Forestry Suppliers Lesson Plan Orienteering Forestry Suppliers’ Orienteering F.I.E.L.D. Kit™ Fundamental Investigation of the Environment Leading to Discovery™ Study Kit Correlated to National Science Education Content Standards

If you’re interested in orienteering for Fields of Study: classroom activities, consider the Forestry • Earth Science Suppliers’ Orienteering F.I.E.L.D. Kit. Use the • Mathematics kit for the exercises outlined in this Lesson Plan, as well as other related activities (see “Further Studies” section for a few ideas). National Science Education This F.I.E.L.D. Kit is available exclusively from Content Standards Correlation Forestry Suppliers and includes some of the Grades A B C D E F G items used in this lesson plan. All kit items K-4 3 3 3 3 may also be purchased individually. Call our 5-8 3 3 3 Sales Department at 1-800-647-5368 or visit 9-12 3 3 3 3 us on the web at www.forestry-suppliers.com.

Orienteering Kit Contents Stock Number 36850 Required For This Lesson Plan Qty. Description K-4 5-8 9-12 Stock Number 10 Suunto Partner A-10 Baseplate Compasses 3 3 3 37056 Azimuth (0-360°) 1 Demonstration Compass, Azimuth (0-360°) 3 3 3 36952 10 Orienteering Station Markers 37214 1 Orienteering Control Cards, Pack of 25 36903 1 Orienteering Punches, Style A, Box of 10 36851 1 Be Expert With Map and Compass 37041 1 Orienteering and Map Games for Teachers 26889

Orienteering 1 Grades K-4

Background Procedure your initial review of the compass, its use All of us have been intrigued by the behavior 1. Review the following basic terms or con- and basic parts. For younger student of magnets. Magnets seem to “magically” cepts with students: groups, it may prove helpful to have other teachers or older students present who attract or pull objects to themselves. With • Compass ease, a strong magnet can readily move a have had prior experience with compass • Map use. heavy metallic object. Magnets have many • Magnet specific uses. For example, electric motors • South Pole 8. Once the compass is set, direct them contain electromagnets and give power to our • North Pole to turn their body until the red and black arrow lines up with the red arrow outlined refrigerators, washing machines and many 2. Using a Demonstration Compass, review other machines that are important in our on the compass base. They are not to the following parts of the compass with move the dial. They should now be facing everyday lives. the students: Observations concerning the phenomena 60º. Have them sight a distant object that Bezel The bezel of the compass cap- and behavior of magnets were mentioned in is in line with the 60º and walk towards sule is divided into small degree lines. it measuring or pacing 50 steps and early Chinese writings. The literature makes The spaces between the lines equal two reference to the “attractive power” of the lode- stop. They will then mark this spot on the degrees, the whole bezel representing ground with the stake wire flagging or a stone. Lodestone was found to be magnetic 360 degrees. Each twentieth degree because it attracted metal objects. Another stick. is indicated by a number. The initials of 9. Direct students to turn the compass dial name for lodestone is magnetite. Magnetite is the four cardinal points of the compass iron ore which is a “rock” embedded with iron. to 180º (South). They should face this (North, South, East and West) are also direction, sight an object as they did It has been said that a Chinese general initially marked on the bezel. used a piece of lodestone as a compass. in step 9 and walk another 50 steps. Since lodestone always points in a north- Base Plate Used when getting a travel This spot will be marked as previously south direction if allowed to freely rotate, a direction from a map or measuring dis- directed. piece of lodestone might have been placed tance using a map. 10. Direct students to turn the compass dial on a section or piece of wood or in a float- Capsule Used to obtain bearings. until it reads 300º (North - 60º - West). ing bowl. Placed either way, the lodestone Magnetic Needle Indicates direction Tell them to face this direction and walk would point north. From these applications, of North. 50 steps. If the students have followed the lodestone was probably used as an early Map Scales Provide direct conversions the directions, they will have walked back compass. Military commanders during the from map distances to actual distances to their starting point. Han dynasty (206 BC to 220 AD) used com- on the ground. Note: At all times, students must be reminded to passes. Although lodestone compasses were hold the compass level in their hand. This is easily used for hundreds of years before they were Direction Arrows Two parallel red accomplished if the compass is held palm-up, arm used on ships, during the 1200s Chinese arrows which travel direction is read stretched outward, and away from the body. navigators began to use compasses on ships. along. These arrows are drawn parallel Rubric to the long side edges of the base plate. Primitive compasses became more accurate • Students should be able to explain the pur- when the idea of a compass needle was North-South Arrow and Lines Rotate pose of using a compass. applied. A strip of metal was magnetized when capsule is turned. These markings are especially important when obtaining • Students should be able to find the direction by stroking it with a permanent magnet. of North by using the compass. Balancing this needle on a pivot allowed for a travel direction from a map. • Students should be able to name and give free rotation. After settling, the needle would Rotating Capsule Attached to the basic functions of the compass parts. point to the north. A compass needle will base in a manner by which it can be point north since the earth acts as a very turned easily. • Students should be able to successfully large magnet with two poles, the magnetic 3. Use individual compasses to practice complete the basic activity suggested within North Pole and the magnetic South Pole. finding North. The red end of the mag- this plan. (3-4) Invisible magnetic lines of force exist between netic needle always turns to North when Assessment and connect these two poles. The magnetic the compass is held in a level position. • Teacher will orally quiz students concern- needle on a compass aligns itself with the The red end of the arrow should line up ing the function(s) of the basic parts of the magnetic lines of force that surround the or lie within the outlined red arrow space. compass. earth. This is the reason why you can always When the students understand the basic • Teacher will have students demonstrate determine the direction of north with a com- parts of the compass and how to find pass. proficiency in locating the North direction by North using the compass, then proceed using a compass. Compass skills and knowledge are valuable to the next step. to people of all ages. The use of a compass • Teacher will ask students to explain proce- 4. Select the site where you will conduct dural steps of activity. (3-4) may one day enable the user to find his or her the activity. You may consider an outside way if lost, improve map skills and enhance area such as the schoolyard or if an out- the enjoyment of outdoor experiences. side area is not available, then use a gym- nasium or other large indoor area. 5. Divide your students into groups of 2-4, depending upon your student number. Optimally, each student needs his or her own compass to use. If this is not pos- sible, each pair of students will need a compass. 6. Spread the groups out and direct each group to mark a spot on the ground with stake wire flagging or a stick to note a beginning or starting point. 7. Directing each group to take individual turns, have each student stand over the beginning mark and set their compass at 60º (North 60º East). Each student should have a basic understanding of this after

Orienteering 2 Grades K-4

Further Studies Content Standards Covered • Have students explain and demonstrate to A Science as inquiry other students the basic uses and parts of • Abilities necessary to do scientific a compass. Younger students can easily inquiry direct a fellow student on how to find the • Understanding about scientific inquiry North direction. B Physical Science • Have students use the school, local library • Properties of objects and materials or a guided Internet search to find informa- E Science and Technology tion concerning the following terms and • Abilities of technological design people: G History and Nature of Science • Magnets • Science as a human endeavor • Huang-ti (ancient Chinese General) Additional Materials Needed • Permanent/Temporary Magnets Supplied by Teacher/Student(s) • Thales (Greek Mathematician) • Overhead projector • Lodestone • Sticks • Tuomas Vohlonen • Electromagnets Optional Items • Mark or “map out” a trail students must fol- Optional items available from Forestry low by using the compass directions you Suppliers that can be used to enhance this provide. Place a “treasure” at the end of the lesson plan. trail to be found by those who have accu- • Stake Wire Flagging, Orange 33501 rately followed your directions. • Using the Forestry Suppliers Orienteering F.I.E.L.D. Kit, you may lead older students in an orienteering exercise indoors or out- doors. • Using Be Expert With Map and Compass you may include further studies to enhance compass and map skills. These lesson plans are provided for the benefit of science educators and can be freely downloaded from our web site at www.forestry-suppliers.com. If you have an idea or other suggestions for future lesson plans, we’d like to hear from you! Send an e- mail to [email protected].

Orienteering 3 Grades 5-8

Background Procedure initial review of the compass, its use and All of us have been intrigued by the behavior 1. Review the following basic terms or con- basic parts. For younger student groups, of magnets. Magnets seem to “magically” cepts with students: it may prove helpful to have present other attract or pull objects to themselves. With teachers or older students who have had • Compass prior experience with compass use. ease, a strong magnet can readily move a • Map heavy metallic object. Magnets have many • Magnet 8. Once the compass has been set, direct specific uses. For example, electric motors • South Pole the students to turn their body until the contain electromagnets. Electric motors give • North Pole red and black arrow lines up with the red arrow outlined on the compass base. power to our refrigerators, washing machines 2. Using a Demonstration Compass, review and many other machines that are important They are not to move the dial. They the following parts of the compass with should now be facing 60º. Have them in our everyday lives. the students: Observations concerning the phenomena sight a distant object that is in line with Bezel The bezel of the compass cap- and behavior of magnets were mentioned in the 60º and walk towards it measuring or sule is divided into small degree lines. pacing 30 meters and stop. They will then early Chinese writings. The literature makes The spaces between the lines equal two reference to the “attractive power” of the lode- mark this spot on the ground with a stake degrees, the whole bezel representing wire flag or a stick. stone. Lodestone was found to be magnetic 360 degrees. Each twentieth degree since it attracted metal objects. Another name 9. Direct students to turn the compass dial is indicated by a number. The initials of to 180º (South). They should face this for lodestone is magnetite. Magnetite is iron the four cardinal points of the compass ore which is a “rock” embedded with iron. It direction, sight an object as they did (North, South, East and West) are also in step 9, and walk another 30 meters. has been said that a Chinese general initially marked on the bezel. used a piece of lodestone as a compass. This spot will be marked as previously Since lodestone always points in a north- Base Plate Used when getting a travel directed. south direction if allowed to freely rotate, a direction from a map or measuring dis- 10. Direct students to turn the compass dial piece of lodestone might have been placed tance using a map. until it reads 300º (North - 60º - West). on a section or piece of wood or in a float- Capsule Used to obtain bearings. Tell them to face this direction and walk ing bowl. Placed either way, the lodestone Magnetic Needle Indicates direction 30 meters (use a meter stick or measur- would point north. From these applications, of North. ing tape).If the students have followed the the lodestone was probably used as an early Map Scales Provide direct conversions directions, they will have walked back to compass. Military commanders during the from map distances to actual distances their starting point. Han dynasty (206 BC to 220 AD) used com- on the ground. Note: At all times, students must be reminded to passes. Although lodestone compasses were hold the compass level in their hand. This is easily used for hundreds of years before they were Direction Arrows Two parallel red accomplished if the compass is held palm-up, arm used on ships, during the 1200s Chinese arrows which travel direction is read stretched outward, and away from the body. navigators began to use compasses on ships. along. These arrows are drawn parallel 11. “Map-out” a trail by providing students to the long side edges of the base plate. Primitive compasses became more accurate with compass directions. This may be when the idea of a compass needle was North-South Arrow and Lines Rotate completed outside or inside. applied. A strip of metal was magnetized when capsule is turned. These markings 12. Provide trail directions that will lead stu- by stroking it with a permanent magnet. are especially important when obtaining dents to a treasure that can only be found Balancing this needle on a pivot allowed for a travel direction from a map. by following the directions. free rotation. After settling, the needle would Rotating Capsule Attached to the 13. Have students (when age appropriate) point to the north. A compass needle will base in a manner by which it can be show trail followed by drawing correlated point north because the earth acts as a very turned easily. angles to compass directions on grid or large magnet with two poles: the magnetic 3. Use individual compasses to practice graph paper that show the trail followed. North Pole and the magnetic South Pole. finding North. The red end of the mag- Rubric Invisible magnetic lines of force exist between netic needle always turns to North when and connect these two poles. The magnetic the compass is held in a level position. • Students should be able to relate informa- needle on a compass aligns itself with the The red end of the arrow should line up tion concerning the history of the compass. magnetic lines of force that surround the or lie within the outlined red arrow space. • Students should be able to exhibit proficien- earth. This is the reason why you can always When the students understand the basic cy in basic compass use and function. determine the direction of north with a com- parts of the compass and how to find • Students should be able to follow detailed pass. North using the compass, proceed to the instructions concerning the navigation of a Compass skills and knowledge are valuable next step. teacher-given trail or set of directions. to people of all ages. The use of a compass 4. Select the site where you will conduct Assessment may one day enable the user to find his or her the activity. You may consider an outside way if lost, improve map skills and enhance • Teacher will have students demonstrate pro- area such as the schoolyard. If an outside ficiency in compass parts, function and use. the enjoyment of outdoor experiences. area is not available, use a gymnasium or other large indoor area. • Teacher will give compass directions to each student. Each student must be able to 5. Divide your students into groups of 2-4, successfully follow these and reach a desig- depending upon your student number. nated point. Optimally, each student needs his or her own compass to use. If this is not pos- • Teacher will have students show correlated sible, each pair of students will need a compass directions (using angles, etc.) by compass. drawing on grid or graph paper. 6. Spread the groups out, directing each group to mark a spot on the ground with a stake wire flag or a stick to note a beginning or starting point. 7. Directing each group to take individual turns, have them stand over the beginning mark and set their compass at 60º (North 60º East). Each student should have a basic understanding of this after your

Orienteering 4 Grades 5-8

Further Studies Content Standards Covered • Have the students complete research on A Science as inquiry what is meant by the length of a single • Abilities necessary to do scientific pace. inquiry • Have students explain and demonstrate to • Understanding about scientific inquiry other students the basic uses and parts of E Science and Technology a compass. Younger students can easily • Abilities of technological design direct a fellow student on how to find the • Understandings about science and North direction. technology • Have students use the school, local library G History and Nature of Science or a guided Internet search to find informa- • Science as a human endeavor tion concerning the following terms and • History of science people: Additional Materials Needed • Magnetic Fields Supplied by Teacher/Student(s) • Huang-ti (ancient Chinese General) • Overhead projector • Permanent/Temporary Magnets • Sticks • Thales (Greek Mathematician) • Measuring Stick/Meter Stick or Tape • Lodestone Measure • Tuomas Vohlonen Optional Items • Electromagnets • Tolsa Optional items available from Forestry • Magnetic Domain Suppliers that can be used to enhance this • William Gilbert Versorium lesson plan. • Pierre deMaricourt • Quadrille Style Grid Paper 45181 • Declination • Cross Section Style Grid Paper 45188 • North Pole • Wooden Meter Stick 71166 • Magnetic North Pole • 100´/30m Fiberglass Tape 40118 • Using the Forestry Suppliers Orienteering • Stake Wire Flagging, Orange 33501 F.I.E.L.D. Kit, you may lead older students in an orienteering exercise indoors or out- doors. • Using Explore the World with a Map and Compass, you may include further studies to enhance compass and map skills. • Complete research on what is meant by the length of a single pace. These lesson plans are provided for the benefit of science educators and can be freely downloaded from our web site at www.forestry-suppliers.com. If you have an idea or other suggestions for future lesson plans, we’d like to hear from you! Send an e- mail to [email protected].

Orienteering 5 Grades 9-12

Background The red end of the arrow should line up Rubric Historically, the Chinese exhibited interest in or lie within the outlined red arrow space. • Students must exhibit proficiency in the the phenomena and behavior of magnets dur- When the students understand the basic understanding of compass function and ing the ancient ages. Chinese literature makes parts of the compass and how to find use. reference to the magnetic behavior of lode- North using the compass, then proceed to the next step. • Students will be able to follow basic com- stone or magnetite, an iron ore. It was said pass directions. that a Chinese general initially used a piece 4. Select the site where you will conduct the activity. You may consider an outside • Students will successfully complete a teach- of lodestone as a compass. Lodestone was er given orienteering course. found to always point in a north-south direc- area such as the schoolyard. If an outside tion if allowed to freely rotate. The Chinese area is not available, use a gymnasium or • Students should be able to relate the histori- used this knowledge to produce an early form other large indoor area. cal information concerning the creation and of the compass. 5. Divide your students into groups of 2-4, development of the compass. Primitive compasses became more accurate depending upon your student number. • Students should have a strong understand- with the application of a magnetic compass Optimally, each student needs his or her ing of the concepts of magnetism. needle balancing on a pivot for free rotation own compass to use. If this is not pos- Assessment in a northward orientation. This orientation is sible, each pair of students will need a • Teacher will give a written or oral quiz con- due to the presence of magnetic fields sur- compass. cerning the identification and functions of rounding the earth. A magnetic needle on a 6. Spread the groups out. Direct each group each compass part. compass will align itself with these magnetic to mark a spot on the ground with stake lines of force. • Teacher will ask each student to demon- wire flagging or a stick to note a starting strate basic use of compass: The proficient knowledge and use of a mod- point. ern compass is very valuable. Such knowl- • Find North. 7. Direct each group to take individual turns • Follow compass directions. edge and use enable one to find his or her standing over the beginning mark and set way without roads or a noted trail. Compass • Follow directions to complete trail by their compass at 60º (North 60º East). compass use. use can also open more paths of enjoyment Each student should have a basic under- outdoors! • Complete orienteering successfully, standing of this after your initial review of unaided by teacher. Procedure the compass, its use and basic parts. • Teacher will quiz students concerning 1. Review the following basic terms or con- 8. Once they have set the compass, direct history and uses of a compass. cepts with students: them to turn their body until the red and Further Studies • Compass black arrow lines up with the red arrow outlined on the compass base. They are • Have the students complete research on the • Map following related topics and people: • Magnet not to move the dial. They should now • South Pole be facing 60º. Have them sight a distant • Magnetic Fields • North Pole object that is in line with the 60º and walk • Huang-ti (ancient Chinese General) towards it measuring or pacing 30 meters • Telsa 2. Using a Demonstration Compass, review and stop. They will then mark this spot • Thales (Greek Mathematician) the following parts of the compass with on the ground with stake wire flagging or • Gauss the students: a stick. • Tuomas Vohlonen Bezel The bezel of the compass cap- 9. Direct students to turn the compass dial • Geographic North Pole sule is divided into small degree lines. to 180º (South). They should face this • Tolsa The spaces between the lines equal two direction, sight an object as they did • Magnetic Domain degrees, the whole bezel representing in step 9 and walk another 30 meters. • William Gilbert 360 degrees. Each twentieth degree This spot will be marked as previously • Versorium is indicated by a number. The initials of directed. • Pierre deMaricourt the four cardinal points of the compass • Declination 10. Direct students to turn the compass dial (North, South, East and West) are also • Hans Christian until it reads 300º (North - 60º - West). marked on the bezel. • Magnetic North Pole Tell them to face this direction and walk • Michael Farraday Base Plate Used when getting a travel 30 meters. Use a meter stick or a mea- • Ferromagnetic direction from a map or measuring dis- suring tape. If the students have followed • Paramagnetic tance using a map. the directions, they will have walked back • Diamagnetic Capsule Used to obtain bearings. to their starting point. Magnetic Needle Indicates direction Note: At all times, students must be reminded to • Research information on the differences of North. hold the compass level in their hand. This is easily between a temporary and permanent mag- accomplished if the compass is held palm up, arm net and how the modern day compass was Map Scales Provide direct conversions stretched outward, and away from the body. developed. from map distances to actual distances 11. Using the Forestry Suppliers Orienteering on the ground. • Research the magnetic characteristics of F.I.E.L.D. Kit, direct the students to com- Iron, Cobalt and Nickel. Direction Arrows Two parallel red plete one of the orienteering course activi- arrows which travel direction is read • Complete research on what is meant by the ties provided in the kit materials. length of a single pace. along. These arrows are drawn parallel 12. Provide trail directions that will lead them to the long side edges of the base plate. These lesson plans are provided for the benefit of to a treasure that can only be found by science educators and can be freely downloaded North-South Arrow and Lines Rotate following the teacher-given directions. from our web site at www.forestry-suppliers.com. when capsule is turned. These markings 13. Have students draw correlated angles of If you have an idea or other suggestions for future are especially important when obtaining lesson plans, we’d like to hear from you! Send an e- the compass directions on grid or graph mail to [email protected]. a travel direction from a map. paper that show the trail they followed. Rotating Capsule Attached to the base in a manner by which it can be turned easily. 3. Use individual compasses to practice finding North. The red end of the mag- netic needle always turns to North when the compass is held in a level position.

Orienteering 6 Grades 9-12

Content Standards Covered Additional Materials Needed A Science as inquiry Supplied by Teacher/Student(s) • Abilities necessary to do scientific • Overhead projector inquiry • Sticks • Understanding about scientific inquiry Optional Items B Physical Science • Properties of objects and materials Optional items available from Forestry E Science and Technology Suppliers that can be used to enhance this • Abilities of technological design lesson plan. G History and Nature of Science • Stake Wire Flagging, Orange 33501 • Science as a human endeavor

Orienteering 7