON.COM or call 1-877-414-0434 Dear Friends, I hope you all had a wonderful Father’s Day. Here at Squadron we are regrouping from EagleQuest 27. Another successful event under our belt and a reassurance that our hobby is still going strong. Check out Squadron.com to see the incredible models entered this year. With all the accessories and weathering sets that are on the market today, modeling has reached a new height, where it is not only about the enjoyment of putting a plastic kit together but rather the achievement of being able to finish a competitive model. This flyer is full of great new products you won’t want to miss. One highlight is the new Squadron Signal book SS10206, the F-14 Tomcat by David Doyle on the back cover. This American, two seat, variable-sweep wing Fighter was mainly developed for the US Navy. During its 35-year life span, it underwent many configurations and served as the US. Navy primary maritime interceptor. The F-14 was made extremely popular in 1986 with the release of the movie “Top Gun”. In our TD Premium update sets, we have 6 new items available. -
Germany's V-2 Rocket
IconIc FIrepower Germany’s V-2 Rocket A Lethal First Step Into Space By Barrett tillman The German word was Vergeltungswaffe, which means “retribu- tion weapon” but is normally translated as “vengeance.” Ge- The V-2 re-entered nerically, the V program included a family of advanced con- the atmosphere well cepts beginning with the V-1 cruise missile. The “buzz bomb” above the speed of carried an 1,800 lb. warhead at around 400mph, but was sus- sound and struck with no warning. The Flying ceptible to defending fighters and anti-aircraft guns. (SeeFlight Heritage Collection's Journal, June 2015.) The V-2 was unlike anything that had ever V-2 was restored from flown—it arrived by surprise and was immune to any kind of components recovered defense. in the 1990s from an underground facility near Nordhausen, TBrilliant Minds Given Destructive Goals Germany. Labor for The V-2 program’s leaders were General Walter Dornberger this factory came from the Mittelbau-Dora and Dr. Wernher von Braun. Dornberger, an artilleryman cap- concentration camp. tured in WW I, saw the potential of rockets and pursued that (Photo by Heath Moffitt) goal from the early 1930s. Born in 1912, von Braun was fascinated with rocketry and astronomy from childhood. He became a civilian employee of the Army Ordnance Department in 1932, and his doctoral dissertation examined the prospects of liquid-fueled rockets. He began working with then-Captain Dornberger, forming a lifelong alliance. After some success with small rockets, plan- ning for the futuristic A-4 began in 1936. At Peenemunde on the Baltic coast, Germany’s rocket pro- gram took shape. -
Boris Chertok
chertok cover full 12/21/04 1:51 PM Page 1 Rockets and People Rockets and People Volume I and Much has been written in the West on the history Rockets of the Soviet space program but few Westerners have read direct first-hand accounts of the men and women who were behind the many Russian People accomplishments in exploring space.The memoirs of Academician Boris Chertok, translated from the original Russian, fills that gap. Chertok began his career as an electrician in 1930 at an aviation factory near Moscow.Twenty-seven years later, he became deputy to the founding figure of the Soviet space program, the mysterious “Chief Designer” Sergey Korolev. Chertok’s sixty-year-long career and the many successes and failures of the Soviet space program constitute the core of his memoirs, Rockets and People. In these writings, spread over four volumes,Academician Chertok not only describes and remembers, but also elicits and extracts profound insights from an epic story about a society’s quest to explore the cosmos. Volume I In Volume 1, Chertok describes his early years as an engineer and ends with the mission to Germany after the end of World War II when the Soviets BiEChtk captured Nazi missile technology and expertise. Volume 2 takes up the story with the development of the world’s first intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) and ends with the launch of Sputnik and the early Moon probes. In Volume 3, Chertok recol- lects the great successes of the Soviet space program in the 1960s including the launch of the world’s first space voyager Yuriy Gagarin as well as many events connected with the Cold War.