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Juliana Final Ficha PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DE MINAS GERAIS Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia-Tratamento da Informação Espacial Difusão HistóricoHistórico----EspacialEspacial do Budismo no Brasil e em Minas Gerais . Juliana de Lima Caputo Belo Horizonte 2011 Juliana de Lima Caputo Difusão HistóricoHistórico----EspacialEspacial do Budismo no Brasil e em Minas Gerais Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Geografia – Tratamento da Informação Espacial, como requisito parcial à obtenção de Título de Mestre. Área de Concentração: Análise Espacial Orientador: Alexandre Magno Alves Diniz Belo Horizonte 2011 Caputo, Juliana de Lima C255d Difusão Histórico-Espacial do Budismo no Brasil e em Minas Gerais /Juliana de Lima Caputo. Belo Horizonte, 2011. 140 f. : il. Orientador: Alexandre Magno Alves Diniz Dissertação (mestrado) – Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia 1.Geografia. 2.Religião. 3.Budismo-Brasil. 4. Difusão geográfica Diniz, Alexandre Magno Alves II. Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia III. Título. CDU : 91:681.3 Juliana de Lima Caputo Difusão Histórico-Espacial do Budismo no Brasil e em Minas Gerais Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Geografia – Tratamento da Informação Espacial da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais ____________________________________________________________ Alexandre Magno Alves Diniz (Orientador) – PUC Minas ____________________________________________________________ Candice Vidal e Souza – PUC Minas ____________________________________________________________ Oswaldo Bueno Amorim Filho – PUC Minas Belo Horizonte, 05 de agosto de 2011 AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço primeiramente a Deus minha fonte de energia inesgotável e renovável. À minha querida mãe por sempre acreditar em mim e nunca me deixar fraquejar nos momentos mais difíceis. A esta eterna guerreira devo todos os meus momentos de tranqüilidade para que eu pudesse realizar meus estudos e pesquisas em um ambiente tranqüilo e saudável. Ao meu eterno e inesquecível pai que mesmo não estando mais aqui foi o primeiro a me apresentar a Geografia e a me incentivar nos estudos. Tenho certeza que você se orgulharia ao ver até onde cheguei depois de tantos percalços. Ao meu noivo Diogo, pela compreensão nos momentos de ausência que tive que dedicar para concluir este trabalho. Agradeço por seu apoio incondicional, sua paciência, seu zelo, amor e estímulo para que eu seguisse em frente minha caminhada. À minha irmã, Cristiane que sempre me apoiou e incentivou em todas as minhas decisões e que desde o período da Graduação sempre esteve presente com palavras encorajadoras. Ao meu cunhado Daniel pelo apoio operacional e meu sobrinho-afilhado Miguel por me alegrar nos momentos mais tensos. A toda a minha amada família que sempre me confortou e vibrou com minhas vitórias, e que em todas as reuniões sempre me desejaram força e sucesso para a conclusão desse trabalho. Em especial agradeço a minha prima Renata. À FAPEMIG, Fundação de Apoio a Pesquisa no Estado de Minas Gerais pela bolsa de estudo concedida durante todo o desenvolvimento desse trabalho de mestrado. Aos meus professores da Graduação, em especial ao querido professor Alecir Moreira que sempre acreditou em mim e que dedicou grande parte de seu tempo para orientar-me em meu trabalho de iniciação científica do PROBIC, e que nesse trabalho de mestrado, ajudou-me de maneira preciosa nos primeiros rascunhos. Obrigada, sua orientação contribuiu imensamente com a minha formação de Geógrafa. Ao meu compreensivo e queridíssimo orientador, o professor Alexandre Diniz por ter me proporcionado um grande amadurecimento profissional. Esse trabalho eu devo a você que sempre, em todos os momentos solicitados por mim se mostrou solícito e atencioso. Obrigada!!!! Levarei seus ensinamentos profissionais e pessoais por toda a vida. Aos demais professores do Programa de Pós Graduação por todo o aprendizado e ensinamentos. Professor Altino Caldeira, Duval Magalhães, João Francisco, Leônidas Barroso, José Flávio Castro. Em especial, o professor Oswaldo Amorim, pelo seu jeito sempre cordial e elegante no trato com os alunos. Obrigada professor por resgatar em mim o desejo e a paixão pelo estudo geográfico. Obrigada por suas aulas, tão ricas e prazerosas que me fizeram crescer muito profissionalmente. Ao prestativo Délio, da Secretaria, que me acompanha desde os tempos da graduação e a Fátima que nunca me deixou esmorecer. Obrigada, verdadeiramente, aos dois que sempre torceram por mim. Aos colegas de curso Elisângela, Ricardo e Francisco pela amizade e dicas durante toda a construção desse trabalho. Agradeço em especial ao Bruno Durão, que me ajuda muito desde os tempos de Graduação e que até através do “MSN”, nas longas noites de trabalho, me ajudou na elaboração de mapas na época das aulas do professor José Flávio. Obrigada pelas dicas cartográficas valiosas e por ser essa pessoa tão prestativa. A Lília Vilhena, minha orientadora de iniciação científica no IGA – Instituto de Geociências Aplicadas, que foi a primeira pessoa a me ensinar sobre o mundo das pesquisas. Obrigada pela paciência com essa aprendiz que muito te admira. Obrigada pela confiança e eterna amizade. A todos os meus amigos, Severa, Sidney, Elaine, Otávio, Daniel, Carol, Regina, Edson, Matheus, Efigeninha, Waner... que sempre estiveram ao meu lado nessa jornada, seja me incentivando e me entendendo nos momentos de ausência. Enfim volto à vida social... “O que somos é consequência do que pensamos”... Sidharta Gautama RESUMO Importante categoria de estudo, a Religião , se completa à Geografia através da dimensão espacial na medida em que, essa analisa o espaço e a outra, como fenômeno cultural, ocorre espacialmente. Sendo o Budismo uma das grandes religiões mundiais, o estudo em questão buscou apresentar a história dessa religião, assim como descrever o seu processo de difusão, em tempos e espaços de abrangência distintos, em função de seus respectivos agentes. A partir da espacialização dessas informações, no software ArcGis 9.3, foi possível tanto verificar a Geografia impressionante dessa religião, que rompeu as fronteiras indianas até chegar no Ocidente, assim como identificar padrões de espacialidade, em diferentes escalas. Em território nacional, através dos dados dos Censos Demográficos de 1991 e 2000, pode-se verificar a real situação do Budismo no Brasil. A partir de análises comparativas municípios tiveram determinados suas taxas de crescimento em relação ao número de budistas. Em um panorama geral o que se observou foi uma enorme disparidade entre os municípios, e uma concentração específica na Região Centro-Sul, influenciada, principalmente, por São Paulo, primeiro estado a receber os japoneses. Tendo sofrido uma queda, em número absoluto, diferentemente, do que é propagandeado, o Budismo no Brasil tem enfrentado uma difícil realidade no que tange a sua sobrevivência. Palavras-chave : Geografia. Religião. Budismo. Difusão espacial. Agentes. ABSTRACT An important category of study, Religion , to complete the Geography by the spatial dimension in that, that addresses space and the other as a cultural phenomenon, occurs spatially. Buddhism is one of the great world religions, the present study sought to present the history of religion, as well as describe the process of diffusion in time and space different coverage, depending on their respective agents. From the spatial distribution of such information, using the software, ArcGIS 9.3, it was possible to verify the impressive geography of religion, which broke the Indians borders and reached out to the Occident, as well as, been able to identify spatial patterns at different scales. In the National Territory, using data from the Demographic Censuses of 1991 and 2000, we can see the real situation of Buddhism in Brazil. From comparative analysis, certain municipalities had rates of growth in the number of Buddhists. In an overview, of what we observe is a huge disparity between the municipalities, and a special concentration in the Mid-South, mainly influenced by São Paulo, the first state to receive the Japanese immigrants. Having suffered a fall in absolute numbers, different from what is shown, Buddhism in Brazil has faced a hard reality, when it comes to its survival. Keywords: Geography. Religion. Buddhism. Broadcast space. Agents. LISTA DE MAPAS Mapa 1 : Índia: País onde Surgiu o Budismo......................................................... 41 Mapa 2 : Predominância das Escolas Budistas na Ásia......................................... 65 Mapa 3: Proporção de Budistas na Ásia............................................................... 65 Mapa 4 : Índia: Sítios Importantes para o Budismo............................................... 70 Mapa 5 : Religiões Predominantes por País – 2011............................................... 73 Mapa 6 : Difusão do Budismo na Ásia.................................................................. 81 Mapa 7: Número de Adeptos do Budismo entre Europeus – 2000....................... 90 Mapa 8: Difusão do Budismo no Brasil: 1908-1963............................................ 96 Mapa 9 : Templos Budistas:Influência Asiática na Paisagem Brasileira............... 100 Mapa 10 : Evolução dos Primeiros Templos e Associações voltadas para a 104 prática budista no Brasil: década de 1910 – 1990................................................. Mapa 11 : Brasil: Templos, Espaços de Meditação e Associações voltadas para
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