SEPTEMBER 29, 1972 25 CENTS VOLUME 36/NUMBER 35

r A SOCIALIST NEWSWEEKLY/PUBLISHED IN THE INTERESTS OF THE WORKING PEOPLE hnationwide lours

,Linda Jenness Andrew PUlley SEPT. 20- Socialist Workers Party presidential candidate Linda By DERRICK MORRISON Jenness launched her fall tour speaking to 225 students at the WASHINGTON, D. C., Sept 20-Andrew Pulley, Socialist Workers University of Indiana in Bloomington on Sept. 15. Jenness cen­ Party candidate for vice-president, began his national tour with tered her talk on the question "Is there a meaningful difference campaign speeches at Howard and George Washington universities between George McGovern and Richard Nixon?" and interviews with the news media in the D. C. area.. "Here are two candidates who say they have differences on Viet­ The theme of his talks has been the racist, anti-Arab campaign nam," she said, "but their differences are just tactical differences. . whipped up by the imperialist powers after the Munich incident. On the crucial, basic issues in Vietnam, they agree. Neither of At Howard University Pulley opened a Sept. 19 meeting with them supports the right of self-determination for Vietnam. Both Black students by pointing to Malcolm X's view that the struggle of them accept the right of the U.S. government to intervene with for Black liberation in the U. S. has to be international in its scope its armed forces anywhere in the world. and character. Pulley stated that the development of the Arab rev­ "Both of them," she went on, "are trying to get the antiwar move­ olution "has a direct bearing on the course of the struggle here. ment off the streets because they are afraid of the American (people "The imperialist powers," he said, "try to picture the Israeli state taking the question of Vietnam into their own hands." as virtually helpless against the Arab foe, when in reality Israel Neither Nixon nor McGovern supports the women's liberation is the chief guardian of imperialist interests in _the Middle East," struggle, she said. "Nixon's position can be summed up in one attempting to keep the Arab revolution at bay. He cited the recent quote: 'I wouldn't want to wake up next to a lady pipe fitter.' Israeli bombing of Lebanon and Syria as proof of this continued McGovern doesn't support the Abortion Rights Act, which says role. The scores of Arab villagers killed goes virtually unnoticed that abortion is a woman's right to choose, and he has nothing in the imperialist press. to say about 24-hour child-care centers. Nixon and McGovern, Pulley said, actually compete with each "Here are two men, each with a program that in no way corre­ other to become the most strident supporter of the Zionist settler sponds to what the American people need, want, or are thinking , state. "The fact that the same napalm manufactured in the U. S. about. Nixon is offering more of the same, and McGovern is prom­ is not only dropped by Israel on Arab freedom fighters but used Continued on page 3 Continued on poge 3

iS I ol terrorism-page4, 5 U.S. TROOPS IN THE PHILIPPINES: "Communist in­ GAY LIBERATION GROUPS ORGANIZE IN NEW ZEA­ surgency" is on the uJswing in the Philippines, reports LAND: Socialist Action, the newspaper of the Trotskyist a dispatch from Manila in the Sept. 18 Los Angeles Times. Socialist Action League in New Zealand, reports that ,, And, "although American officials here claim there is a group calling itself the Gay Liberation Front organized -·· no connection," the U.S. Army began sending 35-man a week of activities at Auckland University this June. special service teams to the Philippines two years ago. A Gay Liberation Front has also been set up in Christ­ THIS "Each year the number of U.S. personnel has in­ church. creased," says reporter Jack Foisie. "Now there is an WEEK'S almost continual presence of Green Berets, who stay for CREDIBILITY GAP GETTING WIDER: Arthur Miller, five or six weeks and then go back to their Okinawa a political scientist from Ohio State University, attempted MILITANT' base." The Army has not yet begun calling itself the to measure the degree of cynicism toward the U.S. gov­ Peace Corps, but its Green Berets sq·uads in the Philip­ ernment. In 1964, 20 percent of those polled did not 3 SWP candidates launch pines are known as "civic action teams." trust the government. By 1970 the figure had risen to fall tours 39 percent, with 56 percent of all Blacks distrusting the 4 Trotskyism and terrorism JAPANESE ANTIWAR ACTIONS CONTINUE: The U.S. gov~nment, compared to 35 percent among whites. Miller 5 Israel pushes deep into Army has been able to move armored personnel carriers told New York Post reporter H. D. S. Greenway that he and tanks from its military supply depot at Sagamihara found the rapid increase "somewhat alarming." Lebanon for the first time since early August, according to the Sept. 9 Militant sub drive off to 20 New York Times. STEP BACKWARD FOR LABOR FOR PEACE: The steer­ good start The Sagamihata base repairs armored vehicles for ser­ ing committee of Labor for Peace met in Chicago on 10 YSA leaders to tour vice in Vietnam, and antiwar demonstrators have held Aug. 21, only two months after the group was founded, repeated actions against such shipments. The latest one and voted to endorse George McGovern for president. 11 Black Gl on trial for 'frag­ The last trade-union antiwar group organized on a ging' charge on Sept. 19 drew 3,000 to 6,000 people. The city gov­ ernment in nearby Yokohama supported the demonstra­ national scale, the Labor Leadership Assembly for Peace 12 CP aided first Smith Act tions. (LLAP), endorsed Eugene McCarthy in 1968 and be­ frame-up came nothing more than a McCarthy campaign com­ 13 Lavelle case: who's kid­ mittee in the unions. After the election was· over, it was ding who? never heard from again. Hopefully, the Labor for Peace group will support and 14 Socialists fight for ballot build antiwar activities this fall and for as long as the right in D. C. war goes on, and not repeat the shameful performahce 16 1,000 at Mich. abortion ofthe LLAP. referendum rally SPIRITUAL LEADERS (1): Pope Paul VI hasn't yet 17 Philadelphia plan and seen fit to speak out against the slaughter conducted by struggle for jobs the U.S. in Indochina. But on Sept. 13 he did warn that 18 Guardian gives veiled "Behind the initiation to sensual pleasure (sex- D. F.); support to McGovern there loom narcotics." 19 Hanoi's bias for McGov­ The 75-year-old pontiff lamented the state of society, which he said was sliding downward over issues "that ern render it neither strong nor glorious- contraception, abor­ How U.S. profits from tion, adultery, divorce." apartheid 21 Commercial publishers stead, Social SPIRITUAL LEADERS (II): Lester Maddox, former gov­ abuse Trotsky's writings for the U;S. Senate in Illinois, marches in a picket ernor and now lieutenant governor of Georgia, is "one I in.e organized by the Committee for Democratic of the hottest speakers .these days on the U.S. funda­ 24 Atlanta strikers defy in­ mentalist circuit," according to the Aug. 21 issue of Time Election Laws in Cliicago on Sept. The picket junction 11. magazine. Maddox, who gained national prominence dur­ line was called in protest of the requirement that ing the civil rights campaigns of the 1960s when he used 2 In Brief candidates sign a loyalty oath in order to appear ax handles to keep Blacks away from his restaurant 6 In Our Opinion on the state ballot. in Atlanta, reports, "1 gave my life to the Lord in 1932." Letters THE SOCIALIST CAMPAIGN GETS AROUND: The 7 Great Society Sept. 2 issue of the San Juan Star, the English-language American Way of Life Scripps-Howard newspaper published in Puerto Rico, has The Militant Gets Around a full page devoted to the current debate on abortion 8 National Picket Line laws. The picture at the top of the page features a So­ Women in Revolt cialist Workers Party campaign banner. By Any Means Necessary RED-BAITERS LOSE AGAIN: Earlier this year a legal 15 '72 Socialist Campaign victory forced Pennsylvania to revise the restrictive pe­ 20 In Review titioning requirements imposed on smaller parties. On Sept. 19 a further victory was won when U.S. district WORLD OUTLOOK court Judge John Morgan Davis ordered the state to cer­ 1 Arrests in Pakistan tify the candidates of the Communist Party ( CP), thus ass~ring their appearance on the November ballot. 2 Political crisis brews in Unfortunately, the decision failed to rule the federal Chile Communist Control Act of 1954 unconstitutional. It was 4 Iranian regime condemns this act that the Pennsylvania attorney general attempted students to use to justify barring the CP from the ballot.

SOUR CREAM: "We get only the cream of the crop." Lester Maddox in Texas pulpit That's what psychologists at a firm called Government Personnel Consultants (GPC) in Oak Brook, Ill., say. INTERNMENT IN THE U.S.: On Sept. 15 U.S. Su­ GPC administers· psychological tests to prospective po­ preme Court Justice William 0. Douglas ordered that licemen and firemen who have already passed routine bail be set for five Irish-Americans in prison in Fort THE MILITANT written and oral tests and are about to be hired. Worth, Texas, who refused to testify before a U.S. grand However, the cream apparently leaves something to jury about their activities in support of the struggle in be desired. Of the 5, 000 applicants for police and fire VOLUME 36/ NUMBER 35 Ireland. · work interviewed in five years by the GPC, 10 to 15 SEPTEMBER 29, 1972 Douglas's decision followed significant public pressure percent have been outright criminals. in behalf of the Fort Worth Five. This included a rally CLOSING NEWS DATE-SEPT. 20, 1972 Of 400 candidates GPC recently rejected, 25 percent Editor: MARY-ALICE WATERS of 3,000 in the Bronx, N.Y.; organized by the Dallas Managing Editor: DOUG JENNESS were turned down for emotional immaturity, almost as Defense Committee in August, and protests by ,a number Business Manager: SHARON CABANISS many for general instability, nearly 20 percent as thrill of New York members of the House of Representatives. Southwest Bureau: HARRY RING seekers, and 9 percent for tendencies towards brutality. However, on Sept. 19, despite an appeal by nine U.S. GPC psychologists didn't discuss the implications of representatives from New York asking that the Fort Worth Published weekly by The Militant Publishing Ass'n., their findings concerning those already serving as po­ 14 Charles Lane, New York, N.Y. 10014. Phone: Edi­ Five be released on their own recognizance, U.S. District lice. But, according to the Aug. 28 issue of Time mag­ torial Office (212) 243-6392; Business Office (212) Judge Leo Brewster set bail at $100,000 for each of the 929-3486. azine, one cop in a Chicago suburb.~ seeking a trans­ five. · Southwest Bureau: 1107 1/2 N. Western Ave., Los fer, described how he would take suspects for "a drive In addition to setting bail at a figure obviously designed Angeles, Calif. 90029. Phone: (213)463-1917. in his unmarked car and demand a full confession. If Second-class postage paid at New York, N.Y. Sub­ to defeat the intent of the order, Brewster ordered that the the confession was. not forthcoming, he said, he would scription: Domestic, $5 a year; foreign, $8. By first­ men's passports be taken if they made bail. He also re­ class mail: domestic and Canada, $25; all other coun-, push the suspect out of the car and _report that he had stricted them to the area of his jurisdiction, thus prevent­ tries, $41. Air printed matter: domestic and Canada, tried to escape.:__ at 80 mph." ing them from rejoining their families or building sup­ $32; Latin Am-erica and Europe, $40; Africa, Australia, The cop admitted that on at least one occasion he had Asia (including USSR), $50. Write for sealed air postage port for their case in Irish-American communities around carried out his threat, but he managed to keep his old rates. the country. Signed articles by contributors do not necessarily job. -DAVE FRANKEL represent The Militant's views. These are expressed in editorials.

2 ... Socialist Workers candidates Indiana open fall speaking· tours students __ --)' 1r:r~:rt ,ldf$0CIAI.ISTS 1 ·raids ' ,; r:OR I By STEVE BEUMER BLOOMINGTON, Ind. -A demon­ stration held here Sept. 11 protested the recent Israeli attacks on Syria and Lebanon. The 60 demonstrators held a large banner reading, "Stop Israeli aggression in the Middle East - stop U.S. aggression in Indochina." The demonstrators marched through the Indiana University campus and ended the action with a statement con­ demning the Israeli aggression by the president of the Organization of Arab Students. Part of the statement, referring to the Munich incident, read, "The kill­ ings and resultant deaths in Munich Militant/Tom Vernier are regrettable and politically incor­ Jack Lieberman (I), SWP candidate for U.S. Congress from Florida's ~n~ C. D., ad.dresses meeting rect because they do not serve the cause of the Palestinian liberation. of young people in Miami during Democratic convention; (r) Young Soc1ahsts campa1gn among dem­ They cannot, however, be used as onstrators at Republican convention. a pretext for massive killing of Pales­ tinian and Arab peoples who had nothing to do with the Munich inci­ Pointing out that Israel is in league auguration speech, Jenness said, "there dent. Aggressors always use such tac­ with South Africa and Portugal, Pul­ would be an announcement of an or­ tics to justify their aggression." Jenness ley said this makes a mockery of the Continued from page l der to bring every ship, helicopter, Following the march a literature troop, and adviser home from Viet­ position of those Black Democrats ising a patch and a band-aid here or table sponsored by the Organization nam. who display an interest in the African there." of Arab Students was set up in the "I would announce that racism and revolution and yet back the state of At the conclusion of the two-hour lobby of the university library. Be­ racial discrimination was now illegal Israel. meeting, 15 people signed up to work ginning around 8 p.m., Zionist stu­ in the United States of America and An effective and consistent defense on the SWP campaign, and five ex­ dents started coming to the table until that those who practiced it would be of the ·African and Arab revolutions pressed an interest in joining the about 200 crowded around it, scream­ put in jail," Jenness continued. As requires that Black people break with Young Socialist Alliance. Both the In­ ing derogatory slogans and threat­ much money as the Black a~!d Chi­ the Democratic and Republican par­ diana Daily Student, the U of I stu­ ening violence. At this point the police cano communities needed, she said, ties, Pulley concluded. dent newspaper, and the Daily Herald­ were called in. They threatened to "would be allocated through their own The talk was followed by a lively Telephone, one of the local newspa- close the library for the rest of the councils and elected representatives for and sometimes sharp discussion on pers, ran front-page articles on Jen­ evening unless the people quieted them to transform the quality of life the relationship of Black nationalism ness's speech. down. in their communities," including a to socialism. The meeting was spon­ From Bloomington the socialist can­ An emergency meeting held in the crash program to build housing, sored by the Project Awareness lecture didate flew to Seattle to address the schools, and hospitals. library after this incident formed the series. Palestine Solidarity Coalition. The co­ Sept. 19 Washington Socialist Work­ Robin David, SWP candidate for On the night of Sept. 18, Pulley ers Party state nominating convention. alition, which consists of the Orga­ governor, also spoke at the rally and taped a 15-minute show in the studio Two hundred people, from Seattle, Ta­ accepted the convention's nominations nization of Arab Students, the Young of WHUR, the Howard University ra­ Socialist Alliance, and the Young coma, Spokane, Bellingham, and on behalf of the candidates. Anne dio station. The show was broadcast other cities participated in the conven­ Montague, who is running for secre­ Workers Liberation League, agreed throughout D. C. to challenge the Zionists to a public tion, the largest ever held by theW ash­ tary of state on the SWP ticket, urged Pulley spoke to about 50 people ington SWP. the audience to help get out the "yes" debate and to hold an educational at George Washington University Sept. ·meeting on the Middle East. ·washington's undemocratic election vote on the Equal Rights Amendment. 19. He also gave a telephone interview code requires that small parties hold Washington residents will vote on the to Diamondback, the student news­ conventions attended by at least 100 ERA in a referendum in November. paper at the University of Maryland, registered voters in order to achieve The fight against Washington, s dis­ and talked to a reporter from the criminatory filing fees was outlined Washington Afro-American. Three It pays to be by Gary Johnson, SWP candidate for United Press International reporters Campaign reporters superintendent of public instruction. did a half-hour interview with Pulley Johnson, who was ruled off the Sept. for "Washington Window," a show dis­ president The Militant is sending special 19 ballot for failing to pay the filing tributed to 400 radio stations. Those who have been worrying fee, has appealed his case to the State reporters with Socialist Work­ During Pulley's tour here, Herman about making ends meet can take Superior Court. ers Party candidates Linda Fagg, SWP candidate for D. C. non­ heart in the news that President Nix­ The Committee for Democratic Elec­ voting delegate, held a news con­ on hasn't been faring so badly the Jenness and Andrew Pulley tion Laws ( CoDEL) is supporting ference to announce the filing of 5,560 past four years. According to the Johnson's fight, which is part of a during the candidates' fall signatures to place his name on the financial statement he made public challenge by the SWP to the state's tours. Derrick Morrison is al­ November ballot. At the news confer­ Sept. 16, his net worth increased filing-fee law. If unsuccessful in its ence, held Sept. 20, Fagg told report­ $168,218 since he took office. ready on the campaign trail legal challenge, the SWP will be forced ers that he intended to make the issue His total assets are now $765,118. to pay $1,425 in filing fees to place its with Pulley, and Peggy Brun­ of home rule in the District, which is Although much of this is in cash, candidates on the ballot. more than 70 percent Black, "the cen­ savings certificates, and U. S. sav­ dy will ioin Jenness in Los The rally raised $1,390 in dona­ tral question in this election. ings bonds, the biggest portion is Angeles on Sept. 30. tions to the SWP campaign. "The citizens of the District should real estate. Even though Julie and While in Seattle, Jenness also spoke have the democratic right to elect all Tricia have grown up, married, and ballot status. The law stipulates that at the Gay Community Center and at officials," Fagg stated. "The form of moved away fr.om home, the White the only qualified delegates are per­ Federal Way High School. Seattle's self-government, however, is meaning­ House apparently isn't big enough_ sons who have not voted for candi­ two TV stations and two major news­ less without the vital element of who for his and Pat's needs. dates or on referendums in the state papers sent reporters to a news con­ in reality controls. The only way we He owns two homes in Key Bis­ primaries. At the SWP convention, 157 ference held by the socialist candidate can see to win control ... is to orga­ cayne, Fla., worth $252,800 and people signed up as delegates. on Sept. 19. nize the Black community in a massive a waterfront home in San Clemente, That evening 125 people came to and independent manner to bring Calif., that he bought for $340,000 a campaign rally ?..t which Jenness about full employment, decent hous­ shortly after his inauguration. In ad­ was the featured speaker. ing, and adequate medical services." dition he owns two vacant lots worth "If I were elected r resident," Jenness Pulley Fagg also said that the D. C. Social­ $112,600. told the audiem;e, "... there wouldn't Continued from page ist Workers Party would fight to win Although Vice-President Agnew be a person in the country who by Portugal in its war against African a place on the ballot for the SWP hasn't done as well, he hasn't done couldn't tell the difference between a freedom fighters in Guinea-Bissau, An­ presidential ticket. The D. C. board of badly either. His net worth -finan­ President Jenness and a President Nix­ gola, and Mozambique," Pulley stated, elections is trying to prevent the so­ cially that is-is $198,250, an in­ on or a President McGovern." "shows the concrete links between the cialist campaign from appearing on crease of $87, 166 during his term In the first paragraph of her in- African and Arab revolutions." the ballot (see story, page 14). in office.

THE MILITANT/SEPTEMBER 29, 1972 3 Trots mand Terrorism By CAROLINE LUND es of people, thus calling into question the need The Munich slayings of Israeli athletes and those As part of the ruling-class move to use the Munich for mass struggle. It is an elitist strategy, which of travelers at Tel Aviv's Lydda airport in May killings as a pretext to launch an attack against says that small groups of revolutionists can de­ were especially harmful to the cause of the op­ the entire left, Newsweek magazine has attempted cide what is best for the masses and act in their pressed because they suggested that all Israeli to link the Fourth International to the various name without their support or participation. citizens -or even anyone traveling to Israel- is acts of terrorism by small groups around the It is true that terrorist acts often meet with pop­ the enemy, rather than the Zionist ruling class. world. ular support and approval by the oppressed. Many This concept. makes it more difficult to win over the The Marxist movement-and the Fourth Inter­ Arabs, for example, saw the Munich slayings as Israeli working people to support of the rights of national, which is the continuator of the traditions a blow against their oppressors and an attempt the Palestinians. of Marxism- arose and developed as a current to draw public attention to their plight. Some ter­ in political opposition to the strategy of individual rorist acts by the Uruguayan Tupamaros (which terrorism. While agreeing with the goals of those they call "urban guerrilla warfare") have also terrorist groups who seek the elimination of op­ evoked popular sympathy. pression, Marxists feel that terrorist acts by small But the important question is not whether such groups are self-defeating and ineffective. acts are popular, but whether they contribute Marxism is founded on the confidence that the toward a strengthening of the self-confidence, con­ masses of people themselves will bring about the sciousness, and power of the independent move­ socialist revolution. As Marx wrote in the Comm u­ ments of the oppressed. nist Manzfesto, "All previous historical movements In Ireland, for example, many Catholics no were movements of minorities. . . . The proletarian doubt applaud when they hear of a bomb hitting movement is the self-conscious, independent move­ a symbol of their oppression. But in general the ment of the immense majority, in the interests of bombings have been counterproductive. While they the immense majority." may be popular among the Catholics, they are The strategy of individual terrorism has been not a strategy for mobilizing them in mass strug­ opposed by Marxists because it relies on action gle against their oppressors. by small groups rather than mass action, and Another deficiency of the strategy of terrorism is because terrorism actually hinders the process of that it. elevates military considerations over po­ the masses of people moving into action against litical considerations. Terrorists are preoccupied their oppressors. with attack plans, guns, or dynamite, rather than This has been the stand of all the great Marxist with participating in mass struggles, spreading leaders, from Marx and Engels to Lenin, Karl revolutionary ideas, and winning workers and Li,ebknecht, Rosa Luxemburg, and Leon Trotsky. students to the revolutionary party. The orientation toward promoting mass struggles The reality is that in a military confrontation against oppression rather than terrorist acts by with small, isolated groups, the ruling capitalist small groups runs through all the major pro­ class has all the advantages. It has the weapons, grammatic documents of the Communist Inter­ the bomqs, the intelligence services, the bugging national under Lenin, and of the Fourth Interna­ devices, etc. In such confrontations the small ter­ tional founded by Trotsky in 1938. rorist groups will always lose. In the first place, terrorist acts such as kidnap­ The only strength of those who are fighting pings or assassinations must necessarily be pre­ against oppression is, in the final analysis, their pared and executed by small groups working in potential mass support. As has been demonstrated secrecy. Such a strategy separates them from the in revolutionary situations in the past, when the masses and discounts the tremendous capacities revolutionary movement wins enough mass sup­ and power of the masses of people to fight for port, this can either neutralize the army or win their own freedom. much of it over to the revolution- thus taking the The effect of a terrorist strategy is to encourage major armed force out of the hands of the op­ passivity on the part of workers, peasants, or pressors. students by overestimating the role of dedicated For this reason a Marxist organization is pri­ individuals. Terrorism promotes the idea thatsmall marily a political organization. Its strategic aim vanguard groups can act as "saviors" of the mass- is to become a mass revolutionary socialist party. Troops occupy streets of Ottawa in October To this end, it attempts to project itself as the voice 1970 after FLQ kidnappings. Government used of, and fighter for, all those oppressed under cap­ terrorist act as pretext to bring repressive italism-encouraging and leading mass struggles, answering an.d challenging all the lies and political measures against entire workers movement. '1awsweek distorts subterfuges of the ruling class, exposing the cap­ italist class in the arena of elections, and in gen­ Because it creates this confusion over the source eral utilizing all means to explain to the masses Fourth lnternat'l views of violence, terrorism gives the ruling class the necessity of socialist revolution and to develop The following passage comes from an article en­ a handle with which to attack the entire left, as titled "The Terrorist International" printed in the the confidence of the oppressed in their own power they are presently doing in the wake of the Munich in united action. · Sept. 18 issue of Newsweek. incident. It gives the oppressors the opportunity Of course Marxists are under no illusions that to fill their press with denunciations of these small . . . the avant-garde in international terrorist or­ the ruling classes will give up their wealth and ganizations no longer cares much whether others acts of terrorism, while they proceed with impunity power to the majority of people peacefully, and to carry out such mass terror as the Vietnam war approve of its tactics. Its models are less likely they call on the mass-struggle organizations to to be Mao Tse-tung, with his emphasis on na­ and the bombing of Lebanon and Syria. prepare to defend th~ir rights against all forms A good example of how the rulers use terrorist tional guerrilla movements, than the figure of Leon of capitalist violence. But to be successful, armed Trotsky- the Russian revolutionary who sought acts as a pretext to hurt the entire left was the defense against attacks by the ruling class must case of the kidnappings by the Front de Liberation to spread Communism throughout the world. "His have mass support and participation. gigantic portrait, complete with fuzzy hair and du Quebec (FLQ) in October of 1970. In response, Terrorist actions by small groups actually hin­ the Trudeau government imposed the War Mea­ pince-nez," wrote British New Left specialist Peter der the process of winning over masses of people sures Act, abrogating all civil liberties for Quebec Paterson, "can dominate a hall full of British teen­ to struggle against their oppressors because such agers on a sunny Sunday afternoon like some citizens. acts tend to create confusion over who is the real political version of that sanctified teen-age star, The Quebec Trotskyist movement, the Ligue So­ source of antisocial violence and injustice in society. the late James Dean." Trotskyites see themselves cialiste Ouvriere, asked in a special issue of its On the one hand, terrorist acts suggest that it as the catalysts provoking governments into ever newspaper at the time: "What is the end result of is sufficient to eliminate individual representatives harsher repressive measures. This, they believe, the FLQ's actions and of its terrorist policy? ... will encourage Fascism and, in t{irn, produce more of the oppressor class rather than the entire system Far from embarrassing the government and forc­ radicaf fanatics and more cracks in established of capitalist oppression. ing it to draw back, the FLQ has strengthened society. On the other hand, such acts aid the capitalist Trudeau's hand. Have the FLQ's actions mobi­ According to some European specialists, the class in their attempt to lay the blame for antisocial lized and inspired the working class? No. founding of the Trotskyite Fourth International violence on the movements for social change, rather "The FLQ has substituted the isolated actions of in Brussels two years ago represented the most than on the capitalist state, where it belongs. The a small handful for the mass political action of ambitious current effort to set terrorism firmly weekly newspaper Rouge, published by the Com­ the working class, the only road for Quebec's into a multinational frame. Its leading theoretician, munist League, the French section of the Fourth liberation." Prof. Ernest Mandel of the University of Brussels, International, made this observation about the Because the terrorist strategy presents the ruling urges "active participation of our comrades in effect of the Munich killings: class with so many handles to use against its armed insurrections designed to destroy the es­ "The 'Black September' group fails to under­ opponents, the oppressors consciously try to pro­ tablished order, whether in Ireland or in Latin stand that ... no matter what the outcome of tliese voke revolutionary groups to acts of terrorism America." The Fourth International seems to have surprise attacks- whether or not the Israeli hos­ through their agents provocateurs implanted in especially close ties with Latin American terrorists tages are executed, as at Munich, or set free, as the movements of the oppressed. -and, in fact, was instrumental in convincing when the Sabena plane was taken- the ruling For all these reasons, the Marxist movement, the Latin leftists to switch from rural to urban clique in Israel holds the winning hand because and its continuator the Fourth International, has guerrilla warfare. Its philosophy dovetails nicely each time it can successfully present the attacks always opposed terrorism as detrimental to the with that of Brazil's Carlos Marighella, who first to the Israeli masses as one more proof that they working class struggle while condemning the inter­ expounded the principle that "the urban guerrilla's are a small martyred people beset by the most national capitalist class as the source of mass only reason for existence . . . is to shoot." criminal schemes." terror and violence against humanity. ~ ~

4 , Leon Trotsky on individual ,terrorism Newsweek took out a full-page ad on gamzmg the masses and educating tactic of terror. . .. sion in the ruling circles depends upon the back page of the Sept. 12 New them. Because the terrorist fight was a Isolated terroristic explosions are in­ the concrete political circumstances. In York Times, advertising its Sept. 18 very glorious page in our revolution­ evitable whenever political oppression any case this confusion can be only issue containing articles entitled ary history, with great sacrifices of the transgresses certain boundaries. Such of short duration. The capitalist state "Olympic Terror" and "Terrorist In­ best youth of our people, the Marx­ acts almost always have a symptom­ does not rest upon ministers and can­ ternational." ists made a terrible fight, ideological atic character. But politics that sanc­ nof be destroyed together with them. The ad reads in part: "European fight, against the ideology of terror­ tifies terror, raising it into a system­ The classes whom the state serves will experts are convinced, says Newsweek, ism, in order to turn the best elements that is a different thing. "Terrorist always find new men-the mechanism that Black September is no bunch of of the youth to the workers. In this work," I wrote in 1909, "in its very remains intact and continues to func­ loners, but rather a super-secret arm fight between Marxism and terrorism essence demands such a concentration tion. But much deeper is that confu­ of AI Fatah. As part of its cover story, it is the action of the masses versus of energy upon 'the supreme moment,' sion which the terrorist attempts in­ Newsweek explores th~ links between individual terror, the school which dif­ such an over-estimation of personal troduce into the ranks of the working the major- and minor- young rev­ ferentiated the strategy of individual heroism and, lastly, such a hermetical­ masses. If it is enough to arm oneself olutionary groups throughout the terror and the organized movement. ly concealed conspiracy as . . . ex­ with a revolver to reach the goal, then world, their motives and heros (would It penetrated our action, our psychol­ cludes completely any agitational and to what end are the endeavors of the you believe Leon Trotsky?), and the ogy and our literature for decades. organizational activity among the class struggle? If a pinch of powder civilized world's chances of stopping When I came in 1902 to London to masses. . . . Struggling against ter­ and a slug of lead are ample to shoot them in an age of instant communi­ the home of Lenin and met Lenin, rorism, the Marxian intelligentsia de­ the enemy through the neck, where is cations and jet travel." there was a movement in Russia be­ fended their right or their duty not to the need of a class organization? If What was Leon Trotsky's actual po­ ginning, a mass movement of the stu- · withdraw from the working-class dis­ there is any rhyme or reason in scar­ sition on terrorism? The following ex­ dents and workers, with the first sacri­ tricts for the sake of tunneling mines ing titled personages with the noise of cerpts from Trotsky's testimony before fices resulting from conflict in the underneath the Gran Ducal and an explosion, what need is there for the Dewey Commission of Inquiry in streets. Now, the first reaction of the Tsarist palaces." It is impossible to a party? What is the need of meetings, 1937 show that he and the Marxist youth was revenge, the assassination fool or outwit history. In the long run, mass agitation, elections, when it is of Ministers, and we told them: "Not movement as a whole are unalterably history puts everybody in his place. so easy to take aim at the Ministerial that is our revenge, not the assassina­ bench from the Parliamentary gallery? opposed to such tactics. tion of Ministers, but the assassination The basic property of terror as a Individual terrorism in our eyes is of Tsarism, the order of tyranny." ... system is to destroy that organization inadmissible precisely for the reason Our country [Russia] has the greatest Beginning with the 'eighties of the which by means of chemical com­ that it lowers the masses in their own experience in the matter of terror. I past century, two generations of Rus­ pounds seeks to compensate for its consciousness, reconciles them to im­ believe only the Irish people would sian Marxists in their personal expe­ own lack of political strength. . . . potence, and directs their glances and have a certain competition with us. rience lived through the era of terror, In 1911 terrorist moods arose hopes towards the great avenger and We had two great parties, the "Narod­ learned from its tragic lessons, and among certain groups of Austrian emancipator who will some day come naya Volya," "Will of the People" Par­ organically instilled in themselves a workers. Upon the request of Fried­ and accomplish his mission." [Empha­ ty, and the Social Revolutionaries, negative attitude toward the heroic ad­ rich Adler, editor of Der Kampf, the sis in original.] which based their tactics upon individ­ venturism of lone individuals. Plekha­ theoretical monthly of the Austrian ual terror. All Marxists in Russia be­ nov, the founder of Russian Marxism; Social Democracy, I wrote in Novem­ gan in the historic fight against in­ Lenin, the leader of Bolshevism; Mar­ ber, 1911, an article on terrorism for dividual terror. It was not a mystical tov, the most eminent representative this publication. -Leon Trotsky's testimony before or religious principle with the Marx­ of Menshevism; all dedicated thou­ the Dewey Commission of Inquiry, ists. It was a question of organizing sands of pages and hundreds of "Whether or not a terrorist attempt, The Case of Leon Trotsky, pp. 45, the soul against the monster, of or- speeches to the struggle against the even if 'successful,' introduces confu- 489-92. ' Israeli aggressors push deep into Lebanon By DAVE FRANKEL SEPT. 19 - Israeli military forces struck again at the Arab population surrounding Israel on Sept. 16, only eight days after massive air strikes on towns in Syria and Lebanon resulted in hundreds of Arab casualties. This time, three armored columns estimated to have about 50 tanks and 3,000 in­ fantry troops pushed 12 to 15 miles into Lebanese territory. The Israelis claimed to have de­ stroyed 150 houses and killed about 60 "terrorists" in the 16 villages they went through. However, these figures do not include the results of air strikes. Israeli planes attacked bridges, high­ ways, and 10 different Palestinian refugee camps. The Lebanese army accused the Is­ raelis of using napalm in addition to bombs and rockets. At the Nabatiye refugee camp, where the Israelis claim to have destroyed the headquarters of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), eight civilians and one com­ Der Spiegel Rouge mando were reported to be wounded. On left, Arab women peer out from the cell of an Israeli jail. At right are Arab prisoners lined up in Although Israeli military spokes­ the compound of a prison near Tel Aviv. men tried to justify the raid by refer­ ring to a Sept. 14 clash between an Israeli patrol and Palestinian guer­ rillas in which two Israeli soldiers man [Jordan]. I assume in Lebanon, army units supported by heavy field whatever the fate of individual mili- were killed, it is clear that this was a too, we are approaching this goal." artillery and tanks have begun to take tants and organizations. pretext, not a cause. Since the bomb­ The attacks by the Israeli regime up positions in what had previously have mainly victimized Lebanese ci­ been commando areas. It charged that ing of Lebanon and Syria on Sept. 8, Palestinians represent about one­ Israeli jets have flown daily recon­ vilians. This is part of its strategy to in some places Lebanese troops were besieging guerrillas, and in others they third of the population of Israel, naissance missions over both coun­ put pressure on the Lebanese govern­ were erecting barricades to prevent the counting the occupied territories, which tries, and further raids were expected ment to suppress the Palestinian guer­ Israeli officials have said they will rillas. Although the Lebanese army return of the fedayeen. by many. Although Lebanon's premier, Saeb keep. More than one million Pales­ Israeli officials, using the killings departed from its previous practice of tinians live in Syria, Jordan, and Leb­ standing by when Israeli troops in­ Salam, has denied that any ultimatum in Munich as an occasion to launch has been issued to the guerrillas, he anon. vaded its borders and fought the in­ a general offensive against the Pales­ has been meeting with Yasir Arafat, It is their condition as second-class vaders during this latest raid, there tinian resistance movement, have been the head of the PLO, and also of AI citizens within their own country or are indications that the Israeli strate­ quite open about their aims. Writing Fateh, the largest of the guerrilla as exiles, expelled by the Zionist col­ gists won't be disappointed. in the Sept. 18 Christian &ience Mon­ organizations. onizers, which gives rise to the resis­ itor, Francis Ofner quotes the Israeli Now that the Israelis have with­ Whatever the immediate outcome of tance movement. In this situation, the · army chief of staff, Major General drawn, the Lebanese army has turned the current Israeli campaign, one attempts of the Zionist rulers to ter­ David Elazar, as saying, "The totality against the guerrillas. A statement by thing is certain. The Israelis will never rorize the Palestinian people into sub­ of Israeli operations eventually led AI I<'ateh reported in the Sept. 19 New succeed in their aim of eliminating mission can only result in generating to the ejection of guerrillas from Am- York Times claimed that Lebanese the Palestinian resistance movement, further resistance.

THE MILITANT/SEPTEMBER 29, 1972 5 In Our Opinion Let ten

Munich (I) Calley and his superiors, the Czechs lnt'l witch-hunt In your Sept. 15 editorial you ac­ who were crushed by Soviet despo­ In the wake of the Munich killings, the United States govern­ curately pointed out the hypocrisy tism, and all the murdered blacks ment is spearheading an international witch-hunt campaign of media coverage of the Munich in America. I don't give a damn killings and the damaging effects of what rationale is used to excuse mur­ supposedly against "political terrorists," but in fact directed der; it's still murder and will never, against all supporters of liberation struggles around the world. the kidnappings on the struggle of the Palestinian people. never accomplish a decent thing. Secretary of State William Rogers convened a special con­ I was disturbed, however, by the G.H.L. ference with representatives of 50 nations in Washington, D. C., hasty manner in which you handled New York, N.Y. that met for two weeks to discuss proposals for common the Mexican events of 1968. First, measures against "terrorists." The imperialist powers are also you cited the fact that 5,000 troops attempting to use the United Nations General Assembly as and 300 tanks moved against a a forum and an organizing center for their offensive against Munich (Ill) mass, peaceful demonstration, mur­ I would like to write concerning the radicals. dering 50 demonstrators and wound­ recent murderous terrorism carried In West Germany leading Social Democrats, including Chan­ ing 1,000 -all this getting only mod­ out by a "far-out" anti-Semitic group cellor Willy Brandt, have called for expelling from Germany est press coverage. of Arabs (Palestinians) against the all Arabs "supporting and tolerating terror." The upper house Then, in conclusion you stated, Israeli Olympic team in Munich. of the West German parliament voted Sept. 13 to require "it is instructive to compare the ef­ First, the Olympics were no place visas for all Arabs coming into Germany. Arab student or­ fectiveness of the Mexican students' for any anti-Israeli act at all. Second, tactics in 1968 with the terrorist ganizations in Germany and other European countries have the act discredited, I'm sure, in the tactics of the guerrillas at Munich." eyes of the majority of the people issued statements protesting wide-scale police harassment of To readers who are not familiar Arab students. in the world, the Palestinian and with the Mexican events, your con­ Arab cause beyond hope of repair. The international witch-hunt by the imperialist powers is clusion may have been rather un­ Third, these terrorists were members not only aimed at terrorists but is designed to terrorize all clear. of a truly anti-Semitic group, foreign Arabs from supporting the Palestinian resistance struggle. What happened Oct. 2, 1968, in from the Palestinian movement itself. To do this, the media has attempted to lump together or­ Mexico City was a tragic culmina­ This act, as usual, will cause mas­ ganizations and individuals supporting the Palestinian strug­ tion to a protest movement that had sive retaliation on the part of the gle as "terrorists" and co-responsible for the Munich killings. been growing for months. Thou­ Israeli Zionist government against sands of people had been mobilized any Palestinian and any Arab, in­ It is clear that the capitalist rulers are attempting to extend around political and economic de­ this witch-hunt to non-Arab radical organizations as well. dividual and country, as it always mands. After the Oct. 2 tragedy, has. The Zionist government of the President Nixon, for example, has established two special hundreds of students and youth were State Department agencies to deal with "terrorism" in coop­ settler state of Israel has continually arrested, and the Mexican govern­ adopted the same attitude of the eration with the CIA, the FBI, and intelligence services of ment unleashed a campaign of vi­ U.S. Army and certain white Amer­ "friendly" foreign governments. cious political repression. However, ican settlers in the old western mi­ The government has so far refused to reveal the nature the Mexican people continued to gration. of the activities of these new agencies, but it can be assumed struggle. They built a massive na­ If an act against a white settler that their snooping and stepped-up planting of agents pro­ tional and international defense cam­ was committed by a Kiowa Indian, vocateurs will be directed against the entire radical move­ paign, which finally forced the Mex­ for example, retaliation in mass set ment. ican government to free those who in. Any and all Indians would do. were arrested. Another example of the attempt to use the Munich incident After all, they said, "The only good The events in Mexico surrounding as a pretext to move against all radicals was an article that Indian is a dead Indian." The Zion­ the massacre in October 1968 are ist government has adopted an iden­ appeared in the Sept. 18 issue of Newsweek. Entitled "The instructive as examples of how to Terrorist International," the story attempts to portray the tical attitude and reacts exactly like organize a mass movement. They the Nazis as well, who murdered so Fourth International, the revolutionary Marxist organiza- also show the effectiveness of a many Jewish people. In other words, . tion founded by Leon Trotsky, as a terrorist organization. massive defense campaign in forc­ genocide. In fact it calls the Fourth International "the most ambitious ing authorities to free political pris­ In closing, I say the small anti­ current effort to set terrorism firmly into a multinational oners. Semitic group of terrorists who car­ frame." I hope this brief account will help ried out this dastardly act in Munich In addition to blatant factual inaccuracies- such as saying clarify why the Mexican students' tac­ should be dealt with thoroughly and tics were recommended by The Mili­ the Fourth International was founded two years ago, when completely by the Palestinian libera­ tant over the tactics of the Munich actually it was founded in 1938 -the article deliberately mis­ tion movement itself. Stop giving the guerrillas. Zionists a chance to commit mass represents the views of the Fourth International. Marilyn J. Vogt For example, the Newsweek statement that Trotskyists en­ genocide against the innocents. Brooklyn, N. Y. Wayne Griggs courage fascism in order to "produce more radical fanatics" Neches, Texas is a complete lie, as would be apparent to anyone who had read any of the writings of Trotsky on fascism or any of the resolutions of the Fourth International. · Munich (II) The documents, history, and traditions of the Fourth Inter­ Until reading the Sept. 15 issue of Munich (IV) national also demonstrate that the Trotskyist movement is Th~ Militant, I had never so much I wish to express my appreciation opposed to the strategy of individual terrorism, as the Marxist as glanced at your newspaper. I for your perceptive and courageous movement has been from its inception. (See article on page 4 won't again. article on the Munich killings in the for an explanation of the Marxist view of terrorism.) Before I explain why, let me first Sept. 15 issue. tell you that I am and always have The hack job done by Newsweek employs the standard Q.T. been a committed radical, in total Philadelphia, Pa. witch-hunting method of the amalgam. It lumps the Fourth and bitte~ opposition to America's International together with such groups as the Baader-Meinhof death-dealing policies at home and group in Germany and the United Red Army Group in Japan abroad. But ideology aside, I am (members of which carried out the killings at Tel Aviv's first against all forms of murder Lydda airport last May). By associating other radical groups and tyranny, for any purpose, with those who have carried out terrorist acts, it attempts whether perpetrated by Jews, Arabs, Nixon best for U.S. rulers to lay the groundwork for repressive measures against the Russians, U.S. pilots, Nigerians, George Breitman's article leaves me entire' left. Chinese, et al. The alternatives I a little lost and at variance with his conclusion (that a McGovern victory In addition to denouncing such attempts to victimize all seek must have a humane base or they merely become oppressive sub­ would be better for the U. S. ruling radicals, or the entire Arab people, for such acts as the Mu­ stitutes for the old order. class). nich slayings, it is also necessary to denounce the hypoc­ My objection to your attitude on McGovern before the elections­ risy of the entire campaign against so-called terrorism. For the massacre. is not primarily a po­ when words, not deeds, are his ar­ who are the real terrorists? litical one: I am neither pro-Israel senal-is qualitatively different from The real terrorists are those in Washington who are re­ or pro-Arab (both warring camps McGovern in office. His capability sponsible for the deaths of some 100,000 people in South are tools of anti-Humanist powers). to talk about what he will do (which Vietnam alone since April. The real terrorists are the butcher Both sides have behaved in barbaric is to adopt a welfare state approach generals who rule in Latin America by holding hundreds fashion since the day Israel became domestically), and the effect that talk or even thousands of political prisoners and torturing many a state. has on radicalizing sectors of the to death- such as General Lanusse in Argentina, who was What disgusts me about your at­ population, may be quite different responsible for the cold-blooded murder of 16 political pris­ titude is that you fail to show an from what he can do when in of­ ounce of compassion for the young fice. oners at the Trelew airport. The real terrorists are the Zionist athletes who were senselessly killed. In the context of worsening social rulers of Israel who order the bombing and napalming of May I remind you that they were contradictions (worldwide overpro­ Arab civilians and defense.less villages as "reprisals." human beings, with the same right duction, struggle over markets, war, The capitalist and imperialist ruling classes have a long to exist as the Mexicans who died inflation, pollution, etc.), a return tradition of massive, legalized terrorism, including such mon­ in 1968, the Vietnamese who were to a welfare state approach may strous acts as the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It slaughtered by the twisted hate of not be possible. is they who constitute the real "terrorist international." 6 The Great Society Harry Ring

To the extent that McGovern in Hardly worth mentioning- That Gov't surplus- The city of St. Paul "I recognize the irony of the situa­ office could not resolve the rapidly atomic blast at Amchitka last No­ is removing 2. 5 million pounds of tion," he observed philosophically. He advancing social crisis through wel­ vember didn't set off a major earth­ "survival biscuits and 50,000 barrels said he hoped to use his post to con­ fare state measures, this would likely quake as many scientists feared, so of water stocked in city air raid shel­ tribute to the public interest and "to undermine the tenuous support he why the fuss, right? The Commerce ters during the past decade. The water considerably increase Island Creek's had initially received from the left­ Department now reports official scien­ drums are rusted and leaking, and profits." ward moving layers of the popula­ tific findings that the explosion pre­ the biscuits, stale and rancid. Some tion-which could (though not with­ cipitated 22 "relatively small" quakes of the biscuits will be compacted for Little Red Sty- We hear that Frank out bitter internal conflict within their over a three-month period. landfill and the rest will supplement Rizzo, Philadelphia's law 'n' order ranks) force the bourgeoisie back the diet of monkeys at the local zoo. mayor, is considering combining over to the strong-state approach ini­ school and police stations as an econ­ tiated by Nixon. Now hear this- Responding to the Nicotine-crazed- A New Yorker was omy measure. A welfare state approach relies con­ government ban on feeding cattle die­ stabbed in the chest when he rebuked juncturally on certain favorable con­ thylstilbestrol (DES), some cattle a passenger for smoking in the sub­ ditions of dynamism for capital (as growers will now simply implant pel­ way. An American car dealer- The Amer­ in the U. S. in the 1960s, the "Great lets of the cancer-causing agent in the ican Road, a Ford house-organ, re­ Society" days), or on a relatively favorable position for separate na­ animals' ears. If the feds object, the Conserving his resources- Former ports with quiet pride the quip of Ben Bidwell, a top company executive, . tions while the rest approach more growers are prepared to seek court Senator Albert Gore of Tennessee, who acute crises (as in the U. S. in the relief against such un-American restric­ enjoyed a reputation as a critic of about his own competitive sense: "I'll 1930s, the "New Deal" days), or tions. Besides, some experts contend, big business and its antienviron­ cheat my kids at cards if that's what it takes to win. Somebody once said, on the morrow of a situation where while the stuff adds about half a mental practices, accepted the chair­ pound a day to cattle, it's mostly manship of the Island Creek Coal 'Winning is not the most important strong-state measures are proving too volatile and destabilizing. only fat and water. Company, one of the world's largest. thing- it's the only thing!' I agree." The first two don't hold for today. Breitman's conclusions come out of the last case. But the capacity of the ruling class to maintain welfare statism after a strong-state approach The American Way of Life has failed will prove spurious if neither one of the first two condi­ tions holds. Welfare statism would Lee Smith then collapse, sooner or later, de­ pending on the progression of social contradictions, mass consciousness, and organization in the working Catch-22, Indian style class. This, I believe, would be Mc­ Govern's course. The Bridgeport Indian Colony is a group of 60 landless ate floor, Cranston explained the catch in the interior The maneuvering room for either Indians in Mono County, California. Although they are department's policy of not providing trust land for "un­ Nixon or McGovern is small and living on land continuously occupied by their people since recognized" tribes: before whites came to California, the 19 families are "land­ "Finally, I would like to speak to the question of Fed­ getting smaller. Neither can long rely on a welfare state approach. A less." eral 'recognition.' As I understand it, an Indian is recog­ McGovern victory would soon dis­ They are landless because in 1914, despite ·a law pro­ nized by the Federal Government as an Indian if he is pel any illusions in the radicalizing hibiting the granting of land patents on land occupied by a member of a tribe or band which has a Federal trust land base. To be recognized means eligibility for the spe­ sectors about reformism, depending Indians, the General Land Office issued a patent to a upon the vanguard's ability to in­ non-Indian for the land occupied by the Bridgeport In­ cial Federal Indian services of the Bureau of Indian M­ tervene. A Nixon victory, even while dians. fairs and the Indian Health Service. Recognizing the im­ alienating greater numbers of peo­ The Bridgeport Indians continued to occupy the same portance of this, I inquired about how a tribe or band ple, would still leave openings for land they always had. But in 1968 an heir of the grantee not now recognized gains the treasured status of Federal such illusions, since liberal reformists of the 1914 patent demanded that they vacate "his" land. recognition. How? By living on Federal trust land. And would be the "out power." More than half the 19 families in the Bridgeport Indian how does a group of landless Indians obtain a Federal The policy in either case, how­ Colony occupy dwellings with no running water; five trust land base? Only by being recognized. ever, as Breitman points out, is to homes have only wood-burning stoves for heat; only three "And so, Mr. President, we have come up against Catch propagandize around the fact that of the families have someone fully employed. 22, Indian style. As you may recall, Catch 22 in Joseph neither capitalist party can serve the Heller's well-known novel specified that a concern for interests of the vast majority of The plight of these 60 Indians is one that requires more one's own safety in the face of real and immediate dan­ Americans, and that only indepen­ than what has been proposed by California Democrat Alan gers was the process of a rational mind. Thus, Orr, who dent political expressions-parlia­ Cranston to the U. S. Senate. He is asking that the gov­ was crazy, could be grounded. All he had to do was mentary or extra parliamentary- are ernment grant the colony a federal trust land base. The ask. But as soon as he asked, he would no longer be the correct way out. 20 acres Cranston proposes be held in trust for the 19 crazy and would have to fly more missions. Thus, he The policies adopted by either Nix­ families is not the land they now occupy. It is unoccupied could never be grounded. on or McGovern, and the effects public land nearby. "The Bridgeport Indians are up against the same kind these will have on mass conscious­ Even this modest plan, however, involving no more than of absurd logic. The Department is saying to them that ness and mass organizations, and allotting 20 unused acres to people whose land was stolen they cannot have a trust land base because they are not consequently the policies themselves, from them in the first place, has run into opposition from now recognized, but they cannot be recognized until they will depend more on success in build­ the federal bureaucracy. In a Sept. 6 speech on the Sen- have a trust land base." ing such movements than on which capitalist party sits on the throne. Walt Snyder Albany, N. Y. The Militant Gets Around Nancy Cole New reader I was reading The Militant for the With schools just beginning to open, reports so far indi­ York, N.Y. 10014 for 35 cents. first time a couple of days ago [let­ cate that The Militant is getting onto campus this fall. • A suggestion for supporters who might have a few ter dated Sept. 15]. I am very much Seth Wigderson, Socialist Workers Party sales director hours free some Saturday: Take some sample Militants interested in socialism. I am a be­ in Atlanta, reports that 150 Militants were sold during around to your local bookstores and newsstands and ask ginner right now but what I have two days of registration at Georgia State University. Austin if they would be interested in receiving bundles regularly. read so far I find I can identify supporters sold over 100 copies of the Sept. 8 Militant Mter you get their initial agreement, the business office with. at the University of Texas campus, and more than 140 can handle the account, mailing them bundles each week I was reading the May 5 issue Militants were sold at Brooklyn College last week. and billing them. of The Militant and you had ad­ e At a recent McGovern campaign rally in Minneapolis, As it is, people who happen to read a single copy of vertised "The Prison Revolt'' in the supporters of the Linda Jenness and Andrew Pulley The Militant sometimes write for information about book­ May International Socialist Review. campaign sold 108 copies of "Everything you always store consignments. For example, this week we received I would like to order that issue. wanted to know about George McGovern" and 325 requests for bundles from a subscriber in Springfield, lll., A prisoner Militants. who is part of a co-op bookstore there, and from a radical New York e The speech by Bert Corona printed in The Militant collective in Allentown, Pa., which is opening up a store­ in two sections ("Why labor and La Raza should break front information center. The letters column is an open forum with the Republican and Democratic parties" and "The The cost for newsstand and bookstore consignments is for all viewpoints on subjects of gen­ 'illegal alien' scare") has been reprinted in a number of 12.5 cents each, and the mastheads of all unsold copies eral interest to our readers. Please Chicano papers including El Chicano published in San can be returned for full credit. The business office can keep your letters brief. Where neces­ Bernardino, Calif.; Columnas in Davenport, Iowa; and provide back issues to use as sample copies. sary they will be abridged. Please in­ La Raza Unida Party Newsletter in San Diego County, e Four more areas have ordered weekly bundles of The dicate if your name may be used or Calif. Militant- a bundle of 25 from Sarasota, Fla.; 25 from if you prefer that your initials be used This speech is now available in the pamphlet "Bert Pittsburgh, Pa.; 20 from Augusta, Maine; and 10 from instead. Corona Speaks" from Pathfinder Press, 410 West St., New Wilson, N.C.

THE MILITANT/SEPTEMBER 29, 1972 7 National Picket Line Frank Lovell A case of bad company The sequel to the unfinished Hoffa trip to Hanoi with Nixon's top aide, Henry Kissinger, at the sum­ About 60 years old, Taub seems to have pros­ is the unfinished business of hooking ex-Teamster mer White House in San Clemente, Calif. Gibbons pered. Now in Paris, he travels almost as freely President James Hoffa on a charge of associating was present at this meeting, and it was there that and frequently from country to country as Henry with criminal elements while on parole. Under the possibility of Hoffa bringing back U. S. war Kissinger. He wears good clothes, eats well, lives the circumstances, Hoffa's endorsement of Nixon's prisoners from Hanoi was discussed. in fashionable quarters, and visits all the right reelection bid may not be of much use to either of Following this meeting with Kissinger; Hoffa's people. He prefers to promote deals secretly, seek­ them. parole officer granted a 30-day leave to Hoffa ing only guarded publicity. Like Kissinger, he is The key figure in the conspiracy is William Taub, to make the trip to Paris and Hanoi. Deputy At­ thought by some to serve a useful purpose.· who represented Hoffa in negotiations with top gov­ torney General Ralph Erickson discussed the pro­ According to the New York Times, the U.S. ernment officials for the trip that never was. How posed trip and other matters with Taub. A U.S. Secret Service judged Taub "clever but harmless to Taub met Hoffa and was authorized to speak passport for Hoffa, with a visa to enter North the life of the president." Like many of his asso­ for him has not yet been revealed. However, some Vietnam, was issued. All this is in the record. ciates, Taub apparently has not been convicted of of Taub's activities prior to meeting Hoffa are any crime. being publicized. Also in the record is the fact that Secretary of Always a dabbler in politics, Taub reportedly Herbert Klein, Nixon's director of communica­ State William Rogers voided Hoffa's Hanoi visa at occupied a box adjacent to Eisenhower at the tions, admits that Taub was invited to the White 5:30 p.m., Sept. 7, just when Hoffa was preparing inaugural ball in Washington in 1956. There is House last winter to show a documentary film, to depart from New York to Paris. Subsequently no published record of his ever having made it "Mao's China." This was part of the White House Attorney General Richard Kleindienst charged that into the White House, however, until his visit there staffs briefing for Nixon's February trip to Peking. Taub sought a deal with the Justice Department this year. Once inside, Taub must have felt right According to telegrams produced by Harold Gib­ to change the conditions of Hoffa's parole. at home with all the other fixers who swarm bons, a vice-president of the Teamsters union and It is now revealed from Secret Service files and around the Nixon administration, some of whom a recent visitor to Hanoi, Taub met with Hanoi's other sources that Taub has been a confidence have achieved high positions in government. highest ranking diplomat, Le Due Tho, sometime in man since 1932. He is a hustler who has repre­ Just the same, this is no gang for a man in March or early April. He arranged for himself, Gib­ sented himself as the agent of Pope Paul VI's James Hoffa's present position to get mixed up bons, and Hoffa to go to Hanoi. Gibbons says fllm interests, and a promoter who has tried with­ with if he can help it. They are liable to make him the invitation was extended by Hoang Quoc, vice­ out authorization to sell property of others, in­ the fall guy, and a two-time loser suffers a loss president of the North Vietnamese trade unions. cluding Chaplin films and the MGM building in of prestige along with other more tangible assets After meeting with Hoffa in April, Taub then met Paris. and privileges. Women In Revolt Carol Lipman Union women fight for rights Contrary to the myth spread by bourgeois com­ as wage earners, and traditionally all-male occupa­ into them. If you really want something, orga­ mentators and even by some sectors of the rad­ tions are constantly being challenged-carpenters, nize to get it.' " ical movement, women's liberation does not just electricians, telephone installers. It was reported The Sept. 2 AFL-CIO News reported that the appeal to "middle-class women." As the new awak­ in the Sept. 9 New York Times that four women "Electrical, Radio and Machine Workers (IUE) ening of women has been rapidly expanding these are seeking jobs as miners in Cleveland, Va. flled sex discrimination charges against Westing­ past few years, the interest in fighting against the More than 450 women attended a recent con­ house Corporation, charging that the firm failed oppression of women is beginning to affect work­ ference on equal rights and opportunities for work­ to afford employes disabled by pregnancy the ing women and women within the organized trade­ ing women sponsored by the International United same disability benefits allowed to other workers. union movement. Auto Workers. An article in the September issue of In fact, working women and women of working­ the UAW newspaper, Solidarity, says, "The consen­ "The IUE represents nearly 40,000 Westinghouse class families have the most to gain through their sus of this first International conference for UAW Workers. About one third are women. liberation and will become the most essential and women was: UAW women ... want an equal "Specifically, the IUE complaint," continues AFL­ powerful components of struggles concerning all chance to participate in all levels of union activities, CIO News, "flled on a nation-wide basis, charges aspects of female oppression. and they want a bigger voice in union affairs." Westinghouse with: Last spring the Missouri Teamsters held a con­ "Failing to accord employes who are disabled ference of women workers that discussed and de­ The article continued, "'In our society today,' by pregnancy or childbirth the right to accrue bated various aspects of the problems of women said Mrs. Davis [UAW women's department di­ and retain .geniority, to accrue holiday and vaca­ in American society. The conference voted in favor rector], 'women are paid less, hired last, promoted tion pay, to accrue pension credits, to return to of abortion law repeal and equal job opportuni­ least and given the most boring jobs. They are their former jobs when able to return to work and ties, and recognized the need to escalate the strug­ the first laid off in a recession, as we are now to receive disability and sickness pay when dis­ gles of working women to win these demands. experiencing, and will be the last recalled.' abled. The women's liberation movement has also af­ · "'Women,' she told the delegates, 'are going to "Discharging females who become pregnant, or fected the attitude women have about themselves get out of their local unions just what they put attempting by coercion to obtain resignations.... " By Any Means Necessary Baxter Smith Black woman elected in Canada On Aug. 30 Rosemary Brown became the first of catching-up to do. They need special measures." Opposition to this system has come from officials Black woman in Canada ever elected to a pro­ Although the NDP has a reformist leadership, of the conservative building trades unions, some vincial Parliament seat. Brown, a member of the the party is based on the trade unions and signi­ national Jewish figures, and others interested in New Democratic Party, Canada's labor party, was fies the break of the Canadian working class with maintaining white job privileges. Some politicians elected in the Vancouver-Burrand district in the the political parties of capital. The election of Brown who are soliciting their support for the 1972 British Columbia elections. Emery Barnes, another and other like-minded NDP candidates reflects the elections have also joined the bandwagon. Black NDP candidate, was also elected. impact on the party of the growing radicalization President Nixon has recently spoken out against Brown won a decisive victory over opponents in British Columbia. job quotas. They are not an "appropriate means from three capitalist parties: Liberal, Conserva­ of achieving equal employment opportunity," he tive, and Social Credit. According to the Sept. e In this country, controversy continues to rage said, according to the Sept. 10 New York Times. 8 issue of Contrast, a Toronto-based Black news­ over hiring practices and quotas in federally funded McGovern, not to be left out, echoed Nixon's paper, she said, "we did not skirt the issues. We jobs. view. "I reject the quota system as detrimental did not hide the fact that we wanted women to The initial agreement to assign hiring quotas for to American society," the Times quoted him as vote for women. We found the response fan­ Blacks and other oppressed nationalities came as saying. tastic ... [the campaign was] fought as women a result of several mass actions in Chicago, Pitts­ McGovern's position has evoked a sharp cry and won as women." burgh, and other places in 1969 over federally from some of his Black Democratic supporters. related hiring practices. These large actions pro­ Before his nomination, McGovern had told some In addition to campaigning for women's rights, tested the discriminatory policies that virtually ex­ of these supporters that he would give 10 percent Brown also campaigned for the rights of homo­ clude Blacks from federal and public construction of federal patronage jobs within each state sexuals and Indians. The Aug. 24 Vancouver jobs. to Blacks if he were elected. Sun reports that when ask.ed at one public meeting The quota system seeks to put a percentage McGovern's real attitude to the plight of Blacks about the high unemployment rate of Native Cana­ of oppressed nationalities in federal and public and other national minorities in relation to federal dians, Brown replied, "equal opportunities are not jobs in relation to their percentage in the popu­ jobs only helps to point out that this Democrat's good enough for Indians. They have 400 years lation as a whole. interests remain far from the needs of Blacks.

8 Militant subscription drive off to ·columbia maids good start with 2,000 new subs • By NANCY COLE print shop. mood and interest in politics and the w1n SEPT. 19 - Four days after the open­ Reports received from Boston, Port­ fact that they can get a paper that ing of the fall subscription drive for land, and the Twin Cities indicate that brings them news each week about 33,000 new readers, the scoreboard interest in the 1972 elections and the the social movements ij.nd their devel­ 8-month registers an impressive beginning with SWP campaign is prevalent among opment around the country as well 2,049 subscriptions. So far 47 areas new subscdbers this fall. With teams as the world." have contributed to the subscription going onto campuses three times and Portland's first night of sending out battle effort, and 21 of them are on sched­ subscription teams yielded 66 sub­ ule (listed in boldface on the score­ scriptions. According to Bill Scheer, By RUTH CHENEY board). sub drive director, "One striking fea­ NEW YORK CITY, Sept. 15-Today Most areas that, began organizing ture of sub selling has been the gen­ the members of Local 241 of the their drives early are now ahead of eral lack of enthusiasm for the Mc­ Transport Workers Union at Colum­ bia University voted to accept a con­ schedule. .Tho!!e areas with especially Govern campaign. Rarely do you see tract guaranteeing that 30 maids large quotas leading the subscription a poster of him or run into any argu­ threatened. with layoffs since last Jan­ campaign are Portland, with close to ments from his supporters. Even his uary will not be fired. This victory 20 percent of its quota completed; the strong supporters are interested in get­ culminates .an eight-month-long battle Twin Cities, with more than 13 per­ ting all sides of the elections." This fall's subscription drive is the against the university's sexist treat­ cent; and Brooklyn, with 11 percent. ment of women employees. International Socialist Review sub­ largest in our history, and we need the help of our supporters to make The new contract remedies many of scriptions now total 164 out of a goal the discriminatory policies toward' fe- · of 3,300. A goal of one ISR sub for it a success. Readers from Allentown, Pa.; Saranac Lake, N.Y.; Youngs­ male maintenance workers. In · addi­ every 10 Militant subscriptions sold tion to preventing the firing of the has been projected. Eleven areas are town, Ohio; and Chicago, Til.; re­ sponded to the appeal we printed in maids, the contract provides for merg­ on schedule, but special efforts should ing the seniority lists of maids and be made now in the beginning of the the Sept. 8 Militant. You can help too by taking a sub­ janitors. In the event of a future lay­ drive if ISR subscriptions are to keep off, any maid or janitor can "bump" up. scription quota of whatever you think you can sell by Nov. 22. any employee in any division of the The more than 2,000 Militant sub­ maintenance department who has less scriptions already sent in is especially seniority. significant considering that 15 of the Please set for me a quota of (circle . ·• •.•"!''"·· •• .J.i ..dRihlk The sex-typed titles of "maid" and 17 Young Socialists for Jenness and Militant/Dave Warren one) 5 10 20 30 40 50 "janitor" are to be abolished and re­ Pulley subscription teams are not yet ( ) List the above quota in The placed with the categories of "light­ on the road. These teams have each 277 subscriptions sold, Twin Cities Militanf s scoreboard. duty" and "heavy-duty" cleaners. Seven pledged to get 700 of the 33,000 sub­ sub drive director, Diane Groth, writes, Name ______women are now being trained as scriptions. "The most noticeable aspect of our heavy-duty cleaners, and six more are From San Francisco Chris Hilde­ subscription drive has been the inter­ to enter this category. Two of the orig­ Address______brand reports that three sellers sold est in the SWP campaign and the spe­ inal 30 maids have already taken 25 subscriptions in an hour at San cial campaign subscription offer of higher-paying jobs as university Francisco State College. And one sup­ 20 weeks for $1. Not only are Mili­ City State __Zip ____ guards. The new contract preserves porter there has already sold seven tant subs easier to sell because of the 14 Charles Lane, New York, N.Y. the two separate pay scales that ex­ subscriptions to her co-workers in a special offer but also because of the 10014 isted for maids ·and janitors but stipu- SUBSCRIPTIO SCOREBOARD San Antonio, Texas AREA QUOTA SUBS Lower Manhattan, N.Y. 1,250 95 50 1 Philadelphia, Pa. 1,050 20 Pittsburgh, Pa. 5 6 Los Angeles, Calif. 1,900 137 Chicago, Ill. Madison, Wis. 200 72 2,500 46 Edinboro, Pa. Boulder, Colo. 175 46 Houston, Texas 1,050 65 60 1 Santa Barbara, Calif. 75 1 Bloomington, Ind. 350 89 Denver, Colo. 1,250 74 Detroit, Mich. 1,500 16 Hartford, Conn. 125 25 Cincinnati, Ohio 100 5 Gary, Ind. 100 1 Wichita Falls, Texas 15 3 Youngstown, Ohio 20 1 San Diego, Calif. 400 3 Portland, Ore. 700 138 Washington, D. C. 900 40 College Park, Md. 175 1 Nashville, Tenn.· 20 3 San Francisco,, Calif. 2,050 89 Binghamton, N.Y. 200 1 Twin Cities, Minn. 1,700 227 Allentown, Pa. 50 2 Alfred, N.Y. 10 0 Storrs, Conn. 25 3 Durham, N.H. 50 2 Amherst, Mass. 150 0 Brooklyn, N.Y. 1,250 138 Long Island, N.Y. 100 4 Bethlehem, Pa. 10 0 Champaign, Ill. 10 1 New Haven, Conn. 25 1 Kansas City, Mo. 150 Cleveland, Ohio 1,300 122 Phoenix, Ariz. 50 2 0 Red Bank, N.J. Upper West Side, N.Y. 1,250 112 Seattle, Wash. 950 38 50 0 Saranac Lake, N.Y. 30 MI. Pleasant, Mich. 200 17 St. Louis, Mo. 120 4 0 Worcester, Mass. Militant/Julie Simon Austin, Texas 550 45 Boston, Mass. 2,500 80 175 0 General Colun'lbia maids and supporters Burlington, Vt. 25 2 Tallahassee, Fla. 150 4 500 58 National Teams 1,400 0 Sarasota, Fla. 25 2 Atlanta, Ga. 1,250 28 picket. TOTAL TO DATE 2,049 Oakland-Berkeley, Calif. 2,200 174 Providence, R.I. 200 4 GOAL 33,000 lates that the work load for light-duty cleaners will be reduced. During the spring of 1972, the Wom­ en's Mfirmative Action Coalition, a group involving Columbia maids, . SPECIAL IITRODUCTORY OFFER women faculty, students, staff, and ad­ ministrators, held five demonstrations demanding that the maids not be fired. The actions called for equal pay for 20 WEEKS OF THE MILITA T-81 maids, who performed the same work as janitors for less pay. ( ) $1 for a 20-week introductory subscription. The maids, who are all Black or ( ) $2.50 for a six-month subscription. Latin, also received support from ( ) $1.50 for Gls for six months. Transport Workers Union President ( ) $5 for a one-year subscrip,tion. Matthew Guinan, who threatened a strike at Columbia, and the Equal ~arne ______Employment Opportunity Commis­ ------sion. Address ______

City State Zip ______The Militant, 14 Charles Lane, ~ew York, ~. Y. 10014.

THE MILITANT/SEPTEMBER 29, 1972 9 YSA leaders begin Ferdinand Marcos. They protested the fact that they were being made home­ nat'l speaking tour Argentine less while the government permitted the businesses and apartment build- By CAROLINE FOWLKES day and tell you she will leave troops . ings to remain on the waterways. This fall three national leaders of the in Vietnam if elected. The report on the new squatters Young Socialist Alliance will tour col­ ''When Linda Jenness, Socialist to tour in movement in the Sept. 1 issue of the lege campuses across the country to Workers candidate, comes out for the New York Times noted that "Increas­ gain support for the Socialist Workers right of women to control their bodies, ingly, the demonstrations have taken Party's election campaign and to urge she doesn't then tell women that abor­ defense of the form of general attacks on the participation in the Twelfth Young So­ tion is irrevelant, as McGovern did. administration of President Marcos cialist National Convention scheduled When Linda says she believes in self­ • and the city government of Mayor for Cleveland, Nov. 23-26. determination for the Black commu­ Ramon Bagatsing." The three speakers, Geoff Mirelowitz, nity, she definitely does not endorse pr1soners Sam Manuel, and Delpfine Welch, will such racists as Daley and Hanrahan!" make six-day stops in a total of 17 NEW YORK- The U. S. Committee major cities. They will speak before for Justice to Latin American Polit­ campus audiences, engage in debates ical Prisoners (US LA) has announced with supporters of George McGovern a nationwide speaking tour on Ar­ gentina in response to the recent shoot­ Racist and Richard Nixon, and appear on local radio and TV. ing of 19 political prisoners there .. Geoff Mirelowitz, a member- of the USLA reports that in Cordoba alone, YSA National Executive Committee, following this massacre of political officials will tour the Western states. Mirelowitz, prisoners, there were two general • a leading activist in the antiwar move­ strikes and 600 people were arrested. ment since 1964, traveled to Paris in The purpose of the tour will be to 1gnore 1971, where he met with leaders of the explain and publicize the situation in Provisional Revolutionary Govern­ Argentina and to organize a cam­ ment of South Vietnam's delegation to paign for the defense of the ~ictims rape of the Paris peace talks as well as with of the military dictatorship. Elena Ro­ representatives of the Democratic Re­ driguez, the speaker for USLA, was public of Vietnam. While in Paris, he a student at the University of La Plata brought greetings to a rally of more in Argentina when the Ongania dic­ Chicana than 3,000. tatorship seized power in 1966. By MARTA RICHMOND Delpfine Welch will tour the Midwest Delpfine Welch Rodriguez was one of those sen­ SAN DIEGO - On May 31 Martha and East Coast. Welch is presently on tenced to prison for the "crime" of Elena Parra Lopez, a young mexi­ the National Executive Committee of The three speakers will invite young protesting and resisting military inter­ cana, reported to U.S. authorities that the YSA and was one of the founders people to support the Socialist Work­ vention on the campus. Unable to Kenneth W. Cocke, a border' patrol of Cell 16 and Female Liberation in ers campaign along with the 12,000 continue her education because of her officer, had kidnapped and raped her. Boston, two of the first women's lib­ others who have endorsed the cam­ role in the student movement, she went More than three months have passed eration organizations to develop in the paign. to work in a meat-packing plant, and the only action taken by U. S. new wave of feminism. She also "The last stop of our tours," says where she was fired because of her authorities has been to suspend the chaired the recent Women's National Manuel, "will be in Cleveland at activity in the union. Currently, she officer for 30 days. A federal grand Abortion Action Conference held in Thanksgiving, where we will meet with is active in the defense of political jury has begun hearings on the case. New York City in July and is playing hundreds of Young Socialists for Jen­ prisoners in Argentina. The events began in Chula Vista, an active role in the abortion law ness and Pulley and members of the Rodriguez's tour will begin in Bos­ Calif., at the home of a friend, accord­ repeal movement. Young Socialist Alliance at the Young ton on Oct. 16 and will run until ing to Lopez, when no documentation Sam Manuel is a 22-year-old Black Socialist National Convention. Dec. 12. She will speak in cities was found on her or her two female liberation and antiwar activist and "We are inviting each person we meet throughout the U. S. and Canada. companions. a member of the YSA's National Com­ to join us there to talk about what we Anyone interested in helping to set The three women were then trans­ mittee. Manuel will tour Southern c'am­ should do after the elections. There up a meeting for her should contact ported to the border patrol office in puses, where he is known through a will be workshops and panels on such USLA at 150 Fifth Ave., Room 737, San Ysidro. One of the officers then recent tour there helping to organize issues as abortion, high school rights, New York, N.Y. 10011. Telephone: made sexist remarks to Lopez, drove support for the May 27 African Lib­ Black and Raza students, the antiwar (212) 691-2880. her and her two companions to the eration Day demonstration in Wash­ movement, and others. We hope to border, and demanded that the two ington, D. C., and the SWP's presiden­ bring many young people with us to women leave and Martha Lopez stay. tial campaign. this important convention." As a show of solidarity, the two com­ When asked what she sees as the Mirelowitz feels that by talking to panions refused to leave. Then they purpose of the tours, Welch replied, students, he can convince many of were all driven to a remote border "Many people are unhappy with Nix­ them to join the YSA. "It's true that area, where they were bodily threat­ on and have questions about McGov­ the most effective way to build the Philippine ened if they did not comply with the ern. As socialists, we want to let stu­ movements for change in this country demand. dents know there is a presidential can­ is to become a member of the Young After her companions left, the officer didate who is opposed to the war, Socialist Alliance. We think we have struggled with Martha Lopez and but who will not turn around the next the program that will do it." squatters forcibly raped her, with the racist re­ mark, "I hope you don't have a dis­ ease." protest A medical examination at County University Hospital revealed injury to Lopez's vaginal area. YOU PROBABLY The whole affair has been hushed eviction and whitewashed by the authorities, A protest movement has developed in who tried to treat it as simply a civil GREW UP the Philippines among the 100,000 rights violation rather than a crim­ inhabitants of shantytowns along the inal offense by the border patrol of­ BELIEVING II waterways through Manila. In the ficer. In August, Martha Lopez and wake of the worst floods in Phillippine her two companions filed suit against history- which took place in June, Ju­ the officer, charging him with false 'THE LAID OF THE FREE' ly, and early August--the government imprisonment, battery, and rape. is attempting to evict the squatters Racism and sexism have been bla­ And then what happened? Genocide in lndoch ina, police riots in the ghettos, from their homes as a flood-preven­ tant in the whole incident, far from the frame-ups and victimizations of political activists-all of the crimes being com­ tion measure. first of its kind. Officials are now even mitted in your name made you realize you aren't really free after all. Since the floods it has come to light implying that Lopez accepted the rape Bu.t we know there's a choice. We think this country can be changed. If you willingly. They have also referred to think so too . . . · that pollution and industrial practices were largely responsible for the vast the mexicanas involved as "wetbacks." Come to the YOUNG SOCIALIST NA T/ONAL CONVENTION, November 23- damages caused by the floods. The Chicano leaders are demanding to 26, Cleveland, Ohio, Sheraton-Cleveland Hotel. flood waters could not drain off be­ know why the patrol officer has not cause the city waterways were clogged been charged and brought to justice. Young Socialist Alliance/Box 471 Cooper StationfN. Y., N.Y. 10003 ------­ by refuse, by the shanties, and by "If the suspect had been Chicano, he affluent business and apartment build­ would have been in jail long ago," ... I want more info on the Young Socialist National Convention ... I want ings built over the waterways. The said Herman Baca, San Diego county to join the YSA. . . Enclosed is my contribution of $ ... toward the YSA waters were also uncontrollable be­ organizer of La Raza Unida !'arty. national fund drive. cause of land denuded of trees from He continued: "This travesty of jus­ Name ______indiscriminate logging and because of tice only serves to symbolize the im­ Address ______gaps in the dikes resulting from the morality, brutality, and all the injus­ City ______State ______Zip------negligence of land owners. tices that are committed against Mex­ Phone School ______The last week in August saw a dem­ icans and Chicanos daily along the onstration of 1,500 squatters, who international border by the racist Im­ marched on the residence of President migration Department."·

10 Black Gl_put on trial Miss. jury frames up on 'fragg1ng' charge nationalist·for murder By LEE SMITH 11 have obtained bail. The RNA By MICHAEL SCHREIBER vestigation Division. After Smith was {)ffaga Quaddus (Wayne James), one president, lmari Abubakari Obadele, SAN FRANCISCO, Sept. 16 - The seized, Hazard continued, he shouted of 11 members of the Republic of is among those still in jail. He is be­ prosecution ·opened its case on Sept. that a grenade pin had been planted NeW' Africa jailed on frame-up charges ing held in lieu of $75,000 bail. 12 in the court-martial of Billy Dean in his pocket by the CID agents. after an Aug. 18, 1971, police assault On July 31, when Andrew Pulley Smith. Smith, a Black GI, is charged In cross-examination, chief defense on the RNA's Jackson, Miss., head­ was in Jackson to file nominating pe­ with the murder by hand grenade counsel Luke ;McKissack established quarters, was convicted of murder by titions _to place his name and that of ("fragging") of two Army officers at that Hazard's courtroom testimony a Jackson jury Sept. 14. Linda Jenness on the Mississippi bal­ Bien Hoa, Vietnam, on March 15, · that one man was seen running from The verdict, reached after five hours lot, the Socialist Workers Party vice­ 1971. the scene of the explosion contradicts of deliberation, makes Quaddus the presidential candidate attempted to see· ·Smith pleaded "not guilty" to the his pretrial statements that mention second of the RNA 11 to be convicted Obadele and the other RNA prisoners. charges when the trial opened on Sept. two men running away. for ~purder in connection with the He was not allowed a visit, but he 6. The first G I to be tried inside the shooting death of a single cop. Last sent a written interview via the pris­ United- States for a fragging, he has May 3, another Jackson jury convicted oners' attorneys. been held in solitary confinement in Hekima Ana (Thomas Norman) on a five-by-nine-foot cell since being re­ the same charge. In part of the response to this in­ turned to the U.S. more than a year Ana was convicted on purely cir­ terview, Obadele wrote to Pulley: "It ago. cumstantial evidence of having fired is important to understand that des­ As the trial opened 300 people pick­ the fatal bullet during the cop attack pite all the talk of violence that sur­ eted in support of Smith outside the on the RNA. In Quaddus's trial, the rounds the RNA-and our Govern­ gates of Fort Ord, the California Army prosecution did not even attempt to ment is unflinchingly committed to base where the trial is being held. prove that the defendant killed the cop. self-defense - we have opened no The action was sponsored by the Viet­ The state argued that he was guilty armed struggle in Mississippi. We are nam Veterans Against the War. because he had fired his weapon at forced into a ,defensive armed strug­ The only evidence against Smith is the time the cop was shot. gle. . . . But we are attempting to a grenade pin that the Army claims The evidence presented to establish achieve our goals-reparations and to have found in Smith's pocket after that Quaddus had fired a weapon was the. liberation of [Mississippi's 25 west­ his arrest. '.l'he Army has tried to the same inconclusive evidence used ern counties]-by diplomatic and par­ back up its charges by citing Smith's in Ana's trial: that Quaddus's finger­ liamentary means.... " [Emphasis in antiwar views, his lack of enthusiasm prints were found on a semiautomatic original.] for "closing with the enemy," and his . rifle in the headquarters. Ana is ap­ Contributions arid requests for more statements that certain officers were pealing his conviction, and Quaddus information on how to help fightthese racists. will undoubtedly do the same. frame-ups can be sent in care of the The Army has not reported any Nine more tria,Js remain in this Southern Conference Educational witnesses who can place Billy Dean racist frame-up aimed at destroying Fund, P. 0. Box 5174, Jackson, Miss. Smith at the scene of the fragging. Billy Dean Smith the Republic of New Africa. Six of the 39216. However, the prosecuting attorney announced in his opening remarks on Sept. 12 that he will call 18 witnesses The defense won a preliminary vic­ to prove that the two officers who died tory on the opening day of the trial. U.S. pollution bill puts in the Bien Hoa fragging were killed McKissack obtained a ruling that the by mistake in an attempt by Smith imposition of the death penalty against to murder· the company commander Billy Dean Smith could be ruled out and first sergeant. since military law is subject to the action off until1985 The two officers who were allegedly Jurit! 29 Supreme Court decision pro­ By LEE SMITH ject to a maximum $25,000 fine and the targets of the explosion arrived hibiting capital punishment in cases A House-Senate Conference committee one-year prison sentence for a first soon afterwards and ordered the ar­ in which it may be imposed by dis- on Sept. 14 passed the final version conviction and just double that for rest of Billy Dean Smith. . cretion of the court.· of a water pollution control bill that subsequent convictions. Prosecution witness Harold Hazard, However, on Sept. 12 Judge Rawles would allow U. S. industries to con­ The combination of loose enforce­ the chief Army investigator of the frag­ Frazier denied a defense motion to tinue dumping poisons into the na­ ment mechanisms that make possible ging, testified that he and the com­ dismiss the nine-member jury ("court­ tion's rivers, lakes, and streams un­ drawn-out procedural delays with pen­ pany commander, Rigby, found little martial board") on the grounds that til1985. alties far cheaper for businesses than evidence at the scene of the explosion. the board members did not qualify The measure was originally !ntro­ compliance encourages resistance by But Rigby ordered Smith's arrest on as peers of Private Smith. The board, duced Feb. 2, 1971, by Senator Ed­ industry. the basis of his first sergeant's repeat­ McKissack argued, is a "blue-ribbon mund Muskie (D-Maine) as an alter­ Even before his bill was weakened, ed assertions that Smith was guilty panel of career officers" chosen before­ native to the administration bill in­ Muskie stressed that the 1985 goal of the deed. hand. In accordance with military law, troduced a short time later. It may was not "set in concrete." Howling The company was called to attention Smith may Qe convicted on the basis wind up being vetoed by President bloody murder at the cost to busi­ in the early hours of the morning, of only five "guilty" votes. Nixon because of its $24-billiQn price ness of both Muskie' s bill and the orig­ about an hour and a half after the Smith's court martial, which is open tag. inal House bill, which was even explosion. Billy Dean Smith was called to the public, begins at 9 a.m., Tues­ The new legislation extends water weaker than the final compromise, the "front and center" (before all poten­ days through Fridays, at Fort Ord. quality standards to all navigable wa­ Wall Street Journal labeled the 12- tial witnesses) and arrested for mur­ Observers should arrive about one ters and the contiguous oceans within year deadline on ending water pol- · der by agents of the Army Central In- hour in advance. the 12-mile limit. It requires the adop­ lution as "unrealistic," "eccentric," and tion of new, stricter standards on in­ "Paradise." dustrial discharges. It sets deadlines It is this reactionary sentiment of of 1977 ·for the installation of the capitalists who will preserve their prof­ "best practicable" . pollution control its even af the cost of destroying the Irish Republicans in technology and 1983 for the ''best . water supply that lies behind the weak­ available" technology. · ness of the bill now before Nixon. This technology involves using the Effective action against pollution U.S. hold nat'l meet latest "closed-cycle" systems, which ex­ cannot be taken by Democrats and By DAVE FRANKEL of the Northern Ireland Civil Rights tract pollutants from the water before Republicans, who are dedicated to up­ CAMBRIDGE, Mass., Sept. 17- The Association Journal, reported on the it is recycled, rather than just trea.ting holding the power of these profit-seek­ first annual convention of the Irish situation in freland. 0 Tuathail is also it before discharging it. ing rulers. Republican Clubs of the USA and a former editor of The United Irish­ The -two key and interrelated pro­ Canada ( IRC) was held here yester­ man, the organ of the official Repub­ visions of the measure as passed are day and today. More than 100 dele­ lican movement in Ireland. the deadlines- and the enforcement and gates and observers attended. IRC 0 Tuathail is the first person in­ penalties it specifies. It is here that the groups from New York; Chicago; Bos­ terned by the British in Northern Ire­ proposed law's glaring weakness is ton; Los Angeles; Berkeley; Phila­ land to smuggle out an account of the most apparent. delphia; Springfield, Mass.; and Port­ treatment meted out to the internees. F..ffective "closed-cycle" control sys­ land, Maine, were represented. He will be speak~g at meetings in the tems are available. now. While they The formalization of a structure for U.S. and Canada over the coming will no doubt be upgraded in the next the organization was seen as a nec­ weeks as part of a tour sponsored by 12 years, there is no reason to wait essary step to carry out future actions, the IRC. that long to require their use. No and most of the discussion at the con­ Resolutions in solidarity with the reason, that is, except concern for pro­ vention concerned the proposed con- struggle of the Vietnamese people and tecting the polluters' profits. stitution of the IRC. _;; in opposition to laws that discriminate The enforcement 'machinery original­ Delegates ·overwhelmingly rejected against women, including those pro­ ly proposed by Muskie would have an exclusionary clause that had been hibiting abortion, were passed. Moira given the Environmentaf Protection included in the constitution as orig­ Bradshaw of New York was elected A~ency power to issue abatement or­ inally proposed. The clause would president of the IRC. ders and seek court injunctions. As have excluded from membership in Greetings to the convention were re­ passed, the bill allows the EPA only the IRC any person who was "a mem­ ceived from the Socialist Workers Par­ to authorize court action, not to ini­ ber of any political party organiza­ ty, International Socialists, National tiate it. tion." Peace Action Coalition, National As­ The penalties provided in the bill, Various organizational-reports were sociation for Irish Freedom, and the about the same as those in the orig­ heard. Seamus 0 Tuathail, the editor New York Anti-Internment Coalition. inal measure, make violators sub-

THE MILITANT/SEPTEMBER 29, 1972 11 essary to understand the nature of Stalinism and its policies. lew evidence revealed Through the Moscow Trials, Stalin had falsely proclaimed the Trotsky­ ists to be the worst enemies of the So­ viet Union, assassins, wreckers, poi­ soners, and agents of Hitler, Musso­ lini, Franco, and the Mikado. The communist Party ded American CP has been among . the most docile servitors of Moscow, un­ reservedly following every twist and turn of its foreign policy from Stalin llrst Smith Act lrame-u to Brezhnev. For example, from the Stalin-Hitler Pact in 1939 to the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941, the CP characterized the impending inter­ vention of the United States into World War II as imperialist. Jaffe publishes the texts of two radio messages se­ cretly sent to Browder from the Com­ intern fixing this line._ The CP reversed its position over­ night after June 22, 1941, and became the most rabid patriots, backing Roosevelt to the hilt. Jaffe also reveals that Browder had indirect communi­ cation with the president during the war years through Josephine Adams and Eleanor Roosevelt in which he fingered liberal and left-wing critics of the administration. The Stalinists singled out the Trot­ skyists for special attack because, as the most consistent opponents of the imperialist war-makers, they were the most effective exposers of both Roose­ velt's reactionary moves and Stalin's course. (Despite its condemnatio_n of Stalin's crimes, the SWP called for dclending the Soviet Union against Hitler's attack, just as it defended the U. S. ·. Communists against the gov­ ernment attacks during the witch-hunt years.)

'Peaceful coexistence' However, the close, if episodic, com­ plicity of the American CP with the capitalist rulers had a more funda­ First Smith Act victims: Minneapolis 18 on their way to jail, Dec. 31, 1943 mental explanation. It flowed from the theory of "socialism in one country," and the policy of "peaceful coexistence" By GEORGE NOVACK Despite the Stalinist obstruction, 150 bandit irred the first shot. . . . No im­ coupled with it, that was initiated by The Communist Party leadership not international and local unions, repre­ perialist regime can conduct a just Stalin and is still preached and prac­ only applauded the convictions of the senting more than five million work­ war. We cannot support it for one ticed by his successors. 18 members of the Socialist Workers ers, supported the objectives of the moment." The following rationale is given for Party and Minneapolis Teamsters Lo­ Civil Rights Defense Committee that The extent of the CP treachery is · this disastrous line. Since the Soviet cal 544 in 1941 under the anticon­ handled the defense campaign. made unmistakably clear in the sen­ Union is the leading state engaged in stitutional Smith Act but urged on Now Browder has reveal~ in tences from the last page of the manu­ building "socialism," and now "com­ the U.S. Department of Justice and Jaffe's words, that, in addition to its script, entitled "In Conclusion," which · munism," within its borders, all Com­ supplied its officials with extensive public stand, "the Party prepared for advised J. Edgar Hoover's FBI and munist parties must keep in step with materials for use in the case. the Department of Justice an impor­ Roosevelt's attorney general to crush the Kremlin's shifting relations with tant collection of documents to help the Trotskyists as subversive agents the capitalist powers, regardless of the cost. In this way the interests of the George Novack was the national prove the guilt of the Socialist Work­ of fascism. ers Party." Jaffe states that "a set of the "Being a sabotage organization, masses and their revolutionary strug­ secretary of the Civil Rights De­ above described documents was given concentrating upon the disruption of gle. for socialism in the rest of the fense Committee. to me by Earl Browder in the late the war effort, the Trotskyites do not world are subordinated and sacrificed fifties." require a large organization. On the to the dictates of the Soviet bureauc­ This information comes from Earl The 14 documents, marked Exhibit contrary, a smaller group is more racy, which considers them expend­ Browder, head of the CP at that time. A, B, C, etc., consisted of two pam­ easily controlled and efficient for their able. It is part of an article entitled "The phlets, "War and the Fourth Interna­ purposes. . . . The dangerous efficien­ Thus, in the pursuit of "peaceful co­ Rise and _Fall of Earl Browder," pub­ tional," dated 1934, and "Manifesto cy of this small group is shown by the existence," the CPs in the tow of the lished in the spring 1972 issue of of the Fourth International on the fact that it succeeded in obtaining aid Kremlin are mandated t J seek al­ the London quarterly Survey. Imperialist War and the Proletarian for the convicted Minneapolis traitors liances, or, more precisely, to kowtow Its author is Philip J. Jaffe, the well­ Revolution," dated 1940; four com­ from the AFL and CIO unions repre­ before the "progressive" and "peace­ known writer and publisher of Amer­ plete issues of the International Bul­ senting 1,000,000 workers [exhibit M]. loving" sectors of the bourgeoisie be­ asia magazine, who was himself a letin for Members Only, dated August . . . This core of saboteurs is small, ing courted by Moscow. target of the witch-hunters during the and September 1942; and several but its underground influence is large. That is why the CP castigated Roo­ 1940s and 1950s. Jaffe has been a pages from the monthly, Fourth Inter­ Remove the core and you wreck sevelt as an imperialist warmonger close friend of Browder's for 35 years national, and from the weekly, The a strong fascist weapon in America." during the German-Soviet pact. And and negotiated for the publication of Milita'nt, for the year 1942. The false accusation that the Trot­ that is whey it worked with his federal . his memoirs. "In some of the exhibits the perti­ skyists engaged in sabotage was lift­ prosecutors to silence and repress so­ The Minneapolis case was the first nent wording was underlined in red," ed directly from the Moscow Trial cialist and union oppositionists during federal prosecution under the Smith ·writes Jaffe. "In addition to the docu­ frame-ups, which the CP sought to the war. "gag' act, passed in 1940. The law ments there was added a 24-page export to this country in connection Why should the CP's crimesofyester­ was later used to convict 11 ·of the typed manuscript, many of the pages with the government frame-up of the year be raked up now, it might be top CP leaders, who were given long single-spaced, entitled "The Fifth Col­ SWP. asked. Wasn't Browder deposed in sentences. By helping the Roosevelt umn Role of the Trotskyites in the 1945? Hasn't the CP since admitted it administration put the SWP leaders United States." Fink ad made a costly mistake in the behind bars, the Stalinists greased the One of the underlined passages from The documented disclosure of the Minneapolis case that deepened its iso­ way for Truman to railroad the CP Exhibit C is the following excerpt from collusion of the Stalinist leaders with lation during the witch-hunt years by leaders to jail 10 years later. "A Statement on the War," written by the capitalist government will come giving numerous union leaders who It has long been known that the James P. Cannon in January 1942. as a shock to many in its ranks and recalled it a pretext for refusing to American CP and its Daily Worker The SWP national secretary said: "We even to some who have broken with fight the government attacks upon the. endorsed the victimizations of the SWP consider the war on the part of all the the CP and learned to mistrust it. civil liberties of the Communists? and Teamster officers. They exerted capitalist powers involved- Germany They are bound to ask: How could This shameful blot upon the record themselves to prevent labor and lib­ and France, Italy and Great Britain­ the CP leaders have committed a fink of the CP has more than historical eral organizations from supporting the as an imperialist war.... The exten­ act that not only violated the elemen­ interest. It has contemporary rele­ defense of the 18, ignoring James P. sien of the war to the Pacific and the tary prfuciple of class solidarity but vance. The CP and its press today Cannon's warning in the Minneapolis formal entry of the, United States and was so self-defeating? Couldn't they keeps charging that the "Trotskyite courtroom that the prosecution of the Japan changed nothing in this basic at least have foreseen the dangerous disrupters" are agents of imperialism Trotskyists, if successful, would be di­ analysis. Following Lenin, it made consequences to themselves? and guilty of other nefarious activities. rected· against others.. no difference to us which imperialist To explain such conduct it is nee- Continued on page 22

12 A weekly international supplement to The Militant based on selections from Intercontinental Press, a newsmagazine reflecting the viewpoint of revolutionary socialism.

SEPTEMBER 29, 1972

National Awami party (NAP)-have Sind, have resorted to large-scale ar­ erties lawyer is now the central gov­ justified the arrests with the old, fa­ rests in order to curb the opposition ernment's minister of law and is en­ miliar phrases used during the mili­ from both the right and the left. In gaged in drafting the new constitu­ Pakistan tary dictatorships and originally for­ Sind alone nearly 1,000 people have tion, which promises to be even more mulated by British imperialism. heen categorised as political prisoners. repressive than previous rules and The NAP, which includes a whole The situation has become so alarm­ regulations by which the bourgeoisie variety of pro-Moscow "Communists," ing that Pakistan's most intelligent governed Pakistan. is in power in two provinces, the bourgeois newspaper, Dawn, recently Also, most of the lawyers who could Large-scale North West Frontier Province (NWFP) carried a front-page article, signed by set up a civil liberties union are at­ and Baluchistan. In the NWFP it its editor-in-chief, calling for the crea­ tached either to the PPP or the NAP. shares power with a religious party tion of a civil liberties union which And it is precisely against these two arrests of called Jamaat-Ulema-Islam. The NAP­ "should be organised on a nonparti­ supposed left parties that civil liberties JUI coalition has proved to be as re­ san basis without any political aims have to be defended. actionary in its day-to-day govern­ or affiliations. . . . It should give le­ The arrests, of course, reflect the leftists, ing of the province as previous ad­ gal assistance where necessary to the extent of the social crisis that has ministrations. In the province's victims of repression, and it could gripped Pakistan since the indepen­ worsening tenant-landlord situation, launch a campaign to educate opin­ dence of Bangladesh. The only way unionists the NAP (whose membership includes ion- among the people as well as out of the impasse requires revolu­ a fair number of landlords) has con­ the ruling parties- on the basic prin­ tionary solutions of which neither the sistently opposed the tenants and has ciples of civilised governmental con­ NAP nor the PPP are capable. As a recently imprisoned fifty leading mili­ duct. It should try to insure that po­ result, they look for temporary reme­ Javed Hussein By tants of the Mazdoor-Kissan party, a litical prisoners are treated with hu­ dies, such as a long-term alliance with Lahore semi-Maoist political formation, be­ manity and that they are not involved the Indian bourgeoisie. Thousands of political activists, be­ cause of their "disruptive activities." in false criminal (non-political) cases, Meanwhile in Pakistan, rising prices longing to a wide spectrum of politi­ In Baluchistan the NAP government in accordance with the tradition that and increased cost of living have cal parties and striking trade-union­ is also reported to have imprisoned has been handed down to us by the created growing disillusionment with ists in different parts of Pakistan, have nearly 400 political workers and peas­ British raj ...." Bhutto and Wali Khan on the part been arrested under emergency regu­ ants and expelled a few political op­ While nice liberal talk like this is of the workers and peasants. And in lations. Both the ruling parties- Pres­ ponents from the province. Not to be no doubt well meant, many observers the absence of an organised socialist ident Zulfikar Ali Bhutto's Pakistan outdone, the PPP governments in the cannot fail to recall that the coun­ alternative, a drift to the extreme right People's party (PPP) and Wali Khan's remaining two provinces, Punjab and try's most widely respected civil-lib- is clearly visible. 0

of a coalition government. Bangladesh Maulana Bhashani, head of the Na­ tional Awami party, who led the dem­ onstration, denounced Mujib and his ministers for "fostering opportunists, Bengalis smugglers and others responsible for the unprecedented misery in Bangla­ desh today." protest "Until recently," Lewis M. Simons • • of the Washington Post reported Sep­ tember 5, "Mujib was considered pr1ce r1ses, above reproach. . . . But now ... the level of corruption has risen be­ yond that acceptable by local stan­ corruption dards, and the sheikh, who is current­ ly in Geneva recuperating from a gall About 20,000 Bengalis, chanting, bladder operation, is being tarred with "We want food, we want clothing, we the same brush as his government." want a life that's worth living," staged Because of soaring food prices, and a demonstration in Dacca September a distributing system that is both in­ 3. It was the most serious expression efficient and corrupt, hunger is wide­ thus far of opposition to the Awami spread in Bangladesh. The price of Unemployed workers in Dacca Der Spiegel League regime of Sheikh Mujibur seventy pounds of rice has doubled Rahman. The demonstrators demand­ to $14, the average monthly income ed measures to control skyrocketing of a Bengali peasant. The prices of food prices, a crackdown on govern­ cooking oil, kerosene, and cotton ment corruption, and establishment cloth have doubled or tripled. 0 World Outlook W0/2

Teitelboim declared war on the "ultra­ left" "Forty-eight hours after Senator Tei­ telboim's speech, the governor of Con­ cepcion, Vladimir Chavez, a member of the Central Committee of the Com­ munist party, authorized the Grupo Movil [tactical force] of the Carabi· neros (riot police] to use force to break up a demonstration called by the Political crisis brews in Chile; workers and students of the city of Concepcion. The action of the Grupo M6vil, whose dissolution was point No. 37 in the first forty points of the MIR presents alternative program Unidad Popular program, cost the life of a seventeen-year-old student, Eladio Caamafio Sobarzo, and left about forty wounded, some of them seriously. Many persons were arrest­ By Gerry Foley But the government seems to be tak­ confronted with a problem. Should it ed, all of them activists of the left ing another course. "Two years after support the government or continue parties." "Two years ago, on September 4, his election by a slim plurality, Pres­ preparing for guerrilla war? The demonstration attacked by the 1970, the victory of the Socialist Sal­ ident Allende took the occasion of a At first the MIR seemed to want to government was a counterdemonstra­ vador Allende in the presidential elec­ strategy speech last night to renew do both, and it provided Allende's tion to a march by rightist and fas­ tions seemed to have marked a turning his commitment to holding regular bodyguard, among other things. Re­ cist organizations. The popular dem­ point in the history of Latin America," elections and abiding by the results," cently, however, the MIR has been onstration was supported by the So­ Le Monde's correspondent Pierre Kal­ New York Times correspondent Jo­ raising sharp criticisms of the reform­ cialist Party, MAPU [Movimiento de fon wrote from Santiago in the Septem­ seph Novitski cabled from Santiago ism of Allende and the CP and try­ Acci6n Popular Unitaria- United ber 5 issue of the Paris daily. "The bal­ September 6. "He declared that a po­ ing to offer an alternative line. Thus, People's Action Movement], the PR, lot seemed to have won out over the litical solution was the only way out a very acute confrontation has been the Izquierda Cristiana (Christian Left] bullet. of the crisis and rejected the possi­ developing. (all of which are in the UP), and the "Now this euphoria is completely bility of a civil war." This split came into the open dra­ MIR. forgotten." The "political solution" Allende matically on May 12, two days after This bloc immediately won support Kalfon gave this gloomy assessment seemed to mean was a UP victory the CP legislator Volodia Teitelboim for the demonstration from the pro­ even taking all the Unidad Popular in the March 1973 presidential elec­ gave a speech in the Senate blaming vincial council of CUT [Central Unica (UP- People's Unity) reforms at face tions. the "ultraleft" equally with the right de Trabajadores- United Workers' value. He gave Allende credit for na­ To the supporters of his govern­ for the increasing violence in the coun­ Federation], the university and high­ tionalizing copper and other natural ment, to the working people who are try. "There is an extreme right that school student federations, the Con­ resources, eliminating the latifundios, threatened by counterrevolutionary traffics in arms and is aiming for a sejo Provincial Campesino [Provincial and asserting state control over a large terror at the hands of rightist gangs civil war. But there are also 'ultra' Peasant Council], and the Comando proportion of the monopolies and and the police of the regime itself, groups that call themselves 'left' who Provincial de Pobladores [Provincial banks. All of these achievements, he who are being denied the basic neces­ are following the same course, play­ Command of the Homeless People], claimed, were now endangered by a sities of life right now by the capital­ ing the role of partner in a mad waltz of the textile and coal miners' unions, mounting right-wing offensive. ist and imperialist masters of the econ­ with their political opposites. They as well as other groups. The right-wing campaign coincides omy, Allende offered no solution but feed on each other.... "But the Com­ The Communist party minister of with a sudden dramatic increase in the again voting for the UP more than munists "are against any form of vio­ the interior Daniel Vergara supported prices of essential consumer goods. In half a year in the precarious future. lence that might unleash a fratricidal the action of his comrade Chavez in a two-week period in August, accord­ In face of the rightist offensive, even struggle in this country." ordering the attack on the demonstra­ ing to the September 3 New York the parties of his own coalition-with The May 23 issue of Punta Final, tion. The Political Committee of the Times, the cost of cotton goods rose a notable exception- are increasingly the biweekly of the MIR, described Communist party issued a statement 90% and the price of cigarettes 110%. unwilling to accept such a passive the clash that came two days after blaming the "ultraleft" for the violence. Chicken and sugar went up 100%, posture. milk 90%, and beef disappeared from As a result, Allende has come more the markets. In attempting to impose and more to rely on the one reliably price controls and fight speculative reformist force in the coalition, the hoarding, the government came into Communist party. In June, the presi­ a head-on clash with shopkeepers, who dent reshuffled his cabinet, strengthen­ formed the spearhead of the rightist ing the position of the CP at the ex­ offensive. pense of his own Socialist party. On the other hand, the regime's shift to the right has forced it to attack Polarization the revolutionary left. And it is on In the sharpening polarization, the this front that the decisive battle seems government is trying to maintain a to be developing that will determine balance between the left and the right. the future of the popular-front gov­ At the very moment the minister of ernment. the interior Suarez was in Concepcion Attacks on left in the south, paying his last respects to a policeman killed during an at­ At present most of the reformists' tack on antirightist demonstrators, the fire seems to be centered on the M IR reactionaries were running amuck on (Movimiento de Izquierda Revolu­ the streets of the Chilean capital: cionaria), which has increased its in­ "Taking the pretext of a demonstra­ fluence in the past two years. tion by high-school students that took Like most of the revolutionary place in the morning, young extreme groups that have developed in Latin rightists, reinforced by lumpenprole­ America under the impact of the Cu­ tarian elements, took over the center ban revolution, the MIR was founded of the city for several hours, blocking on the premise that guerrilla warfare automobile traffic, beating up passers­ was the only effective way of fighting by, stoning the windows of shops and for national liberation against in­ apartment buildings, demanding that creasingly repressive forms of rule by the residents 'bang their pots' as a imperialism and the native capitalists. sign of support," wrote Kalfon. As a corollary, the group tended to The exploited masses that brought de-emphasize the importance of spe­ the popular-front government to pow­ cific political and economic demands, er demanded that Allende let them stressing broad anti-imperialist slo­ defend themselves against the ultra­ gans. right thugs. In keeping with this approach the "'Let us make a little expedition to MIR favored voting for the popular­ teach those rich boys a lesson,' the front ticket of Allende, while at the building workers asked. 'Give us arms same time expressing a very pessimis­ to defend ourselves,' the peasants de­ tic view about the possibilities of his mand:" (They are being intimidated being either elected or inaugurated. 400,000 Chileans marched in December 1971 in support of the Popular Unity by gangsterlike raids by expropriated When Allende did win and was al­ demonstration to the mobilizations of the right wing. landlords). lowed to take office, the MIR was W0/3

The Political Committee of the Social­ various coal miners' unions, the brew­ Councils [Consejo Comunales de Tra­ ist party also opposed the united-left ery workers, various lumbermen's bajadores] in the countryside and in bloc in Concepcion, expressing its dis­ unions, public health workers, the the cities. approval of the attitude of the SP coopers, and others. Five peasant or­ "8. Preparing the conditions for dis­ Uruguay regional committee in the area. ganizations have joined, thirty-one solving the parliament and creating camps of homeless people, sixteen stu­ a People's Assembly in its place." dent organizations, and twenty-seven To organize the fight against capi­ People's Assembly mothers' cooperatives. In all there are talist economic pressures, the MIR five political organizations and 139 raised the following immediate de­ Despite these pressures, the united­ Tupamaro ma~s organizations representing mands: Payment of a special bonus left front held together and decided workers, peasants, homeless people, semiannually, or every time the cost to form a broader body, a People's and students. of living rises by more than 5 per­ Assembly (Asamblea del Pueblo), that "Of course, it cannot be denied that cent, as a means of readjusting wages leader could mobilize the masses of the re­ the People's Assembly organized in and salaries. Immediate payment of gion against the rightist offensive. The • Concepcion was not all that it could the retroactive cost-of-living increases. new body immediately came under have been. One people's party, the The adoption of measures that would captured heavy fire from the CP. But it was Communist party, which represents a make it possible to eliminate unem­ defended by a member of the Socialist substantial sector of the working class ployment and underemployment in the party Central Committee, Guarani Pe­ in this area and in the country, which countryside and in the cities." shoot-out reda da Rosa, in an article in the has unquestionable weight and re­ The MIR program was published August 4 issue of Ultima Hora, the sponsibility in the revolutionary pro­ in late July. Facing the escalation of Almost exactly one year since his Socialist weekly. cess Chile is experiencing, did not par­ the rightist offensive and the cata­ spectacular tunnel escape from pris­ "On the day the body was organized, ticipate in this event. No Chilean rev­ strophic price increases of August, the on along with ninety-nine other guer­ the Communist party publicly char­ olutionist, no people's organization National Secretariat of the MIR up­ rillas, Raul Sendic, founder and prin­ acterized the People's Assembly as a can accept this, or still less, be grati­ dated these demands. On August 28, cipal leader of the Tupamaro guer­ 'masquerade' dreamed up by the 'ul­ fied by it. This is why the regional it issued the following demands: rilla movement, was shot and cap­ traleft,' which allegedly wanted to leadership of the SP and the other "(a) Immediate readjustment of tured September 1. deny arbitrarily the presence of the UP parties have repeatedly appealed wages and salaries by 100 percent to An official announcement said that people in the government." to the Communists to come into the cover the increase in the cost of living, Sendic and two other guerrillas were Pereda da Rosa argued that the Peo­ assembly." with preference given to the most poor­ discovered in an old house in Monte­ ple's Assembly did not challenge the Allende followed up the attacks of ly paid workers. Readjustment of video's port area in a 1:00 a.m. raid authority of the government but pro­ the CP, launching a violent denuncia­ wages every time the cost of living by a combined force of policemen and posed ''by organizing the masses to tion of the People's Assembly in a rises more than 5 percent. It is to be soldiers. The capture represents an offer a solution to the most acute statement issued July 31. He seemed understood that this does not limit important victory for the police and problems facing the working people to have borrowed his style of argu­ the legitimate struggle of the workers army, which joined forces last April every day, problems which the peo­ ment from his allies: in a concerted effort to wipe out the to win increasing shares of the profits ple's government is prevented from "For the second time in three months guerrilla movement. from their bosses. Moreover, we call dealing with effectively by the existing in the province of Concepcion a divi­ Sendic's condition was reported as for establishing state outlets at which state institutions." He denied that the sionist phenomenon has developed, critical in the military hospital where the basic necessities would be sold body was an "artificial creation," disrupting the unity of the Unidad he was taken to undergo surgery for at subsidized prices, giving preference pointing to the popular support it had Popular movement. I do not hesitate his wounds. "Police sources indicated to the poorest strata who lack stable won. to characterize it as a deformed pro­ that Sendic will not lose the ability employment. "Besides the support of the four UP cess that is aiding the enemies of the to speak, although he will possibly "(b) Workers' control in the com­ parties already mentioned (the SP, PR, revolutionary cause.... " be disfigured by the wounds he suf­ panies of the private sector, on the MAPU, and the IC) and of the MIR, The most consistent supporters of fered in the face," according to an As­ basis of opening the books of busi­ the People's Assembly has the sup­ the People's Assembly seemed to be sociated Press dispatch in the Septem­ port of sixty unions, including the nesses and banks. Workers' manage­ ber 4 New York Spanish-language the MIR. They proposed not only to ment in state enterprises. Sindicato Unico de la Compaftia de use the assembly as a means for mo­ daily El Diario-La Prensa. A bullet Acero del Pacifico [United Organiza­ "(c) Control by the people over sup­ reportedly entered the left side of his bilizing the masses to resist rightist ply and prices, including, if necessary, tion of Pacific Steel Company work­ face, tearing out several teeth, wound­ intimidation and pressures; they also rationing of the basic necessities. This ers], the four textile workers' unions, presented a concrete program around ing his tongue, and emerging on the control should be applied by the which the assembly could organize right side. unions, the JAP [Juntas de Abaste­ This is the second time Sendic has the people to smash the power of the cimiento y Control de Precios- Sup­ bourgeoisie and the imperialists been captured since the formation of ply and Price Control Boards], neigh­ the Tupamaros in 1963. The first was and begin fighting immediately borhood groups, and other mass or­ against the reactionary sabotage of on August 7, 1970. On September 6, ganizations represented in the Local 1971, he was among 100 Tupamaros the country's economic life. Workers' Councils. who escaped from the maximum se­ "(d) The establishment of a consum­ MIR program curity Punta Carretas Prison by dig­ er market basket of basic products ging a tunnel from the prison to a The main points of the MIR pro­ whose prices would not be allowed nearby house. He had managed to gram were: to rise. Discriminatory price rises on elude the police since then. "1. Expropriation of the big indus­ those products consumed by the well­ One of the other guerrillas captured trial, commercial, and financial bour­ to-do strata. A price policy that would in the latest raid, Xenia ltte Gonzalez, geoisie. Incorporation into the nation­ effectively transfer resources from the had escaped from the women's prison alized sector of all companies with a private to the nationalized sector. in July 1971 along with thirty-seven capital of more than 14,000,000 "(e) Immediate expropriation of the other Tupamaras. escudos [the official rate is 49 escudos big wholesalers and big retail traders. Since mid-April, when a state of per US$1; the black-market rate is "(f) Expropriation of the industrial emergency was declared and a virtual 200]. Unconditional defense of the big bourgeoisie. Only the people can war launched against the Tupamaros, confiscations, interventions, and na­ produce for the people. more than 1,000 guerrillas have been tionalizations already carried out. "(g) Expropriation of ranches of captured and twenty have been re­ "2. Expropriation without compen­ more than forty hectares without leav­ ported killed. Hundreds of weapons, sation and in the shortest time possible ing any 'reserves' or loopholes, with caches of supplies, and hideot

On June 4 Yosif Brodsky, thirty-two, few veiled criticisms of the Soviet bu­ a very good one. The prosecution a Soviet poet well known in the West, reaucracy. then marched a number of its wit­ left the Soviet Union under pressure In February 1964 he was brought nesses before the stand. They repeated from the secret police (KGB). The to trial in Leningrad on the charge the charges that Brodsky was a "para­ same day, he sent a letter to Leonid of "vagrancy and parasitism." The site" and a "corrupting influence" on Brezhnev requesting his right to re­ judge was openly hostile, as indicated young people. The verdict was no turn and continue writing in the Soviet in the trial transcript: surprise. Union. Brodsky The exact course of events leading Judge: Prisoner Brodsky, what is your Sent to a state farm near Archangel, up to Brodsky's forced exile are not profession? he worked as a carrier of manure, Brodsky: I am a poet. I suppose ... his physical and mental health rapid­ yet known, but should be so shortly, Judge: We don't want any 'I suppose' ly deteriorating owing to the cold and forced to since he will move to the U.S. as a in this court. Stand up straight and stop writer in residence at the University leaning against the wall. In future you the severe conditions. Fortunately, in of Michigan this year. His friends sim­ will face the court and answer the ques­ October 1965, he was pardoned and leave ply say that he was told to leave the tions properly. Do you have any per­ released under pressure from his fel­ country and that he had no hopes manent employment? low writers and intellectuals. Arriving of getting permission to return. Brodsky: I thought that was permanent in Moscow, he was greeted by Yev­ employment. Y osif Brodsky first received inter­ geny Yevtushenko and other young Soviet Union Judge: Answer the question properly. literary figures of the capital. national notoriety in 1964 when a Brodsky: I write poems. I thought they Although he continued to write his By Ernest Harsch transcript of his trial was published were going to be published. I suppose ... in the West thanks to Frida Yigdor­ Judge: We're not interested in what you "decadent" and "corrupting" poetry, "We Negroes, we poets, ova, a member of the Leningrad Writ­ suppose. Tell us why you refused to work. none of his work has yet been pub­ in whom the planets splash, ers' Union. A slander campaign be­ Brodsky: I did work. I wrote poems. lished in the Soviet Union, except as Judge: Who recognized you as a poet? lie like sacks full of legends and gan against him in November 1963 samizdat. The recent blow against stars ... Who gave you the authority to call your­ in an article in the Evening Lenin­ self a poet? him by the Soviet bureaucrats indi­ grad entitled "A semiliterary parasite," cates that they still consider him dan­ "Trample upon us Brodsky: No one. Who gave me the and you kick the firmament, which charged him with corrupting authority to enter the human race? gerous. It also indicates an ominous The whole universe howls the youth and writing anti-Soviet poet­ A number of experts testified in his turn by those who would like to see beneath your boot!" ry. Actually, most of his poetry is behalf that Brodsky worked as a po­ art and literature serve nothing but -Andrei Voznesensky apolitical, although he does make a et and translator and, indeed, was the interests of the bureaucracy. o

generals on charges of committing olutionists and seek to arrest them­ February 1970 students initiated a murder, attempting to subvert the and the cold-blooded murder of rev­ massive bus boycott that lasted for state, and membership in an armed olutionists by the police under guise three days. The shah backed down Iran revolutionary organization. of self-defense. and rescinded the fare increase. "My comrades and I have accepted On August 13 a high police official The government blamed the bus living dangerously because we could was assassinated in Teheran. This strike on a handful of miscreants who not passively participate in maintain­ was but the latest of many similar "misled" the workers. Twenty persons Shah's regime ing crying social injustices in Iran," assassinations in the last two years, were arrested. The workers were or­ Rezai told the court, according to the according to the chief of the national dered to go back to work or face August 30 Le Monde. police. losing their jobs. Early in the morn­ The shah's press reported that Meh­ On August 27 a different type of ing of August 28, 400 army men condemns di Rezai was captured on May 6 after action occurred in Teheran. For the and 400 government employees were a shoot-out with the police during first time in many years the bus driv­ being used to drive the buses, ac­ which his comrade, Habib Rahbari, ers and their assistants went on a cording to Ettelaat. student; faces and a policeman were killed. The po­ general strike. The action was initiated The Teheran daily Kay han said that lice claim that Rezai and Rahbari by some drivers who brought their the regime was planning to mobilize started shooting when the police buses to a halt. It was opposed by the 5,000 military and government em­ bus strike stopped them in a Teheran street. so-called representatives of the work­ ployees to drive the buses. Rezai told the court that he did not ers, and apparently it started without By Javad Sadeeg intentionally kill the policeman. His their knowledge. The strike was im­ The shah's military can engage in pistol went off accidentally when he mediately declared illegal by the gov­ shoot-outs with small forces and can was tripped by the cops. On August 27 the shah's regime ernment. The bus system is reported certainly decree death sentences to be brought a nineteen-year-old university In the last few months the Teheran to transport a total of 1,200,000 per­ carried out by firing squads. But ob­ student to trial before a military tri­ press has reported the bombing of sons a day. This is the city's sole viously they cannot easily provide bunal in Teheran which condemned government buildings, street shoot­ means of public transport. transportation for Teheran's working him to death the next day. Mehdi outs with the police- which the police The government does not dare raise people, or imprison all the bus driv­ Rezai was convicted by the impatient claim occur when they trap the rev- bus fares. When they were raised in ers even if they go on an illegal strike.

Argentina

In our September 11 issue, In­ news from inside the USSR, sub­ Guards opened fire, say tercontinental Press will carry the scribe to Intercontinental Press. full text of the oppositionist leat~ let which was recently circulateo in Moscow. surviving Trelew victims Intercontinental Press has the Since the massacre at the Trelew such, however, that the government most complete coverage of the anti­ air base in Patagonia on August 22, drew back. bureaucratic movement in the when a marine guard unit opened fire The three survivors have now re­ USSR and Eastern Europe of any on a group of nineteen captured guer­ vealed the truth about the massacre American periodical. A few rillas, killing thirteen outright and to civil-liberties attorneys, who were examples: badly wounding six others, three of described somewhat ambiguously in e The complete transcript of the whom died a few days later, Argen­ a September 10 London Times dis­ trial of Vladimir Bukovsky. tine journalists have been asking patch as '1awyers, all of whom de­ e Frequent reprints from the more and more questions about the fend political prisoners." Soviet official press and from government's story that the prisoners The account summarized a state­ samizdat publications. were killed "trying to escape." ment by the lawyers: e Regular articles and analysis Different versions of the slaughter "Six Argentine lawyers have charged of the important events of the were put out by the chairman of the that naval guards opened fire 'sud­ movement. denly and without the slightest inci­ joint chiefs of staff and the marine If you want to keep up with the VLADIMIR BUKOVSKY officer who commanded the guard at dent' on imprisoned left-wing guer­ the air base, the latter assigning him­ rillas who had been paraded at 3:30 --.------·------self a heroic role in the events. a.m. on Aug. 22 at a Patagonian Name ______Intercontinental Press naval base. P. 0. Box 116 The government did not report the "When the prisoners attempted to es­ Address ______Village Station testimony of the three survivors. It cape the fire by retreating into their New York, N.Y. 10014 was feared that the Lanusse regime cells, naval officers pursued them, fir­ Cicy______( ) Enclosed is $15 for one year. would quietly do away with them, ing their pistols, the lawyers said. ( ) Enclosed is $7.50 for six months. saying that they had died from their They dismissed the official version of State _____ Zip _____ ( ) Enclosed is 50¢ for Sept. 11 issue. wounds. The popular clamor was the incident ... as 'completely false.'" The Lavelle case= Who's kidding By DICK ROBERTS Hersh continues the Times analysis, : military officers that Hanoi might · It was in the morning paper. In fact SEPT. 20-Did "unauthorized" U. S. "The over-all goal of the operation, soon be sending MIG fighters against the Times had emphatically stressed air raids on North Vietnam "sabotage" General Lavelle testified, was to de­ American planes over Laos. Three at- · the same message three days earlier negotiations between Washington and stroy runways and parked MIG's. One tacks this week were against southern in an editorial, just after the supposed­ Hanoi last winter? That's the main specific objective was the destruction provinces of North Vietnam-Dong­ ly unauthorized strikes. question in the Lavelle case. of a MIG that had been photographed hoi, Vinh and Quanglang. This editorial in the Nov; 11 Times i According to General John\ Lavelle's on the ground at Donghoi airfield. . . . "Informed sources said the strikes was entitled "Last Chance for Peace." original version, between November "Under the rules at the time, the were intended as a warning to Hanoi It stated, "It is in Hanoi's interest to . 1971 and March 1972 he ordered on North Vietnamese airplane had to that the United States would not hesi­ terminate the American involvement his own about 20 bombing strikes take off and exhibit intentions 'hostile' tate to bomb the airports and MIG's before November 1972. American air against North Vietnam that went be­ to pilots before it could be engaged in on the ground if they became more operations continue at a high level, . yond the bounds prescribed by the combat. ... active." . despite ground force reductions. There Pentagon concept of "protective reac­ "Both General Abrams and Admiral I underlined the last paragraph be­ have been more than seventy raids tion." Moorer have denied knowing that the cause it's the key one. The message against North Vietnam this year." In this same period, it was later re­ raids were to be anything more than from "informed sources" (meaning Nixon's message to Hanoi in 1971 vealed, secret talks were taking place officially sanctioned 'protective reac­ either the Pentagon or the White was no different from today: Either between White House strategist Henry tion' strikes-that is, a United States House) was that the United States bend to terms acceptable to the United Kissinger and top Hanoi official Le response to North Vietnamese threats would bomb MIGs on the ground and States or we will bomb you indefinite­ Due Tho. These collapsed after the to American planes." without hesitation. ly. This is the message that Lavelle supposedly unauthorized attacks be­ So the whole question seems to be Under these circumstances, whatever got from Abrams and Moorer. And gan. whether U. S. bombers were supposed Lavelle actually did was completely it was Nixon's policy of stepping up Military actions apparently cut to strike the airfield before or after academic to the negotiations in Ha­ the air war that Hanoi responded to. across diplomatic objectives. "At stake the MIGs took off, and this is sup­ noi. The message to Hanoi was con­ New York Times columnist Tom . . . is the relationship between civil posed to be the point upon which the tained in a prominent article in the Wicker perhaps hit the most important authority and the military," the New very relations between the military New York Times. lesson of the Lavelle business in his York Times declared in an editorial and the bourgeois state are teetering. Now for the sake of argument let's Sept. 19 column: "Whatever the facts Sept. 17. But that wasn't really the main ques­ suppose that the "informed sources" finally show, the Lavelle affair raises Now Lavelle has testified in secret tion. How do I know? I read it in the were in the Pentagon, not the White in the sharpest way the question why before the Senate Armed Services New York Times. Here is the Times House._ At the same moment the Pen­ either the civilian or the military Committee. He has claimed !4cat Gen­ account of the raids that appeared 'in tagon is espousing one line, Nixon spokesmen of this Administration eral Creighton Abrams, prospective its Nov. 14, 1971, issue-that is, was engaged in critical secret diplo­ should be accepted at face value when Army chief of staff, and Admiral before the negotiations fell through: macy with Hanoi. I}' the Times mes­ they say that American planes are not Thomas Moorer, chairman of the "[U.S.] planes have also stepped up sage was inaccurate, that is, if the bombing the Red River dike system Joint Chiefs of Staff, knew what he strikes against antiaircraft sites in White House did not favor taking a in North Vietnam. . . . was up to. Abrams has testified that North Vietnam with five 'protective tough stand on bombing the MIGs, "Even more clearly, the Lavelle af­ this is not true. reaction' . attacks this week alone. The it would most likely have demanded fair suggests that Hanoi has even less And a ~ergeant has testified that command said that the strikes were in a retraction from the Times. No such reason than the American people to more than 200 pilots and senior of­ retaliation for 'hostile acts' by the retraction occurred./ trust official American statements. ficers spent six weeks in an Air Force antiaircraft. You didn't need the CIA or Army They knew right along that those 'pro­ unit in Thailand faking classified re­ "Behind some of the strikes, how­ Intelligence to find out what Lavelle tective reaction' raids were no such ports to cover up the strikes. General ever, is the growing concern among was up to, nor even Henry Kissinger. thing.. ; ." ' Lavelle's former top aide, Major Gen­ eral Alton D. Slay, testified from a 'Airman Third Class, •it ~~s6_.Li.ute.m, f!t•t s.om.e,--•. hospital in Denver (shades of Dita we ..have ci liHie. haa ~n falsrfyulfl bombang Beard and ITT!) that he had author­ probiem •••• . records • • ·' ized these falsifications under Lavelle's I orders. What are we to make of this? The I most important of the "unauthorized" strikes took place first. Seymour Hersh, the Times correspondent who first exploded the Lavelle affair, wrote in a Sept. 18 analysis: "The attacks, on three North Vietnamese airfields on Nov. 7 and 8, 1971, were ordered by General Lavelle, who testified that he had discussed the raids and re­ ceived approval for them with both ' .• • • arid we'd Uke you General Abrams and Adm. Thomas to· take the biame H. Moorer . . . Moorer was in Sai­ f~r It, Maior • • • ok? 'You're a real sport, Colonel!;· gon on an inspection trip at the time." These are the most significant raids because they preceded the collapse of the Kissinger-Tho talks. On Nov. 17, I I Hanoi informed Washington that Le Due Tho was ill, but a lesser official, Xuan Thuy, could meet with Kissinger. On Nov. 19, Washington responded that "no point would be served by a meeting." (Congressional Record, June 14, 1972, p. S 9312.) Phila. teachers, parents picket city hall By CARL FRANK agreed to return to work for six weeks during the past week. ported Mayor Rizzo in the last elec­ PHILADELPHIA, Sept. 19 - Most under the terms of the old contract, Five hundred chanting protesters, tion. Rizzo believes that police are of the school strikes across the nation: the school board refused. An uncer­ mainly teachers, marched outside a more important than teachers and has have been settled with teachers seri­ tain long-term financial situation and board of education meeting earlier this recently proposed that schools be ously compromising their original de­ an immediate shortage of cash are week. Another 500, primarily from placed in the same physical plants as maitds. But in Philadelphia, the Fed­ motivating factors for the school dis­ the Black community, attended a city police stations. · eration of Teachers ( PF T) and the trict's intransigence. council meeting later in the week. Community and parent picket lines school board remain deadlocked on Because the district collects its taxes are a daily occurrence outside city the issues of working conditions and and most subsidies in the spring, the The demonstrators jammed the hall. Regular political confrontations salaries. schools have to borrow to pay their chambers in city hall and loudly de­ with protesters and city administrators In its third week, with no apparent bills through the fall and winter. "H manded · an end to the school strike. also occur inside the city hall corri­ progress in negotiations, this strike the· ,strike were settled now, we'd be Tempers at the session ran so high dors. is already the longest labor dispute in a lot of trouble," said Board Presi­ that the council closed the regular 'At the stormy city council meeting, involving municipal employees in the dent Ross. With the schools closed, meeting and moved to an adjacent Councilman Isadore Bellis was round­ city's history. The deadlock hinges the ·entire system has managed to room to discuss the situation in pri­ ly booed when he took the floor to on working conditions. The school avoid insolvency. vate. say, "The schools are closed because board seeks to lengthen the working For Philadelphia school children, Although the Black community has the teachers are on strike and not be­ day for high school teachers and to however, 1972 might well be the end­ no special sympathy for the union cause of any negligence on the part increase class size. It also wants to less summer. As a result of the stand­ itself, concern and anger is focusing of the city council." eliminate at least 500 teaching posi­ still, temp~s are beginning to fray more and more directly on the city Other council members were more tions and several hundred parapro­ and many parents, Black community adtninistration and Mayor Frank warmly received. Charles Durham ar­ fessional personnel. organizations, and students are Rizzo in particular. gued, "H we can find money to send Although the union, at the request mounting pressure on the board. Sig­ Indeed, history has returned to people to the moon, it should be easy of student and community leaders, nificant demonstrations have occurred haunt the teachers union, which sup- to find money to teach our children."

THE MILITANT/SEPTEMBER 29, 1972 13 ( 840,000 Socialists fight D.C. election board for right to be on ballot WASHINGTON, D. C., Sept. 15- The. ters from D. C. citizens protesting the asked il' the FBI had ever come to the Socialist ...YV orkers Party announced board's action in attempting to rule board for the petitions. Her answer here today that it would fight in the the SWP off the ballot. The signers­ was not allowed as evidence· by the courts against any attempts to keep included Charles Cassell, D. C. school board, which ruled repeatedly that no its presidential ticket off the Wash­ board member; Dr. Barbara Roberts, mention of the FBI had any relevance 22,2Q5 ington, D. C., ballot. SWP vice-presi­ national coordinator, Women's Na­ to the issues of the hearing. dential candidate Andrew Pulley said tional AbortioR Action Coalition; Abe In his summary, the board's counsel the SWP is considering legal action to Bloom, chairman, Washington Area argued again that the SWP should be keep the D. C. board of elections from Peace. Action Coalition; Betty Nya­ kept off the ballot. In presenting evi­ turning petitions over to the Federal gani, Howard University , professor; dence that the courts had often ap­ Bureau of Investigation. and others. proved random samples, he cited At hearings held yesterday and Judy Baumann, national secretary of 3: long passage from a decision invplv­ today on the petitions submitted by the Committee for Democratic Election ing a shoe company's money matters. the party for the 1972 ballot, the SWP Laws ( CoDEL), testified that many of "We are not talking about shoes charged that the FBI copied petitions the signatures invalidated by the here," countered Jerry Gordon in his 11,133 nominating SWP candidates in 1971. board should have been counted. She rebuttal, "but aoout First Amendment On June 27 the SWP filed 26,507 demonstrated that the signatures of rights. If we are to allow a party to signatures nominating its presidential some registered voters were arbitrarily be kept off the ballot on the basis slate. This was more than twice the disqualified. She also presented evi­ of a random survey, where will it requirement. The board of elections dence proving that the "forgery" charge end? Will you then suggest that the notified the SWP Aug. 31 that a was false and was a fishing expedition ballots be counted by a r!lndom random survey of 400 signatures on the part of the board. sample as well?" indicated there were qot enough Chuck Petrin, coordinator of Young A decision is expected within a week. registered voters on the petitions. The Socialists for Jenness and Pulley in If the SWP is ruled off the ballot, board also notified the SWP that 25 Washington, D. C., testified that he had the decision will be appealed to the signatures considered "questionable" been told by board of elections em­ Superior Court. The Committee for had been turned over to the D. C. ployees that the FBI had asked to Democratic Election Laws has pledged police. copy the 1971 SWP petitions. His its co:d'tinued efforts to seek support At the hearings the SWP objected_ testimony was corroborated by an em- for the SWP' s ballot rights and to as­ strenuously to the tactics of the board. . ployee who shook her head "yes" when sist in any legal challenges. Represented by attorneys Michael Smith and Jerry Gordon, the SWP argued that a party could not be ruled off a ballot on the basis of a random survey, and that turning signatures Jenness-Pulley over to the police had a "chilling ef­ fecf' on free speech. campaign The board presented a number of witnesses, including a statistician who developed the sampling method used, Matching Fund and a police handwriting expert, who testified that a majority of the signa­ tures on petitions he examined were forged. 1 Matching In presenting the case of the SWP, attorneys Gordon and Smith intro­ duced Andrew Pulley. The vice-· Fund gains presidential candidate said the SWP was meeting ballot status requirements in 30 states, and that in no ,instance '.momentum had the party been ruled off a ballot AHorney Jerry Gordon arguing for SWP at hearings held on socialists' A total of $707.50 was received on the basis of insufficientsignatures; nominating petitions for D. C. ballot. At left is CoDEL national secre­ during the last week in contribu­ _Pulley gave the board copies of let- tary Judy Baumann. tions to the Socialist Workers Campaign Matching Fund. Cam­ paign supporters in Denver do­ nated $200, and many small con­ tributions came in to the national campaign office as the early re­ Ohio SWP candidate debates sponse to a mailing requesting donations for the Matching Fund. However, the total amount of supporters of CP, Dems, GOP the contributions received lastweek was still below the average of ByJOEKEAR five different economic plans in the don't satisfy you on the Mideast, Viet­ more than $1,000 a week needed CLEVELAND- Representatives of the course of his campaign . . . at least nam, and labor ... vote Com­ to successfully complete the -drive Democratic, Republican, Socialist with President Nixon you know what munist." by Nov. 7. All contributions to Workers, and Communist presidential you are getting." . Scherr scored both Nixon and Mc­ the campaign up to a total of campaigns confronted each other Sept. The coordinator of CWRU Students Govern, explaining that they "refuse $20,000 will be matched by sev­ 4 at a debate before 200 people here for McGovern, Guy. Laughlin, com­ to stand on their records, but ask for eral campaign supporters. at Case Western Reserve University plained in his presentation that the one more chance for the Republican While the Jenness-Pulley cam­ (CWRU). news media portray McGovern as and Democratic parties." paign is not trying to compete · "It is unfortunate that this debate more radical than he really is: "Mc­ with the capitalist parties in the couldn't' take place among the can­ Govern is the conservative, not Nixon Scherr attacked the idea that Mc­ area of fund raising, tens of thou­ didates themselves, but at this time ... [McGovern] is calling for a re­ Govern is a "lesser evil" in the 1972 sands of dollars are still needed both Nixon and McGovern are sup­ turn to traditional values." elections: "Over the past decade every for our activities. porting legislation to remove minority Laughlin said that McGovern's pro­ president has been elected as a peace party candidates from protection un­ posed troop reductions are equivalent candidate. . . . ;.,e should learn a les­ ( ) I can contribute $--to the der the federal equal-time provisions," to levels President Eisenhower recom­ son from the Johnson-Goldwater cam­ $40.000 Matching Fund. noted Robbie Scherr in. her opening mended, and that McGovern's eco­ paign . . . there is no guarantee on remarks. nomic proposals would only close tax McGovern." Scherr, who represented the SWP loopholes that "do not serve a useful Reminding the audience1 of McGov­ (------· ) I can contribute $ __ in three campaign of Linda Jenness and An­ purpose." ern's position that abortion laws monthly installments (Sept., Oct.,· drew . Pulley at the debate, is the So­ Calling it "practical politics," Laugh­ should be left up to each state, *herr and Nov.) cialist Workers candidate for U.S. lin defended the Democratic nominee's asked whether the Democratic nomi­ Congress from Ohio's 23rd C. D. She maneuvers to defeat the abortion and Name ______nee would have taken the same stand is also a member of the Young So­ gay rights planks at the Democratic on slavery laws more than a century cialist Alliance. convention. ago. Address ______~~- Mark Freedman, head of the Cuya­ "McGovern takes-progressive stands Both Scherr and Laughlin pledged hoga County Young Voters for the on the war and taxes, but monopoly to continue their work in the CWRU Cicy ______President, countered criticism of the control is pressuring him from the Student Mobilization Committee in Republican Party ITT (International right," stated Carl Adelman, spokes­ support of the Oct. 26 and Nov. 18 State----~-- Zip ___ Telephone and Telegraph) scandal by man for the Communist Party cam­ demonstrations against the war in citing "the $1.22-million in phone priv­ paign of Gus Hall and Jarvis Tyner. Southeast Asia. Clip and mail to: Socialist Work­ ileges ITT contributed to the Demo­ Adelman said, "We should fight for Following the debate, 12 people at­ ers Campaign Committee, 706 cratic convention in Miami." · [McGovern] to support the 1948 tended a "Join the YSA" meeting. Broadway, Eighth Floor, New Freedman attacked McGovern for United Nations .resolution on the Mid­ Cleveland radio station WERE an­ York, N.Y. 10003. being inconsistent, saying that the dle East . . . and other issues." He nounced plans to broadcast a tape of Democratic candidate "has unveiled concluded: "If McGovern's positions the debate on Sept. 18.

14 SWP pushes drive to gain ballot status drew Pulley. Knapp contended that make it very difficult to appeal an un­ Minnesota Idaho the SWP has shown more interest in favorable verdict. The SWP is consider­ By DAVID WELTERS By NORTON SANDLER Idaho voters than any candidate of ing legal action to force the judge to MINNEAPOLIS, Sept. 16 -At a pro­ BOISE, Idaho, Sept. 18-Idaho Sec­ the Democratic or Republican par- make a rulin~. test rally here today, Socialist Workers retary of State Pete Cenarrusa has re­ ties. senatorial candidate Mary Hillery treated from his threat to keep the So­ charged Secretary of State Arlen cialist Workers Party off the Novem­ Ohio National Erdahl with denying Minnesotans the ber ballot. In a letter to the SWP dated By JUDY UHL Arizona filing Sept. 22 "right to choose their representatives Sept. 14, Cenarrusa said: "I wish to SEPT. 18 -Absentee ballots mailed to Colorado certified from a full slate of candidates." inform you that the Socialist Workets Ohio voters last week contained the Delaware litigation Erdahl is attempting to bar Hillery, Party enjoys ballot status in the state names of Linda Jenness and Andrew Washington, D. C. filed; litigation 25, from the ballot on the basis of a of Idaho." Pulley, the Socialist Workers Party can­ likely state law prohibiting candidates under Cenarrusa had earlier attacked the didates for president and vice­ Florida filed; not yet cer- 30 from running for U.S. Senate. Hill­ SWP, charging that it failed to par­ president. Jenness and Pulley have filed tified ery has taken her case to the ticipate fully in the state primary. He suit in federal district court to over­ Idaho certified Minnesota Supreme Court, where her alleged that Idaho taxpayers were turn Ohio Secretary of State Ted lllinois litigation attorneys presented initial arguments forced to foot the bill for a ballot Brown's decision to bar them from Indiana certified Sept. 14 to Supreme Court Justice bearing only the name of the SWP, the ballot because they are "underage." Iowa certified James Otis. that the SWP had presented no can­ Brown's office has indicated that any Kentucky certified "By enforcing the age requirement," didates to the voters, and that no votes cast for the SWP candidates will Louisiana filed; litigation Hillery told the rally, "the secretary votes for the SWP had been counted. not be counted if the court upholds likely of state is denying me the basic right Nina · Knapp, SWP candidate for the secretary of state's ruling. Massachusetts certified to campaign, publicize my views in state senate from Idaho's 18th Leg­ Two county boards have already Michigan certified the media, and collect the votes of islative District, blasted Cenarrusa's printed November ballots listing Jen­ Minnesota certified those who support me." charges. She explained to the news ness and Pulley. The Hamilton County Mississippi filed; not yet cer- Striking down Minnesota's age re­ media that a new party is not re­ board (Cincinnati) said it would cross tified striction, she stated, would be "a vic­ quired to field candidates in a pri­ the names off or lock that column of New Hampshire not yet filed tory for all young people who. wish mary and that the SWP presidential the voting machines if the court rules New Jersey certified to run for office." The effect of this ticket had been nominated at a con­ against Jenness and Pulley. New Mexico filed; not yet cer­ restriction is that the 225,000 young vention held in Idaho in June. The Montgomery County board tified Minnesotans who are now eligible to However, Knapp herself was an (Dayton) said it would probably allow New York filed; not yet cer- vote "are denied the right to vote for SWP candidate in the primary. She people to vote for the SWP candidates tified their peers," Hillery continued. reported that she had cast a vote for but the votes would not be counted if North Dakota certified A decision by Justice Otis is expected herself, and that in her opinion, the the court rules Jenness and Pulley off Ohio litigation within two weeks. The secretary of failure to record any votes for the the ballot. Pennsylvania certified state has already certified Bill Peter­ SWP in the primary was proof that The secretary of state's office said Rhode Island certified son, the SWP candidate for U. S. Con­ the board of elections, not the SWP, it may print a special sticker to be South Dakota certified gress from the 5th C. D., and the SWP was disinterested in the elections. placed over the names of Jenness and Tennessee litigation presidential ticket of Linda Jenness Knapp also explained that in every Pulley if the court decision bars them Texas certified and Andrew Pulley. month since the SWP was certified for from the ballot. Utah litigation The Committee for Democratic ballot status, a national representative In the meantime, the federal district Vermont certified Election Laws (CoDEL) is support­ of the SWP has been in Idaho, in­ court judge has not yet handed down Washington filing Sept. 19 ing Hillery's fight for ballot status. cluding vice-presidential candidate An- a decision. His delaying action will Wisconsin certified _•71 Socialist Campaign Unfair campaign pledge Larry Seigle In the mail last week there was a present "my record and policies with have to say, "We are the candidates access to radio or TV -in fact it letter from Samuel Archibald, execu­ sincerity and frankness." We thought of the capitalist class, which rules doesn't guarantee that opponents of tive director of the Fair Campaign Tricky Dick and George would both America. Our differences of opinion the Democrats and Republicans will Practices Committee, Inc. Mr. Archi­ have trouble with that one. Two "peace represent differing views on how best get any time at all on the air. bald was soliciting our signature on candidates"-one has waged war for to maintain that class in power, and Mr. Archibald, your letter was sent the "Code of Fair Campaign Practices." the past four years, and the other has while it is in power, to secure to it to the wrong address. You should "Signing the Code is not only good voted him the funds with which to do the greatest possible accumulation of send a copy to Richard Nixon, in politics," Mr. Archibald writes, "it has it. But, after all, in America "sincerity" wealth at the expense of the class that care of John or Martha Mitchell, Mau­ is a relative thing. Nobody's "pure." sound educational value." He thinks is not in power. Our bipartisan foreign rice Stans, or Bernard L. Barker. Point Two affirms the "right of every we could get favorable notice in local qualified American voter to full and policy is designed to maintain the rule Also, send one to McGovern, with news outlets by announcing our re­ equal participation in the electoral of our class in other countries and to copies to his friends Richard Daley .jeetion of unfair practices. in Chicago and to his mentor LBJ process." But what about the right of restore it to power where it has been socialists to participate? How can we removed." at the ranch. Oh yes, and please send Larry Seigle is the national cam­ participate if we can't get on the bal­ Since no such statement has been is­ one to Ted W. Brown in Columbus, paign manager of the Socialist lot? sued, we figure that they haven't yet Ohio. signed the oath. The whole thing be­ Workers Party 1972 election cam­ And what about young people who want to run for office, like Linda Jen­ gan to look more and more like a paign. ness and Andrew Pulley? But maybe trap. Nixon and McGovern think that "qual­ The next point was the clincher. It In addition, as if we weren't already ified Americans" means those people says that the signer "shall condemn sufficiently motivated, Mr. Archibald who want to vote for Nixon or Mc­ any appeal to prejudice based on race, promises to send us a sheet with copies Govern and would be able to sign creed, or national origin." Nixon and of the Fair Campaign Symbol, a hand the Code on that basis. Still, the Code McGovern-with their jingoistic ap­ upraised in the .oath-taking position began to look a little fishy. peals of support to Israel's aggres­ with the words "Fair Campaign sion, their kowtowing to the Alabama Pledge." The symbol is for use in news­ Point Three renounces "personal vili­ segregationist George Wallace, their paper and TV ads. fication and character defamation." We chauvinism about keeping America We were pleased to see the names had to think about this one. Nixon "the most powerful country in the of Eisenhower, Truman, and LBJ as and McGovern look good on . this world," and their support to Wash­ honorary members of this sterling or­ point. Mter all, the nasty things they ington' s right to send troops any­ ganization. If anybody ever needed to say about each other are generally where in the world-could hardly take the pledge, they did. true. And when Nixon accuses Mc­ commit themselves to this high-sound­ But before we put our name to such Govern of being a "radical," that's ing pledge. weighty documents, we are in the habit not a slander of McGovern, it's a Where would the Democrats and Re­ ,of looking around to make sure we vilification of radicals. publicans be if they couldn't rely on aren't sticking our necks out. Mter Within the bounds of honesty, we racism, anticommunism, and Ameri­ all, if there's one thing we've learned could continue to label both capitalist can chauvinism to stay in power? in the course of this campaign, it's candidates as liars, racists, and im­ No. The Code of Fair Campaign that politics can be a dirty business. perialist politicians. No impartial Practices is a fraud. It's another one It's a triumph-or-be-conquered game, judge could ever fault us for that. of those little tricks used to make Militant/Ellen Lemisch and somebody's always out to trip up Point Four pledges us to forgo the Americans believe that elections are SWP campaign supporters in the naive or unsuspecting. "use of campaign material ... which fair and democratic. Like the election New York City picketed NBC on "Why aren't Nixon and McGovern laws, which purport to guarantee an misrepresents, distorts, or otherwise Sept. 12 to protest the network's listed as signatories?" we wondered. falsifies the facts regarding any can­ open ballot, but whose real intent and So we took another, more careful didate." Nixon and McGovern both effect is to restrict the ballot to cap­ denial of equal time to Linda Jen­ look at the seven-point code. get stuck here. italist candidates·. Or the "equal time" ness. NBC claimed Jenness was Point One commits the signers to If they signed the oath, they would law, which doesn't guarantee equal 'too young' to run for president.

THE MILITANT/SEPTEMBER 29, 1972 15 1,000 at Michigan rally support Daily referendum for right to abortion World on ANN ARBOR, Mich., Sept. 18 -Near­ than 300,000 signatures of registered A recent Detroit Free Press poll in­ ly 1,000 women and men attended a voters on petitions. The state requires dicated that 64 percent of those re­ spirited kickoff rally here last night 212,000 valid signatures to place a sponding were in favor of abortion teacher for the campaign to pass Proposal B, referendum on the ballot. law repeal. This is roughly the same the Michigan abortion referendum. Ze­ figure obtained by the Gallup poll ro Population Growth sponsored the in a national sample in August. parley event. "A Sept. 14 poll of BOO Detroit area Proposal B says that a licensed doc­ residents published in the Detroit News By FRANK LOVELL tor may perform an abortion on a showed growing support for Proposal There is a discrepancy between the woman up to the twentieth week of B: 57 percent of those polled favored reports in The Militant (Sept. 15) pregnancy in an approved hospital abortion law reform; 37 percent op­ and the Communist Party's Daily or clinic. The proposal will appear posed reform; and 6 percent were un­ World (Aug. 31) of the American on the Nov. 7 Michigan ballot. decided. Forty-four percent of the Federation of Teachers (AFT) con­ Those who came to the rally stayed Catholics polled, and 45 percent of vention held in St. Paul, Minn., Aug. until 2 a.m., in spite of a bomb threat the Blacks, supported the referendum. 21-25. that delayed the opening of the pro­ Among young people pro-abortion Both accounts agree that an im­ gram. The rally featured actress Can­ sentiment was highest. The Detroit portant action of the convention was· dice Bergen; Gloria Steinem, editor News poll showed 76 percent of the passage of a strong antiwar resolu­ of Ms. magazine; and Black feminist 18 to 20-year-olds and 67 percent tion. Both agree that the resolution Margaret Sloan. of those under 40 favored abortion was passed on the last day despite Candice Bergen hit a responsive law reform. parliamentary maneuvers by Albert chord in the audience when she said; Shanker, president of the New York "The idea that men can sit and legis­ The Detroit Women's Abortion Ac­ City local, to prevent the vote. late what women may do with their tion Coalition (DWAAC) will be ac­ Beyond these acknowledged facts, bodies is to me inconceivable!" tively working to get out the "yes" all similarity ends. Gloria Steinem emphasized that pas­ vote on the referendum. DW AAC will The DW account, written by labor sage of the Michigan referendum is be leafletting for the referendum in reporter William Allan, says, "UAC only the first step. She pointed out conjunction with the petition campaign [United Action Caucus] delegates that abortion should be freely avail­ for the Abortion Rights Act of 1972. spurred passage of the anti-war re­ able to all women, and that restric­ In late October DWAAC will sponsor solution.... " He does not mention tive contraception laws should be re­ a tribunal and debate on the abor­ the AFT Vietnam Caucus. Readers pealed. Laws that prevent voluntary tion laws at Wayne State University, of this report would not know that sterilization and laws that force steri­ as part of the national abortion law that antiwar Vietnam Caucus existed. lization against a person's will must repeal campaign. The Militant report by convention be removed from the books, she said. At the referendum rally in Ann Ar­ delegate Jeff Mackler says, "The UAC The program also included perfor­ bor, 217 people signed petitions sup­ played almost no role in the fight to _ mances of Myrna Lamb's But What porting the Abortion Rights Act, and Have You Done for Me Lately? and several women took petitions to cir­ , Woman Play, an original feminist culate. play by the Street Corner Society. Until Aug. 24, Michigan's abortion Linda Nordquist, Socialist Workers law prohibited all abortions except Party candidate for U. S. Senate, has those performed to save a woman's Militant/Debby Woodroofe stated that "The passage of the Nov. 7 life. The Michigan State Court of Ap­ abortion referendum would be a vic­ peals ruled Aug. 24 that abortions Anti-abortion groups challenged the tory for all women." Speaking for the are legal up through the third month referendum petitions in an attempt to Michigan SWP candidates, Nordquist of pregnancy, but the exact status of prevent the measure from appearing said: "We call for a 'yes' vote on the the abortion law remains unclear in on the ballot. However, state officials abortion referendum. At the same practice. If the referendum were to found more than 250,000 signatures time, we will . . . help organize for pass, it would become the state law. valid. On Sept. 8 the Michigan Su­ the total repeal of all laws restricting Between August 1971 and March preme Court ruled that the referendum a woman's right to control her own 1972, 3,000 people collected more must be placed on the ballot. body."

Canadian government forces Raoul Teilhet, California Federa­ tion of Teachers president, speaks to Vietnam Caucus at St. Paul, striking dockers back to work Minn., teachers convention. By DAN ROSENSHINE the election campaign." ment against the striking workers, More than three thousand striking The West Coast strike began with an particularly in the agricultural prairie oppose the war at this convention." British Columbia longshoremen were attempt by Vancouver longshoremen provinces. Canada has large grain He attributes adoption of the anti­ forced back to work on Sept. 2 by an to reestablish union control of the hir­ orders from China, Japan, and the war resolution to the newly formed Vietnam Caucus, which brought sev­ "emergency" bill passed by the Cana­ ing hall that dispatches workers to Soviet Union, and is now trying to dian Federal Parliament. The four­ their assignments on the docks. This extend its trade agreements with eral antiwar resolutions to the con­ week-old West Coast dock strike was practice was won in past struggles but China. vention, including the model Minne­ ended when Prime Minister Pierre Tru­ has increasingly been given up in re­ The ILWU, in an attempt to win sota Resolution of the Minnesota Fed­ deau summoned Members of Parlia­ cent ILWU contracts. It is important farmers to its side, demanded that the eration of Teachers. ment to a special session to whip because it allows the union to spread government nationalize the grain­ "More than 250 delegates formally through the back-to-work bill. the available work among all of the loading facilities and operate them un­ joined the Vietnam Caucus at the St. The striking workers, members of workers in an industry where the der a contract with the union. But Paul convention. . . . securing the the Canadian area International amount of work fluctuates. this proposal was not given very seri­ written endorsements of some 820 Longshoremen's and Warehousemen's On Aug. 7 the 600 Vancouver ous attention by Ottawa, which wanted convention delegates [a majority] for Union ( ILWU), were forced back on "steady men" (longshoremen who are to find a solution that would be in the Minnesota Resolution," writes the job until Dec. 31. The government on regular work gangs) began re­ the interests of the maritime employers. Mackler. In addition, the Vietnam Caucus action also outlawed a pending strike porting to the union, at its request, Indicative of the mood among Brit­ published its own newspaper, sold by grain workers in Western Canada for assignment to jobs on a day-to­ ish Columbia workers were the results and distributed antiwar literature at who were in negotiations. day basis. The British Columbia Mari­ of the Aug. 30 provincial elections, in its convention booth, and held wide­ If no settlements are reached by Dec. which the New Democratic Party time Employers Association refused ly attended caucus meetings, where (Canada's labor party) won 38 of 31, the longshoremen and grain work­ to hire the men through the union several leaders of the UAC and oth­ ers will be free to take strike action­ hall or even to negotiate the dispatch­ 55 provincial parliamentary seats. ers supporting the Seiden-Shanker provided there is no further federal in· center issue. The Vancouver docks The NDP will now control the British Progressive Caucus spoke. Columbia government for the first tervention against their right to strike. came to a standstill. The convention activities of the time. Within hours after the antilabor act On Aug. 23 the Canadian area Vietnam Caucus were widely re­ had been passed Trudeau announced ILWU called a strike in ports through­ An unfortunate aspect of the passage ported by the mass media. Allan of the Sept. 2 "emergency" measure that new national elections would be out British Columbia, thereby cutting was the only reporter present who was that federal NDP Members of Par­ held Oct. 30. "The announcement,' off shipments of 30 million b·.1shels apparently failed to note what was said the Vancouver daily, The Prov­ liament went along with Trudeau's of grain, most of it going to China. happening. ince, "came a little more than an hour Twenty of the 30 ships left waiting in action against the West Coast long­ after royal assent had been given to B. C. harbors were grain carriers. shoremen- only offering an amend­ legislation ending the British Colum­ The news media and the federal gov­ ment making the settlement that is bia dock strike ... which threatened ernment attempted to use the delay finally reached retroactive to the ex­ to develop into a major crisis during of grain shipments to whip up senti- piration of the last contract.

16 ··' !II PIILIDILPIII PLII liD !II S!BUIGLI POB JOBS By FRANK LOVELL The scramble for jobs in an economy based on I scarcity is continuous, devisive, and abrasive-an expression of the class struggle within capitalist society. The employing class seeks to divert atten­ tion from itself and confine the struggle for a lim­ ited number of jobs to different groups within the working class. Thus employers, school directors, political boss­ es - all representative of ruling-class interests - have in the past established "quotas" for hiring contending ethnic groups, "so that everyone" gets a fair shake and none are left out." Many employers also offer competitive examinations, "but some are naturally graded different from others." In some areas of public employment (the lower work-classifications, typists, clerks, maintenance, etc.), government agencies long ago adopted the Civil Service examination system to hire the "most qualified" for job openings. All such "standards" are ways of determining who shall not be hired because the underlying assumption is that there are and will forever be more applicants than jobs. As the job market gets tighter, more attention is paid to the old quota system, which seems to con­ flict with the old merit system, and there is a de­ bate over which is more "fair."· Each in its own way was fair for those who got hired, unfair for Seattle Black workers rally at shut-down construction site in 1970 those who got left out. The purpose of debating the relative advantages of these different hiring sys­ tors (ABC), an association of nonunion contractors With the expansion of industry and the 20-year tems is to distract attention ,from the capitalist sys­ formed eight years ago with open intentions of building boom of the 1950s and '60s the number tem that promotes and profits from chronic un­ breaking the building-trades unions. These open­ of Black workers in the construction industry did employment. shop operators never got far until the recent en­ not increase. They were systematically excluded This is behind the present squabble over the couragement from the Nixon administration. Like from the skilled trades. In the more recent years, government-imposed hiring system in the construc­ the admission policies of the unions, the hiring they have been replaced as laborers by white work­ tion industry, the "Philadelphia Plan," as it is called. practices of these operators exclude Blacks. ers. Under this plan, Black workers, who have been Despite the advantages of the Philadelphia Plan When Nixon says that "dividing Americans into systematically excluded from this industry by the from the standpoint of the employing class, it has quotas is totally alien to the American tradition," building-trades unions in collaboration with build­ become an issue in Nixon's presidential campaign Black workers know that he is talking about an­ ing contractors, are to be hired. Some have been, because it does provide some jobs for Blacks. other America from the one they know. White but not many. Those who have been hired have On Sept. 4 the New York Times reported that workers also know this is a lie. more often than not been kept out of the unions, according to sources in the Labor Department preventing them from moving on to another job and the White House, the Nixon administration The old quota system operated effectively during in the (>arne trade. had decided to scrap the Philadelphia Plan. This The "Philadelphia Plan" was a slick trick by the the years following World War II when waves of was of course immediately denied by Secretary "displaced persons" from the countries of Eastern Nixon administration to create the impression that of Labor James Hodgson. But the report sufficed Blacks would be protected in their right to em­ Europe came here under a quota system. They - for Nixon's campaign appeal to the racist prej­ also entered industry under some sort of a quota ployment in the construction industry. At the same udices of many white construction workers and tiJDe, the government sought to promote nonunion system. Regardless of what it was called or what their ignorant union officials. the understanding was, the "DP refugees from Com­ contractors. The scheme, launched in 1969, seemed Arthur Fletcher, former assistant secretary of to-obe working well in both respects. Leaders of the munist tyrrany" got preferential treatment and were labor and once in charge of administering the brought into industry under a preferential hiring Black community were kept busy finding openings Philadelphia Plan, was apparently the source of for young Blacks in apprenticeship programs and plan. Otherwise they could not have found jobs. the report. The same is true of most young white workers placing older workers on a few construction sites. Fletcher, the highest-ranking Black official ever Meanwhile, open-shop contractors were moving in today who get preferred treatment because they to serve the Nixon administration, is presently know a contractor or have relatives in the trade. on construction work that had formerly been under director of the United Negro College Fund. At union .jurisdiction, preparing to bid on federally In the construction industry a man can break in a news conference on the Philadelphia Plan con­ because he knows the right people or because he financed work. troversy he branded Hodgson's denial a subter­ Ironically, the open-shop threat to the unions is a "blue eye." In the case of nine out of 10 "steady fuge. Hodgson had said the plan is only being meri" in a construction crew there is a "protector" developed fastest in Philadelphia and has provoked "reviewed," not abandoned, which Fletcher ob­ the most widely publicized challenge from the somewhere, usually the contractor. served, "is just another code word for putting the Many excuses are offered, but the fact is that unions in thal city. Last June 22 the Philadelphia brakes on." Building and Construction Trades Council declared whites are hired, and Blacks are not. Whether it is a labor holiday and conducted a giant demon­ "quotas" or "merits" the system operates to keep Fight for jobs Blacks out. stration and seven-mile march in torrential rain of . Actually, the Philadelphia Plan, publicized by more than 40,000 buildihg tra

THE MILITANT/SEPTEMBER 29, 1972 17 -~·. sition on the elections is th~t it calls for the continued mobilization of the largest possible numbers of peopl~ independently of the Democratic and Republican parties. Unfortunately, it goes downhill from there. Guardian posit nin 1972- "We do not oppose the growing trend of those among the masses who in­ tend to vote for McGovern -just as we do not oppose any action which objectively assists the struggle of the vallad support to Me Govern Vietnamese people," say the Guardian editors. The pundits at the Guardian office are so sure that McGovern will end the war if he's elected that they By DAVE FRANKEL that time, they say, Harriman and mounted a serious bid for the Demo­ identify a mass movement against the Newspapers around the country are those like him "recognized the U. S. cratic Party presidential nomination, U.S. government and its imperialist devoting considerable space to news has suffered an historic political and using some of the same issues. In nei­ war policies with an attempt by the and analysis of the 1972 presidential military defeat in Vietnam" and has ther case is there evidence for a split ruling capitalist parties to put forward elections. The Guardian, a radical to get out in order to cut its losses. in the ruling class. a figure who can assume a position weekly published in New York, is no But Harriman was the chief -u. S. exception. Unfortunately, the editors negotiator at the Paris peace talks un­ A peace candidate? of the Guardian seem to be having der Johnson. The Paris talks were Now, in 1972, the editors of the some trouble in getting their views on initiated by Johnson after the Tet of­ Guardian are confident that if McGov­ the election across to their readers. fensive of 1968 not as a means of ern is elected he will end the war. How Since its Aug. 23 issue, when the ending U.S. intervention in Vietnam do they know? He says so. As David­ Guardian's editors finally came out but as a charade designed to placate son writes in his June 21 article, "It with their position on the elections, a popular opinion in the U. S. while can be assumed that, if elected, Mc­ spate of letters have appeared in its the war went on. Harriman, who was Govern would stop the bombing, pages. Most criticize the Guardian for in charge of the actual implementation abandon the Thieu regime and [with­ refusing to endorse George McGovern of this policy, can hardly be charac­ draw] all U.S. troops within 90 days, and to call upon its readers to join terized as leading a split in the cap- as he has stated." In its editorial of Sept. 13 the Guard­ ian correctly points out, "If words alone counted, Richard Nixon would be the 'peace candidate' in this year's election. "But in deeds he is a mass murderer. "Therein lies the contradiction for many Americans. They havepermitted Nixon's words to obscure his deeds." The Guardian fails to mention Mc­ Govern in this editorial. But shouldn't the same yardstick also be applied to him? Does McGovern's record of voting for war appropriations, the Tonkin Gulf resolution, the draft, etc., qualify him as a peace candidate? What about his refusal to speak out vigorously against the bombing of North Vietnam's dikes and Nixon's blockade of its harbors? The purpose of U.S. intervention in The Guardian refuses to back the campaign of Linda Jenness and sees Indochina is to determine what gov­ nothing wrong with people voting for McGovern. ernments and what social system will exist there. This violation of the right of the peoples of Indochina to self­ his campaign. Others have maintained italist class over the Vietnam war. determination is seen by McGovern as that the effect of the Aug. 23 article After more than two years of "end­ a tactical question. was to give backhanded support to the-war" bills, amendments and riders, It is _certainly possible that McGov­ Averell Harriman. The Guardian McGovern. What is the Guardian's "indications of the sense of the Senate," ern might end the war if elected. And believes LBJ's chief negotiator i'i'l analysis of the elections, and why has sham battles on war appropriations, if Nixon is reelected, the combination Paris wanted the U.S. to give up it provoked this confusion? and the rest of the parliamentary ma­ of military resistance on the part of in Vietnam. Carl Davidson, writing in the June neuvers designed for maximum propa­ the Vietnamese and antiwar activity 21 Guardian, holds that the war in ganda and minimum results, one within the U.S. may well force him Indochina has led to "a fundamental hardly needs the tutelage of Marx and to abandon his policy of pounding the Vietnamese into submission. of leadership and bring that move­ tactical split within the U. S. bour­ Lenin to be a little suspicious of the ment under control. geoisie." According to him, "The sec­ notion that there's a deep split in the However, suppose McGovern is elected and the military situation in While not openly endorsing George tion of the bourgeoisie now represent­ ruling class. McGovern and opposing "the partici­ ed by McGovern, since the 1968 Tet Indochina improves for the U.S.­ Confronted with the evidence of the backed dictatorships. Or suppose a pation of left activists in the McGovern offensive, has recognized that the U.S. Pentagon papers, the Guardian edi­ cdsis erupts in Cambodia or Laos. campaign apparatus," the Guardian has been defeated in Vietnam and be­ tors are forced to admit that in 1964 Or suppose the war spreads to Thai­ sees a vote for McGovern as objec­ lieves that imperialism'-s interests are Lyndon Johnson and Barry Gold­ land. Or what if Nixon's policies of tively assisting the struggle of the Viet­ best served by pulling back ...." water had the same line on Vietnam, saturation bombing and a complete namese. Since it specifically denies any In their Aug. 23 article the Guardian despite their bitter disagreement as naval blockade of North Vietnam fi­ opposition to people voting for Mc­ editors agree with this analysis. They public campaigners. But, they say, nally begin to seriously curtail the Govern, one can only conclude that claim that the aim of this group of "In 1968, the split within the ruling ability of the North to aid the struggle the Guardian's brand of independence dissident capitalists "is to liquidate the class and the popular resistance had in the South? What will McGovern do? from the capitalist parties includes vot­ involvement in Vietnam." Davidson, developed to the point of unseating As a representative of American im­ ing for the Democrats. writing in the Aug. 9 Guardian as if Johnson and building the primary perialism-and the Guardian editors We arrive at the same conclusion by he has a personal pipeline to the coun­ campaigns of Robert Kennedy and say they believe that McGovern is such following a process of elimination. The cils of the imperialist rulers, confident­ Eugene McCarthy." a representative- McGovern can be Guardian specifically advises against ly asserts that "they intend, if McGov­ First of all, the dumping of Johnson relied on to give up as little as pos­ support to the presidential tickets of ern wins the election, to withdraw from cannot be taken as supporting the sible of U.S. imperialist interests in the Socialist Workers Party, the Com­ Indochina on terms acceptable to the theory of a split in the ruling class. Southeast Asia. Many questions will munist Party, a,nd the People's Party. Indochinese." All indications are that there was near­ arise on :which McGovern has made Referring to the Raza Unida parties ly unanimous agreement on that no statements and given no promises. in the Southwest and "some black for­ Capitalist class split? - course - not the least of which is the He will evaluate each change in the mations in the South," the Guardian There is no doubt that there are fact that Johnson gave up his political situation in Indochina not from the says, "Under certain conditions, it differences of opinion on Vietnam life without a public fight. viewpoint of the Indochinese peoples' could be correct for proletarian so­ within U.S. ruling circles. Tactical dif­ No secret papers are available to right to self-determination but from cialists to support them." What this ferences constantly arise as new prob­ document the real positions of the pol­ the standpoint of making a deal in means is unclear, but it seems to im­ lems are posed. But a long-term split iticians in the 1968 elections. Lacking Vietnam that preserves as much U. S. ply that such is not the case right now. in the ranks of the capitalists-is a dif­ these, the Guardian editors take them power and influence there as possible. Clearly, the Guardian editors don't ferent matter. at their word. This is how they deter­ By giving credence to McGovern,' s want their readers to vote for Nixon, The Guardian editors point to mined that Kennedy and McCarthy campaign promises on Vietnam, the who they say must be hit "hard with Averell Harriman and former Defense were "real" antiwar candidates. In Guardian does a disservice to the anti­ the main blow." Furthermore, they Secretary Clark Clifford as represen­ point of fact, McCarthy openly de­ war movement and to the struggle to say, "The fact that we are not endors­ tative of the forces they think have a clared that his campaign was designed build a socialist alternative to the cap­ ing any national candidates in this fundamental - tactical disagreement to draw young people off of the streets italist parties. election should not be seen as a call with the majority of the capitalist class. and into the Democratic Party. for an election boycott." Since they -They believe that this split originated When Kennedy saw the response to Guardian and '72 elections come out against a boycott !lnd ape- after the Tet offensive in 1968. At McCarthy's antiwar rhetoric, he The best part of the Guardian's po- Continued on page 22

18 Obstacle to antiwar mov't ,..._ .. Hanoi's bias for McGovern By DICK ROBERTS cording to the same Louis Harris poll, "Asked Hanoi has indicated a bias toward Democratic whether they agreed more with McGovern or with Party candidate George McGovern in the U.S. Nixon in his 'approach to bringing home U. S. presidential elections. This cannot benefit the Viet­ troops, naval and air forces,' those polled chose namese struggle against U.S. imperialism. Nixon by 51 to 33." , Most of Hanoi's foreign propaganda is aimed Why? "There could hardly be a more devastating at the Nixon administration and does not com­ comment on Senator McGovern's progress in in­ ment on the McGovern campaign. However a forming the voters, much less arousing them. The recent editorial leaves no doubt where the Hanoi Vietnam war is his issue if anything is. The Ameri­ leadership stands. Apparently translated from the can public has .favored a total withdrawal for official Hanoi newspaper Nhan Da'n, the editorial years-his position-and that sentiment is at the appears in the Sept. 1-15 issue of News from peak. Yet McGovern evidently has not been able Vietnam, publication of the Association of Viet­ either to identify himself with it effectively or to namese Patriots in Canada. make the reality of what Nixon is doing in Indo­ "American and world attention is focused on the china register." obvious differences in all aspects between [the Re­ The reason is that despite what McGovern some­ publican program] and this year'selectionprogram times says about total withdrawal of U.S. forces, of the Democratic Party," the obviously rough he doesn't favor it. McGovern's failure to launch translation of the editorial states. "These dif­ an effective antiwar campaign is not an accident. ferences," it continues, "are in particularly Think of what he could do. in evidence in regard to the issues of the Vietnam With .the millions of dollars now flowing 'into war, the economy,_ finance, and foreign policy. the Democratic campaign chests, he could put spots "Regarding the Vietnam issue, the Democratic on TV across the nation hour after hour telling Party program plans to put an immediate end the truth about the daily genocidal bombing. These to the Vietnam war, by withdrawing from Indo­ could be used to help rally massive demonstra­ china all US troops within 90 days without posing tions for immediate withdrawal. This campaign any preconditions and further stopping the ex­ could be launched right now-it should have been pansion of the war from Laos and Cambodia.... launched months ago. And it would put massive The Democratic Party's program clearly states: pressure on Washington to come to terms. 'The United States will not seek to determine the But McGovern is seeking ways to dupe voters: political future of the· Indochinese countries.' This is why he talks about a withdrawal of U. S. ".... The Democratic Party program reflects troops from Indochina within 90 days of taking a certain effort to analyze the failure the US has office-which would be March 1973, six months met and the erwrs it has ·committed in Vietnam from now -instead of today. And it is why McGov­ and Indochina, attempting to find a way out." ern equivocates on the question of keeping U. S. forces in Thailand, where Nixon is building bases Birds of a feather But the Democratic Party program is far from ; On CBS's "Campaign '72 Special Report" broad­ for indefinite continuation of the war and U. S. being an effort to analyze the tactics of U.S. im­ cast Sept. 17, George McGovern appeared with occupation of Southeast Asia. ! perialism in Southeast Asia. It is a carefully Chicago's Mayor Richard Daley. McGovern stated, Hanoi has indicated to several U.S. journalists 1 orchestrated drive to defuse the antiwar movement , "We will win partly because we have the support that it does not expect McGovern to win the and attract disillusioned Americans back into the !of a great mayor of a great city who has proved elections. Joseph Kraft wrote upon returning from I discredited capitalist Democratic Party that ! that a city can be made to work in modern-day launched the attack on Indochina to begin with. Hanoi, in the July 22 New York Post, "It is plain wrong to suppose that the North Vietnamese 1 America,. Richard Daley~" This is why McGovern refuses to support the · A few weeks earlier McGovern and Daley held leaders are pinning their bopes on the Senator from antiwar movement, opposes mass demonstrations, a private meeting in Chicago where the presiden­ South Dakota. Their hopes rest on the perception and urges antiwar activists to work for his election. . tial candidate pledged his support to the entire that it would be a great coup for President Nixon ' Democratic ticket in Chicago, including Edward if he could achieve a settlement of the war." McGovern's campaign is helping not hindering 'v. Hanrahan, candidate for state's attorney. Nixon's massive intensification of the war. This Nevertheless, backhanded support to the point has recently been recognized by Anthony McGovern campaign can only hinder the -task of Lewis, the pro-Democratic New York Times cor­ the international antiwar movement to build the respondent who helped reveal Nixon's bombing of needed mobilizations for immediate withdrawal. the North Vietnamese dikes. · Hanoi's stand on McGovern not only helps mis­ In his Sept. 16 column, Lewis points to a seeming educate the American antiwar movement about contradiction: "By a majority of 76 per cent to the true nature of capitalist politics but also goes 21, Americans want to bring home 'all U.S. mili­ against the best interests of the Vietnamese people tary, naval and air forces from Vietnam.'" But, ac- themselves.

How U.S. monopoly profits from apartheid By TONY THOMAS for change. What strikes an observer white welders, fixing them tea and starting out," Blashill was told. With the rise of Pan-Africanism, many forcibly, however, is that few Ameri­ carrying tools. When the white weld­ The few gains that have been reg­ Black activists have attempted to ex­ can subsidiaries in South Africa seem ers are absent-which Blashill says istered have been the result of the pose the complicity of U. S. firms· in to know it-or want it. With some is sometimes three days a week -these scarcity of white labor and the advan­ South Africa with the apartheid sys­ notable exceptions, they are behind the "assistants," who are not allowed to tage of cheap African wage scales. tem of racial segregation and white times, even for South Africa. be welders and receive welders' pay White unemployment stands at 3,000 minority rule that dominates that "... most executives who run U. S. "work twice as fast at one-third the -0.2 percent of the work force. "Faced country. An article by John Blashill subsidiaries in South Africa like the pay," of the white welders. with the prospect of empty assembly in the July issue of Fortune exposes system as it is. In 1969, a market­ Similarly, many claims that "equal lines, industry has had no choice but how U.S. firms profit from' apartheid. research organization conducted a pay" is given for "equal work" between to turn to African workers. 'If I had There are 292 U. S. corporate sub­ poll of 106 American and Canadian Black and white workers is simply to depend on white labor to run my sidiaries or affiliates in South ·Africa, businessmen living in the country. untrue. In some plants where this is plant, I'd have to close down tomor­ not including South African and for­ More than three-quarters of them ap­ supposedly taking place, it is because row,' says a typical American man­ eign-owned firms with U.S. invest­ proved of apartheid as 'an approach of bans on Black workers having high ager." ments. "Their combined direct invest­ that is . . . an attempt to develop a job classifications. Black workers in Some U.S.. businessmen actually ment is close to $900 million, and their solution.'" Typical of this approach some industries are banned from be­ want more black employees because returns on that investment have been is an International Harvester executive ing foremen. However in several U. S.­ they can be paid much cheaper rates romping home at something like 19 who told Blashill he supported apart­ owned and in many South African than whites. An American manager percent a year, after taxes [$171-mil­ heid because he didn't "want hundreds plants, Black workers do the work of told him, he would "like to convert lion]." These firms employ more than of Africans running around in front foremen while remaining in lower job his assembly line to only Black work­ 100,000 nonwhite workers. of my house." classifications. They receive "equal ers," to cut down on payrolls. This The average monthly wage of Black Blashill gives the O'okiep Copper pay" with whites of lower job classi­ manager claimed that only apartheid workers in U. S. firms is "$69 ... far Company as an example of the way fication, not with foremen with whom legislation prevents him from doing less than the average for white work­ the great majority of U.S. firms oper­ they share "equal work." so. ers {$419). Even more significant, the ate. "O'okiep has 2,000 black work­ Blashill states, "Only at the middle U. S. corporations carry out racist average for blacks is considerably less ers. It recruits them from poverty-rid­ grades of the factory pay scales do hiring practices, promotional policies, than a minimum needed to supply the den tribal areas, signs them to one­ blaCks and whites work at the same and pay scales in South Africa for bare necessities of life for a family of year contracts at wages averaging wages. The blacks start at the bottom the same reasons they do so in the five. . . . This 'poverty datum line' about $40 a month (plus bed and and can rise no higher than the mid­ United States: to increase their profits. [determined by the South African au­ board in the company compound), dle. The whites start no lower than Only by struggling against the cor­ thorities] is $103 a month inJohannes­ then ships them back home when the the middle and can go to the top." porations both in the U.S. and South burg, Pretoria, and Port Elizabeth. In year is up." In Ford auto plants in South Africa, Africa, only by ending white minority Capetown it is $89, in Durban $93." In another plant, Black assistant "A colored with fifteen years' expe­ rule in South Africa, can real gains be Blashill writes, "The climate is ripe welders have to act as servants of the rience gets the same pay as a white won for Black South African workers.·

THE MILITANT/SEPTEMBER 29, 1972 19 In Review Books African liberation Black Unity: Breaking the Chains of Oppres­ sion. A 16mm, 36-minute color documentary produced by the African Liberation Day Film Pro;ect.

"We . . . are . . . an African people! We . . . are . . . an African people! We . . . are . . . an African people! chanted thousands of Black demonstrators ·before the Washington monument as the film Black Unity: Breaking the Chains of Oppression draws to a close. Through this and other scenes Black Unity recaptures the tremendous solidarity with the African liberation struggle expressed by the tens of thousands who made up the May 27 African Liberation Day (ALD) demonstrations. As a recreation of the May 27 activities in Wash­ ington, D. C., and San Francisco, Black Unity stands out as an accurate representation of the mass character and militancy of those actions. Ex­ cerpts from the speeches of Representative Charles Diggs (D-Mich.), Imamu Amiri Baraka, Professor The Czechoslovak Political Trials, 1950-1954, Communist parties. The interrogation of Czecho­ Walter Rodney (a Jamaican militant teaching in edited by Jiri Pelikan. Stanford University slovak prisoners was carried out under the direc­ Tanzania), and Owusu Sadaukai are woven in Press. Stanford, Calif., 1971. 360 pp. $10.95. tion of Soviet experts provided by Stalin. with scenes from the marches and rallies in Wash­ 'The commission was also instructed to make ington, D. C., and San Francisco. In addition, the In April 1968, the Dubcek government set up a recommendations as to how a repetition of the film includes scenes of the preparatory work -the commission to investigate the Czechoslovak purge purges could be prevented. One particular sug­ last-minute meetings, the organization of monitors trials of the early 1950s and their aftermath. gestion must have thoroughly shaken many lead­ -that went into making the May 27 demonstra­ tions a success. Stretching over a period of five years, these trials ers of the party and state bureaucracy: reached high into the Communist party, resulting "The Commission recommends that the following But Black Unity is more than an outstanding in the execution of Rudolf Slansky, the party's principle be established: that none of the Party reconstruction of the day's events. Through the excel­ lent use of narrative and still and motion photog­ secretary-general, and other prominent party lead­ leaders, Security officers or members of the legal raphy, the film uncovers the integral connection ers, as well as the imprisonment of thousands of profession who had any part in preparing and between the struggles for liberation in Africa and persons on a variety of trumped-up charges. conducting the political trials, or in the so-called reassessments of 1955-7, shall ever again hold the struggles of African peoples throughout the The commission was headed by Jan Piller, a world. At the same time, Black Unity graphically member of the Communist party Central Com­ high Party or Government office or work in Se­ curity or in the legal profession." illustrates how unity in action can advance the mittee, and included historians, lawyers, political struggles of African peoples on a world scale. scientists, and economists- all of them Commu­ Jiri Pelikan was, prior to the Soviet invasion, chairman of the parliament's Foreign Affairs Com­ The film opens with a brief history of the· Black nists. Their conclusions were so devastating that struggle in Africa and the U. S. during the past two mittee and a ge~eral director of Czechoslovak the party leadership, even prior to the Soviet in­ decades. Scenes from the civil rights demonstra­ vasion in August, constantly found pretexts to television. He now lives in exile in Italy. In his postscript to the Piller commission report, he notes tions and the ghetto rebellions in the U.S. are postpone the release of the commission's report. followed by scenes from the current battles raging In his introduction to this translation of the some ominous similarities between the period of the early 1950s and the current atmosphere in in Africa against white colonial regimes. The point document, Jiri Pelikan writes that Piller "... in­ is made in the narration: the struggle has reached Czechoslovakia: formed the leadership in the summer of 1968 that a new plateau requiring a revolutionary solution "Political opponents are ... being 'politically' the Report contained such alarming facts that pub­ against a ruthless enemy, the same one in the exposed, isolated, stripped of all public positions lication might touch off an explosion likely to un­ United States as in Africa. and silenced. The 'opponents' include Dubcek and dermi~e the authority of the Party and of some In this context the role of U. S. business, govern­ of its top men. This led some Presidium mem­ most of the Party leadership of 1968 (many of ment, and military in the maintenance of white bers to agree to postponement-indeed not a few whom, being victims of the trials, could return minority regimes in Africa is documented, as well of them saw these documents as a threat to them­ to public life only after January of that year), as the international scope of the ALD demonstra­ selves. The experts who had been working on them and with them the majority of the nation. That, tions and the need for continued action on an inter­ were instructed to turn in all their notes, denied according to the present leadership, is wpere the national scale. further access to the records and bound to com­ matter is to rest. But, once put in motion, the Owusu Sadaukai, chairman of the African Lib­ plete silence. True, even after the August invasion practices acquire an inexorable logic- either the eration Support Committee (ALSC)- successor of Dubcek tried to have the Report submitted to the accusations levelled against the men of the 'post­ the African Liberation Day Coordinating Commit­ Central Committee, but after the blow he had suf­ January' policy are justified, in which case punish­ tee (ALDCC) that organized the May 27 demon­ fered he no longer had the political strength to get ment must be meted out, or there will be no pun­ strations-describes in the film his visit to Africa this done. The documents were marked top secret ishment, with the result that sooner or later it in the fall of 1971 and his discussions with the lib­ and deposited in the archives, in the hope that will be seen that the whole business was simply eration fighters in Mozambique, which led him to they would never see the light of day." a smoke-screen with no substance behind it." initiate the ALDCC upon his return to the U. S. One of the ironies in the situation is the fact that In addition, Pelikan writes, the collaborators Sadaukai also describes the vast changes Gustav Husak, whose government still prevents with the occupation forces live ·"in fear and trem­ brought about in the areas controlled by the lib­ the publication of the Piller report in Czechoslo­ bling of an end to the military occupation, or in­ eration forces in the Portuguese colonies of Mozam­ vakia, was himself a victim of the trials. Husak deed of any political change. , .." They see po­ bique and Guinea~Bissau. These include the dem­ was arrested in 1951 and sentenced in 1954 to litical trials as a means of defending their own ocratic election of councils to govern villages and life imprisonment as a "bourgeois nationalist." positions. regions; the e.stablishment of schools, hospitals, It is not difficult to understand the bureaucracy's "There is every reason," Pelikan adds, "to be­ and other social services in areas totally neglected determination to prevent the Czechoslovak public lieve that the mechanism of persecution has been by the European colonial overlords; and most from learning the contents of the Piller commis­ set in motion, and the lesson of the past is that graphically, the role of women as both leaders and sion's report. The researchers discovered that the a point is reached at which even the very best fighters in the struggles to rid Africa of racist, im­ highest levels of the party had connived in frame­ of intentions are powerless to apply the brakes. perialist rule. ups, the use of torture to extract "confessions," Admittedly, Husak and his colleagues are prob­ Black Unity: Breaking the Chains of Oppres­ sion is a primer on film of the current stage of and the careful staging of show trials. Moreover, ably not subjected to the same exceptional ex­ the African liberation struggles. Viewers can be in­ the work of commissions later appointed to "re­ ternal pressures as those brought to bear on Gott­ spired with the idea that unified mass actions in the habilitate" those falsely accused was regularly ham- wald [Klement Gottwald, head of the Communist party and of the state at the time of the trials] U.S. can concretely aid the success of those strug­ . strung by the party Political Bureau. gles. While the Piller commission devoted most of in his day. But they are definitely under pres­ sure from the 'collaborators' at home, as being Fortunately, the film is available for distribu­ its attention to domestic aspects of the trials, the tion from the ALSC with no rental fee. Requests report would have created embarrassment for the the only group on which they can rely in pur­ suing their highly unpopular policy." for the film or fo.r more information can be sent bureaucracies of the other European workers states to African Liberation Support Committee, P. 0. as well. The trials were launched in Czechoslovak­ The absurd charges that have been made against Pelikan himself are an unfortunate indication that Box 21304, Greensboro, N.C. 27420. ia only after repeated claims from East Berlin, -JOHN HAWKINS ·Warsaw, Budapest, and Moscow that Czechoslo­ Hus~ is in fact preparing a new version of the vakia was the focus of an attempt by imperialism 1950-54 trials. -DAVID BURTON to infiltrate agents into the highest levels of the From Intercontinental Press

20 By GEORGE BREITMAN apparently has sold more copies in feel happy with this book, and when Canfield did not harbor any preju- . Leon Trotsky wrote five books during two years than Scribner's sold during the chance came, sold it to Stein & dices against Trotsky personally and his last exile ( 1929-40) that were pub­ the entire 28 years of its ownership. Day in 1967. Before that, however, is able to concede Trotsky's"engaging", lished by trade (commercial) publish­ And that is not because Pathfinder Harper's gave this b0ok rather excep­ qualities. Con men always try to dis­ ers in the United States. This does not has a greater number of sales out­ tional treatment by printing it in 1941 play sincerity and fairness before they . include the books and pamphlets is­ lets than Scribner's. and then withholding it until 1946. get down to the meat of their business. sued by Pioneer Publishers, a fore­ Simon & Schuster published the first A version of how this happened ap­ Mter Trotsky was assassinated, it runner of the present Pathfinder Press, volume of The History of the Russian pears in the recent book by the then was necessary, Canfield writes, "to find or The Case of Leon Trotsky, a tran­ Revolution in 1932, the second and president of Harper's, Cass Canfield a qualified person to finish the book script of the hearings on the ch-arges third in 1933, a single-volume edi­ (Up and Down and Around, Harper's from his voluminous notes. We chose made against Trotsky in the Moscow tion in 1936, and a second printing Charles Malamuth, a Russian scholar, trials, which was published by Har­ of the latter in 1937. While it was for this assignment, and he performed per & Brothers in 1937, or the note­ hailed by some as one of the greatest it well." Canfield neglects to note that books published as Trotsky's Diary historical works ever written, its sales this scholar smuggled into the book in Exile, 1935, by Harvard Univer­ evidently did not satisfy Messrs. S& S. political ideas diametrically opposed sity Press in 1958. In any case, they did not wait until the to those held by Trotsky, against the These five books by Trotsky and expiration of the 28-year copyright protest of Trotsky's widow and com­ the names of their publishers, who period. In 1957 they sold the book rades. A trifle of this kind was not the were among the biggest and most to the University of Michigan Press. source of Canfield's "dilemma." prestigious in this country, were My There must have been a market for Life, Scribner's; The History of the the book because that university press, Stalin's helper Russian Revolution, Simon & Schus­ with its limited sales resources, put out The book was printed and advance ter; The Revolution Betrayed, Double­ four printings in the next seven years copies were mailed to reviewers on day Doran; Stalin, Harper& Brothers; and evidently finds it profitable to Friday, Dec. 5, 1941. "I breathed a and The Young Lenin, Doubleday. have kept it in print the last 15 years. sigh of relief," Canfield says. But 48 Some of these will still be read with An editor at S& S volunteered the hours later the Japanese attacked appreciation and fascination long af­ information to me last year that his Pearl Harbor, which brought the U.S. ter the last country in the world has company's decision to give up the formally into World War II. gone socialist. rights to this book had been unfor­ "Mter the first shock I began to The publication of the Lenin biog­ tunate. I did not ask if he meant un­ think about the publishing problems raphy now-37 years after it was fortunate-because-it' s-a -book -any-pub­ presented by Trotsky's Stalin. It was written-and the recent publication of lisher-would-be-proud-of or unfor­ obvious that, within a few days, Stal­ a book throwing new light on the tunate-because-it-still-makes-money. in would be America's ally and that handling of the Stalin biography can Doubleday Doran published The he would deeply resent the appear­ serve as the occasion for a brief sum­ Revolution Betrayed in 1937. Sales ance of this biography by his arch­ mary of what those publishers did and were not up to expectations, and the rival. On the other hand, we had an didn't do with those books. publishers were glad to sell the book obligation to the author-in this case The Scribner edition of My Life en­ at the first opportunity, which came Leon Trotsky to his estate. It was a sticky situation, joyed some critical success when it in 1945 when Pioneer Publishers as the British say." was published in 1930. Many review­ scraped together enough money to buy Up to the publication of Canfield's ers recognized the qualities that are it. Magazine Press, 1971, 272 pp., book, most writers on the subject be­ called "classic," and the book had two Either the market for the book has $8.95). The story of his life covers lieved that Harper's withdrew the book the more than four decades when he editions, or two printings, in a rela­ grown or it was reached only after the "under pressure from the U.S. State was a major influence in American tively short time. But Scribner's did original publisher gave it up. Path­ Department as a friendly gesture to publishing. Canfield was born a bour­ not display much interest in it there­ finder sells more copies of it every two Stalin," and that is precisely how we geois and trained as a bourgeois, and after. When paperbacks came into years than Doubleday did in eight. put it in a note about the biography he writes with most conviction when fashion after World War II, Scribner's in Writings of Leon Trotsky ( 1939- Exceptional treatment he is talking about profits: did not think it worthwhile to publish 40), page 128. But if Canfield is to "No matter what delight he may it in that form. Later, they failed to This brings us to Stalin, the biog­ be believed, the initiative and credit take in literature, a publisher is in renew the copyright when it expired raphy Trotsky was still working on for this suppression belong first of business to make a profit. The better 28 years after the book's publication, when he was killed by an agent of all to him. he is at figures, the more he can in­ thus · allowing My Life to enter the Stalin in 1940. Like most of the other Overnight Canfield "pondered this dulge his literary tastes." public domain. publishers cited above, Harper & problem, and on Monday morning "... trade publishing remains a Pathfinder's 1970 edition of My Life Brothers (now Harper & Row) did not telephoned three men I knew in Wash­ risky business. Fortunes are made ington, each of whom had access to from paper products such as milk the President. I needed their advice." containers, paper cups, Kleenex, pa­ He didn't like the advice he got from per towels, and the risks involved are the first two: they were "evasive," say­ relatively small. But the moment pa­ ing Harper's was a private company per is covered with print, trouble starts and should make its own decisions. and profits shrink. Every trade book "By the time I called the third man, is a new and individual product which I was desperate for guidance." He too must be sold in the market place, un­ tended to be "indirect," but when tried. In consequence, the trade book pressed, he gave his "personal and publisher who makes a profit on sales confidential opinion" that it would be is fortunate ...." a disaster if the Trotsky book were It makes one wonder how much the published. cultural level of this country would That was all Canfield and his col­ have fallen if Canfield had tied up leagues needed. By noon they had with Kleenex instead of Harper's. written asking the reviewers to return His passages about Trotsky begin the copies sent to· them and then sealed on a somewhat more solemn note than up the whole first printing of the book the rest of the book: "A dilemma pre­ in their warehouse. sented itself when we published Leon "There they rested for years-ille­ Trotsky's biography of Stalin, a book gally, under the terms of our contract. that . . . raised questions about the Mrs. Trotsky's lawyers demanded that publisher's obligations and responsi­ we publish forthwith and we received bilities to which I still have no sure many letters of protest, some of them answers." angry and threatening. We kept the Then he switches back to a largely books sealed up until U.S. relations irrelevant account of his visit to Trot­ with Stalin had deteriorated to a point, sky when he happened to be in Mexico in 1946, where publication could do City early in 1940. Although he calls no harm." Trotsky a "thoroughly dangerous Canfield does not tell us what would 1943 picket line protested lies in Hollywood movie 'Mission to Mos­ character" (by contrast he views the have happened to the book if the col,d finance capitalist J.P. Morgan as "a war had not broken out at that time. cow.' Film justified Stalin's purges and had State Department en­ great leader and a very strong per­ Would it still be in Harper's ware­ couragement. Harper's, whi_ch suppressed Trotsky's biography of sonality"), the purpose of these remi­ house if the U.S. and the USSR had Stalin, was also anxious to cover up for wartime ally. niscences seems to, be to establish that Continued on page 22

THE MILITANT/SEPTEMBER 29, 1972 21 SAT., Sept.. 30: Banquet and cabaret sponsored by the blockade of Haiphong harbor and [at Harper's], I set myself up as an lower Manhattan SWP campaign committee. With An­ while his planes were raining death arbiter of what was in the national drew Pulley and others. Guest speakers: Marybeth and destruction upon Vietnam. interest, without any instructions from Yakoubian, editor of the Student Middle East Review· In 1972 the CP is giving the same and Jane Tam, member of District 1 community schaoi our government. While I believe that Calendar board. (See calendar under New York: lower Man­ kind of support to the Democrat I made the right decision, this is cer­ BERKELEY-OAKLAND hattan lor more information.) McGovern as it did to Roosevelt in DANCE AND OMELET SUPPER. Featuring Linda tainly a debatable question." MON., Oct. 2, 12 noon: Andrew Pulley; James Men­ 1936 and 1944 (its call to "Dump Jenness, Socialist Workers Party presidential candi­ First Canfield appoints an editor diela, SWP congressional candidate from Brooklyn's date. Sat., Od. 7, 7 p.m. Sequoia Lodge, 2666 Moun­ Nixon" equals "Vote for McGovern"). to mangle the book when Trotsky is 14th lain Blvd., Oakland. Donation: $3. For more informa­ C. D.; and John Hawkins, SWP congressional can­ Jaffe writes that the CP' s role in the didate from Brooklyn's 12th C. D., will speak at New no longer alive to defend himself. tion, call (415) 654-9728. York City Community College, Tillary and Jay streets, Minneapolis case "was the inevitable Then he converts the book into a fac­ downtown Brooklyn. For more information, call 596- consequence of the dogma that he who tional football in the war for "four BOSTON 2917. SOCIALIST WORKERS CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE MEET­ ·is not absolutely one hundred percent freedoms" and other nice-sounding ob­ INGS. Every Wednesday at 7:30 p.m. All campaign 6 p.m.: Andrew Pulley will speak at Hunter College, with me all the time is my mortal jectives. And now, 30 years later, he 68th St. and Park Ave. For more information, call supporters are welcome. 655 Atlantic Ave. (opp. South has the effrontery to pretend that he 982-6051. enemy," a type of factional animosity Station). For more information, call (617) 482·8050. NEW YORK: LOWER MANHATTAN that has "polluted the atmosphere of may be morally troubled because, as he piously puts it, "I set myself up BROOKLYN BANQUET .AND CABARET. Speakers include: Andrew the radical world for more than two AN EVENING WITH ANDREW PULLEY, Socialist Work­ Pulley, Socialist Workers Party vice-presidential can­ decades." as an arbiter of what was in the na­ ers Party vice-presidential candidate. Fri., Sept. 29,- didate. Sat., Sept. 30. Refreshments, 6 p.m.; dinner, There is much more to the matter. tional interest.... " Hell, isn't that the 6:30 p.m. Includes dinner, speeches by Andrew Pulley; 7 p.m.; rally, 8 p.m.; party follows. 706 Broadway The shameful action of the CP in this function of the capitalist publishers John Hawkins, SWP candidate lor Congress from 12th (4th St.), Eighth Floor. Donation: $3. Sponsored by and their hucksters, isn't that what, lower Manhattan Socialist Workers Party Campaign and other instances is the inevitable C. D.; and James Mendieta, SWP candidate lor Con· collectively, they do regularly and gress from 14th C. D. Party follows. At SWP campaign Committee. For !"(lore information, call (212) 982-6051. consequence of the opportunist meth­ headquarters, 136 Lawrence St. (near A&S). Donation: ods of class collaboration that are automatically, all the time? [Next $3.00. For further information, call (212) 596-2917. SAN FRANCISCO rooted in its Stalinist politics and utter week: Doubleday and The Young Len­ ISRAEL'S WAR ON THE MIDDLE EAST. Speakers: Ibra­ submissiveness to the Soviet bureau­ in.] DETROIT him Tawasha, director of Arab Information Center; VIOLENCE IN THE MIDEAST: WHO IS RESPONSIBLE? Russell Block, Socialist Workers campaign committee. cracy. A DEBATE. With Jell Berchenko of the Socialist Work­ Fri., Sept. 29, 8 p.m. Pioneer Bookstore, ~338 Market That is what accounts for the· party's ers Party; and representatives of Arab and Zionist St. Donation: $1. Ausp. Militant labor Forum. For despicable behavior and makes it so organizations. Fri., Sept. 29, 8 p.m. 3737 Woodward. more information, call (415) 626-9958. unworthy of trust. ... Atlanta Donation: $1, h.s. students 50c. Sponsored by Militant Continued from page 24 Forum. For more information, call (313) 831-6135. DON'T MISS: Lindo Jenness, Socialist Workers Party modating-until the air began to presidential candidate, speaks at Univer.sity of San Francisco, Fri., Oct. 6, 8 p.m. For more inlormotion, leave his tires and the fuel poured LOS ANGELES from his gas tank. No other trucks WHICH WAY FOR YOUTH IN '72? Speakers: Geoff call (415) 626-9958. ... McGov Mirelowitz, member of Young Socialist Alliance na­ Continued from page J 8 tried to enter the plant. SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA tional executive committee; David Lang, spokesman cifically oppose a vote for all of the As 7 p. m. approached, police with lor McGovern campaign. Dinner served alter forum. MARXIST RADIO COMMENTARY. listen to Theodore Edwards, spokesman lor the Socialist Workers Party, presidential candidates except McGov­ riot helmets moved toward the gates. Fri., Sept. 29, 8:30 p.m. 1107 1/2 N. Western. Dona­ They moved cautiously, obviously tion: $1, h.s. students 50c. Ausp. Militant Labor Forum. on his weekly 15-minute radio program, 11:15 a.m. ern, whose candidacy they don't "en­ For more information, call (213) 463-1917. every Wedn·esday, KPFK-FM, 90.7. dorse," the readers of the Guardian afraid of the consequences of enforc­ may be excused for their confusion. ing the injunction against 300 dem­ INDOCHINA AND THE '72 ELECTIONS. Speaker: Geoff TWIN CinES onstrators. Television cameras were PANEL IN DEFENSE OF GAY RIGHTS. Speakers: Mike The truth is that the Guardian edi­ Mirelowitz, Young Socialist Alliance National Commit­ filming the events. A police helicopter tee member who met with representatives of the Pro­ McConnell, gay activi.sl; Becky Bohan, member of Uni­ tors want people to vote for George visional Revolutionary Government of South Vietnam versity Women's liberation. Fri., Sept. 29, 8 p.m. McGovern, but they're ashamed to hovered menacingly overhead, period­ and with representatives of the Democratic Republic 1 University Pl. N.E. (at E. Hennepin), Minneapolis. come out and say it. Instead, they re­ ically landing on Mead's roof. of Vietnam in November 1971. Tues., Sept. 26, 3 p.m., Donation: S1, h.s. students end unemployed 50c. For At 7 o'clock, the scabs arriving for more information, call (612) 332-7781. fuse to publicly endorse his candidacy at UCLA, 3517 Ackerman Union. Sponsored by the while stressing that "We do not oppose the night shift were told by the com­ Young Socialist Alliance. For more information, call pany to go home. The plant was clos-. (213) 463-1966. the growing trend of those among the masses [and presumably of those ing down. The strikers and pickets LOS ANGELES CAMPAIGN BANQUET. With Linda Jen­ among the Guardian staff as well­ then voted to let the day shift leave ness, 1972 Socialist Workers Party candidate lor presi­ D. F.] who intend to vote for McGov­ the parking lot. After the lot had emp­ dent. Sat., Sept. 30. Refreshments, 6 p.m.; dinner, ... CP ern.... " tied, the police attempted to escort a 7 p.m.; rally, 8:30 p.m.; party follows. Armenian Hall, Continued from page J2 few scab cars back insiae, and sev­ 1501 Venice Blvd. (west off Harbor Freeway), Los As one Guardian reader wrote, "The Angeles. Donation: $5, h.s. students $3. Sponsored The role the CP played in the duty of a Marxist revolutionary news­ eral scuffles broke out. Police used by the Socialist Workers Campaign Committee and Minneapolis case proves which party paper is to point out clearly its stand their nightsticks indiscriminately and Young Socialists lor Jenness and Pulley. For more really served as accomplices of the on a given political issue. The editorial randomly picked out a few pickets information and reservations, call (213) 461-8131 or imperialists in Washington. for arrest. (213) 463-1917. on the elections is confusing. In a But still larger political issues are veiled manner, it endorses McGovern." Seven were arrested as white po­ NAnONAL involved. The CP remains as faithful licemen clubbed a number of dem­ Linda Jenness, presidential candidate of the Socialist a lackey of the Moscow bureaucrats onstrators to the ground and con­ ·Workers Party, will appear on ABC-TV's "Issues and as in the 1940s. It has not hesitated to tinued to beat them after they were Answers" along with other candidates from the smaller approve the Soviet occupation of down. parties on Sun., Oct. 8, 1 p.m. (New York time). Czechoslovakia that even the French, ... Trotsky During the demonstration, Keith ANDREW PULLEY NEW YORK TOUR SCHEDULE Sept. 28-0ct. 2 Italian, and British CPs have criticized. Continued from page 2 J Jones, SWP congressional candidate, THURS., Sept. 28, 12 noon: Andrew Pulley and Bobby It endorses the hounding of Solzhen­ continued their wartime alliance? In­ distributed a statement of solidarity Washington, SWP congressional candidate from Har­ itsyn and other writers and in­ stead, he closes the incident with these with the strike. Jones's statement chal­ lem, will speak at City College of New York, 330 tellectuals in the Soviet Union, the reflections: lenged his Democratic opponent, the Finley Student Center, 135th St. and Convent Ave. jailing of Ukrainian and Lithuanian Reverend Andrew Young, a former For more information, call 663-3000. "Does a publisher have the right to 7:30 p.m.: Andrew Pulley will speak at New York Communist dissidents, and echoes all disregard his contractual obligations SCLC minister, to join him on the University, loeb Student Center. For more informa­ the Kremlin lies and slanders against in order to fulfill what he considers picket line. The statement emphasized tion, call 982-6051 . Trotskyism. to be his duty as a citizen? There is the necessity of building strike sup­ FRI., Sept. 29: Banquet and rally sponsored by Brook­ In the spirit of peaceful coexistence, no denying that I failed to live up port committees on campuses, in other lyn SWP campaign committee. With Andrew Pulley and others. (See calendar under Brooklyn lor more the CP even tried to justify the warm to our publishing agreement and that, plants, and throughout the Black com­ information.) reception Moscow gave Nixon after · with the approval of my colleagues munity. •rectory ALABAMA: Tuscaloosa: YSA, c/o Richard Rathers, P. 0. Box 5377, Uni­ ton, Ky. 40506. York, N.Y. 10025. Tel: (212) 663-3000. versity of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Ala. 35406. LOUISIANA: Baton Rouge: YSA, c/o Craig Biggio, 10975 Sheraton OHIO: Cincinnati: YSA, c/o C.R. Mitts, P.O. Box 32084, Cincinnati, CALIFORNIA: Berkeley-Oakland: SWP and YSA, 3536 Telegraph Ave., Dr., Balan Rouge, La. 70815. Ohio 45232 Tel: (513) 242-6132. Oakland, Calif. 94609. Tel: (415) 654-9728. MARYLAND: College Park: YSA, University P. 0. Box 73, U of Md., Cleveland: SWP and YSA, 4420 Superior Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 44103. Chico: YSA, c/o Kathy Isabell, 266 E. Sacramenta Ave., Chico, Calif. College Park, Md. 20742. Tel: (216) 391-5553. 95926. MASSACHUSETTS: Boston: SWP and YSA, c/o Militant Labor Forum, Columbus: YSA, 1612 Summit St. (side entrance), Columbus, Ohio Las Angeles: SWP and YSA, 1107 1/2 N. Western Ave., las Angeles, 655 Atlantic Ave., Third Floor, Boston, Mass. 02111. Tel: SWP-(617) 43201. Tel: (614) 299-2942. Calif. 90029. Tel: SWP -(213) 463-1917, YSA-(213) 463-1966. 482-8050, YSA- (617) 482-8051; Issues ond Activists Speakers Bureau Yellow Springs: YSA, Antioch College Union, Yellow Springs, Ohio Riverside: YSA, c/o Don Andrews, 3408 Florida, Riverside, Calif. 92507. (IASB) and Regional Cammiltee-(617) 482-8052; and Pathfinder Books 45387. Sacramento: YSA, c/o Bob Secor, 3702 T St., Sacramento, Calif. 95815. -(617) 338-8560. OREGON: Eugene: YSA, c/o Dave Hough, 1216 1/2 lincoln, Eugene San Diego: YSA, P.O. Box 15186, San Diego, Calif. 92115. MICHIGAN: Detroit: SWP, YSA, Eugene V. Debs Holl, 3737 Woodward Ore. 97401. San Francisco: SWP, YSA, Militant labor Forum, and Pioneer Books, Ave., Detroit, Mich. 48201. Tel: (313) TE1-6135. Portland: SWP and YSA, 208 S. W. Stark, Room 201, Portland, Ore. 2338 Market St., San Francisco, Calif. 94114. Tel: (415) 626-9958. East Lansing: YSA, P. 0. Box 14, East lansing, Mich. 48823. 97204. Tel: (503) 226-2715. San Mateo: YSA, c/o Chris Stanley, 1712 Yorktown Rd., San Mateo, MINNESOTA: Minneapolis-St. Poul: SWP, YSA and lobar Bookstore, PENNSYLVANIA: Philadelphia: SWP ond YSA, 1004 Filbert St. (qne Calif. 97330. 1 University N.E. (at E. Hennepin) Second Floor, Mpls. 55413. Tel: (612) block north of Market), Philadelphia, Po. 19107. Tel: (215) WA5-4316. Santa Barbara: YSA, Box 14126, UCSB, Santa Barbara, Calif. 93107. 332-7781. RHODE ISLAND: Providence: YSA, P.O.-Box 117, Annex Sta., Provi­ Tel: (805) 968-8354. MISSOURI: Kansas City: YSA, c/o Student Activities Office, U of Mis­ dence, R.I. 02901. Militant Bookstore: 88 Benevolent St. Tel: (401) 331- COLORADO: Denver: SWP, YSA and Militant Bookstore, 1203 Cali­ souri at Kansas City, 5100 Rockhill Road, Kansas City, Mo. 64110. 1480. fornia, Denver, Cola. 80204. Tel: (303) 623-2825. Bookstore open Mon.­ St. Louis: YSA, P.O. Box 8037, St.louis, Mo. 63156. TENNESSEE: Nashville: YSA, 1214 17th Ave. S., Nashville·, Tenn. Sat., 10:30 a.m.-7 p.m. NEW HAMPSHIRE: Portsmouth: YSA, P.O. Box 479, Durham, N.H. 37212. Tel: (615) 292-8827. CONNECTICUT: Hartford: YSA, c/o Bob Quigley, 427 Main St. *206, 03824. TEXAS: Austin: YSA and SWP, P: 0. Box 7753, University Station, Aus­ Hartford, Conn. 061 03. Tel: (203) 246-6797. NEW JERSEY: Red Bonk: YSA, P.O. Box 222, Rumson, N.J. 07760. tin, Texas 78712. Tel: (512) 478-8602. New Haven: YSA, P.O. Box 185, New Haven, Conn. 06501. NEW MEXICO: Albuquerque: YSA, c/o Vivian Abeles, 503 Carlisle Houston: SWP and YSA and Pathfinder Books, 6409 lyons Ave., Hous­ FLORIDA: Tallahassee: YSA, c/o David Bouffard, 308 S. Macomb, S. E., Albuquerque, N. M. 87106. ton, Texas77020. Tel: (713) 674-0612. Tallahassee, Fla. 32301. ' NEW YORK: Binghamton: YSA, Box 1073, Harpur College, Bingham­ Son Antonio: YSA, c/o P.O. Box 774, San Antonio, Texas 78202. Tampa: Socialist Workers Campaign '72, c/o David Maynard, P. 0. ton, N.Y. 13901. Tel: (607) 798-4142. Box 702,4100 Fletcher Ave., Tampa, Fla. 33612. Brooklyn: SWP and YSA, 136 lawrence St. (at Willoughby), Brooklyn, VERMONT: Burlington: YSA, c/o John Franco, 241 Malletts Bay Ave., GEORGIA: Atlanta: Militant Bookstore, 68 Peachtree St. N. E., Third N.Y. 11201. Tel: (212) 596-2849. Winooski, Vt. 05404. Floor, Atlanta, Ga. 30303. SWP and YSA, P. 0. Box 846, Atlanta, Ga. Long Island: P.O. Box 357, Roosevelt, L.l., N.Y. 11575. Tel: (516) WASHINGTON, D.C.: SWP and YSA, 746 9th St. N. W., Second Floor, 30301. Tel: (404) 523-0610. . FR9-0289. Wash., D.C. 20001. Tel: (202) 783-2363. IUINOIS: Chicago: SWP, YSA and bookstore, 180 N. Wacker Dr., New York City- City-wide SWP and YSA, 706 Broadway (4th St.), WASHINGTON: Pullman: YSA, c/o Dean W. Johnson, 1718 A St., Room 310, Chicago, Ill. 60606. Tel: SWP-(312) 641-0147, YSA-(312) Eighth Floor, New York, N.Y. 10003. Tel: (212) 982-8214. Pullman, Wash. 99163. 641-0233. Lower Manhattan: SWP, YSA and Merit Bookstore, 706 Broadway (4th Seattle: Militant Bookstore, 5257 University Way N. E., Seattle, Wash. INDIANA: Bloomington: YSA, c/o Student Activities Desk, Indiana Uni­ St.), Eighth Floor, New York, N.Y. 10003. Tel: SWP, YSA-(212) 982- 98105. Hrs. 11 a.m.-8 p.m., Mon.-Sat. Tel: (206) 523-2555. versity, Bloomington, Ind. 47401. 6051; Merit Baoks-(212) 982-5940. WISCONSIN: Madison: YSA, c/o James levitt, 411 W. Gorham St., KENTUCKY: Lexington: YSA, P.O. Box 952, U~iversity Station, lexing- Upper West Side: SWP ond YSA, 2744 Broadway (106th St.), New Madison, Wis. 53703. Tel: (608) 257-2835.

22 GREET THE GUARDIAN r ON ITS 25th ANNIVERSARY YEAR! The Ne"!" Left: Beyond ReminiSI!ence Two articles. and a .bibliographic essay intended The issue of October 18 will mark the beginning of the Guardian~ 25th year. \ We are going into our 25th year with plans for a much improved and expanded 20 'to place the 'Movemenl" in an historical perspec­ page paper. New columns and features will be added. Coverage of all areas of tive, illuminated by the reopening of the doss struggle in the 1970s: in RADICAL AMERICA, struggle will be increased. To help us kick off our twentyfifth year we are asking Vol. VI, *4. 120pp, $1. Free fall catalog has pam­ friends of the Guardian to place greeting ads in our anniversary issue. Listed phlets on labor, women's history, poetry, sur­ greetings ff!r fri.ef1:ds and their farnil~es are $5 per listing~ . . . realism, etc. 1878 Massachusetts Ave., Cam­ ' .. Larger greetmg ads for orgamzatwns, busmesses ana friends are ava1lable at the bridge, Mass. 02140. Pathfinder Press, 410 West following rates: full page, $300; half page, $180; quarter page, $100, eighth page, St., New York, N.Y. 10014 $50; sixteenth page, $25. . . Please send your greeting message or name(s) with payment to: Guardian Greeting Ads, 32 W. 22nd St., NYC 10010. Reserve your space early. Deadline/or all ads is October 9. IN~HE SEPTEMBER INTERNATIONAL SOCIAUST REVIEW------...... ~McGovern &the Subscribe Democratic · tothe Party--The . I way to radical Gua rd ~an. change? There is only one Guardian, the independent, radical,newsweekly that is the· voice of a growing, principled left, The Guardian providesert~nsive coverage of debate between international and nati.on-al events with a perceptivg, Marxt~ ilnalysis. This coverage is forthrightly· par.tisan-to the interests of the ·workln_g class, to the struggles of national minorities in the U.S., and to the liberation movements. of inda Jenness & wom.en, Gls, migrant workers and other oppressed groups in this country. The. Guardian is likewise partisafl to and provides accurate and exclusive reports on · national liberation struggles throughout the world-from Ireland and Angola to hard Gottfried Indochina and Chile·. · · There is only one Guardian. Subscribe today.

1~------~-- mail to: Guardian, 32 W. 22nd St., NY NY 10010 I also: ROWTH, TECHNOLOGY, HUMAN SURVIVAL by Fred Feldman; MYTH OF THE FREE PRESS by Greg Cornell; FROM THE SPANISH ,UNDER­ I $1 fo.r 10 wk trial $10 for 1 yr regular 1 GROUND: TACTICS OF THE ANTI-FRANCO STRUGGLE; IN DEFENSE OF THE ~ oome_::~~:p';':'____ $5 :_~.::~--- ! POLITICAL PRISONERS IN THE UKRAINE by T. Omeliuk ( ) Enclosed is $1 for 3 months of the ISR. I address-.------· ------· 1 (------­ ) Send me 1 year of the ISR for $5. I t:.t . . · I Y ------.------..------State-- -ZIP..,.- J L -----_ _.... ---·------.------_ ...... _._ ___ ._ Name ______Address------City _State Zip ______International Sofialist Review, 14 Charles Lane, N.Y., N.Y. 10014. In evening witb IIDBIW PULLBY Socialist Workers Party vice-presidential candidate; John Hawkins, SWP candi­ date for U.S. Congress, 12th C. D. (Brooklyn); and James Mendieta, SWP can­ didate for U.S. Congress, 14th C. D. (Brooklyn). WRITIDiiS OF

Friday; September 29. Dinner at 6:30 p.m. Program to follow. Tickets: $3. Brooklyn Socialist Workers Party Campaign Headquarters, 136 Lawrence St. (near A&S). For more information, call (212) 592-2917. LEOD TROTSHY [1933·34] , edited by George Breitman and Bev Scott r Marxism vs. Now available Convinced by the German catastrophe that the Communist Neo-Anarchist International could no longer be restored to a Leninist path, Trotsky called for a new .International and went to work Terrorism Jan.-June to . assemble its cadre. Much of this volume, the sixth in a series of eleven volumes, consists of his answers to var­ by George Novack. 25 cents. Path­ 1972 ious critics of this audacious task. Trotsky also outlined a finder Press, 410 West St., New comprehensive analysis of the coming war, wrote about the York, N.Y. 10014. Reichstag fire trial, and exposed the pacifist mask Hitler " ..J Militant maintained. He analyzed the life of Anatole V. Lunacharsky, the class nature of the Scwiet Union, Christian Rakovsky's Calendar and classified ad rates: 75 capitulation to Stalin, and the fascists' attempt to overthrow ceots per line of 56-character-wide type­ Bound the French government in February 1934. The French gov­ written copy. Display ad rates: $10 per ernment ordered Trotsky expelled in April, but the order column inch ($7.50 if camera-ready" ad could not be executed because no other country would accept is enclosed). Payment.must be included Volume with ads. The Militant is published each the man without a visa. 380pp., $3.45, cloth $8.95. week on Friday. Deadlines for ad copy: Friday, one week preceding publication, & Index Write for our free 1972 catalog: for classified and display ads; W ednes­ $10. Index alone, 25 cents. Pathfinder Press, Inc., 410 West Street, New York, N.Y. 10014 day noon, two days preceding publica­ (212) 7 41-0690 ·tion, for calendar ads. Telephone: (212) 14 Charles lane, N.Y., N.Y. 243-6392. 10014

THi: MILITANT/SEPTEMBER 29, 1972 23, THE MILITANT Atlanta strikers defy injunction ByJOELABER Southern Christian Leadership Con­ .. ATLANTA, Sept. 18-The Mead ference ( SCLC). Reflective of the Packaging Plant is shut down tonight. broad support the strike is picking In defiance of a court order 300 peo­ up, a large contingent of marchers ple marched on the plant this after­ came from the Atlanta University cam­ noon. Seven hundred Black workers pus. at Mead have been on strike since Among the marchers were Black' Aug. 11, but today's action was the workers from Nabisco and Sears and first large-scale mobilization of sup­ Roebuck who were victorious in their port from the campuses and the Black own strikes in the past ~onth. One community. huge banner read "Nabisco workers/ The Mead plant in northwest Atlan­ support their brothers at Mead." Also ta, the largest paper box factory in on the picket line were members of the the world, has long been notorious Young Socialist Alliance and Social­ for unsafe and unhealthy working ist Workers Party, including the conditions. The air in the plant is so Georgia SWP candidates in the 1972 unbreathable that longtime workers elections-Alice Conner for U.S. Sen­ in the plant frequently contract em­ ate, Keith Jones for U.S. Congress physema. A well-known Atlanta disc • from the 5th C. D., and Meg Rose for jockey held up his hand at one strike Fulton County sheriff. · meeting and said, "This is what Mead The demonstration's sponsorship gave me," indicating the stumps where was broad. Sponsors included the his fingers had been before they were Mead Caucus of Rank and File Work­ cut off by an unshielded machine at ers, the strike committee, which holds Mead. strike meetings nearly every day; In the strike begun over five weeks SCLC; SWP; Atlanta's underground Militant/George Bosley ago, the predominantly Black work newspaper, the Great Speckled Bird; Three striking workers picket outside Mead Packaging Plant force has received no support from the Black student organizations at Geor­ white-controlled AFL-CIO sweetheart gia State University; the Timbuktu union that purports to represent them. Bookstore; the Georgia State Univer­ gate. driving and a white supervisor riding So today' s support from other Atlan­ sity Young Socialist Alliance; and the In addition to the injunction, the in the cab. Angry demonstrators tans was vital to the continued success United Youth Adult Conference. Mead owners are attempting to weak­ massed at the right window and con­ of the strike. The strikers are demand­ Mter a rally with speeches by Hosea en the strike by recruiting scabs. Us­ fronted. the white scab. The driver, ing not only an end to racial discrimi­ Williams of SCLC, the Reverend W.J. ing scab labor, the huge paper box convinced by the logic of the situ­ nation but improvement in the job Stafford of the Free for All Baptist factory tried to operate two 12-hour ation, put on his brakes, climbed out conditions that affect all workers. Church, and several of the strike lead­ skeleton shifts todc;y with a shift of the cab,_ and walked away, leaving The demonstrators assembled at ers, the demonstrators moved to block change scheduled for ·,· p.m. his truck blocking the entrance road the Atlanta University complex, a the main employee and truck entrance The gate was blocked by 6 p.m. as the pickets cheered. group of Black colleges, and marched to Mead. This violated a Fulton Su­ Seconds later the first confrontation Another rig pulled up behind the the four miles to Mead led by a mule perior Court injunction obtained by took place as a tractor-trailer ap­ first, but this driver was less accom- train and casket provided by the Mead that limits pickets to five at each proached the gate with a Black man . Continued on poge 22 So. Calif. Black activist faces frame-up By HARRY RING scene of the shooting. Yet shortly afterward he was indicted white Indio. They cited the fact that LOS ANGELES- The trial of Black The witnesses reported seeing several on the word of two Black youths, the panel from which the jury is to activist Gary Lawton and two codefen­ youthful Blacks with naturals and one of whom is reportedly a police in­ be drawn is highly unrepresentative dants, charged with murdering two white teen-agers. (A laterpoliceversion former, the other, a narcotics addict. in terms of Blacks, Chicanos, and policemen, is now under way in the changed this to all Blacks.) 'Lawton They asserted that they had previously youth. desert town of Indio, about 120 miles is in his thirties, partially bald, and sold Lawton a gun found at the scene They also moved to repress as evi­ from here. The initial legal moves at the time weighed 200 pounds. of the shooting. dence a notebook police seized reinforced the fears of the defendants Several days later police came to his The police also claimed that illegally from Gardner's home during that the court is in league with the home and took him to headquarters. Lawton's voice print matches that of a search made without a warrant. prosecution fo railroad them to pris­ a tape recording of the telephone voice All defense motions were denied by on on trumped-up charges. that lured the two cops to the ambush. the p-residing judge, Warren Slaughter. The two cops were shot in ambush Nehemiah Jackson and Larrie Another move by Slaughter pro­ in April 1970 in the town of River­ Gardner were later indicted on the vided an ominous indication of how side, some 50 miles from here. Shortly word of a 14-year-old white woman he will function during the trial. Ten afterward, Lawton, a leading activist who had had personal. relations with days prior to a Sept. 15 court session, in Riverside's Black community, was G:udner. She has told at least three the defense advised him they would charged with the killing. Then two different stories to officials. The latest, have in court that day several expert youths whom he did not even know, to a grand jury, was that she had witnesses to testify on the validity of Larrie Gardner and Nehemiah Jack­ actually witnessed the shooting.. Jhe lie-detector tests administered to son, were charged with conspiring The trial was moved to Indio, a Lawton and why the results should with Lawton to commit the killing. small, date-growing community, on the be weighed as evidence. The day these All three insist on their innocence. grounds of alleged "security." Thethree witnesses were brought to court-at Lawton first came to prominence are being held without bail. Lawton substantial exp~nse to the defense­ in Riverside at the time of the assassi­ was originally denied bail because Judge Slaughter announced he would nation of Martin Luther King, Jr. Law­ California law permitted this when a consider the matter at another date ton proposed to the city council that person faced a possible death penalty. This added to the tremendous the public library be renamed after When the state courts struck down fmancial difficulties faced by the Dr. King as a memorial to the slain the death penalty, the judge found defense. The defense staff is function­ rights leader. His proposal infuriated some fme print in the law providing ing on virtually no money and the the racists who dominate town politics, Chulcia Lawton, whose husband denial of bail in an "horrendous" defense attorneys, David Epstein and and the local daily has been running crime. John Mitchell, are meeting essential a campaign of smear and slander faces murder charge, describes Ironically, in the very next court­ legal costs with borrowed funds. against Lawton ever since. racist frame-up at Sept. 8 meeting room to the one in which Lawton and Contributions· to fight this frame­ When Lawton emerged as the of Los Angeles Militant Labor For­ his codefendants are being tried, a up are desperately needed and should principle leader in a series of com~ um. policeman is on trial for killing a be sent to the Gary Lawton Defense munity struggles, the racist campaigr1 Chicano while off-duty. Witnesses Committee, P. 0. Box 5154, San against him intensified. allege that he shot the defenseless man Bernardino, Calif. 92412. The night the cops were shot, He voluntarily submitted to a lie-de­ in cold blood. He is being charged Defense committee speakers are Lawton was one of many Blacks tector test. The test verified the truth only with manslaughter and is free available to. appear at meetings and stopped and searched by police. While of his insistence that he knew nothing on $5,000 bail. fund-raising affairs. For information holding him, they radioed head­ of the shooting. The cops decided the When the trial of Lawton, Jackson, about speakers or literature on the quarters and . then released him machine must not be working and and Gardner opened, the defense case, phone (714) 684-8131. because he did not match in any way tried him again on another one. He moved for a change of venue on the The trial is being held in. the Indio the description offered by area resi­ passed that test and a third one as grounds that the defendants could not Court House. Sessions begin at 9:30 dents of those they saw fleeing the well. obtain a trial by their peers in largely a. m. and are open to the public.