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Atrakcje Geoturystyczne Kanionu Rio Colca I Jego Otoczenia

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Atrakcje Geoturystyczne Kanionu Rio Colca I Jego Otoczenia GEOLOGIA 2008 Tom 34 Zeszyt 2/1 173192 ATRAKCJE GEOTURYSTYCZNE KANIONU RIO COLCA I JEGO OTOCZENIA Geotourism phenomena of Rio Colca Canyon and its surroundings Barbara RADWANEK-B¥K Pañstwowy Instytut Geologiczny, Oddzia³ Karpacki; ul. Skrzatów 1, 31-560 Kraków; e-mail: [email protected] Treæ: W artykule opisano wybrane atrakcje geoturystyczne Kanionu Rio Colca i jego otoczenia oraz opracowano wstêpn¹ koncepcjê ich waloryzacji. Przyjêto nastêpuj¹ce kryteria oceny: walory edukacyjno- -poznawcze, krajobrazowo-widokowe, architektoniczno-kulturowe oraz rekreacyjno-wypoczynkowe. Odrêbnie oceniano dostêpnoæ obiektów w aspekcie ich dostêpnoci komunikacyjnej, jak i wymagañ kondycyjno-technicznych turystów. Na terenie objêtym badaniami zinwentaryzowano kilkadziesi¹t obiektów o charakterze atrakcji geoturystycznych. S¹ one bardzo zró¿nicowane. Obejmuj¹: formy geomorfologiczne, wulkany, formacje skalne, profile geologiczne, ciekawostki mineralogiczno-petro- graficzne, ród³a wód termalnych oraz wodospady. Na omawianym obszarze istnieje te¿ mo¿liwoæ obserwacji aktywnych procesów geologicznych: wulkanicznych, tektonicznych i geodynamicznych. Ze wzglêdu na unikatowe walory przyrodnicze, interesuj¹c¹ historiê, kulturê oraz ¿ywy folklor, oma- wiany teren powinien zostaæ objêty prawn¹ ochron¹ jako park narodowy. Zebrane informacje stanowi¹ istotny element przygotowywanej obecnie wstêpnej dokumentacji geologiczno-fizjograficznej oma- wianego terenu. S³owa kluczowe: Kanion Colca, Dolina Rio Colca, Dolina Wulkanów, atrakcje geoturystyczne, walo- ryzacja atrakcji geoturystycznych Abstract: This article describes a selection of geotourism phenomena located in a region of Rio Colca Canyon and also presents a preliminary concept of their evaluation. Proposed criteria are as follows: educational-cognitive; landscape-scenic; architectonical-cultural; sport-recreational. Separately the- re were appreciated two aspects of availability: transport conditions and tourist access difficulty le- vel. Assembled information are important component of presently preparing, preliminary geologic and physiographic documentation of mentioned region. The main goal of activity was focused to give the scientific-geological base for the purpose to create here The Colca Canyon National Park. Key words: Colca Canyon, Colca Valley, Valley of Volcanous, geotourism phenomena, assessment of geotouristical values 174 B. Radwanek-B¹k WSTÊP Dolina Rio Colca, w szczególnoci jej odcinek tworz¹cy najg³êbszy kanion wiata oraz jego otoczenie, nale¿¹ do tych szczególnych miejsc, które stanowi¹ unikatow¹ w skali wiatowej atrakcjê turystyczn¹, odwiedzan¹ przez rosn¹ce z roku na rok rzesze turystów. Dzieje siê tak dziêki wyj¹tkowym walorom krajobrazowym ca³ej okolicy, s³awie i zainteresowaniu jak¹ budzi sam kanion oraz mo¿liwoci podziwiania skrzydlatych w³adców tej krainy kondorów, w ich majestatycznych lotach, które mo¿na obserwowaæ z punktu widokowego Cruz del Condor. Rio Apurimac Suyckutambo Firura OCEAN (5498) Caylloma PACIFIC Orcopampa Condoroma Angostura SPOKOJNY V D a o OCEAN l l l e i n y a o W Coropuna f Mismi Callalli V u OCEANATLANTIC ATLANTYCKI OCEAN (6425) o l l ka Bocatoma Andahua c Chachas n Tuti a n ó a Rio ColcaColca Madrigal e w l c s o o n C y Chivay n Ayo n a Cabanaconde o C Maca i a Yanque n c Huambo a l K o 1 CRodriguez Ampato (6288) 2 3 Aplao 4 Chachani (6075) 5 Pampa de Majes Misti Pedregal (5822) Arequipa ajes MMajes Pampa deSiguas Rio 010km droga do Oceanu Spokojnego road to Pacific Fig. 1. Mapa okolic Kanionu Colca. 1 projektowany park narodowy, 2 strefa buforowa, 3 strato- wulkan, 4 jezioro zaporowe, 5 atrakcja geoturystyczna Fig. 1. Canyon Colca region. 1 national park in project, 2 buffer zone, 3 stratovolcano 4 water reservoir, 5 geotourism phenomena Kanion Colca i jego otoczenie s¹ jednak przede wszystkim wielk¹ i unikatow¹ atrakcj¹ geoturystyczn¹. To w³anie walory rodowiska abiotycznego w zasadniczy sposób wp³ywaj¹ na atrakcyjnoæ krajobrazow¹ tego obszaru, za mo¿liwoæ obserwacji aktywnych procesów geologicznych stanowi dodatkowy element, mog¹cy przyci¹gn¹æ potencjalnych turystów. Atrakcje geoturystyczne Kanionu Rio Colca i jego otoczenia 175 Wwielu miejscach, np. w USA, miejsca takie objête s¹ ochron¹ jako parki narodowe (Miga- szewski 2002). Celem polskich badañ naukowych kierowanych przez prof. Andrzeja Paulo (AGH) jest przygotowanie projektu Parku Narodowego Kanion Colca i Dolina Wulkanów. Zgodnie z definicj¹ (S³omka & Kiciñska-widerska 2004) atrakcjami geoturystyczny- mi s¹ zarówno obiekty, jak i zjawiska geologiczne, które mog¹ byæ przedmiotem zaintereso- wania turystycznego. Aby takimi atrakcjami sta³y siê realnie, konieczne jest zazwyczaj ich odpowiednie wypromowanie i udostêpnienie. Podstaw¹ do tych dzia³añ jest wszechstronna informacja o takich potencjalnych obiektach, zawieraj¹ca ich charakterystykê, waloryzacjê oraz koncepcjê udostêpnienia. Zebranie takich informacji stanowi³o cel badañ prowadzonych przez autorkê w trakcie wyprawy w 2006 roku. Nawi¹zywa³y one do prac prowadzonych wczeniej przez dr in¿. M. Krzaka w ramach tematu badawczego: Uwarunkowania rozwoju turystyki w rejonie An- dagua (Peru) (Krzak 2005). W trakcie wyprawy przeprowadzono inwentaryzacjê kilkudzie- siêciu potencjalnych obiektów geoturystycznych zlokalizowanych g³ównie w Dolinie Rio Colca na odcinkach miêdzy miejscowociami Sibayo a Cabanaconde, w okolicach Huambo, a tak¿e w samym kanionie. Ponadto kontynuowano badania w Dolinie Wulkanów (Fig. 1). Do walory- zacji w³¹czono równie¿ obiekty zinwentaryzowane w trakcie wczeniejszych wypraw. Jedn¹ z cech atrakcji geoturystycznych jest brak ograniczeñ dotycz¹cych ich wielkoci. Mog¹ byæ nimi zarówno wielkoobszarowe formy morfologiczne lub obiekty hydrogeologicz- ne, jak i pojedyncze ods³oniêcia lub ich fragmenty, zawieraj¹ce ciekawe profile geologiczne albo te¿ wyst¹pienia o charakterze mineralogiczno-petrograficznym, niewielkie formy geo- morfologiczne, ród³a, jaskinie, wyrobiska górnicze i inne. INWENTARYZACJA I WALORYZACJA OBIEKTÓW I ZJAWISK GEOTURYSTYCZNYCH Inwentaryzacji atrakcji geoturystycznych dokonywano w oparciu o zebrane opracowania ró- d³owe (Chavez et al. 2003, Wernke 2003, Zeballos 2003, 2005), materia³y archiwalne udo- stêpnione przez w³adze lokalne oraz wywiady przeprowadzane z przedstawicielami miejsco- wych w³adz, biur turystycznych i rozmowy z mieszkañcami. Uzyskane t¹ drog¹ informacje by³y nastêpnie weryfikowane w terenie. Dla ujednolicenia informacji przy opisie i charaktery- styce poszczególnych obiektów stosowano przygotowany wczeniej przez autorkê formularz inwentaryzacyjny (Tab. 1). Istotnym elementem badañ by³o opracowanie kryteriów pozwalaj¹cych na waloryzacjê obiektów geoturystycznych. W opracowaniach powiêconych atrakcjom turystycznym lub geoturystycznym dominuje opisowy charakter ocen. Zdaniem autorki dla lepszego zobiekty- wizowania tych ocen oraz umo¿liwienia porównania poszczególnych, bardzo zró¿nicowa- nych obiektów, konieczne jest opracowanie i zdefiniowanie w miarê wyrazistych kryteriów oraz ustalenie zasad i skali ocen. Poni¿ej zaprezentowana zostanie krótko propozycja takiej waloryzacji. Dla oceny atrakcji geoturystycznych przyjêto nastêpuj¹ce kryteria: 1)walory edukacyjno-poznawcze, 2)walory krajobrazowo-widokowe, 3)walory architektoniczno-kulturowe, 4)walory rekreacyjno-wypoczynkowe. 176 B. Radwanek-B¹k Tabela (Table) 1 Formularz inwentaryzacyjny atrakcji geoturystycznej Geotourism attraction inventory form Rodzaj atrakcji geoturystycznej: o – obiekt, z – zjawisko Geotourism attraction type: o – object, p – phenomenon Rodzaj obiektu/zjawiska (object/phenomenon type) Obiekt (object): Naturalny: forma geomorfologiczna, nagromadzenie skamienia³oci, atrakcja mineralogiczno- petrograficzna, obiekt hydrogeologiczny, formacja skalna, profil geologiczny, jaskinia itp. Natural: geomorphological form, fossil accumulation, mineralogical-petrographical attraction, hydrogeological object, rock formation, geological profile, cave Antropogeniczny: wyrobisko górnicze, kopalnia, ha³da, materia³ budowlany lub dekoracyjny (fragment budowli, detal architektoniczny) Anthropogenic: excavation, constructional and decorative materials etc. Zjawisko (aktywny przejaw procesu geologicznego): wulkanicznego, geodynamicznego, hydrologicznego, eolicznego, sedymentacyjnego Geological phenomenon (active symptom of geological process): volcanic, geodynamic, hydrologic, eolian, sedimentative Numer w bazie danych (database number) Lokalizacja (localization): Jednostka administracyjna (administrative unit) Wspó³rzêdne (coordinates) Wysokoæ npm (high above see level) Nr arkusza mapy topograficznej (topographic map sheet number) Numer obiektu/zjawiska na mapie (object/phenomenon number on the map) Miejsce wystêpowania (na/pod powierzchni¹ ziemi, pod wod¹) Occurrence site (on/under land’s surface, under the water) Charakterystyka zewnêtrzna obiektu (w przypadku zjawiska dotyczy opisu miejsca obserwacji): External characteristics (in case of phenomenon – observatory site description): Geometria obiektu (pojedynczy punktowy, grupowy punktowy, liniowy, powierzchniowy, wielkoobszarowy) Object’s geometry (single punctual, punctual group, linear, superficial, large – areal): Przybli¿one rozmiary (approximate size): Stopieñ zachowania (preservation degree): Czytelnoæ treci geologicznej (“readability” of geological content): Charakterystyka geologiczna obiektu/zjawiska (geological characteristics): Opis geologiczno-przyrodniczy (geologic-environmental description) Jednostka strukturalna (structural unit):
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