DOCSLIB.ORG

США И Россия: 210 Лет Дипломатических Отношений И Международной Коммуникации USA and Russia: 210 Years of Diplomatic Relations and International Communication

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
США И Россия: 210 Лет Дипломатических Отношений И Международной Коммуникации USA and Russia: 210 Years of Diplomatic Relations and International Communication УДК 930.85 НИР. Современная коммуникативистика (№ 3, 2017). 68:8–14 ОБЩИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ КОММУНИКАТИВИСТИКИ США и Россия: 210 лет дипломатических отношений и международной коммуникации USA and Russia: 210 Years of Diplomatic Relations and International Communication DOI: 10.12737/ article_58fda885671132.23223626 Получено: 13 февраля 2017 г. / Одобрено: 17 февраля 2017 г. / Опубликовано: 17 мая 2017 г. Р.О. Райнхардт R.O. Raynkhardt Канд. экон. наук, преподаватель кафедры Ph.D. (World Economy), Lecturer at the Department дипломатии МГИМО МИД России, for Diplomatic Studies Россия, 119454, Москва, пр-т Вернадского, 76, Moscow State Institute of International Relations e-mail: [email protected] (University), 76, Prospect Vernadskogo, Moscow, 119454, Russia, e-mail: [email protected] Аннотация Abstract Статья посвящена 210-летнему юбилею установления дипломати- The article is dedicated to the 210th anniversary of establishment of dip- ческих отношений между США и Россией и раскрывает историю их lomatic relations between the United States of America and Russia and развития. Рассмотрены основные вопросы российско-американ- casts light upon their genesis and development. It provides an acute insight ской повестки на протяжении более двухсот лет. При комплексном into the key issues of US-Russian agenda within a time span of more than исследовании предмета автор делает акцент на отдельных кейсах, 200 years. Along with giving a holistic picture of the subject, the author ключевых с точки зрения понимания текущей геополитической конъ- focuses on specific cases crucial for understanding the current geopolitical юнктуры, определяемой взаимодействием двух стран. Анализируя juncture shaped by the interaction of the two nations. With an emphasis on различия в их политической культуре, автор выявляет важную роль differences in political culture, he outlines the important role of cross-cultural межкультурной коммуникации в рамках соответствующих историче- communication within the framework of the respective cases. The findings ских эпизодов. Результаты исторического анализа дают почву для derived from the historical analysis give grounds for a certain degree of умеренного оптимизма относительно дальнейшего развития отноше- optimism in terms of further development of the relationship between the ний между США и Россией. US and Russia. Ключевые слова: российско-американские отношения, история ди- Keywords: US-Russia relations, history of diplomacy, Cold War, Ukrainian пломатии, холодная война, украинский кризис, межкультурная комму- crisis, international communication. никация. Good old frienemies Palmerstone [5], seems to be hardly applicable to foreign affairs. At the same time, globalization tends to make the In 2017, Russia and the United States celebrate 210 world arena too small for any two countries to disregard years since the official establishment of their diplomatic each other’s interests. Shrinking distances along with relations. The cross-cultural communication of the two growing interconnection of the key geopolitical actors nations has an even longer history and sometimes conjures make us therefore live in a global village where a clash of up the buzzword ‘frienemy’. The latter, being a portman- interests (both strategic and tactical) should not be re - teau of the words ‘friend’ and ‘enemy’ (nowadays more garded as something unusual. commonly spelled ‘frenemy’), first appeared in the US Without going too much into theory, it can be presumed press on May 19, 1953 in the article ‘Howz about calling that the bigger and more powerful the potential parties the Russians our Frienemies?’ [14]. It gained popularity to a conflict of interests are, the more often they will face even outside the political discourse and in the modern confrontation. In the case of Russia and the US such usage can refer to either an enemy disguised as a friend confrontation has so far culminated in a stage common- or to a friend who is simultaneously a competitor and ly referred to as the Cold War which used to shape the rival. In the present context, we definitely opt for the international scene for almost half a century. However, second meaning. A similarly ambivalent sense can be since then the countries in question have also gone through attributed to the word ‘coopetition’ (portmanteau of better periods in their bilateral relations. ‘cooperation’ and ‘com-petition’), also used in the pre- As for the current state of affairs in this framework, sent article. today’s political and economic juncture tends to conduce In general, almost every relationship between two concern. Successively as the situation in different parts nations, whether amicable or rather hostile, cannot but of the world, especially the Middle East and Ukraine, is have its ups and downs. Eternal friendship just as per - getting more and more complicated, doom-mongers come petual enmity, in line with a famous quote by Lord up with gloomy prophecies. Since the beginning of the 8 Общие проблемы коммуникативистики respective crises, Cassandra’s forecasts vary from the outcome, these steps might be deemed such as to merit resumption of the aforementioned Cold War to the break- the final verdict of having contributed to the signature of out (if running into extremes) of a hot one [7; 10]. On the peace treaties in 1783. the other hand, analysts who prefer to be more reserved When all relevant factors have been taken into con- in their judgments are still far from being optimistic about sideration, it would not seem totally opportune to give what at this point tends to remind a deadlock [12]. The the Russian empire credit for US independence. Still, on jury is still out, but no matter what stance one takes, mature reflection the outlined firm policy of non-inter- positive expectations and aspirations do not yet seem to ference definitely played an important and constructive be backed up by facts — even after the election of Donald role in the process of global and local dispute settlement. Trump, who enjoys the sympathy of a good part of Russian Moreover, it definitely was not the worst start for a rela- establishment and public. tionship. At any rate, there is not a shred of doubt that the above Nevertheless, it is worth mentioning that Russia was problems are an issue at the top of US-Russian agenda apparently in no hurry to provide these relations with an and have a great impact on the development of the latter. official and legal basis by means of diplomacy. Shortly Whatever the future has in hold for us in terms of their after Catherine’s above mentioned declaration of 1780, possible resolution, it will most probably signify another which Americans regarded as an undoubtedly friendly benchmark for the two great powers with the largest nu- step, they sent Francis Dana as Minister (term used to clear stockpiles. But how radical can it actually be? A designate Ambassador at that time) to the Russian empire. brief look at the history makes one think of the well-known This statesman resided in Saint Petersburg till 1783 with- statement from The Inspired Writings: out being officially received at court. The next Minister “Is there any thing whereof it may be said, See, this is (Plenipotentiary) William Short, an experienced diplomat, new? it hath been already of old time, which was before us.” was appointed only 25 years later, but his mission did not (Ecclesiastes 1:10). turn out to be a success either — this time due to domes- Formulating the initial thesis in a more straightforward tic issues. Close associate of Thomas Jefferson (who would manner, one might go so far as to say that we have seen call him ‘adoptive son’), Short used to be the head of US worse. But we have also seen better. diplomatic missions in France, the Netherlands and Spain, i.e. America’s key strategic partners in Europe. His ap- Once upon a time in America pointment to Russia took place during a recess of the US Senate. While he was en route, the Senate rejected the It all started a long time ago when the United States nomination hindering him to proceed to post. of America as we know them now did not even exist. Thus, the official establishment of diplomatic relations The year 1775 as one of the momentous turning points between the Russian empire and the United States of in history was marked by the unrests braking out in America dates back to 1807. The first US ambassador to 13 British colonies of the New World. Not to put too actually present credentials to Catherine’s grandson fine a point on it, this initially internal affair of the Alexander I was none other than John Quincy Adams United Kingdom with a substantially economic under- who later became the 6th President (1825–1829) of his pinning soon turned into the American Revolutionary country. His identity and service record appear even more War with serious political repercussions at the interna - impressive compared to those of his nominal forerunners tional level. Using the modern terminology of political on the post and give an idea of the importance the US scientists, the respective events may have easily been attached to dealing with Russia. John Quincy Adams was referred to as the American spring with the Battles of the son of one of the US founding fathers John Adams, Lexington and Concord as the first military engagements who himself used to serve as ambassador to Great Britain being fought on April 19, 1775. and the Netherlands before becoming the 2nd US President As soon as it became clear that the situation was get- in 1797. The highlights of John Quincy Adams’ diplo - ting out of control, the British monarch George III began matic career are: US Minister Resident to the Netherlands looking for allies and addressed his Russian counterpart (1794–1797), Minister Resident to Prussia (1797–1801), Catherine II (the Great) asking for assistance. The Empress, Minister to Russia (1809–1814 — during Russia’s war however, turned him down flat but made considerable with Napoleon), Minister to Great Britain (1814–1817), efforts to organize peace negotiations between the bel- Secretary of State (1817–1825).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Presidential Documents
    Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents Monday, May 27, 2002 Volume 38—Number 21 Pages 849–910 Contents Addresses and Remarks Joint Statements See also Meetings With Foreign Leaders Joint Declaration by President George W. Cuba, Initiative for a New—852 Bush and President Vladimir V. Putin on Florida, 100th anniversary of Cuban the New Strategic Relationship Between independence in Miami—854 the United States of America and the Germany Russian Federation—894 Bundestag, special session in Berlin—881 Joint Statements by President George W. Departure for Berlin—875 Bush and President Vladimir V. Putin NCAA champion teams—862 Counterterrorism Cooperation—899 Radio address—851 Developments in the U.S.-Russian Russia, community and religious leaders in Economic Relationship—900 Moscow—904 New U.S.-Russian Energy Dialogue—903 Situation in the Middle East—898 Communications to Congress U.S.-Russian People-to-People Contacts— Supplemental and emergency appropriations, 902 letter transmitting requests—866 Treaty Between the United States of America Interviews With the News Media and the Russian Federation on Strategic Offensive Reductions—893 Interviews Christian Malar of TF–3 French Meetings With Foreign Leaders television—873 Germany Claus Kleber of ARD German television— Chancellor Schroeder—875, 881 858 President Rau—881 European journalists—866 Russia, President Putin—886, 887 Giulio Borrelli of RAI Italian television— 860 Proclamations News conferences National Maritime Day—863 May 23 with Chancellor Schroeder of National Missing Children’s Day—864 Germany in Berlin—875 National Safe Boating Week—849 May 24 with President Putin of Russia in Prayer for Peace, Memorial Day—865 Moscow—887 World Trade Week—850 (Continued in the inside of the back cover.) Editor’s Note: The President was in Moscow, Russia, on May 24, the closing date of this issue.
    [Show full text]
  • Arctic Security and Outer Space
    SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF Byers, M. (2020). Arctic Security and Outer Space. Scandinavian MILITARY STUDIES Journal of Military Studies, 3(1), pp. 183–196. DOI: https://doi. org/10.31374/sjms.56 RESEARCH ARTICLE Arctic Security and Outer Space Michael Byers Global Politics and International Law, University of British Columbia, CA. This article was delivered in Nuuk, Greenland, as the keynote speech at the Signature Conference of the Royal Danish Defence College, on 2 October 2019. It builds on an earlier piece: ‘Cold, dark, and dangerous: international cooperation in the arctic and space,’ Polar Record 55(1), 32–47, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0032247419000160 [email protected] Journalists often portray the Arctic and Space as rife with economic competition, contested territorial claims, and impending conflicts. In actuality, there is extensive and ongoing coopera- tion between Russia and Western states in both regions. A number of factors common to the Arctic and to Space contribute to this ongoing cooperation, including ‘complex interdependence’ and widely agreed rules of international law. This article focuses on three further common factors: the ‘cold, dark, and dangerous’ character of the regions; the absence of substantial ‘weaponisation’; and the relative ease with which information about military activities may be gathered in the Arctic and Space, for instance through Space-based technologies. The latter factor enables Arctic and Space-faring states to avoid classic ‘security dilemmas’. Keywords: Arctic; Space; Security; International Cooperation; International Law; Russia; NATO 1. Introduction The Arctic is closely connected to Outer Space (‘Space’). The Arctic climate is a consequence of Earth’s orbital mechanics, most notably the tilt of the planet, which leads to the absence of sunlight in winter and to 24-hour sunlight in summer.
    [Show full text]
  • Russia Outer Space Treaty Modifications
    Russia Outer Space Treaty Modifications vengesTully still onside. refashions ineluctably while pleural Woodie libel that bullaries. Bothersome Sigfried coapt spikily. Occultist Ian The program enriched by further declares that during outer space station elements of the original of the initial major advances in space debris and, who put all personnel to And we thank those nations which have had the courage to do so already. The relevance of this case for the treatment of the space commons may be somewhat speculative since currently the General Agreement on Trade in Services does not apply to launch services. Outer Space Treaty have been expanded and reaffirmed into new specific international conventions and agreements, Dr. Special responsibility to russia under international laws or russia outer space treaty modifications to establish relevant to make its space. Bilibino Energy Hub, however, and the American environment that is conducive to innovation as well as private sector operations and growth is vital. Removing such weapons from Europe would not require NATO to eliminate either nuclear first use or response options. Supplementary Procedures for Large, the Outer Space Treaty and the UN Charter make its military UN applications clearly not inconsistent with its wider civil object and purposes. Party would be grouped into force application sponsored conference, modifications would be willing, mobilised one hundred options, russia outer space treaty modifications essential for. Moon Treaty which provides that the placing of vehicles on the surface of the moon does not constitute an appropriation. Despite ongoing problems which it free for outer space treaty modifications essential in russia outer space treaty modifications made.
    [Show full text]
  • 10. Ballistic Missile Defence and Nuclear Arms Control
    10. Ballistic missile defence and nuclear arms control SHANNON N. KILE I. Introduction In 2001 the international controversy over the United States’ missile defence plans and the future of the 1972 Treaty on the Limitation of Anti-Ballistic Missile Systems (ABM Treaty) came to a head. On 13 December, President George W. Bush announced that the USA would withdraw from the ABM Treaty. Bush’s announcement was widely expected and did not undermine commitments made by Russia and the USA the previous month to further reduce their nuclear arsenals. Against the background of improving political relations, Bush and Russian President Vladimir Putin had pledged to make significant new cuts in US and Russian strategic nuclear forces. As the year ended, however, there was disagreement between Russia and the USA over whether these reductions would be made within the framework of an arms control treaty or as parallel, non-legally binding initiatives. This chapter reviews the principal developments in missile defence and nuclear arms control in 2001. Section II describes the US administration’s decision to withdraw from the ABM Treaty and assesses the reaction of Russia and other states. It also examines changes in the US programme to develop and deploy a missile defence system designed to protect the United States and its allies from a limited ballistic missile attack. Section III examines the Russian and US commitments to make further nuclear force reductions. It also notes the completion of the reductions in strategic nuclear delivery vehicles (SNDVs) and accountable warheads mandated by the 1991 Treaty on the Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms (START I Treaty).
    [Show full text]
  • Arms Control – II
    CSIS_______________________________ Center for Strategic and International Studies 1800 K Street N.W. Washington, DC 20006 (202) 775-3270 For Additional material see: CSIS.ORG Comment to: [email protected] Concepts of Arms Control – II Global Controls and East- West Agreements Anthony H. Cordesman Senior Fellow for Strategic Assessment May 2000 Copyright Anthony H. Cordesman, all rights reserved. Concepts of Arms Control II – Key Agreements 5/17/00 Page 2 Table of Contents Part One: The Global Tools at Hand: Strategic Nuclear Forces and the Impact of START ......................................................................................................................................4 The Nuclear Dimension ..........................................................................................................5 US, Russian, and Ukrainian Strategic Nuclear Forces Declared for Start I...............................7 The US, Russian, and Ukrainian Strategic Nuclear Triad Declared for Start I..........................8 US and Russian Deployed Strategic Nuclear Forces................................................................9 US, Russian, and Ukrainian ICBMs Declared for Start I .......................................................10 US and Russian Deployed ICBM Missiles ............................................................................11 US, Russian, and Ukrainian ICBM Warheads Declared for Start I.........................................12 US, Russian, and Ukrainian SLBMs Declared for Start I.......................................................13
    [Show full text]
  • The End of the Cold War: Moscow
    The End of the Cold War: Moscow President Reagan and Nancy Reagan receiving an official greeting from Mikhail Gorbachev and Raisa Gorbachev in St. George's Hall at the Grand Kremlin Palace in Moscow. 5/29/88. From the Archives brings primary source documents and exploration into the classroom. These educational resources, carefully curated by our Education team, are meant to enhance historical discussions around relevant topics of today in history, civics, geography, and economics. Overview: Most summits have a specific goal in mind, whether it is a peace treaty, arms negotiation, or trade. Many summits have alternate goals as well. These meetings are often used as an opportunity to get a feel for the other side and their points of view. Other times it is to make a statement to that nation, your own nation, or the world. Sometimes it is about making connections beyond the political ones. The Moscow Summit was very much a Summit of alternate goals rather than substantive ones. President Reagan was determined to make a personal connection with everyday Russians. He wanted to help them understand the people of the United States and for him to better understand the hearts and minds of the Soviet people. Suggested Classroom Activities: Consider having students look at the following documents and analyze what ‘message’ President Reagan was trying to convey. Also, have students hypothesize about which audience the message was directed towards. A student handout follows this page and can help students organize their thoughts when reading and discussing the documents. Notes on Items: Primary Source A: This document is the first part of President Reagan’s Briefing Book and contains the letter from General Colin Powell regarding the sensitivity of the document as well as the cover page and the proposed schedule.
    [Show full text]
  • START II Treaty*
    552 THE INTERNATIONAL LAWYER the Tribunal should be deemed equivalent to requests by a foreign government under such a treaty and as authorizing extradition to the Tribunal; (2) incorpo- rate the pertinent language of selected articles of a modern extradition treaty relating to the issues requiring particular regulation; and (3) preclude the denial of extradition on the basis that the crimes charged before the Tribunal are "political offenses." III. Conclusion The Section of International Law and Practice believes that the ABA should support the establishment of the Tribunal and urge Congress to promptly adopt implementing legislation to enable the President of the United States to give full support to the Tribunal. The Section further believes that the ABA should urge that every effort be made to assure that due process and procedural guarantees are fully respected in the implementation of the Tribunal's mandate. Endorsement of the Tribunal through adoption of the accompanying recom- mendation by the American Bar Association will further the process begun by the United Nations to prosecute those responsible for violations of international humanitarian law committed in the territory of the former Yugoslavia. In addition, it will strengthen the ability of the U.S. Government to effect the implementation of the Tribunal's mandate in a manner consistent with due process and procedural guarantees and will lend support to the U.S. Congress in adopting appropriate implementing legislation. Such an endorsement by the ABA will thus further Goal VIII of the Association-to advance the rule of law in the world. Respectfully submitted, Louis B. Sohn Chair Section of International August 1993 Law and Practice II.
    [Show full text]
  • Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
    2005 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons 2–27 May 2005 New York 2005 NPT Review Conference 2–27 May 2005, New York C O N T E N T S 1. THE 2005 NPT REVIEW CONFERENCE 2. ACTIVITIES OF THE IAEA IN RELATION TO THE NPT 3. CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS RELATING TO NUCLEAR NON-PROLIFERATION 4. DECISIONS AND RESOLUTION ADOPTED AT THE 1995 NPT REVIEW AND EXTENSION CONFERENCE 5. FINAL DOCUMENT OF THE 2000 NPT REVIEW CONFERENCE 6. LIST OF STATES THAT HAVE RATIFIED OR ACCEDED TO THE NPT AS OF 1 MARCH 2005 7. TEXT OF THE TREATY ON THE NON-PROLIFERATION OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS 2005 NPT Review Conference 2–27 May 2005, New York Ambassador Sérgio de Queiroz Duarte (Brazil) President-designate of the 2005 NPT Review Conference Media Contacts for the 2005 NPT Review Conference Mr. Michael Cassandra Mr. Nikolai Rogosaroff United Nations Department for Disarmament Affairs United Nations Department for Disarmament Affairs S-3151A S-3170F Telephone: (212)963-7714 Telephone: 917-367-2158 Fax: (917)367-5369 Fax: 212-963-8892 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] 2005 NPT Review Conference 1 2–27 May 2005, New York THE 2005 REVIEW CONFERENCE OF THE PARTIES TO THE TREATY ON THE NON-PROLIFERATION OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS The 2005 Review Conference of the Parties to the terminated in 1949 without the achievement of this Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons objective, due to serious political differences between (NPT) will meet at the United Nations in New York from the major Powers.
    [Show full text]
  • Extending Russia Competing from Advantageous Ground
    Extending Russia Competing from Advantageous Ground James Dobbins, Raphael S. Cohen, Nathan Chandler, Bryan Frederick, Edward Geist, Paul DeLuca, Forrest E. Morgan, Howard J. Shatz, Brent Williams C O R P O R A T I O N For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RR3063 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for this publication. ISBN: 978-1-9774-0021-5 Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2019 RAND Corporation R® is a registered trademark. Cover: Pete Soriano/Adobe Stock Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. Support RAND Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at www.rand.org/giving/contribute www.rand.org Preface This report documents research and analysis conducted as part of the RAND Corporation research project Extending Russia: Competing from Advantageous Ground, sponsored by the Army Quadrennial Defense Review Office, Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff G-8, Headquarters, Department of the Army.
    [Show full text]
  • Outer Space and Global Security
    UNIDIR/2003/26 Outer Space and Global Security UNIDIR United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research Geneva, Switzerland Project Ploughshares Canada Waterloo, Canada The Simons Centre for Peace and Disarmament Studies Vancouver, Canada NOTE Symbols of United Nations documents are composed of capital letters combined with figures. Mention of such a symbol indicates a reference to a United Nations document. * * * The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. UNIDIR/2003/26 Copyright © United Nations, 2003 All rights reserved UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATION Sales No. GV.E.03.0.26 ISBN 92-9045-155-6 The United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR)—an intergovernmental organization within the United Nations—conducts research on disarmament and security. UNIDIR is based in Geneva, Switzerland, the centre for bilateral and multilateral disarmament and non- proliferation negotiations, and home of the Conference on Disarmament. The Institute explores current issues pertaining to the variety of existing and future armaments, as well as global diplomacy and local entrenched tensions and conflicts. Working with researchers, diplomats, Government officials, NGOs and other institutions since 1980, UNIDIR acts as a bridge between the research community and Governments. UNIDIR’s activities are funded by contributions from Governments and donors foundations. The Institute’s web site can be found at URL: http://www.unidir.org Cover page: designed by Diego Oyarzún-Reyes (UNCTAD) iv CONTENTS Page Preface.
    [Show full text]
  • Cultural Program Uses Dance to Unite Honduran Youths Keepers of The
    Keepers of the Seal Presidential Appointments Office Plays Unique Role Environment Advocates Eco-diplomacy Focus of OBO Green Embassy Guide state.gov/statemag April 2014 Dance Outreach Cultural program uses dance to unite Honduran youths April 2014 // Issue Number 588 22 City of Contrasts Moscow offers challenge, cutural riches The Donskoy Monastery is reflected in a wet walkway on a sunny winter day. Photo by Mark Meyer 9 Features 9 CA Milestone Passport agency opens in Puerto Rico 10 Virtual Interns Student researchers help Department 12 Roll Cameras Latinos pitch business models on TV 14 Honduras Tour Dance troupe promotes social inclusion 17 Jobs Abroad GEI helps launch family entrepreneurs 18 Great Seal Keeper 28 Presidential Appointments’ unique role 20 Green Tools OBO guides promote eco-diplomacy 28 Social Entrepreneurs Crowdfunding key to success in Armenia 30 Holocaust Story Estonia exhibit features survivor’s letters 32 Changing Arctic Department sees problems, opportunities Columns 2 Post One 3 America the Beautiful 32 4 In the News 8 Diversity Notes 34 In Brief 37 Lying in State 38 Appointments 39 Obituaries 40 End State On The Cover The Dance Theater of Harlem performs in Honduras during an embassy sponsored tour. Photo by Daniel A. Durazo Post One BY ISAAC D. PACHECO Editor-in-Chief Isaac D. Pacheco // [email protected] Deputy Editor Ed Warner // [email protected] A Delicate Associate Editor Bill Palmer // [email protected] Dance Art Director Peter Ziff // [email protected] Every posting abroad comes with unique Contacting Us challenges. Cultural differences, geographic 301 4th Street SW, Room 348 boundaries, environmental issues and Washington DC 20547 sociopolitical affairs all shape the Foreign [email protected] Service experience, as does the state of the Phone: (202) 203-7115 bilateral relationship.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution, Impacts, and Promise of U.S.-Russian Techno-Diplomacy” Science & Diplomacy, Vol
    Glenn E. Schweitzer, “Evolution, Impacts, and Promise of U.S.-Russian Techno-Diplomacy” Science & Diplomacy, Vol. 8, No. 2 (December 2019). http://sciencediplomacy.org/ article/2019/evolution-impacts-and-promise-us-russian-techno-diplomacy This copy is for non-commercial use only. More articles, perspectives, editorials, and letters can be found at www.sciencediplomacy.org. Science & Diplomacy is published by the Center for Science Diplomacy of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), the world’s largest general scientific society. Evolution, Impacts, and Promise of U.S.-Russian Techno-Diplomacy Glenn E. Schweitzer ver the past seventy-five years, Russian and U.S. academies of sciences and Orelated organizations have learned a wide range of lessons through cooperation involving tens of thousands of scientists, engineers, and health professionals. When supported by the two governments, science engagement can provide many opportunities for advancing global science while helping guide future diplomacy in positive directions. One very important lesson from past experience is quite simple. Despite recurring blockages in U.S.-Russian collaboration, dedicated and enterprising scientists have become adept at finding innovative, unorthodox ways to advance programs that can benefit science and society alike.1 Although the U.S. and Russian science academies have the deepest history of carrying out bilateral cooperative programs, they have been but a small, although highly influential, component of overall collaboration involving U.S. and Russian specialists in many disciplines. As examples of other approaches, in the 1960s the Soviet government invited thousands of Americans to participate in a series of Glenn E. Schweitzer serves on the staff of the National Research Council of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine.
    [Show full text]