DOCSLIB.ORG

Goliath Grouper Epinephelus Itajara in the Florida Keys, USA

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Goliath Grouper Epinephelus Itajara in the Florida Keys, USA Vol. 2: 1–6, 2006 ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH Printed December 2006 Previously ESR 1: 1–6, 2006 Endang Species Res Published online March 30, 2006 Habitat use of juvenile goliath grouper Epinephelus itajara in the Florida Keys, USA Sarah Frias-Torres* Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (RSMAS-UM), NOAA-NMFS Southeast Fisheries Science Center, 75 Virginia Beach Drive, Miami, Florida 33149-1003, USA ABSTRACT: This study reports the distribution, abundance and habitat use of juvenile goliath grouper Epinephelus itajara along fringing red mangrove Rhizophora mangle shorelines of the Florida Keys, USA. The species has been protected from fishing in US waters since 1992, after reach- ing commercial extinction, yet juvenile habitat use remains poorly studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the importance of underwater mangrove habitat structure and complexity in determining distribution of juvenile goliath grouper in the Florida Keys. Visual underwater surveys were used to record juvenile presence, abundance and size. Habitat characteristics as continuous variables (depth, canopy, overhang and prop root width) and nominal variables (bottom type, sun exposure, shoreline shape and shoreline type) were also recorded. Juveniles aggregated in sites with high structural complexity, soft sediment and eroded shorelines. Well-developed fringing red mangrove shorelines were the preferred juvenile goliath grouper habitat. KEY WORDS: Mangroves · Nursery · Epinephelus itajara · Essential fish habitat · Visual census Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher INTRODUCTION sion on the World Conservation Union’s Red List of Threatened Species as critically endangered (Hudson The goliath grouper Epinephelus itajara is the & Mace 1996). A fishing ban has been in effect in US largest grouper in the Atlantic Ocean and one of the 2 waters since 1992 (Sadovy & Eklund 1999). largest species of groupers in the world, exceeding 2 m The species is mangrove-dependent, and shows in total length, and 400 kg in weight (Sadovy & Eklund a distinct size-related habitat shift, with juveniles 1999). It is one of few groupers able to live in brackish (<110 cm total length, TL) found exclusively in fringing water, and tolerate low oxygen levels, at least as juve- red mangrove Rhizophora mangle shorelines and niles (Smith 1976). The species occurs in tropical and adults (>110 cm TL) found in coral reefs, isolated patch subtropical waters of the Atlantic Ocean, from Florida reefs, reef/rock ledges, and artificial structures (Bohn- to Brazil (to Sao Paulo), throughout the Gulf of Mexico, sack & al. 1999, Sadovy & Eklund 1999). Juveniles are the Caribbean and along the western African coast rare in most fringing red mangrove habitats of south- from Senegal to Congo. It is also present in the eastern ern Florida. When the fishing ban started, most juve- Pacific from the Gulf of California to Peru (Heemstra & niles were only found in the mangrove shorelines of Randall 1993). the Ten Thousand Islands, southwest Florida, consid- Epinephelus itajara are extremely vulnerable to ered the historical center of abundance for this species overfishing (Bullock et al. 1992) due to a combination (Sadovy & Eklund 1999). Previous studies of juvenile of life history traits typical in large serranid fish, such home ranges and water quality (A. M. Eklund et al. as slow growth, long life (3 or 4 decades), late sexual unpubl. data), and movement patterns (Eklund & maturity (5 yr), strong site fidelity, and formation of Schull 2001) were conducted exclusively in southwest spawning aggregations (Bullock et al. 1992, Huntsman Florida, where lack of visibility had prevented visual et al. 1999, Sadovy & Eklund 1999, Eklund & Schull underwater census and studies of habitat preferences 2001). In 1994, commercial extinction prompted inclu- were done using traps. No previous studies have *Email: [email protected] © Inter-Research 2006 · www.int-res.com 2 Endang Species Res 2: 1–6, 2006 examined mangrove habitat use for this species in the Fieldwork. Fieldwork was planned with the aid of Florida Keys. aerial photographs (Digital Orthophotos acquired from A decade after protection started, fishermen the U.S. Geological Service) that were integrated into a reported sightings in the Florida Keys mangroves, Geographic Information System (GIS, ESRI ArcView which provided an indication that the species might 3.2a) followed by on-site underwater inspections of be returning to its original distribution range. The Pine, Niles and Kemp Channels. Based on preliminary aim of this study is to investigate the importance of work, the experimental design included a directed, underwater mangrove habitat structure and complex- non-random sampling in Kemp, Niles and Pine ity in determining distribution of juvenile Epineph- Channels, and a stratified random sampling (Under- elus itajara along fringing red mangrove shorelines in wood 1997) in Niles Channel. Non-random sites were the Florida Keys. The objectives were to quantify selected based on reports from fishermen, and prelim- habitat preferences, and evaluate if differences in inary surveys which confirmed juvenile occurrence. habitat features along the shoreline explain juvenile The study area selected is representative of the fring- distribution. ing red mangrove shorelines of the Florida Keys (Fig. 1). This phase of the research was also used as diver calibration for the visual surveys. MATERIALS AND METHODS Criteria for strata classification for random sampling included island size as big (>1 km long) versus small Study area. This study was conducted in 3 channels (<1 km long) keys, and location within Niles channel. of the Lower Florida Keys: Niles, Kemp and Pine The shorelines of Niles Channel were separated into 5 Channels, between latitudes 24° 45’ N and 24° 37.5’ N, different strata: CS (channel small keys), NWS (north- and longitudes 81° 27.5’ W and 81° 22.5’ W, within the west small keys), NES (northeast small keys), EB Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (Fig. 1). (eastern big keys), and WB (western big keys) (Fig. 1). Mangroves in this region associate with sediment Maximum tide amplitude in all strata is 0.5 m. In deposits over the shallow Pleistocene formations of order to sample each stratum in proportion to its the lower Florida Peninsula (Gilmore & Snedaker shoreline length, strata were measured in GIS, a list 1993). These are low-energy shorelines where fine of random numbers for each size was generated, and sediments, muds and clays settle (Odum et al. 1982). sample locations were assigned in GIS as latitude- The area contains 3 of the 5 charac- teristic mangrove forest types of A southern Florida (Gilmore & Snedaker B 3 South 1993): fringe forests, dwarf mangrove Florida NES Gulf of forests and overwash mangrove Mexico islands. The dominant species is red 1 mangrove . Man- Rhizophora mangle Atlantic grove fringe forests occur along large NWS Ocean keys separated by wide tidal channels that connect the Gulf of Mexico with EB the Atlantic Ocean in a northwest to WB southeast axis. Here, the canopy 2 WB foliage forms a vertical wall reaching up to 7 m. Dwarf mangrove forests CS occur along portions of the larger keys, where rock substrate, freshwa- ter flow and tidal activity are limited. Land WB Dwarf mangroves have a maximum 0 – 0.5 m height at maturity of about 1 m, and 0.5 – 1 m develop an extensive prop root sys- 1 – 4 m tem. Small, remote overwash man- 4 – 10 m 0 1 km grove islands abound on the Gulf side of the channels. Tidal waters over- wash these islands in almost every Fig. 1. Study area. (A) South Florida and Florida Keys. (B) Location of Niles (1), Kemp (2) and Pine (3) Channels and the 5 strata used for the random sampling tidal cycle, and tidal currents often (see key). Circles indicate the location of non-random transects. EB: eastern big erode the peat deposits forming keys; WB: western big keys; NES: northeastern small keys; NWS: northwestern underwater ledges or undercuts. small keys; CS: channel small keys Frias-Torres: Habitat use of juvenile goliath grouper 3 longitude coordinates. A Garmin® Venture Global overhang, and canopy width were analyzed using a Positioning System (GPS) and a printout of the aerial Mann-Whitney Rank Sum Test while variations in bot- photographs were used to reach the transect locations tom type, shoreline type and shape, and light level in the field. were analyzed using chi-square tests of association. A total of 100 stratified random transects (14 on CS, To test for differences based on transect habitat 16 in NWS, 10 in NES, 26 in EB and 34 in WB) and 9 characteristics, coding was used to include nominal non-random transects (goliath grouper, GG) were sur- variables in the analyses. Principal component analy- veyed, from May 17 to July 30 2004. Depths sampled sis (PCA) was used to examine affinities among tran- ranged from 0 to 4 m. Visual surveys consisted of a sects, reduce the number of variables and detect 30 m long, 2 m wide, belt-shaped transect method relationships between variables. Resulting principal along the shoreline, considered a rapid and effective components were presented in a graph. Cluster technique for gathering data in mangrove-lined shore- analysis was used to examine affinities among strata. lines (Serafy et al. 2003). The method involved Ward’s minimum-variance method (Milligan 1980) snorkelling parallel to the shore and recording the was used. The analysis was conducted on a matrix number and size of juveniles. The area censused per composed of strata mean values of the log-trans- transect was 60 m2. Crevices or undercuts found along formed data for each variable (Serafy et al. 1997). transects were examined by free-diving. The TL of the Resulting intercluster distances were presented in a fish was measured comparing them to a 1 m long PVC dendrogram. pole, labelled at 5 cm intervals, with a 30 cm ruler attached perpendicular to the end.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Red Tail Barracuda (Acestrorhynchus Falcatus) Ecological Risk Screening Summary
    Red Tail Barracuda (Acestrorhynchus falcatus) Ecological Risk Screening Summary U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, March 2014 Revised, January 2018 and June 2018 Web Version, 6/7/2018 Photo: S. Brosse. Licensed under Creative Commons (CC BY-NC). Available: http://www.fishbase.org/photos/PicturesSummary.php?StartRow=0&ID=23498&what=species& TotRec=2 (January 2018). 1 1 Native Range, and Status in the United States Native Range From Froese and Pauly (2017): “South America: Amazon and Orinoco River basins and rivers of Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana.” Status in the United States This species has not been reported as introduced or established in the United States. This species is in trade in the United States. For example: From Pet Zone Tropical Fish (2018): “Red Tail Barracuda […] Your Price: $29.99 […] Product Description Red Tail Barracuda (Acestrorhynchus falcatus)” Pet Zone Tropical Fish is based in San Diego, California. From Arizona Aquatic Gardens (2018): “Yellow Tail Barracuda Acestrorhynchus falcatus List: $129.00 - $149.00 $68.00 – $88.00” Arizona Aquatic Gardens is based in Tucson, Arizona. Means of Introductions in the United States This species has not been reported as introduced or established in the United States. 2 Biology and Ecology Taxonomic Hierarchy and Taxonomic Standing From ITIS (2018): Kingdom Animalia Subkingdom Bilateria Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Infraphylum Gnathostomata Superclass Osteichthyes Class Actinopterygii 2 Subclass Neopterygii Infraclass Teleostei Superorder Ostariophysi
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 11 the Biology and Ecology of the Oceanic Whitetip Shark, Carcharhinus Longimanus
    Chapter 11 The Biology and Ecology of the Oceanic Whitetip Shark, Carcharhinus longimanus Ramón Bonfi l, Shelley Clarke and Hideki Nakano Abstract The oceanic whitetip shark (Carcharhinus longimanus) is a common circumtropical preda- tor and is taken as bycatch in many oceanic fi sheries. This summary of its life history, dis- tribution and abundance, and fi shery-related information is supplemented with unpublished data taken during Japanese tuna research operations in the Pacifi c Ocean. Oceanic whitetips are moderately slow-growing sharks that do not appear to have differential growth rates by sex, and individuals in the Atlantic and Pacifi c Oceans seem to grow at similar rates. They reach sexual maturity at approximately 170–200 cm total length (TL), or 4–7 years of age, and have a 9- to 12-month embryonic development period. Pupping and nursery areas are thought to exist in the central Pacifi c, between 0ºN and 15ºN. According to two demographic metrics, the resilience of C. longimanus to fi shery exploitation is similar to that of blue and shortfi n mako sharks. Nevertheless, reported oceanic whitetip shark catches in several major longline fi sheries represent only a small fraction of total shark catches, and studies in the Northwest Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico suggest that this species has suffered signifi cant declines in abundance. Stock assessment has been severely hampered by the lack of species-specifi c catch data in most fi sheries, but recent implementation of species-based reporting by the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) and some of its member countries will provide better data for quantitative assessment.
    [Show full text]
  • Honoring the Family Meal Helping Families Be Healthier and Happier with Quick, Easy Seafood Meals
    Honoring the Family Meal Helping families be healthier and happier with quick, easy seafood meals OCTOBER IS NATIONAL SEAFOOD MONTH Seafood Nutrition Partnership is here to inspire Americans to enjoy seafood at least twice a week by showing how buying and Fun ways to preparing seafood is simple and delicious! USE THIS TOOLKIT For National Seafood Month in October, we are bringing the This toolkit is designed to inspire and focus back to family. demonstrate how you can implement National Seafood Month this October. Magic happens during family mealtime when children and parents Within the theme, several messaging tracks gather around the table and engage each other in conversation. Family meals eaten at home have been proven to benefit the will be promoted to speak to different health and wellness of children and adolescents, to fight obesity consumers. Please utilize the turnkey and substance abuse, and to make families stronger—creating a resources and messaging, or work with us to positive impact on our communities and our nation as a whole. customize it for your audiences. Join us as we work collaboratively with health partners, ▶ Quick, Easy Weeknight Meals seafood companies, retailers and dietitians from across the Many fish dishes cook in 15 minutes or less country to bring families back to the table. ▶ Fun Ways to Engage Seafood Nutrition Partnership is partnering with the Food Little Seafoodies Marketing Institute Foundation to emphasize the importance of Get kids cooking in the kitchen family meals, expanding National Family Meals Month throughout the year and into a true movement — the Family Meals Movement.
    [Show full text]
  • MAF Underwatermission Synopsis Final
    Conceived by Max Serio Developed by Max Serio, John Hopkins, Martin Kase, Tina Dalton Directed by Max Serio, Tina Dalton Narrated by Rachel King, Juliet Jordan, Marcello Fabrizi Underwater Mission: Cleaner Friends First episode of the series. Our heroes: Sara,Maxi and Emma the sea turtle will explore who are their Cleaner Friends. Their adventure will be supported with the valuable information of "Sea Pad" their "friend-board computer". Cleaner Friends : Cleaner shrimp,moray eel,Blue Streak Cleaner Wrasse,Moorish Idols,Humphead Wrasse,Spadefish, sea star,Mushroom Coral,Bristletooths. Underwater Mission: Predators In this episode Sara and Max will experience an interesting trip with Emma the sea tur- tle. “Sea Pad” is going to show them the most interesting underwater predators and their habbits. Predators : Mooray eel (Ribbon eel, White eyed moray eel), Sand conger eel, Barracudas, Stonefish, Anglerfish, Lionfish, Mantis Shrimp, White tip reef shark, Tiger Shark Underwater Mission: Crazy Colours Maxi and Sara are going to visit the most colourful environment they have ever seen. Emma the sea turtle will take them to an underwater trip where they find the beautiful wolrd of crazy-coloured fish. Crazy-coloured fish : Gold Belly Damsel Fish, Emperor Angelfish, Yellow Ribbon Sweetlip, Peach Fairies, Anemones, Corals, Clown Trigger fish, Butterfly fish, Leopard coral trout, Scribbled Filefish, Lionfish, Cuttlefish, Nudibranch, Parrotfish Underwater Mission: Startling Shapes There are many shapes that the sea creatures and objects have. Emma, Sara and Maxi are going to discover as much of them as they can. Those they can’t spot on the first glance will be uncovered by the trusted clever “Sea pad”.
    [Show full text]
  • Forage Fish Management Plan
    Oregon Forage Fish Management Plan November 19, 2016 Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife Marine Resources Program 2040 SE Marine Science Drive Newport, OR 97365 (541) 867-4741 http://www.dfw.state.or.us/MRP/ Oregon Department of Fish & Wildlife 1 Table of Contents Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 4 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 6 Purpose and Need ..................................................................................................................................... 6 Federal action to protect Forage Fish (2016)............................................................................................ 7 The Oregon Marine Fisheries Management Plan Framework .................................................................. 7 Relationship to Other State Policies ......................................................................................................... 7 Public Process Developing this Plan .......................................................................................................... 8 How this Document is Organized .............................................................................................................. 8 A. Resource Analysis ....................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Ribbon Reefs Dive Site Info
    Ribbon Reefs - Dive Sites The Cod Hole The world-famous Cod Hole is home to numerous Potato Cod. These huge fish are quite used to divers, offering the chance to get up close and personal, and are quite willing to pose for a photo whilst visiting one of the many cleaning stations. Whilst usually docile and relaxed, the Cod feed allows divers to see the spectacle of these fish feeding in action. The shallows of Cod Hole offer excellent coral life to explore and the chance to search for many hidden treasures. Follow the terraced reef down for the chance to witness pelagic fish on their way past. Though susceptible to current on an incoming tide, this makes for an excellent drift dive. Marine Life • Giant Potato Cod • Flowery Cod • Spine Cheek Anemonefish • Lionfish • Pygmy Sea Horse • Reef Sharks • Red Bass • Nudibranchs • Lacey Scorpionfish • Ghost Pipefish Dynamite Pass Get the tides right and you are in for a thrilling drift dive along the reef wall of Cormorant Reef. Sit back, enjoy the ride and let Dynamite Pass blow your mind as a plethora of marine life passes right in front of your eyes. Marine Life • Reef Sharks • Lagoon Rays • Flounder • Green Turtles • Sweetlips • Mackerel • Soft Corals • Caverns The Snake Pit An isolated reef between Lizard Island and #10 Ribbon Reef. Living up to its name, this site is famous for the Olive Sea Snakes found here. These snakes tend to be curious of divers entering their domain and have been known to be fascinated with their reflection in a camera lens.
    [Show full text]
  • Clean &Unclean Meats
    Clean & Unclean Meats God expects all who desire to have a relationship with Him to live holy lives (Exodus 19:6; 1 Peter 1:15). The Bible says following God’s instructions regarding the meat we eat is one aspect of living a holy life (Leviticus 11:44-47). Modern research indicates that there are health benets to eating only the meat of animals approved by God and avoiding those He labels as unclean. Here is a summation of the clean (acceptable to eat) and unclean (not acceptable to eat) animals found in Leviticus 11 and Deuteronomy 14. For further explanation, see the LifeHopeandTruth.com article “Clean and Unclean Animals.” BIRDS CLEAN (Eggs of these birds are also clean) Chicken Prairie chicken Dove Ptarmigan Duck Quail Goose Sage grouse (sagehen) Grouse Sparrow (and all other Guinea fowl songbirds; but not those of Partridge the corvid family) Peafowl (peacock) Swan (the KJV translation of “swan” is a mistranslation) Pheasant Teal Pigeon Turkey BIRDS UNCLEAN Leviticus 11:13-19 (Eggs of these birds are also unclean) All birds of prey Cormorant (raptors) including: Crane Buzzard Crow (and all Condor other corvids) Eagle Cuckoo Ostrich Falcon Egret Parrot Kite Flamingo Pelican Hawk Glede Penguin Osprey Grosbeak Plover Owl Gull Raven Vulture Heron Roadrunner Lapwing Stork Other birds including: Loon Swallow Albatross Magpie Swi Bat Martin Water hen Bittern Ossifrage Woodpecker ANIMALS CLEAN Leviticus 11:3; Deuteronomy 14:4-6 (Milk from these animals is also clean) Addax Hart Antelope Hartebeest Beef (meat of domestic cattle) Hirola chews
    [Show full text]
  • 1 a Petition to List the Oceanic Whitetip Shark
    A Petition to List the Oceanic Whitetip Shark (Carcharhinus longimanus) as an Endangered, or Alternatively as a Threatened, Species Pursuant to the Endangered Species Act and for the Concurrent Designation of Critical Habitat Oceanic whitetip shark (used with permission from Andy Murch/Elasmodiver.com). Submitted to the U.S. Secretary of Commerce acting through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the National Marine Fisheries Service September 21, 2015 By: Defenders of Wildlife1 535 16th Street, Suite 310 Denver, CO 80202 Phone: (720) 943-0471 (720) 942-0457 [email protected] [email protected] 1 Defenders of Wildlife would like to thank Courtney McVean, a law student at the University of Denver, Sturm college of Law, for her substantial research and work preparing this Petition. 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................... 4 II. GOVERNING PROVISIONS OF THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT ............................................. 5 A. Species and Distinct Population Segments ....................................................................... 5 B. Significant Portion of the Species’ Range ......................................................................... 6 C. Listing Factors ....................................................................................................................... 7 D. 90-Day and 12-Month Findings ........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Reproductive Biology of Barracuda, Sphyraena Guachancho, on Ivorian Coasts (Eastern Central Atlantic) C
    Reproductive Biology of Barracuda, Sphyraena Guachancho, on Ivorian Coasts (eastern Central Atlantic) C. M. A. Akadje, Y. N. Amon, K. N’Da, François Le Loc’h To cite this version: C. M. A. Akadje, Y. N. Amon, K. N’Da, François Le Loc’h. Reproductive Biology of Barracuda, Sphyraena Guachancho, on Ivorian Coasts (eastern Central Atlantic). Vie et Milieu / Life & Envi- ronment, Observatoire Océanologique - Laboratoire Arago, 2019, 69 (2-3), pp.177-185. hal-02749011 HAL Id: hal-02749011 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02749011 Submitted on 3 Jun 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. VIE ET MILIEU - LIFE AND ENVIRONMENT, 2019, 69 (2-3): 177-185 REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF BARRACUDA, SPHYRAENA GUACHANCHO, ON IVORIAN COASTS (EASTERN CENTRAL ATLANTIC) C. M. A. AKADJE 1, 2, Y. N. AMON 3, K. N’da 4, F. LE Loc’h 5* 1 Laboratoire des Ressources Aquatiques Vivantes, Centre de Recherches Océanologiques, BP V 14 18, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire 2 University of Man, UFR Forestry and Environmental Agronomic Engineering, BP 20 Man, Côte d’Ivoire 3 Université Peleforo Gon Coulibaly, UFR-Sciences Biologiques, BP 1328 Korhogo, Côte d’Ivoire 4 Laboratoire de biologie cytologie animale, Université d’Abobo-Adjamé, 02 BP 801, Abidjan 16, Côte d’Ivoire 5 IRD, Univ Brest, CNRS, Ifremer, LEMAR, IUEM, F-29280 Plouzane, France * Corresponding author: [email protected] SPHYRAENA GUACHANCHO ABSTRACT.
    [Show full text]
  • Travel to Peru with Chef Mawa Mcqueen&Apos;S
    COOKING WITH THE QUEEN “A COMMUNITY THAT COOKS TOGETHER, STAYS TOGETHER” TRAVELING TO PERU WITH THE QUEEN CHEF MAWA MENU PERUVIAN STYLE FISH OR SHRIMP CEVICHE LOMO SALTADO TRADITIONAL PERUVIAN COCKTAIL “PISCO SOUR” ZOOM IN HERE WWW.MAWASKITCHEN.COM FRIDAY, JUNE 19TH – 5:30 PM MDT CHEF MAWA MCQUEEN Sponsored by ONE SNOWMASS PENTHOUSE – INSPIRATO SILVERPEAK HOLDINGS LARSEN LIMITED WWW.MAWASKITCHEN.COM | WWW.ALLINSNOWMASS.COM 1 INSTAGRAM @MAWASKITCHEN | #ZOOMCOOKINGWITHMAWA PERUVIAN STYLE FISH OR SHRIMP CEVICHE A Latin American favorite! A slight variation on the more commonly known ceviche normally prepared with a white fish such as tilapia. This recipe is prepared with shrimp and served with corn and sweet potatoes. The flavor will amaze you; the "cooking" time will more than impress you. This is the best Ceviche de Camaran recipes I've tried and it is very healthy. Course Appetizer Cuisine Latin America Prep Time 30 minutes Cook Time Total Time 30 minutes Servings: 6 Ingredients • 1.5 lbs shrimp or white fresh fish • 1 spring celery • Teaspoon garlic past • Teaspoon ginger past • 3 Tbsp cilantro chopped • 8 limes fresh squeezed juice or enough to cover the seafood • 1 tsp Kosher salt • 1 jalapeno or habanero seeded, cored and diced small • 1 medium red onion finely chopped (fine julienne) • 1 corn Boiled optional • Cooked (boiled) sweet potatoes optional We will make lèche tigre or tiger milk! Instructions 1. Peel and devein shrimp or fish and cut into small pieces (about 1/2" 2. Place in a shallow glass or ceramic container add salt stir 3. put all ingredients on top.
    [Show full text]
  • Occurrence of Tumour (Odontoma) in Marine Fish Sphyraena Jello from the Southeast Coast of India
    Vol. 108: 53–60, 2014 DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS Published February 4 doi: 10.3354/dao02691 Dis Aquat Org Occurrence of tumour (odontoma) in marine fish Sphyraena jello from the southeast coast of India R. Vijayakumar, A. Gopalakrishnan*, K. Raja, K. Sinduja Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, Tamil Nadu, India ABSTRACT: We examined the occurrence of odontoma in the marine fish Sphyraena jello sourced from 3 different landing centers (Cuddalore, Parangipettai and Nagapattinam) in Tamil Nadu (southeast India). A total of 19783 fishes were examined for odontoma presence, of which 2393 were affected with odontoma. The overall prevalence was 12.1% among the 3 stations. Fish landed at Parangipettai showed the highest peak prevalence of odontoma (16.8%) during the pre- monsoon, followed by Nagapatinam (9.1%) during summer 2011. The tumour lengths in premax- illa, supermaxilla and dentary bone were 1.1−3.6, 1.4−5.9 and 1.2−4.1 cm, respectively, and tumour widths were 0.3−1.9, 0.7−3.1 and 0.5−1.9 cm. Higher prevalence (0.206%) of tongue tumour along with odontoma was observed at Nagapattinam whereas it was lower (0.162%) at Cuddalore. Odontoma histopathology showed dense fibrous tissue with fine teeth roots. TEM analysis showed virus-like particles associated with odontoma. Radiography of the odontoma showed that the tumour masses were bony in nature and tissues were merged with upper and lower jaw. KEY WORDS: Pickhandle barracuda · Histopathology · Odontoma · Prevalence · Radiography · Tumour · Viral particles Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher INTRODUCTION stages (Freed et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Fish Bulletin No. 37. the California Barracuda (Sphyraena Argentea)
    UC San Diego Fish Bulletin Title Fish Bulletin No. 37. The California Barracuda (Sphyraena argentea). I. Life History of the California Barracuda. II. A Bibliography of Barracudas (Sphyraenidae) Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3dp2c999 Author Walford, Lionel A Publication Date 1931-09-01 eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California DIVISION OF FISH AND GAME OF CALIFORNIA BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES FISH BULLETIN No. 37 The California Barracuda (Sphyraena argentea) By LIONEL A. WALFORD 1 2 3 4 1. LIFE HISTORY OF THE CALIFORNIA BARRACUDA 5 1.1. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The study of the life history of the barracuda, of which this paper is the report, was initiated by the International Fisheries Commission (United States and Mexico). Most of the preliminary survey of the fishery and the literature was carried on under the direction of this body. The material collected during this period was kindly turned over to the California Division of Fish and Game in 1927 when the United States-Mexican convention was abrogated. Several people have contributed in various ways to the progress of this investigation. Mr. W. L. Scofield, Director of the California State Fisheries Laboratory, was frequently consulted for advice and suggestions. Commercial fish- ermen and dealers generously permitted measurements of fish on the boats and in the markets. Mr. Scotti Carmen of San Pedro and Mr. A. Wagner of Long Beach made possible the collection of young fish for the growth studies. Mrs. Hilda E. Walford aided in tabulating frequency records from the original data. Dr. F. W. Weymouth of Stan- ford University and Dr.
    [Show full text]