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2009:008 MASTER'S THESIS A Comparative Study of Cultural Tourism Development in Iran and Turkey Bahareh Pourafkari Luleå University of Technology Master Thesis, Continuation Courses Tourism and Hospitality Management Department of Business Administration and Social Sciences Division of Industrial marketing and e-commerce 2009:008 - ISSN: 1653-0187 - ISRN: LTU-PB-EX--09/008--SE Lulea University of University of Isfahan technology Master’s thesis A comparative study of cultural tourism development in Iran and Turkey Supervisor: DR. mahmoud ketabi Supervisor: DR. Metin Kozak Bahareh pourafkari December 2007 0 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 1 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 2 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com Abstract Tourism is the world’s largest industry and it was projected to be the world’s largest employer by the year 2000. This research will evaluate Iran’s potential in the tourism industry and especially cultural tourism development and tries to compare it with Turkey because of their regional proximities and similarities in culture, attractions, and religion. Scientific research shows that increasing international tourism arrivals is a way to generate more revenue than oil and development of cultural tourism is an alternative to oil based economy. The main goals of this research are: 1- evaluation of accelerating factors in cultural tourism development both in Iran and Turkey 2- evaluation of decelerating factors in cultural tourism both in Iran and Turkey. This analysis is based on information gathered through electronic data, discussion with heritage tourism managers and stakeholder workshops. Interview with heritage representative in Iran . Cultural Heritage Corporation provided the detail of their regional organizational structure and how the cooperation functions. Complete description of the corporation structure and the details of its function are presented in chapter 3.. This research has examined cultural tourism resources in Iran and compared them with that of Turkey .After inquiry and evaluation of cultural tourism resources in both countries, we conclude that both countries have almost the same resources with similar culture and tradition. .however, Turkey by highlighting some ancient tradition and also by organizing lots of festivals and providing facilities like resort hotels and good hospitality and transportation attract more tourists. Badly-damaged infrastructures, poor condition of museums and historical sites ,are some of the weaknesses of tourism industry in Iran. 3 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com Acknowledgements There are several people I would like to thank for their support and encouragement throughout this thesis process. I would first like to thank my senior supervisor Dr mahmoud ketabi for his help, guidance and constant belief in me. I am also indebted to Dr metin kozak for stepping in as my advisor at the last minute. I would also like to thank him, as well as dr azizallah dabaghi , for making my experience as a Linguistic advisor. I would also like to acknowledge several friends who have kept me sane throughout this hard process. I would first like to thank my dad. You are the best friend anyone could ever ask for. I could have never done this without you. I am also grateful for the support of my amazing family. A big thank you goes to My dear husband for being a constant source of encouragement and advice. I am lucky to have you. And I would especially like to thank my parents for their love and constant belief that I could do it. Bahareh pourafkari December 2007 4 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com III Dedication I dedicate this dissertation to, my lovely husband, who encouraged and prayed for me ever since I began this research. And I would like to thank my dear parents, who instilled in me the determination and will to meet obstacles positively. They have given me unconditional love and support throughout my life. To my mom and dad, I love you and hope I have made you proud .Finally I would like to thank God with all my heart that provided the strength and wisdom to finish this research. 5 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com IV TABLE OF CONTENTS · CHAPTER ONE · INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………………………………9 · 1.1Cultural tourism development ……………………………………………………............ .9 · 1.2.Statment of the problems ……………………………………………………………... 10 · 1.3.Research objective ………………………………………………………………………10 · 1.4.Research question. ………………………………………………………………………12 · 1.5Research methodology …………………………………………………………………12 · 1.6.Significent of study……………………………………………………………………..12 · 1.7Literature review………………………………………………………………………….13 · CHAPTER TWO · LITERATURE REVIEW …………………………………………………………………. 15 · 2.1.Introduction…………………………………………………………………………… 15 · 2.2.The Tourism Industry Past and Present from Mass Tourism to Cultural Tourism…….. 16 · 2.3. A brief history of tourism…………………………………………………………… 17 · 2. 4 .. Future Growth Prospects……………………………………………………………18 · 2.6Tourism …………………………………………………………………………………..19 · 2.7Culture……………………………………………………………………………………20 · Defining development………………………………………………………………………21 · .2.9Definition of cultural tourism ………………………………………………………….. 22 6 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 3.0. Definition for cultural tourism by Wisconsin Heritage Tourism Program:……………. 27 · 3.1 Definition for cultural tourism by LORD Cultural Resources………………. 27 · 3.2 The Impacts of Cultural Tourism………………………………………………. 28 · 3.3 Cultural Tourism as a Passport to Peace and Understanding……………………30 · 3.4 Authenticity…………………………………………………………………….. 33 · 3.5 Authenticity and Cultural Tourism………………………………………………34 · 3.6Key principles in cultural tourism ……………………………………………….37 · CHAPTER THREE · RESEARCH METHODLOGY ……………………………………………………………. 45 · 3.1. Introduction……………………………………………………………………………..45 · 3.2. Research Process ……………………………………………………………………… 45 · 3.3Type of research ………………………………………………………………………….45 · 3.4Descriptive research ……………………………………………………………………...46 · 3.6Qualitative research……………………………………………………………………. 46 · 3.7. Research strategy………………………………………………………………………..47 · 3.8Survey research …………………………………………………………………………48 · 3.9Data collection ………………………………………………………………………….. 48 · 3.10Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………. 49 · CHAPTER FOUR · 4.1. Introduction. …………………………………………………………………………….52 · 4.2.Cultural tourism development ……………………………………...................................52 7 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com · 4.3. Cultural tourism development in turkey ………………………………………………..56 · 4.4. Sector overview ………………………………………………………………………. .56 · 4.5.Turkey on the world heritage list…………………………………………………… 59 · 4.6.Archaeological sites and museums in turkey……………………………………….. 59 · 4.7Architecture (ruins, famous buildings, whole towns) in turkey,……………………… 63 · 4.8Art, sculpture, crafts, galleries, festivals, events in turkey……………………………. 67 · 4.9Music and dance (classical, folk, contemporary) in turkey…………………………….. 68 · 4.10Drama (theatre, films, dramatists) in turkey…………………………………………….69 · 4.11 language and literature study, tours, events in turkey ……………………………….. 71. · 4.12Religious festivals, pilgrimages) in turkey…………………………………………… 79 · 5.0Health tourism in turkey………………………………………………………………….81 · 5.1Cultural tourism development in Iran…………………………………………………….84 · 5.2Key trends & development in Iran ……………………………………………………….85 · 5.3Archaeological sites and museums in Iran………………………………………………..87 · 5.4Architecture (ruins, famous buildings, whole towns) in Iran…………………………….88 · 5.5Art, sculpture, crafts, galleries, festivals, events in Iran………………………………….92 · 5.6Music and dance (classical, folk, contemporary) in Iran………………………………...95 · 5.7Drama (theatre, films, dramatists)in Iran…………………………………………………96 · 5.8Language and literature study, tours, events in Iran……………………………………..98 · 5.9Religious festivals, pilgrimages) in Iran………………………………………………….98 · 6.0Health tourism in Iran……………………………………………………………………99 8 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com · CHAPTER FIVE · 5.1Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………105 · 5.2 Recommendations with regard to the craft industry…………………………… 107 · 5.3 Recommendations with regard to the architectural heritage……………………………108 · 5.4 Recommendations with regard to archeological site and museum……………………..111 · 5.5 Recommendations with regard to the literature & languages…………………………..112 · 5.6Recommendations with regard to the religious festivals, pilgrimages………………….112 · 5.7 Recommendations with regard to the health tourism…………………………… …... 113 · BIBLIOGRAPHIES · Table1………………………………………………………………………………………..50 · Chart1………………………………………………………………………………………...54 · Graph1……………………………………………………………………………………….55 · Graph2……………………………………………………………………………………….57 · Table2………………………………………………………………………………………..58 · Chart………………………………………………………………………………………...103 9 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 10 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com INTRODUCTION 1-1 Cultural tourism development Cultural/heritage tourism is the fastest growing segment of the tourism industry because there is a trend toward an increased specialization among tourists. This trend is evident in the rise in the volume of tourists who seek adventure, culture, history, archaeology and interaction with local people. Especially, nowadays people’ interest in traveling to
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