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(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2007/014818.6 A1 Ketzis (43) Pub

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(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2007/014818.6 A1 Ketzis (43) Pub US 200701 481 86A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2007/014818.6 A1 Ketzis (43) Pub. Date: Jun. 28, 2007 (54) SIMAROUBA AMARA AND/OR (52) U.S. Cl. ........................................................ 424/195.11 MOMORDICA CHARANTIA EXTRACTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF COCCDIOSIS IN (57) ABSTRACT POULTRY Described is the use of a coccidiostatically effective amount (76) Inventor: Jennifer Ketzis, Ballina (IE) of Simarouba amara either alone or in combination with Momordica charantia for the manufacture of a medicament Correspondence Address: for the therapy of coccidiosis in poultry. Further described is NOVARTS a method for controlling coccidiosis in poultry based on the CORPORATE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY administering of said medicament. Described is also a ONE HEALTH PLAZA 104/3 poultry feed supplement or medicated poultry feed for the EAST HANOVER, NJ 07936-1080 (US) control of coccidiosis in poultry that comprises besides ground dry vegetable- and/or animal-based poultry feed, (21) Appl. No.: 10/586,419 with or without additives such as proteins, vitamins and minerals, and a coccidiostatically effective amount of Sima (22) PCT Filed: Feb. 2, 2005 rouba amara dried bark or an extract thereof either alone or in combination with Momordica charantia fruit extract. Also (86). PCT No.: PCT/EP05/O1041 described is the production of said medicament and to the use of said active ingredients as an additive to dry or wet S 371(c)(1), poultry food or drinking water for the prophylactic or (2), (4) Date: Jul. 19, 2006 curative treatment of coccidial infections in poultry. Another (30) Foreign Application Priority Data described embodiment relates to the management for pre venting the development of resistant Eimeria strains that Feb. 3, 2004 (EP)........................................ 04.002296.4 cause coccidiosis in poultry comprising rotation of the administration of a coccidiostatically effective amount of Publication Classification Simarouba amara dried bark or an extract thereof and of a coccidiostatically effective amount of Momordica charantia (51) Int. Cl. fruit extract together with one or more with one or more A 6LX 39/385 (2006.01) physiologically acceptable carriers. Patent Application Publication Jun. 28, 2007 US 2007/014818.6 A1 Fig. 1 10 9 8 Score 4. 7 SS Score 3.5 6 8. E. Score 3 &XXX I Score 2.5 5 - & SCOre 2 8x8 4. & Score 1.5 & Score 1 3 6 Score O.5 2 - 8.& O Score O 1 O UC IC Mom. Mom.mMom.h Sim. Sim.m Sim.h US 2007/O 14818.6 A1 Jun. 28, 2007 SMAROUBA AMARA AND/OR MOMORDICA form 2" generation schizonts and more merozites. Some CHARANTIA EXTRACTS FOR THE TREATMENT Eimeria spp. repeat the cycle to form 3" generation sch OF COCCDIOSIS IN POULTRY izonts. The trigger for Switching to sexual developmental 0001. This invention relates to the use of a coccidiostati stages is unknown. cally effective amount of Simarouba amara either alone or 0006. However, when triggered, macrogametes and in combination with Momordica charantia for the manufac microgametes are formed. Microgametes fertilize macroga ture of a medicament for the therapy of coccidiosis in metes leading to the formation of intracellular Zygotes. The poultry. It relates further to a method for controlling coc Zygote becomes an oocyst, destroying the host cell, and cidiosis in poultry based on the administering of said medi leaves the animal via the faeces. The unsporulated oocyst cament. This invention also embraces a poultry feed Supple sporulates upon exposure to warm and wet soil or litter, thus ment or medicated poultry feed for the control of coccidiosis becoming the infective life stage. The invasion and death of in poultry that comprises besides ground dry vegetable the epithelial cells leads to the disease of coccidiosis. and/or animal-based poultry feed, with or without additives 0007. The disease is manifested by hemorrhage, accumu Such as proteins, vitamins and minerals, and a coccidiostati lation of blood in the ceca, passage of blood in the drop cally effective amount of Simarouba amara dried bark or an pings, weakness and digestive disturbances. The disease extract thereof either alone or in combination with often terminates in the death of the animal, but the fowl Momordica charantia fruit extract. This invention relates which survive severe infections have had their market value also to the production of said medicament and to the use of substantially reduced as a result of the infection. Coccidiosis said active ingredients as an additive to dry or wet poultry is, therefore, a disease of great economic importance and food or drinking water for the prophylactic or curative extensive work has been done to find new and improved treatment of coccidial infections in poultry. Furthermore, the methods for controlling and treating coccidial infections in invention also relates to the management for preventing the poultry. development of resistant Eimeria strains that cause coccidi osis in poultry comprising rotation of the administration of 0008. In the poultry industry it is common practice to a coccidiostatically effective amount of Simarouba amara include anticoccidial agents in poultry feed for most of the dried bark or an extract thereof and of a coccidiostatically bird’s life to control or prevent coccidiosis outbreak. Current effective amount of Momordica charantia fruit extract control methods rely on the use of either coccidiostats together with one or more with one or more physiologically (amprolium, clopidol, halofuginone, lasalocid, monensin, acceptable carriers. nicarbazine, nitrofurazone, nitromide, sulfadimethoxine, Sulfaquinoxyline, Salinomycin, Zoalene) or vaccines. Live 0002 One of the most important diseases in poultry is virulent, live attenuated, and recombinant vaccines are being coccidiosis because it meanwhile is spread over all conti researched. While there are some vaccines on the market, nents and causes heavy economic losses to the poultry problems associated with these include, specificity of the industry. immune response, availability, the need to recycle the vac 0003 Coccidiosis causes severe pathology in the intes cine to ensure continued efficacy. Vaccines primarily play a tines and ceca of poultry. It affects mainly the upper, middle, role in breeding birds. and lower Small intestine, the rectum, the colon, and the ceca. Coccidiosis is caused by infections with protozoans 0009 Coccidiostats are typically added to the feed or (apicomplexa) of the genus Eimeria (called coccidia). The water at rates of 3 to 250 ppm for 3 to 6 days or longer. common problem causing species in poultry (chickens, However, treatment with coccidiostats has severe disadvan turkeys) are Eimeria acervulina, E. brunett, E. maxima, E. tages. mivati, E. necatrix, E. tenella, E. adenoeides, E. dispersa, E. 0010 For all coccidiostats, there is a withdrawal time gallopavonis, E. meleagridis, E. aythyae, and E. burceph before slaughter, and most are not permitted to be used in alae. The habitats of the Eimeria in avian, depends on the birds for egg production. This withdrawal time guarantees species of Eimeria and the poultry species. The coccidian that the meat that is foreseen for consumption does not can habitate the upper, middle, and lower Small intestine, the contain drug residues that might affect the health of the rectum, the colon, the kidneys, and the ceca. consumer. For each product with marketing approval the withdrawal time is defined by the authority in each country 0004. In context with the present invention the expression and must be indicated on the product label. The dosage, poultry is used for all sort of breeds of domesticated birds length of treatment time and withdrawal time should be independent of their age, comprising chickens, ducks, geese, followed exactly. Failure to do so may affect the drug fowl, pigeons, turkeys, and ostriches. Said expression is withdrawal time and lead to illegal drug residues. Increasing preferably used for chickens, ducks, geese, and turkeys, and dosage or treatment times may also result in unwanted or most preferably for chickens. harmful side effects, or even death, in the birds. 0005 Birds become infected usually by ingesting water, feed or bedding material contaminated with the infectious 0011 Products without withdrawal time have clear com stage, i.e. sporulated oocyst. In the gut, the oocyst wall is petitive advantage in the poultry market. mechanically and/or enzymatically broken. Sporocysts are 0012 Coccidiostats do not kill the pathogen, but interrupt set free and exposed to enzymes, which releases sporozites. the development of specific life stages, for example, by The sporozites move actively and enter epithelial cells, intervening with the production of a specific protein so that where they develop further. Intracellularly, the sporozite the pathogen cannot properly develop. With this interaction develops into a 1 generation schizont. In the schizont, on a specific point they decrease the adverse impacts of the 100s-1000s of merozites form. The host cell is destroyed and Eimeria on the intestine and ceca, giving the poultry’s the merozites are released to invade other epithelial cells and immune system time to build up and fight the infections. US 2007/O 14818.6 A1 Jun. 28, 2007 Coccidiostats are typically added to the feed or water at rates gain in poultry, and which are intended in particular for of 3 to 250 ppm for 3 to 6 days or longer. reducing the impact of Eimeria spp. infections in poultry. 0013 Coccidiostats fall under different chemical types 0020. Therefore, an important objective of the present (e.g., ionophores, antibiotics, and Sulfonamides). Dependent invention is to provide a means for preventing the develop on the chemical class and the exact compound, the mode of ment of resistant Eimeria strains that cause coccidiosis in action or life stage interrupted varies. For example, clopidol poultry comprising rotation of the administration of a coc acts against the sporozoite stage, allowing host cell penetra cidiostatically effective amount of Simarouba amara dried tion without development.
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