America's Economic Challenge in Asia: Guam's Strategic Business Role
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vs S. HRG 99-806 AMERICA'S ECONOMIC CHALLENGE INASIA: GUAM'S STRATEGIC BUSINESS ROLE HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON MONETARY AND FISCAL POLICY AND THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON TRADE, PRODUCTIVITY, AND ECONOMIC GROWTH OF THE JOINT ECONOMIC COMMITTEE CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES NINETY-NINTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION SEPTEMBER 10, 1985 Printed for the use of the Joint Economic Committee U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 62-060 0 WASHINGTON: 1986 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. Congressional Sales Omce U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington, DC 20402 JOINT ECONOMIC COMMrITEE [Created pursuant to sec. 5(a) of Public Law 304, 79th Congress] HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES SENATE DAVID R. OBEY, Wisconsin, Chairman JAMES ABDNOR, South Dakota, Vice LEE H. HAMILTON, Indiana Chairman PARREN J. MITCHELL, Maryland WILLIAM V. ROTH, JR., Delaware AUGUSTUS F. HAWKINS, California STEVEN D. SYMMS, Idaho JAMES H. SCHEUER, New York MACK MATI'INGLY, Georgia FORTNEY H. (PETE) STARK, California ALFONSE M. D'AMATO, New York CHALMERS P. WYLIE, Ohio PETE WILSON, California DANIEL E. LUNGREN, California LLOYD BENTSEN, Texas OLYMPIA J. SNOWE, Maine WILLIAM PROXMIRE, Wisconsin BOBBI FIEDLER, California EDWARD M. KENNEDY, Massachusetts PAUL S. SARBANES, Maryland Scorr LILLY, Executive Director RoBERaJ. TomsuD, Deputy Director ;--. 4i SUBCOMMITTEE ON MONETARY AND FISCAL POLICY SENATE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES STEVEN D. SYMMS, Idaho, Chairman CHALMERS P. WYLIE, Ohio, ALFONSE M. D'AMATO, New York Vice Chairman EDWARD M. KENNEDY, Massachusetts BOBBI FIEDLER, California PAUL S. SARBANES, Maryland LEE H. HAMILTON, Indiana DAVID R. OBEY, Wisconsin SuBcosmmITTEE ON TRADE, PRODUCTIVITY, AND ECONOMIC GROWTH SENATE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES WILLIAM V. ROTH. JR., Delaware, DANIEL E. LUNGREN, California, Chairman Vice Chairman PETE WILSON, California PARREN J. MITCHELL, Maryland WILLIAM PROXMIRE, Wisconsin JAMES H. SCHEUER, New York a; ;, . tll~~~~~~~~~~~~~I) AMERICA'S ECONOMIC CHALLENGE IN ASIA: GUAM'S STRATEGIC BUSINESS ROLE TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 10, 1985 CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, SUBCOMMITTEE ON MONETARY AND FISCAL POLICY AND THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON TRADE, PRODUCTIVITY, AND ECONOMIC GROWTH OF THE JOINT ECONOMIC COMMITTEE, Washington, DC The Subcommittee on Monetary and Fiscal Policy met, pursuant to notice, at 10 a.m., in room SD-562, Dirksen Senate Office Build- ing, Hon. Steven D. Symms (chairman of the subcommittee) presid- ing. Present: Senators Symms, D'Amato, and Mattingly. Also present: Joe Cobb, professional staff member. OPENING STATEMENT OF SENATOR SYMMS, CHAIRMAN Senator SYMMS. The Subcommittee on Monetary and Fiscal Policy will now come to order. We will discuss this morning America's economic challenge in Asia and Guam's strategic business role. Now, I would like to open this hearing on this strategic business role of the territory of Guam by welcoming my colleagues. We have got two of my colleagues here in the Senate with us here this morning. We are delighted that they are here, Senator D'Amato and Senator Mattingly, and then honored guests from Guam's gov- ernment and business community and the Federal officials whose agencies deal directly with the territory. Of course, our first witness will be Delegate Ben Blaz, and we will talk about that a little bit more in a minute. But I am also a member of the Senate Finance Committee, which currently is hearing President Reagan's tax proposal. I will be rely- ing very heavily on testimony given here today to guide me and the tax committees on the effects of the tax proposals on the terri- tories. In my work with the Senate Finance Committee I have become very interested in the issue of tax autonomy for Guam because I have seen the effects of unwise tax policies and how they can stifle and block economic development, and I am a strong advocate of policies that aim at stimulating economic enterprise and growth. The Joint Economic Committee is holding this hearing in re- sponse to the concern and request of Delegate Ben Blaz, who repre- sents Guam. He brought to my attention some of the issues in- volved in the territory's economic development and how Federal (1) 2 policies and pending tax, trade, and other legislation can affect the territory. The Joint Economic Committee is an investigative, rather than a legislative body. The committee is a congressional forum where new ideas are examined and brought forward. It has served as a launching pad for many major national themes such as tax simpli- fication, privatization, and enterprise zones. President Reagan's first-term tax cuts were one of the new ideas launched by this com- mittee. The major focus of this hearing will be Guam's role, actual, and potential, in America's ever-expanding trade with the Asia-Pacific region. That trade has grown phenomenally in the last 10 years and now exceeds our total trade with our traditional European allies. The Heritage Foundation and Reason Magazine have pub- lished lengthy reports that demonstrate how the territory of Guam, if given Federal support and freedom from overregulation, could develop into a second Hong Kong in this vital trade arena. There will be two sessions to this hearing. The morning's session, which I will chair, will be conducted by the Subcommittee on Mon- etary and Fiscal Policy. The afternoon s session will be held by the Subcommittee on Trade, Productivity, and Economic Growth. Rep- resentative Daniel Lungren will chair that hearing. This morning's session will begin with testimony on President Reagan's tax reform proposal and its effect on the territory of Guam. The proposal contains important provisions that would grant the territory the autonomy to delink from the mirror tax system based on the IRS Code and set up a tax system appropriate to Guam's needs. The second major topic this morning will deal with the roles of Federal and local government in the territory's development and will include a discussion of a subject dear to my heart, the opportu- nity for transferring government service to private contractors. I also am looking forward to your testimony on the. impact of immi- gration laws on the territory because I have a deep interest in pro- posed changes to U.S. immigration laws. Before we begin the testimony, I would like to mention that my friendship and association with Delegate Ben Blaz goes back sever- al years and my respect for him has increased over those years. As a matter of fact, I had the pleasure a few years ago of publishing in the Congressional Record a speech Brig. Gen. Ben Blaz made at the Marine Corps' basic school at the end of his distinguished career in the Marine. Corps. And now I would like to ask Delegate Blaz if he would come for- ward for his opening remarks And I think just as a matter of interest that Delegate Ben Blaz was the first Guamanian to be a commissioned officer in the U.S. Marine Corps in the Armed Forces of the United States. He was on Guam during the Japanese occupation, so he understands the stra- tegic significance that Guam means to the security of the United States. And I think as a point of personal pride, for not only him but for myself and all the other former marines, that General Blaz was lib- erated on Guam by the fighting 9th Marines of the 3d Marine Divi- sion in 1944, and later on he had the privilege and the high honor 5 FOR YEARS GUAM HAS PLAYED ITS PART IN PROTECTING AND ADVANCING THIS NATION'S INTEREST IN THE REGION MILITARILY. WITH GUAM'S NAVAL BASE, STRATEGIC AIR COMMAND BASE, NAVAL AIR STATION, AND NAVAL COMMUNICATIONS STATION WE HAVE HA) A SECURE-MILITARY FOOTHOLD IN THE REGION. THE NEW ROLE GUAM MUST UNDERTAKE IN THE REGION, HOWEVERIS VASTLY DIFFERENT. GUAM IS INVOLVED IN THE MOST ACTIVE TRADE REGION IN THE WORLD AND IT MUST ASSUME A LARGER PART IN THIS ACTIVITY. THE COUNTRIES OF THIS REGION HAVE BECOME EXTREMELY EXPORT-ORIENTED. THEIR UNDEVELOPED FARM- BASED SOCIETIES HAVE BEEN CONVERTED TO INDUSTRIAL-BASED MANUFACTURING. TRADE IS THE BUSINESS OF THE FUTURE. GUAM MUST TAKE PART IN THIS TRADE. MANY AMERICANS ARE UNAWARE OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THIS REGION. I BELIEVE IT IS THROUGH PUBLIC HEARINGS SUCH AS THIS THAT THESE DEVELOPMENTS CAN BE MADE MORE WIDELY KNOWN. THANK YOU, MR. CHAIRMAN. 6 Senator MArrINGLY. I have no statement, Mr. Chairman. I wel- come Delegate Blaz, and I will have some questions for the record later. Senator SYMMS. Mr. Blaz, welcome to the subcommittee. STATEMENT OF HON. BEN BLAZ, A U.S. DELEGATE IN CONGRESS FROM THE TERRITORY OF GUAM Delegate BLAz. Thank you very much. I must admit I was a little bit overwhelmed by your remarks. I am a bit nervous here, and I hadn't heard the Marines mentioned in so long that it reminded me of what a good time I had, and you did, too, as I recall. Thank you very much, Senator Symms. I also want to thank Representative Lungren, who has agreed to cochair the subcommit- tee hearings this morning and this afternoon. This would not have been possible without your help and encour- agement. I would also like to warmly welcome Guam Government and business leaders who have shown a real commitment to the cause of enhancing Federal-territorial relations by coming 9,000 miles at their own expense to testify at these hearings. It is very important for the future of our territory that Congress hears and examines the views of Guam's leaders on how the terri- tory can play a larger role in the international trade and develop- ment that America is such a vital part of in our area of the world.