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D) That's an Order! (1/2

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(D) That’s an Order! (1/2) Cebuano is an Austronesian language spoken in the Philippines. The language was heavily influenced by Spanish during a period of colonialism from 1521 to 1898. Your task is to figure out what four women, Althea, Inday, Janelle, and Maria, had for lunch. Each person had a main dish as well as a dessert and a drink. No two people ordered the same main dish, no two people or- dered the same dessert, and no two people ordered the same drink. Each of them chose from the following Philippine menu : Main Dishes adobong baboy: Pork dish cooked in soy sauce, vinegar, and garlic. adobong sitaw: String beans cooked in the adobo style (with soy sauce and vinegar). asado: Beef dish cooked in a sauce with tomatoes, olives, onion, ketchup, red bell pepper, and potatoes. bulanglang: Boiled mixed vegetables, including malunggay leaves, squash and onions in rice washing. Desserts buko pie: A traditional Filipino baked young coconut custard pie. kutsinta: A type of steamed rice cake made with rice flour, brown sugar and lye. maruya: Banana fritters, served in syrup or ice cream. turon saba: Deep fried plantains in spring roll wrappers. Drinks bino: Wine. gatas: Milk. serbesa: Beer. tubig: Water. D1. Based on the following clues try to determine who ordered which food and drink. Write your answers in Cebuano on the next page. Janelle nikaon og bulanglang apan dili og turon saba. Ang tao nga nipalit og asado ug nikaon og kutsinta wala niinom og serbesa. Ang tao nga nikaon og adobong baboy ug niinom og tubig apan si dili Althea. Ang duha ka tao nga nanginon alkohol mga Maria ug ang tao nga nipalit og adobong sitaw. Inday nipalit og maruya. Ang tolo ka tao nga wala nipalit og maruya mga Maria, Althea, ug Janelle. Ang tao nga nikaon og bulanglang si Janelle. Janelle nipalit og bulanglang apan dili og tubig. YOUR NAME: REGISTRATION #: ( 25 points ) (E) A Fish Story (1/2) Aymara is a South American language spoken by more then 2 million people in the area around Lake Titicaca, which, at 12,507 feet above sea level, is the highest navigable lake in the world. Among the speakers of Aymara are the Uros , a fishing people who live on artificial is- lands, woven from reeds, that float on the surface of Lake Titicaca. E1 (practical) . Below, seven fishermen describe their catch. Who caught what? a b c g d e f ___ 1. “Mä hach’a challwawa challwataxa.” ___ 2. “Kimsa hach’a challwawa challwataxa.” ___ 3. “Mä challwa mä hach’a challwampiwa challwataxa.” ___ 4. “Mä hach’a challwa kimsa challwallampiwa challwataxa.” ___ 5. “Paya challwallawa challwataxa.” ___ 6. “Mä challwalla paya challwampiwa challwataxa.” ___ 7. “Kimsa challwa paya challwallampiwa challwataxa.” Also, watch out! One of the fishermen is lying. E2 (practical). Your daily catch is pictured to the right. Describe it in Aymara, and don’t lie! (N) You’ve Got This: Fijian Ownership (1/2) [10 points] Below you can see a number of phrases in Fijian orthography. Note that ‘our (incl.)’ means ‘belonging to me and you and other people’ in contrast to ‘our (excl.)’, which would mean ‘belonging to me and other people, not including you’. Fijian English na uluqu my head na nona wau his weapon1 (he owns) na memunī bia your (pl.) beer na kemudrau itukutuku your (dual) story (about you two) na nona motokaa her car na meda tī our (incl.) tea na kelemu your (sing.) belly na nona dio her oyster (she’ll sell) na kequ uvi my yam (edible starchy root) na noqu itukutuku my story (that I tell) na watiqu my spouse na kemunī vuaka your (pl.) pig (you’ll eat) na nomu kato your (sing.) basket na tamana his father na memudrau dio their (dual) oyster (you’ll slurp) na nodra vuaka their pig (they raise) na keda wau our (incl.) weapon (we’ll be hit with) na kedra raisi their rice 1 A club-like tool. N1. Now the Fijian words are given for you. Your task is to translate the phrases in the table on the next page into Fijian. (N) You’ve Got This: Fijian Ownership (2/2) Fijian English English phrase to translate a. uto heart my heart b. yaqona kava2 her kava (she’s drinking) c. draunikau witchcraft my witchcraft (used on / against me) d. dali rope your (sing.) rope (you own) e. ika fish your (dual) fish (for dinner) f. wai water your (pl.) water g. luve child her child h. yaqona kava his kava (drunk in his honor) i. waqa canoe our (incl.) canoe j. yapolo apple their apple (they’re selling) k. draunikau witchcraft your (dual) witchcraft (you’re making) l. dali rope your (pl.) rope (restraining you two) m. maqo mango their mango (for drinking) 2 Ceremonial drink widely consumed in the Pacific. N2. a. Explain your translation of‘ his kava (drunk in his honor)’. b. The word for ‘coconut’ is ‘niu’. List all the ways to say ‘my coconut’ and explain what they could mean. (C) Here is One Hand (1/1) [20 Points] Cao is a language in the Chocoan family spoken by about 15,000 people in Colombia and Panama. Here are some words in Cao, given in no parcular order: 1. umé 7. kakua ába audu umé 2. kakua ume audu khimárẽ 8. huwua ába audu umé 3. huwua ũbéa audu khimárẽ 9. huwua ũbéa 4. huwua ume audu ába 10. kakua umé 5. ũbéa 11. kakua khimárẽ audu ũbéa 6. kakua 12. huwua And here are their English translaons, in alphabecal order: A. eighty-three G. seven B. eleven H. three C. forty-four I. three hands D. hand J. twenty-two E. nineteen K. two F. person L. two people C1. Write the leers (A-L) of the English translaon corresponding to the Cao words below 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. © Daniel Lovsted, North American Computational Linguistics Olympiad 2019, Round 1 (B) The Pame Game (1/3) [20 points] The languages Northern and Central Pame belong to the Oto-Pamean branch of the Oto-Manguean language family. They are spoken in separate states of Mexico by approximately 5620 and 4350 people, respectively. Like all languages belonging to the same family, they have preserved some features of the proto-language (the common ancestor language of the family) but have changed in other features, making the languages similar yet different from one another. These differences can be in both the structure of the grammar and in the pronunciation of words. To help you know how words in these languages are pronounced, the following key is given to the pronunciation of the symbols: t voiceless alveolar plosive (the first sound in English tea) d voiced alveolar plosive (the first sound in English do) n voiced alveolar nasal (the first sound in English new) voiceless alveolar fricative (the first sound in English see) s r voiced alveolar flap (the sound made by the r in the Spanish word pero) l voiced alveolar lateral (the first sound in English lead) tʃ’ voiceless alveolo-palatal ejective affricate (similar to the first sound in English chew) ɲ voiced alveolo-palatal nasal (similar to the ny sound in canyon) k voiceless velar plosive (the first sound in English key) g voiced velar plosive (the first sound in English goo) k’ voiceless velar ejective (similar to the first sound in English key) ʔ voiceless glottal plosive (the sound between the vowels in English uh-oh) h voiceless glottal fricative (the first sound in English he) a low unrounded vowel (similar to the sound in English ah) e mid front unrounded vowel (similar to the sound in English eh) i high front unrounded vowel (the first sound in English eat) o mid back rounded vowel (similar to the sound in English oh) u high back rounded vowel (the first sound in English oops) ḭ high front unrounded vowel produced with glottal fry ũ high back rounded vowel with nasal airflow (B) The Pame Game (2/3) Some numbers from Northern Pame are given below: 9 = kara tenhiuɲ sante 13 = kara tenhiuɲ gitʃ’aḭ 17 = kanuje tenhiuɲ sante 20 = kanuje tenhiuɲ giriuḭ 26 = karnuʔ tenhiuɲ nuji 30 = karnuʔ tenhiuɲ tiria 35 = giriuḭ tenhiuɲ rnuʔ Here are some arithmetic equalities in Central Pame (note that ✕ means multiplication): (1) nda ntsawʔ + seskaʔai nda ntsawʔ nda = nda lien tiliɲũhũɲ (2) kiɲui + nda ntsawʔ = seskaʔai nui (3) nda lien nda ✕ nui = nui lien nui (4) tiliɲũhũɲ + ’kik ai = tilija ✕ nui (5) seskaʔai ranhũʔ ✕ ranhũʔ = nda lien seskaʔai nda ntsawʔ nda (6) seskaʔai kik’ai + kik’ai = nui ✕ seskaʔai (7) kik’ai + ranhũʔ = nda ntsawʔ (8) nda + nui = ranhũʔ B1. Given that the following equality is satisfied: Northern Pame Central Pame (9) teriuhiɲ ✕ kara tenhiuɲ nuji = ranhũʔ lien seskaʔai a. Convert the following Northern Pame numbers to numerals: nuji = karnuʔ tenhiuɲ teriuhiɲ = (B) The Pame Game (3/3) b. Write out the following numbers in Central Pame: 1 = 3 = 9 = 56 = 60 = (L) The Goat, the Mother, and the Wardrobe (1/2) [15 points] Abkhaz is a Caucasian language predominantly spoken by around 100,000 people in the disputed territory of Abkhazia, and by a few thousand people in Turkey, Georgia, Syria, Russia, and Jordan. Among other things, it is known for having an extraordinary number of consonants (58 in the literary dialect). Here are some Abkhaz sentences in simplified transcription and their corresponding English translations. Notes: The cherkeska is an item of traditional Caucasian clothing, a single breasted collarless coat. A billy-goat is a male goat; a nanny- goat is a female goat.
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    MARAWI RESPONSE PROJECT (MRP) Quarterly Report FY2021 Quarter 1: October 1, 2020 - December 31, 2020 Submission Date: January 30, 2021 Cooperative Agreement Number: 72049218CA00007 Activity Start Date and End Date September 2018 – September 2021 Submitted by: Plan International USA Inc. This document was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development Philippine Mission (USAID/ Philippines). 1 PROJECT PROFILE USAID/PHILIPPINES Program: MARAWI RESPONSE PROJECT (MRP) Activity Start Date and End August 29, 2018 – March 28, 2022 Date: Name of Prime Plan USA International Inc. Implementing Partner: Cooperative Agreement 72049218CA00007 Number: Names of Ecosystems Work for Essential Benefits (ECOWEB) and Subcontractors/Sub Maranao People Development Center, Inc. (MARADECA) awardees: IMPL Project (IMPL) Major Counterpart Organizations Geographic Coverage Lanao del Sur, Marawi City, Lanao del Norte & Iligan City (cities and or countries) Reporting Period: October 1, 2020 – December 31, 2020 2 CONTENTS PROJECT PROFILE ............................................................................. 2 CONTENTS ......................................................................................... 3 ACRONYMS ......................................................................................... 4 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................ 6 2. PROJECT OVERVIEW .................................................................... 7 3. PROGRESS TOWARDS OUTCOMES AND OUTPUTS .......
  • Filipino Cuisine; a Blending of History

    Filipino Cuisine; a Blending of History

    RECIPE Maruya (Plantain with Jackfruit Fritters) Ingredients: 1 cup all purpose flour ½ cup sugar TasteTRENS PROCTS N MORE FROM NEL ES® FOOS gy 1 tsp. baking powder l ¼ tsp. salt 1 egg March 2018 1 cup fresh milk 2 Tbsp. melted butter CULINARY SPOTLIGHT 1 cup vegetable oil 5-6 pieces of plantain (saba) bananas, Filipino Cuisine; A Blending Of History ripe but firm, peeled and mashed Numerous indigenous Philippine cooking North America and spread to Asia in the 1 ½ cups of jackfruit (langka), diced methods have survived the many foreign 15th century. The Spanish also brought influences brought about either by trade, varied styles of cooking, reflecting the Directions: contact, or colonization. different regions of their country. Some 1. In a bowl, sift together flour, ¼ cup of these dishes are still popular in the of the sugar, baking powder, and salt. 2. In a larger bowl, beat egg. Add The first and most persistent food influence Philippines, such as callos, gambas, and milk, butter and whisk together until was most likely from Chinese traders who paella. were already present and regularly came blended. to Philippine shores. They pre-dated Some other delicacies from Mexico also 3. Add flour mixture to milk mixture Portuguese explorer Ferdinand found their way to the Philippines and stir until just moistened. Do not Magellan’s landing on due to this colonial period. overmix! Homonhon Island in Tamales, pipian, and 4. Mix the bananas and jackfruit in a 1521 by as many as balbacoa are a few separate bowl and combine with the batter mixture.
  • Partitioning the Timeline a Cross-Linguistic Survey of Tense

    Partitioning the Timeline a Cross-Linguistic Survey of Tense

    Partitioning the timeline A cross-linguistic survey of tense Viveka Velupillai Justus Liebig University Giessen The database The following gives the languages and their values in my database. The lan- guage names are primarily based on the source(s) and WALS Online (Dryer & Haspelmath 2013); where these differ from theEthnologue (Lewis et al. 2013) lan- guage names the Ethnologue name has been given in parenthesis. The ISO-639–3 codes are given in square brackets after the language name. I have relied onWALS Online where possible for the family and genus affiliation; where this was not pos- sible I relied on the source(s) and Ethnologue. The values for fusion type were tak- en from Bickel and Nichols (2013a) where possible; those languages are marked with an asterisk (*). For those languages that were not in Bickel & Nichol’s (2013a) database, I coded the fusion type according to the principles set out in Bickel & Nichols (2013b) using the reference indicated in the ‘Source’ column. Studies in Language 40:1 (2016), 1–42. doi 10.1075/sl.40.1.04ve2 issn 0378–4177 / e-issn 1569–9978 © John Benjamins Publishing Company 2 Viveka Velupillai Viveka No tense Language Genus Family Fusion Source Abui [abz] Greater Alor Timor-Alor-Pantar Isolating/Concatenative (Kratochvíl 2007: 209ff, 350) Achumawi [acv] Palaihnihan Hokan Concatenative (Angulo & Freeland 1930: 89ff, 111) Ainu [ain] Ainu Ainu Concatenative (Shibatani 1990: 80) Apinajé (Apinayé) [apn] Ge-Kaingang Macro-Ge Isolating (Cunha de Oliveira 2005: 170f) Arandai [jbj] South Bird’s Head Marind