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Victor Or Villain? Wernher Von Braun and the Space Race
The Social Studies (2011) 102, 59–64 Copyright C Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ISSN: 0037-7996 print / 2152-405X online DOI: 10.1080/00377996.2010.484444 Victor or Villain? Wernher von Braun and the Space Race JASON L. O’BRIEN1 and CHRISTINE E. SEARS2 1Education Department, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama, USA 2History Department, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama, USA Set during the Cold War and space race, this historical role-play focuses on Wernher von Braun’s involvement in and culpability for the use of slave laborers to produce V-2 rockets for Nazi Germany. Students will grapple with two central questions. Should von Braun have been allowed to emigrate to the United States given his affiliation with the Nazis and use of slave laborers? Should the U.S. government and military have put Braun in powerful positions in NASA and military programs? This activity encourages students to hone their critical thinking skills as they consider and debate a complex, multi-layered historical scenario. Students also have opportunity to articulate persuasive arguments either for or against von Braun. Each character sketch includes basic information, but additional references are included for teachers and students who want a more in depth background. Keywords: role-play, Wernher von Braun, Space Race, active learning Victor or Villain? Wernher von Braun and the Space Role-Playing as an Instructional Strategy Race By engaging in historical role-plays, students can explore In 2009, the United States celebrated the fortieth anniver- different viewpoints regarding controversial topics (Clegg sary of the Apollo 11 crew’s landing on the moon. -
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SOCIETE ROYALE KONINKLIJKE MAATSCHAPPIJ s.s.b.l. Pionniers cr Ancicns dc I'Aviation v.z.w. Pionicrs en Anciens van de Luchtvaart sous le Haut Parronage de S.M. le Roi onder dc Hogc Bescherming van Z.M. de Koning P6riodique trimestriel - Driemaandelijke periodiek Seiziime ann& - Zestiende jaar N" 3r96 Nr 3/96 J ui llet-Ao0t-Septe m bre J u I i-A ugustus-Septembe r Victor Ortmans, DFC Capitaine-aviateu r Kapitein-vlieger a.s.b.l. LES VIEILLES TlGES DE BEGIQUE v.zw Sidge social-Maatschappelijke zetel D6pos6 au Bureau de poste Maison des Ailes I 150 Brucelles l5 rue Montoyer straat I . l000Bruxelles-Brussel Sivous changez d'adresse ou de num6ro de t6l6phone, n'oubliez pas de nous en aviser, Gommuniquez nous aussi vos 6v6nements familiaux importants en contactant de pr6f6rence le Secr6taire-g6n6ral ou tout autre membre du conseil d'administration. lndien u een adres-of teleloonwiiziging hebt, laat ons weten. DeeI ook aan de Secretaris-generaal at uW_belangriike familiale gebeurtenissen mee of aan ider lid van de beheerraad Composition du conseil d'administration Samenstelling van de raad van bestuur President / Voorzitter: Leon BRANDERS Vice-presidents / Vice-Voorzitters: Jacques DOME Jean KAMERS Secretaire-general / Secretaris-generaal: Robert FEUILLEN Tresorier / Schatbewaarder: Paul JOUREZ Secr6taire-adj oint / Adjunct-secretaris. Charles PEYRASSOL Administrateurs. Eric BOUZIN Georges de CONINCK Andre DILLIEN Pierre HALLET Hubert MOJET Norbert NIELS Jacques ROELAIID-I{ELMAN Gerard VERMANDER Attention ! Ailes) Nouveau code postal Pour notre siage social (Maison des l0OO Bruxelles au lieu de 1040 Aan dacht! Nieuw postnummer voor onze maatschappeliike zetel (Huis der Vleugels) l0O0 Brussel in Plaats van 1040 Le capitaine aviateur Vietor Ortmans, DFC Parrain de la promotion d'6lives-pilotes 88A Le capitaine aviateur Victor Ortmans est n6 d Londres le 17 avril 1915. -
PEENEMUENDE, NATIONAL SOCIALISM, and the V-2 MISSILE, 1924-1945 Michael
ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: ENGINEERING CONSENT: PEENEMUENDE, NATIONAL SOCIALISM, AND THE V-2 MISSILE, 1924-1945 Michael Brian Petersen, Doctor of Philosophy, 2005 Dissertation Directed By: Professor Jeffrey Herf Departmen t of History This dissertation is the story of the German scientists and engineers who developed, tested, and produced the V-2 missile, the world’s first liquid -fueled ballistic missile. It examines the social, political, and cultural roots of the prog ram in the Weimar Republic, the professional world of the Peenemünde missile base, and the results of the specialists’ decision to use concentration camp slave labor to produce the missile. Previous studies of this subject have been the domain of either of sensationalistic journalists or the unabashed admirers of the German missile pioneers. Only rarely have historians ventured into this area of inquiry, fruitfully examining the history of the German missile program from the top down while noting its admi nistrative battles and technical development. However, this work has been done at the expense of a detailed examination of the mid and lower -level employees who formed the backbone of the research and production effort. This work addresses that shortcomi ng by investigating the daily lives of these employees and the social, cultural, and political environment in which they existed. It focuses on the key questions of dedication, motivation, and criminality in the Nazi regime by asking “How did Nazi authori ties in charge of the missile program enlist the support of their employees in their effort?” “How did their work translate into political consent for the regime?” “How did these employees come to view slave labor as a viable option for completing their work?” This study is informed by traditions in European intellectual and social history while borrowing from different methods of sociology and anthropology. -
Trade Studies Towards an Australian Indigenous Space Launch System
TRADE STUDIES TOWARDS AN AUSTRALIAN INDIGENOUS SPACE LAUNCH SYSTEM A thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Engineering by Gordon P. Briggs B.Sc. (Hons), M.Sc. (Astron) School of Engineering and Information Technology, University College, University of New South Wales, Australian Defence Force Academy January 2010 Abstract During the project Apollo moon landings of the mid 1970s the United States of America was the pre-eminent space faring nation followed closely by only the USSR. Since that time many other nations have realised the potential of spaceflight not only for immediate financial gain in areas such as communications and earth observation but also in the strategic areas of scientific discovery, industrial development and national prestige. Australia on the other hand has resolutely refused to participate by instituting its own space program. Successive Australian governments have preferred to obtain any required space hardware or services by purchasing off-the-shelf from foreign suppliers. This policy or attitude is a matter of frustration to those sections of the Australian technical community who believe that the nation should be participating in space technology. In particular the provision of an indigenous launch vehicle that would guarantee the nation independent access to the space frontier. It would therefore appear that any launch vehicle development in Australia will be left to non- government organisations to at least define the requirements for such a vehicle and to initiate development of long-lead items for such a project. It is therefore the aim of this thesis to attempt to define some of the requirements for a nascent Australian indigenous launch vehicle system. -
Le V-2 Arme Stratégique
Le V-2 arme stratégique par Gérard Hartmann d’un obus propulsé capable de bombarder La société Verein für l’ennemi à plus de 200 kilomètres (tir balistique hors atmosphère). Mais les travaux Raumschiffahrt de recherche aux résultats douteux et lointains n’intéressaient pas les militaires qui voulaient Dès qu’on sort de notre atmosphère, des solutions immédiates pour se sortir de la l’espace est totalement noir (sans lumière), guerre. Cinq années plus tard, en 1922, Oberth propose de nouveau au ministère de la guerre irrespirable (sans air), désorienté (pesanteur allemand l’étude d’un missile de plus faible), irradié (traversé de particules bombardement à longue portée. Certains cosmiques), glacé (-70°C) et dangereux militaires, en particulier dans l’artillerie, (bombardé de météorites). Mais pourtant, comprennent le principe de la fusée qui l’homme rêve d’y voyager. Adeptes des voyages spatiaux, probablement à la suite de semble établi depuis 1920 par plusieurs la lecture du livre de Jules Verne « De le terre à théoriciens, René Lorin et Robert Esnault- Pelterie (voir plus loin) en France, Robert la Lune », plusieurs jeunes Allemands se Hutchings Goddard (1882-1945) aux Etats-Unis, réunissent dans un club à la tête duquel se Constantin Tsiolkovski (1857-1935) en Russie. trouve un professeur de gymnastique de 33 Mais il n’existe encore aucune réalisation ans, Hermann Oberth (1894-1989). Fondé le 5 pratique d’un obus autopropulsé, d’un moteur juillet 1927 à Standort von Breslau près de Berlin, ce club est une « société pour les fusée à réaction et encore moins d’un missile. -
THE RISE of the FOURTH REICH Escape the Disgrace of Deposition Or Capitulation—Choose Death.” He Or- Dered That Their Bodies Be Burned Immediately
T H E S EC R ET SO C I ET I E S T H AT TH RE AT EN TO TAK E OV ER AMER I C A JIM MARRS This book is dedicated to my father, my uncles, and all the Allied soldiers who sacrificed so willingly to serve their country in World War II. They deserve better. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 The Escape of Adolf Hitler 2 A Definition of Terms 5 Communism versus National Socialism 8 PART ONE THE HIDDEN HISTORY OF THE THIRD REICH 1. A New Reich Begins 19 2. The Strange Case of Rudolf Hess 36 3. Nazi Wonder Weapons 50 4. A Treasure Trove 92 5. The Writing on the Wall 106 PART TWO THE REICH CONSOLIDATES 6. The Ratlines 125 7. Project Paperclip and the Space Race 149 8. Nazi Mind Control 178 vi CONTENTS 9. Business as Usual 204 10. Kennedy and the Nazis 220 PART THREE THE REICH ASCENDANT 11. Rebuilding the Reich, American-Style 235 12. Guns, Drugs, and Eugenics 262 13. Religion 286 14. Education 296 15. Psychology and Public Control 321 16. Propaganda 343 EPILOGUE 361 SOURCES 377 INDEX 413 Acknowledgments About the Author Other Books by Jim Marrs Credits Cover Copyright About the Publisher INTRODUCTION ADOLF HIT LER’S THI R D REICH EN DED I N BER LI N ON APR I L 30, 1945. Thunder reverberated from a storm of Rus sian artillery that was bom- barding the ruined capital. The day before, along with the incoming shells, came particularly bad news for the fuehrer, who by this late date in World War II was confined to his underground bunker beneath the Reich chan- cellery. -
The German Rocket Jet and the Nuclear Programs of World War II Max Lutze Union College - Schenectady, NY
Union College Union | Digital Works Honors Theses Student Work 6-2016 The German Rocket Jet and the Nuclear Programs of World War II Max Lutze Union College - Schenectady, NY Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalworks.union.edu/theses Part of the European History Commons, German Language and Literature Commons, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine Commons, Military History Commons, and the Military, War, and Peace Commons Recommended Citation Lutze, Max, "The German Rocket Jet and the Nuclear Programs of World War II" (2016). Honors Theses. 179. https://digitalworks.union.edu/theses/179 This Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Work at Union | Digital Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of Union | Digital Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The German Rocket, Jet, and Nuclear Programs of World War II By Max Lutze * * * * * * * * * Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Honors in the Department of History UNION COLLEGE March, 2016 2 Abstract German military technology in World War II was among the best of the major warring powers and in many cases it was the groundwork for postwar innovations that permanently changed global warfare. Three of the most important projects undertaken, which were not only German initiatives and therefore perhaps among the most valuable programs for both the major Axis and Allied nations, include the rocket, jet, and nuclear programs. In Germany, each of these technologies was given different levels of attention and met with varying degrees of success in their development and application. -
German Documents Among the War Crimes Records of the Judge Advocate Division, Headquarters, United States Army, Europe
Publication Number: T-1021 Publication Title: German Documents Among the War Crimes Records of the Judge Advocate Division, Headquarters, United States Army, Europe Date Published: 1967 GERMAN DOCUMENTS AMONG THE WAR CRIMES RECORDS OF THE JUDGE ADVOCATE DIVISION, HEADQUARTERS, UNITED STATES ARMY, EUROPE Introduction Many German documents from the World War II period are contained in the war crimes case files of Headquarters, United States Army Europe (HQ USAREUR), Judge Advocate Division, dated 1945-58. These files contain transcripts of trial testimony, clemency petitions, affidavits, prosecution exhibits, photographs of concentration camps, etc., as well as original German documents used as evidence in the prosecution of the numerous war crimes cases, excluding the Nuremberg Trials, concerning atrocities in concentration camps, atrocities committed on Allied military personnel and Allied fliers who crash landed in Germany, and other crimes. Only the German documents predating May 8, 1945, have been included in this filming project. A data sheet describing the material in each folder microfilmed is included before the items filmed. The Judge Advocate Division file number has been used to identify each item wherever given. In other instances whatever identifying information is available, such as the case or exhibit number, has been given as the item number. Overall provenance for the records is HQ USAREUR. Judge Advocate Division, as all German documents in the files were made a permanent part of the records of that office; however, the original German provenance of the items filmed is given as the provenance on the data sheets. CONTENTS Roll Description 1 000-50-2, Vol. 1 [No Title] Correspondence, reports, memoranda, scientific theses, and other data exchanged among Dr. -
Nazi Secret Weapons and the Cold War Allied Legend
Nazi Secret Weapons and the Cold War Allied Legend http://myth.greyfalcon.us/sun.htm by Joseph P. Farrell GÖTTERDÄMMERUNG "A comprehensive February 1942 (German) Army Ordnance report on the German uranium enrichment program includes the statement that the critical mass of a nuclear weapon lay between 10 and 100 kilograms of either uranium 235 or element 94.... In fact the German estimate of critical mass of 10 to 100 kilograms was comparable to the contemporary Allied estimate of 2 to 100.... The German scientists working on uranium neither withheld their figure for critical mass because of moral scruples nor did they provide an inaccurate estimate as the result of gross scientific error." --Mark Walker, "Nazi Science: Myth, Truth, and the German Atomic Bomb" A Badly Written Finale "In southern Germany, meanwhile, the American Third and Seventh and the French First Armies had been driving steadily eastward into the so-called 'National Redoubt'.... The American Third Army drove on into Czechoslovakia and by May 6 had captured Pilsen and Karlsbad and was approaching Prague." --F. Lee Benns, "Europe Since 1914 In Its World Setting" (New York: F.S. Crofts and Co., 1946) On a night in October 1944, a German pilot and rocket expert by the same of Hans Zinsser was flying his Heinkel 111 twin-engine bomber in twilight over northern Germany, close to the Baltic coast in the province of Mecklenburg. He was flying at twilight to avoid the Allied fighter aircraft that at that time had all but undisputed mastery of the skies over Germany. Little did he know that what he saw that night would be locked in the vaults of the highest classification of the United States government for several decades after the war. -
Peenemuende.Pdf
MOEWIG Band Nr. 4341 Moewig Taschenbuchverlag Rastatt Copyright © by Bechtle Verlag, Esslingen/München Lizenzausgabe mit Genehmigung Umschlagfoto und Foto im Innenteil: Süddeutscher Verlag Umschlagentwurf und -gestaltung: Franz Wöllzenmüller, München Verkaufspreis inkl. gesetzt Mehrwertsteuer Auslieferung in Österreich: Pressegrossvertrieb Salzburg, Niederalm 300, A-5081 Anif Printed in Germany 1984 Druck und Bindung: Elsnerdruck GmbH, Berlin ISBN 3-8118-4341-9 Eingescannt mit OCR-Software ABBYY Fine Reader Feuerstellung «Heidekraut» ........................................................... 247 Allerlei Sonderentwicklungen ........................................................ 251 V 2 für den ersten Parteitag nach dem Kriege ................................ 259 «Arbeitsstab Dornberger» – zu spät! .............................................. 263 Götterdämmerung über Deutschland ............................................... 270 Geleitwort von Walter Dornberger zur 3. Auflage .......................... 281 Vorwort von Walter Dornberger zur 1. Auflage ............................. 284 6 Geleitwort Diese erweiterte Neuausgabe des Buches von Dr. Walter Dornberger «V2 – Der Schuss ins Weltall» – 3 Auflagen* dieses Standardwerkes der Zeitgeschichte waren rasch vergriffen – gewinnt im Rückblick auf die ungeahnte Entfaltung der Weltraumfahrt in den vergangenen drei Jahrzehnten mit ihren Ergebnissen, umfassenden Anregungen und Einflüssen auf fast alle technischen und wissenschaftlichen Bereiche ihre besondere Bedeutung. Steht doch an der -
Chertok Front Matter
Chertok ch1 12/21/04 11:27 AM Page 1 Chapter 1 Introduction: A Debt to My Generation On 1 March 2002, I turned ninety. On that occasion, many people not only congratulated me and wished me health and prosperity, but also insisted that I continue my literary work on the history of rocket-space science and technology.1 I was eighty years old when I had the audacity to think that I possessed not only waning engineering capabilities, but also literary skills sufficient to tell about “the times and about myself.” I began to work in this field in the hope that Fate’s goodwill would allow my idea to be realized. Due to my literary inexperience, I assumed that memoirs on the establishment and development of aviation and, subsequently, rocket-space technology and the people who created it could be limited to a single book of no more than five hundred pages. However, it turns out that when one is producing a literary work aspiring to historical authenticity,one’s plans for the size and the deadlines fall through, just as rocket-space systems aspiring to the highest degree of reliability exceed their budgets and fail to meet their deadlines. And the expenses grow, proportional to the failure to meet deadlines and the increase in reliability. Instead of the original idea of a single book, my memoirs and musings took up four volumes, and together with the publishing house I spent six years instead of the planned two! Only the fact that the literary work was a success, which neither the publishing house nor I expected, validated it. -
Ballistic Missile Operations
Ballistic milestones MILE STONES missile Dr Carlo Kopp operations THE 1991 GULF WAR BROUGHT THE WORD ‘SCUD’ INTO THE EVERYDAY MEDIA AND THE PUBLIC LEXICON. Arguably, this is a sad reflection on our times, that in the public consciousness the sustained bombardment of Britain by A-4/V-2 ballistic missiles in the later months of World War II was all but forgotten. That the R11/8K11/SS-1 Scud is a direct linear descendent of the A-4/V-2 ballistic missile is another basic reality that has eluded those who define public perceptions of world developments. The technical aspects of the evolution of the A-4 missile, known by its propaganda name V-2, have been studied extensively and a vast amount of literature exists detailing this program, including some excellent W3 references. What has been studied much less is the operational side of A-4 and how this progenitor of today’s Inter-Continental, Intermediate Range and Tactical Ballistic Missiles set the pattern for the operational use of such weapons, a pattern which persists to this day. For better or for worse, many operational realities remain unchanged as long a basic technology remains unchanged. The principal designer of the A-4 was Dr Wernher von Braun of NASA fame, a patrician of Prussian aristocratic descent who pursued a career in rocket physics rather than the family tradition of politics. A recently restored example of the A-4 on the Meillerwagen TEL, both owned by the US Air Force museum. Splinter camouflage was typical for operational weapons, using a range of patterns and colours.