Ubuntu Unleashed 2015 Edition: Covering 14.10
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Matthew Helmke with Andrew Hudson and Paul Hudson Ubuntu UNLEASHED 2015 Edition 800 East 96th Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46240 USA Ubuntu Unleashed 2015 Edition Editor-in-Chief Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. Mark Taub All rights reserved. No part of this book shall be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, record- Acquisitions Editor ing, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. No patent liability is Debra Williams assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein. Although every Cauley precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and author assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. Nor is any liability assumed for Managing Editor damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein. Kristy Hart ISBN-13: 978-0-672-33837-3 Project Editor ISBN-10: 0-672-33837-8 Andy Beaster Library of Congress Control Number: 2014946899 Printed in the United States of America Indexer First Printing November 2014 Cheryl Lenser Trademarks Proofreader All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have Sarah Kearns been appropriately capitalized. Sams Publishing cannot attest to the accuracy of this information. Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity Technical Editors of any trademark or service mark. Micah Brown Elizabeth Krumbach Warning and Disclaimer Every effort has been made to make this book as complete and as accurate as Editorial Assistant possible, but no warranty or fitness is implied. The information provided is on an Kim Boedigheimer “as is” basis. The author and the publisher shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damages arising from the information Media Producer contained in this book or programs accompanying it. Dan Scherf Special Sales Cover Designer For information about buying this title in bulk quantities, or for special sales oppor- Mark Shirar tunities (which may include electronic versions; custom cover designs; and content Compositor particular to your business, training goals, marketing focus, or branding interests), please contact our corporate sales department at [email protected] or Nonie Ratcliff (800) 382-3419. For government sales inquiries, please contact [email protected]. For questions about sales outside the U.S., please contact [email protected]. Contents at a Glance Introduction ........................................................................................ 1 Part I Getting Started 1 Installing Ubuntu and Post-Installation Configuration ............................ 9 2 Background Information and Resources ............................................... 35 Part II Desktop Ubuntu 3 Working with Unity ........................................................................... 49 4 On the Internet ................................................................................. 69 5 Productivity Applications ................................................................... 83 6 Multimedia Applications .................................................................... 93 7 Other Ubuntu Interfaces ....................................................................119 8 Games .............................................................................................127 Part III System Administration 9 Managing Software ...........................................................................139 10 Command-Line Quickstart.................................................................153 11 Command-Line Master Class .............................................................187 12 Managing Users ................................................................................239 13 Automating Tasks and Shell Scripting .................................................267 14 The Boot Process ...............................................................................313 15 System-Monitoring Tools ...................................................................323 16 Backing Up ......................................................................................345 17 Networking ......................................................................................373 18 Remote Access with SSH, Telnet, and VNC ..........................................419 19 Securing Your Machines ....................................................................429 20 Performance Tuning..........................................................................445 21 Kernel and Module Management .......................................................457 Part IV Ubuntu as a Server 22 Sharing Files and Printers ..................................................................479 23 Apache Web Server Management .......................................................495 24 Nginx Web Server Management .........................................................527 25 Other Http Servers ............................................................................539 iv Ubuntu Unleashed 2015 Edition 26 Remote File Serving with FTP .............................................................543 27 Handling Email ................................................................................553 28 Proxying, Reverse Proxying, and Virtual Private Networks (VPN) ...........573 29 Administering Relational Database Services .........................................589 30 NoSQL Databases ..............................................................................615 31 Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) .....................................627 32 Linux Terminal Server Project (LTSP) ..................................................635 33 Virtualization on Ubuntu ..................................................................643 34 Ubuntu in the Cloud ........................................................................653 35 Managing Sets of Servers ...................................................................669 36 Name Serving with the Domain Name System (DNS) ...........................673 Part V Programming Linux 37 Using Programming Tools for Ubuntu ................................................683 38 Opportunistic Development ..............................................................695 39 Helping with Ubuntu Development ...................................................711 40 Helping with Ubuntu Testing and QA ................................................721 41 Using Perl ........................................................................................727 42 Using Python ...................................................................................749 43 Using PHP ........................................................................................769 44 Using Other Popular Programming Languages .....................................801 45 Beginning Mobile Development for Android .......................................815 46 Developing for Ubuntu Mobile/Touch ................................................823 Index ...............................................................................................829 Table of Contents Introduction 1 Licensing ............................................................................................ 2 Who This Book Is For ........................................................................... 3 Those Wanting to Become Intermediate or Advanced Users ............ 3 Sysadmins, Programmers, and DevOps .......................................... 4 What This Book Contains ..................................................................... 5 Conventions Used in This Book ............................................................ 6 Part I Getting Started 1 Installing Ubuntu and Post-Installation Configuration 9 Before You Begin the Installation .......................................................... 9 Researching Your Hardware Specifications ................................... 10 Installation Options ................................................................... 10 32-Bit vs. 64-Bit Ubuntu ............................................................. 12 Planning Partition Strategies ....................................................... 13 The Boot Loader ........................................................................ 13 Installing from DVD or USB Drive ............................................... 14 Step-by-Step Installation ..................................................................... 14 Installing .................................................................................. 15 First Update .............................................................................. 20 Shutting Down .................................................................................. 20 Finding Programs and Files ................................................................. 21 Software Updater ............................................................................... 22 The sudo Command ........................................................................... 25 Configuring Software Repositories ....................................................... 26 System Settings .................................................................................. 28 Detecting and Configuring a Printer ............................................ 29 Configuring Power Management