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Traducción De Una Selección De Capítulos Del Webtoon True Beauty De Yaongyi

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Traducción De Una Selección De Capítulos Del Webtoon True Beauty De Yaongyi Traducción de una selección de capítulos del webtoon True Beauty de Yaongyi Olga Gómez Balduz Tutor/a: Victòria Alsina Keith Seminario 208: Traducción inglés Curso 2019-2020 Resumen El cómic es un género que ha ido evolucionando con el paso del tiempo y que se ha ido adaptando a las nuevas tecnologías. A partir de ello, han surgido distintos tipos de cómics digitales con diferentes nombres. Uno de ellos es el webtoon, que nace en Corea del Sur y que tiene unas características que vienen dadas por el soporte digital en el que se leen, distintas a las de los cómics en papel. Además, al ser una tipología que se consume digitalmente, hace uso de ciertos recursos, como la música, que ayudan a ambientar la historia y a que se comprenda mejor. En el presente trabajo, se presenta esta tipología de cómic y una traducción de los primeros cinco capítulos de True Beauty de Yaongyi para ver qué tipo de problemas conlleva y si son los mismos que los de los cómics tradicionales en papel. Se llega a la conclusión de que el webtoon no se deshace de los problemas del cómic en papel y que es una tipología de cómic que debe ser estudiada más a fondo debido a su auge en estos últimos años. Palabras clave: webtoon, traducción de cómic, cómic digital, onomatopeyas. Resum El còmic és un gènere que ha anat evolucionant amb el pas del temps i que s’ha anat adaptant a les noves tecnologies. A partir d’aquí, han sorgit diferents tipologies de còmics digitals amb diferents denominacions. Un d’ells és el webtoon, que sorgeix a Corea del Sud i que té unes característiques donades pel suport digital en què es llegeixen, diferents de les dels còmics en paper. A més a més, com és una tipologia consumida digitalment, utilitza certs recursos, com la música, que ajuden a ambientar la història i a que es comprengui millor. En aquest treball es presenta aquesta tipologia de còmic i una traducció dels cinc primers capítols de True Beauty de Yaongyi per veure quins problemes comporta i si són els mateixos que els dels còmics tradicionals en paper. S’arriba a la conclusió que el webtoon no es desprèn dels problemes del còmic en paper i que és una tipologia de còmic que ha de ser estudiada més a fons degut al seu creixement en aquests últims anys. Paraules clau: webtoon, traducció de còmic, còmic digital, onomatopeies. Abstract Comics are a genre that has evolved over time and has adapted to new technologies. Different types of digital comics have emerged under different names due to this and one of them is the webtoon, which was born in South Korea. Its characteristics are given by the digital medium in which they are read, which are different to those of paper comics. As it is a typology that is consumed digitally, it uses certain resources, such as music, which help to set the story in order to understand it better. In the present work, we present this typology of comic and a translation of the first five chapters of True Beauty by Yaongyi to see what kind of problems it entails and if they are the same as those of traditional paper comics. In conclusion, the webtoon does not get rid of the problems of paper comics and it is a typology of comic that must be studied more in depth due to its rise in the recent years. Keywords: webtoon, comic translation, digital comic, onomatopoeia. Índice 1. INTRODUCCIÓN 1 1.1. Justificación y objetivos 1 1.2. Metodología 2 2. EL CÓMIC 3 2.1. Historia del cómic 3 2.2. Los cómics digitales 4 2.2.1. El webtoon 6 3. EL CÓMIC Y SU TRADUCCIÓN 11 3.1. El lenguaje y características de los cómics 11 3.2. Problemas de traducción de los cómics 12 3.2.1. Texto y culturalidad en la imagen 12 3.2.2. La limitación del espacio 14 3.2.3. Las onomatopeyas 15 3.2.4. La traducción de los nombres propios 16 4. CONTEXTO DE LA OBRA 18 4.1. Sobre Line Webtoon 18 4.2. Sobre la obra 19 4.3. Sobre la autora 20 5. TRADUCCIÓN 21 5.1. Encargo de traducción 21 5.2. Traducción de los capítulos 21 5.2.1. Prólogo 22 5.2.2. Capítulo 1 29 5.2.3. Capítulo 2 38 5.2.4. Capítulo 3 45 5.2.5. Capítulo 4 54 6. COMENTARIO DE LA TRADUCCIÓN 62 6.1. Problemas de traducción generales 62 6.1.1. Título de la obra 62 6.1.2. Uso de los guiones y virgulillas 62 6.1.3. Onomatopeyas 63 6.1.4. Equivalentes de referentes culturales 65 6.2. Problemas de traducción relacionados con el formato del webtoon 66 6.2.1. Notas de traducción 66 6.3. Aspectos que no han resultado un problema 66 6.3.1. Espacio 66 6.3.2. Nombres propios 66 7. CONCLUSIONES 68 8. BIBLIOGRAFÍA 69 ANEXOS 71 Anexo 1: Páginas web del webtoon a traducir 71 Anexo 2: Esquemas sobre la terminología referida a los cómics digitales 71 Anexo 3: Tabla de onomatopeyas 72 1. INTRODUCCIÓN En este trabajo realizaré una traducción de un cómic con un nuevo formato: el webtoon True Beauty de Yaongyi, publicado en una página web y aplicación móvil llamada Line Webtoon de Line Corporation, una filial de Naver Corporation, empresa surcoreana que creó el portal de Internet de su país, equiparable a Google. Como la obra está publicada en esta plataforma, está escrita originalmente en coreano. Unos años después del lanzamiento de la plataforma, la compañía quiso hacer una versión internacional, así que los cómics que ya estaban publicados en coreano se tradujeron al inglés, entre ellos el que traduciré. Transcurrido un tiempo, se empezaron a incluir historias creadas originalmente en inglés y a traducir a más idiomas a partir de las versiones en inglés. Entre ellos se encuentran el francés y el español, que se incluyeron en 2019. El encargo de traducción que propongo en este trabajo es hacer la traducción del webtoon al español peninsular estándar, ya que la traducción que se empezó a hacer en 2019 está hecha en otra variedad. Por lo tanto, mi objetivo es hacer una versión con la que la gente de la península se sienta más cómoda. Algo que cabe destacar es que la traducción que haré no es a partir del original en coreano, sino que la haré a partir de la traducción ya hecha al inglés. En muchos casos, traducir a partir de traducciones no es la opción óptima ni la que más se lleva a cabo, pero en este caso es bastante pertinente. Esto es debido a que el coreano, a pesar de ser un idioma que hoy en día está en auge por la ola Hallyu,1 es un idioma complejo que es conocido por menos gente que el inglés, la lengua franca actual. Por lo tanto, es posible que haya menos traductores de este idioma y probablemente la tarifa es más elevada que la de una traducción desde el inglés. Por eso, creo que la traducción y el encargo que propongo es real, ya que en caso de que el encargo fuese hecho por una empresa, esta intentaría que la tarifa que tenga que pagar sea lo más reducida posible. Además, en este tipo de traducciones cuyo formato y distribución es online, la traducción de traducciones es algo bastante común. 1.1. Justificación y objetivos Como consumidora de todo tipo de cómics y como traductora y amante de las lenguas, siempre he tenido curiosidad por los problemas de traducción que presenta el género, y más aún los que presentan los webtoons, al estar publicados en un formato distinto del del cómic en papel. Además, esta clase de cómics contienen un tipo de recursos que hasta ahora los 1 La ola Hallyu u ola coreana es un término que hace referencia al fenómeno y a la popularidad que ha tenido la cultura de Corea del Sur, gracias a los K-dramas y el K-pop, las telenovelas y la música popular del país. 1 producidos en otros formatos no podían tener, como es la música, que ayuda a ambientar la historia y, por consiguiente, a que el lector llegue a estar más inmerso en ella. Estos recursos hacen que el cómic pase de ser un género que se podía considerar textual o plástico a audiovisual. Mi meta profesional es llegar a ser traductora audiovisual y es por eso por lo que he decidido escoger una clase de cómic que se acerca más al tipo de traducción a la que yo quiero acabar dedicándome profesionalmente. Por consiguiente, mis objetivos en este trabajo son hacer una traducción del inglés al español peninsular estándar del webtoon True Beauty, ver los problemas de traducción que conlleva el género del cómic, el del webcómic y el del webtoon y aprender más sobre dichos géneros y sobre la obra que voy a tratar. 1.2. Metodología Para hacer el trabajo he seguido el orden por puntos en el que está distribuido. Primero de todo, he leído artículos, páginas web y un libro para poder escribir el primer punto que habla sobre el cómic y el cómic digital. Además, he hecho unos esquemas para entender las diferencias entre los distintos tipos de cómics digitales, incluidos en el anexo 2. Después, he continuado con el siguiente apartado, que trata sobre los problemas de traducción generales que conllevan los cómics. Para redactarlo, también he tenido que leer varios artículos de profesionales previamente.
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