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Mental Health and Clinical Psychological Science in the Time of COVID-19: Challenges, Opportunities, and a Call to Action

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Mental Health and Clinical Psychological Science in the Time of COVID-19: Challenges, Opportunities, and a Call to Action American Psychologist © 2020 American Psychological Association 2020, Vol. , No. , ISSN: 0003-066X http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/amp0000707 Mental Health and Clinical Psychological Science in the Time of COVID-19: Challenges, Opportunities, and a Call to Action June Gruber Mitchell J. Prinstein University of Colorado Boulder University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Lee Anna Clark Jonathan Rottenberg University of Notre Dame University of South Florida Jonathan S. Abramowitz Anne Marie Albano University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons Amelia Aldao Jessica L. Borelli Columbia University and Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New University of California, Irvine York Tammy Chung Joanne Davila Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey Stony Brook University Erika E. Forbes Dylan G. Gee University of Pittsburgh Yale University Gordon C. Nagayama Hall Lauren S. Hallion University of Oregon University of Pittsburgh Stephen P. Hinshaw Stefan G. Hofmann University of California, Berkeley, and University of California, Boston University San Francisco Steven D. Hollon Jutta Joormann and Alan E. Kazdin Vanderbilt University Yale University Daniel N. Klein Annette M. La Greca Stony Brook University University of Miami Robert W. Levenson Angus W. MacDonald III University of California, Berkeley University of Minnesota Dean McKay Katie A. McLaughlin Fordham University Harvard University Jane Mendle Adam Bryant Miller Cornell University University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Enrique W. Neblett Matthew Nock University of Michigan Harvard University Bunmi O. Olatunji Jacqueline B. Persons Vanderbilt University Oakland Cognitive Behavior Therapy Center, Oakland, California 1 2 GRUBER ET AL. David C. Rozek Jessica L. Schleider University of Central Florida Stony Brook University George M. Slavich Bethany A. Teachman University of California, Los Angeles University of Virginia Vera Vine Lauren M. Weinstock University of Pittsburgh Brown University COVID-19 presents significant social, economic, and medical challenges. Because COVID-19 has already begun to precipitate huge increases in mental health problems, clinical psychological science must assert a leadership role in guiding a national response to this secondary crisis. In this article, COVID-19 is conceptualized as a unique, compounding, multidimensional stressor that will create a vast need for intervention and necessitate new paradigms for mental health service delivery and training. Urgent challenge areas across developmental periods are discussed, followed by a review of psychological symptoms that likely will increase in prevalence and require innovative solutions in both science and practice. Implications for new research directions, clinical approaches, and policy issues are discussed to highlight the opportunities for clinical psychological science to emerge as an updated, contemporary field capable of addressing the burden of mental illness and distress in the wake of COVID-19 and beyond. Public Significance Statement Clinical psychological science must lead a national response to address mental health issues following COVID-19. This article highlights urgent challenges to confront, and timely opportunities to contemporize a field to better address mental health issues now and long after. The article concludes by discussing implications for new research directions, clinical approaches, and policy issues. Keywords: clinical psychological science, clinical psychology, mental health, treatment, COVID-19 lon, Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University; Jutta Joormann and X June Gruber, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Univer- Alan E. Kazdin, Department of Psychology, Yale University; Daniel N. sity of Colorado Boulder; X Mitchell J. Prinstein, Department of Psychol- Klein, Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University; X Annette M. ogy and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Lee La Greca, Department of Psychology, University of Miami; X Robert W. Anna Clark, Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame; Jon- Levenson, Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley; athan Rottenberg, Department of Psychology, University of South Florida; Angus W. MacDonald III, Department of Psychology, University of Min- Jonathan S. Abramowitz, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, nesota; X Dean McKay, Department of Psychology, Fordham University; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Anne Marie Albano, Colum- Katie A. McLaughlin, Department of Psychology, Harvard University; bia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons; Amelia Aldao, X Jane Mendle, Department of Human Development, Cornell University; Teachers’ College, Columbia University, and Department of Psychiatry, X Adam Bryant Miller, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York; Jessica L. Borelli, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Enrique W. Neblett, School of Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine; Public Health, University of Michigan; Matthew Nock, Department of X Tammy Chung, Institute for Health, Healthcare Policy and Aging Psychology, Harvard University; Bunmi O. Olatunji, Department of Psy- Research and Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers, The State University of chology, Vanderbilt University; Jacqueline B. Persons, Oakland Cognitive New Jersey; X Joanne Davila, Department of Psychology, Stony Brook Behavior Therapy Center, Oakland, California; X David C. Rozek, UCF University; Erika E. Forbes, Department of Psychiatry, University of RESTORES and Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida; Pittsburgh; Dylan G. Gee, Department of Psychology, Yale University; X Jessica L. Schleider, Department of Psychology, Stony Brook Univer- Gordon C. Nagayama Hall, Department of Psychology, University of sity; X George M. Slavich, Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology Oregon; X Lauren S. Hallion, Department of Psychology, University of and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of Pittsburgh; Stephen P. Hinshaw, Department of Psychology, University California, Los Angeles; Bethany A. Teachman, Department of Psychol- of California, Berkeley, and Department of Psychiatry, University of ogy, University of Virginia; X Vera Vine, Department of Psychiatry, California, San Francisco; X Stefan G. Hofmann, Department of Psy- University of Pittsburgh; X Lauren M. Weinstock, Department of Psy- chological and Brain Sciences, Boston University; X Steven D. Hol- chiatry, Brown University. continued CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE AND COVID-19 3 COVID-19, the illness produced by the severe acute re- medical challenges of the 21st century. Between November spiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been 2019, when the outbreak began, and early May 2020, over associated with some of the greatest social, economic, and 4.6 million people worldwide tested positive for infection The idea for this article came from an initial discussion between two of Enrique W. Neblett: Contributed to writing on members of marginalized the corresponding authors (June Gruber and Mitchell J. Prinstein). The racial and ethnic groups and health disparities; approved final article; article was divided into several smaller working groups of authors covering Matthew Nock: Contributed to writing on suicide; approved final article; specific topics of expertise or interest. Each of these smaller working Bunmi O. Olatunji: Contributed to writing on mental health care; approved groups continually updated a shared Google document for the article which final article; Jacqueline B. Persons: Contributed to writing on assessment all authors had access to. There was a smaller group of four coordinating and treatment challenges; approved final article; David C. Rozek: Contrib- authors (June Gruber, Mitchell J. Prinstein, Lee Anna Clark, and Jonathan uted to writing on suicide, research agenda and priorities; approved final Rottenberg) who coordinated the framework of the article and helped article; Jessica L. Schleider: Contributed to writing on training models for oversee organization of writing contributions among the broader author- mental health delivery and interventions; approved final article; George M. ship group and provided ongoing feedback and tracked article progress, Slavich: Contributed to writing on stress and loss of protective factors; and edited and organized the article as a whole throughout the preparation anxiety and depression; approved final article; Bethany A. Teachman: process. Contributed to writing on training models for mental health delivery and All author names for the full article are listed alphabetically (by last care; approved final article; Vera J. Vine: Contributed to writing on name) after the four coordinating authors. Authorship contributions are as research agenda and priorities; approved final article; Lauren M. Wein- follows: June Gruber: Oversaw and organized overall article ideas and stock: Contributed to writing on training models for mental health delivery; editing; contributed to writing the introduction, middle-aged adulthood, approved final article. and concluding comments; approved final article; Mitchell J. Prinstein: June Gruber served as lead for conceptualization, writing – original Oversaw and organized overall article ideas and editing; contributed to draft, and writing – review and editing. Mitchell J. Prinstein served as lead writing the introduction, suicide, adolescence,
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