Networks Enhance Inarajan Village’s Sense of Place By Yuki Cruz, Master of Urban Planning 2013 ) ) Overview” provides a general The first chapter identifies synopsis of the island’s attributes that exist within the geographic, economic, and village. These attributes come demographic characteristics. from multiple sources including The second section “Tourism TripAdvisor, Guampedia, and on Guam” discusses the role of local opinion. tourism, the habits of tourists, Executive Summary and current efforts to strengthen The second chapter analyzes the tourism industry. The third the social network of the people section discusses the architec- involved in the Inarajan Historic tural and cultural significance Architectural District Revitaliza- of Inarajan Village. Finally, the tion Plan. The analysis uncovers fourth section provides a synop- trends and shortcoming within sis the Inarajan Historic Archi- the network. tectural Distric Revitalization This document studies how networks can be used to strengthen the Plan. Part 3: long-term social, cultural, and economic vitality of Guam’s Inarajan Conclusion and Village. The document is broken down into three main parts: Over- Part 2: Assessment Recommendations view, Assessment, and Conclusion. The Assessment addresses two This part addresses the Part 1: Overview topics: main findings of this project, suggested future steps, and The Overview is meant to familiarize the reader with the larger recommendations for Inarajan 1. Placemaking for Commu- systems in which Inarajan Village is located. These systems form to make it there. It expands on nity Identity and the environment in which decisions must be made. The influences the social network analysis of of the environment are often viewed relative to time, geography, Inarajan and examples how the 2. Social Network Analysis or perception. same analysis can be applied (SNA) based on the Inara- to multiple villages to build jan Historic Architectural Four sections make up the Overview. The first section “Guam cohesion across the island. District Revitalization Plan. 2 Executive Summary Contents Executive Summary 2 Appendix A (Survey): 40 Part I (Overview): 4 Appendix B (Works Cited): 57 Guam Overview 5 Tourism on Guam 8 Inarajan Village 13 Inarajan Historic Architectural District Revitalization Plan 15 Part II (Assessment): 20 Community Identity and Placemaking 21 Social Network Analysis 25 Part III (Conclusion and Recommendations): 35 Conclusion and Recommendations 36 Part I: Overview Guam Guam Overview Figure 1. Guam Overview rain season occurs from July These data show that the popu- through October. Guam’s dry lation grew by 16.3 percent Guam is an unincorporated territory of the United States. Its loca- season runs from December between 1990 and 2000, but tion in the Mariana Archipelago in the western Pacific Ocean punc- through April. only by 2.9 percent between tuated the frequently versed phrase of Guam: “Where America’s 2000 and 2010. The slow Day Begins.” This section provides an overview of general features growth for the latter decade of the island including geographic, demographic, and economic Population can be attributed to slow characteristics. The last decennial census indi- economic growth and a high cates that Guam’s population level of migration from Guam Climate was 159,358 people in 2010, to Hawaii or the continental while previous censuses indi- United States. The island boasts a tropical climate with an average annual cate that the population was temperature of 81 degrees Fahrenheit and a range between 75 154,805 people in 2000 and Guam had a population of and 86 degrees Fahrenheit. The hottest months are May and June. 133,152 people in 1990. 18,000 when it became an Guam receives approximately 90 inches of rain annually, but the Guam Overview 5 Economy military housing refers only to the income of the dependents in the household and not Employment to income gained through military service Yigo Dededo (Naholowaa and Hiles 2010). Guam’s unemployment rate is high. The Tamuning GUAM most recent rate of 11.8 percent for March Household size Hagåtña Barrigada Mongmong- Agana Toto-Maite Heights Sinajana 2012 is slightly lower than March 2011’s Asan C ha Piti lan Mangilao Pa go -O rd 13.3 percent. Still, both are higher than The average household size increased from ot Santa Rita Yona 2009’s 9.3 percent rate. The total number 3.5 persons per household to 3.8 persons Percent Change 10.0 to 16.8 0.0 to 9.9 of unemployed decreased from 9,970 in per household in 2010 (Naholowaa and -15.0 to - 0.1 Agat -25.5 to - 15.1 Percent Change for Guam: 2.9% March 2011 to 8,060 in March 2012 Hiles 2010). The increase in household size Talofofo GUAM State/ County Equivalent Agat Municipality/ Election District because many had stopped looking for is consistent with interviews conducted in (County Subdivision Equivalent) Umatac Inarajan work (Santos and Hiles 2012).52,410 the summer of 2013. However, interviews Merizo people in March 2012 were not in the also suggested that increases in household ± labor force compared to 44,770 people size were not distributed equally throughout 0 3mi Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000 for Guam and the 2010 Census for Guam in March 2011. Only 10,550 people in the population. Households that occupied FFigureor more information vi sit2. www.c ensus.gov. 2010 Census Results: Percent Change in U.S . DE PAR T ME NT OF COMME R CE E conomics and S tatistics Adm inis tration U.S . Cens us B ureau Population by Municipality: 2000 to 2010 March 2012 indicated that they were seek- family members could become crowded Source: (U.S. Census Bureau 2010) ing work (Santos and Hiles 2012). to the point where members occasionally opted to sleep in the backyard than inside Income per capita/household the house (Guam 2012). unincorporated territory in 1898. A mixture of in-migration and a high birth rate helped Guam’s mean household income dropped Tourism bring Guam’s population to its current from $47,062 in 2005 to $45,786 in 159,358. 2008, but increased to $49,263 in 2010. Visitors on Guam spent $772,297,000 Per capita income decreased from $13,089 in FY2006. That expenditure comes out in 2008 to $12,864 in 2010. More people to $1.35 billion after using a 1.75 multi- were making less in 2010 than they were plier. Tourism accounts for up to 60% of the in 2008 (Naholowaa and Hiles 2010). government of Guam’s annual revenues. In Income for military families living outside addition, 35 percent of Guam’s employ- 6 Guam Overview ment stems from tourism either directly or and University of Guam-Pacific Center for section, Tourism on Guam. indirectly (Guam Visitor’s Bureau 2007). Economic Initiatives 2011, 58). Guam’s dependence on tourism makes it Conclusion vulnerable to shocks in foreign economies The transfer of military personnel has been (Guam Economic Development Authority; continually postponed due to fiscal limita- Guam’s location makes the island highly Bureau of Statistics and Plans; and Univer- tions in Japan and the United States. More susceptible to the economic ups and downs sity of Guam-Pacific Center for Economic recently, North Korean threats have re-im- of the neighboring countries in Asia. The Initiatives 2011, 54). posed the need for United States and its location also makes the island a geograph- alliances to show arms as deterrence to ically strategic base for United States mili- Military greater escalation towards war. tary. In addition, the island’s status as an unincorporated territory in the Marianas The military plays a significant role in Economic Development Strategy Archipelago contributes to how the United Guam’s economy through construction and States government treats it. engineering services. In addition, non-mil- Guam’s 2011 Comprehensive Economic itary employment opportunities also exist Development Strategy outlined and ranked Although Guam’s population has grown on the military installations on Guam in the the projects below to achieve the follow- significantly since it became a part of the field of maintenance and operation (Guam ing broad economic objectives (Bureau of United States, the indigenous population of Economic Development Authority; Bureau Statistics and Plans 2011, 5): Chamorro has since lost its ranking as the of Statistics and Plans; and University of majority and villages outside the main tour- Guam-Pacific Center for Economic Initia- • Development a broad economic base ist hub of Guam have faced large out-mi- tives 2011, 58). • Achieve full employment gration as villagers seek work. Household • Establish greater employment sizes have grown as more people chose to The United States entered an agreement opportunities live together to make up for declining work with Japan in 2006 to realign American • Create higher wage and salary levels, opportunities and less individual income. military presence throughout Asia. The • Improve the island’s standard of living agreement proposes to relocate 8,000 military personnel from Okinawa, Japan Further discussion of Guam’s 2011 to Guam (Guam Economic Development Comprehensive Economic Development Authority; Bureau of Statistics and Plans; Strategy will be discussed in the following Guam Overview 7 (Asia: 643, Europe: 1,029, tors (Guam Visitors Bureau, and United States: 856) 2010, 2011, and 2012). • Awareness of Guam is significantly higher in the United States Demographics of Tourists • More than 50 percent of respondents agree that Unless otherwise stated, the Guam has beautiful scen- data here focuses on tourists Tourism on Guam ery, good beaches, and from Japan since they compose desirable diving nearly three-quarters of all visi- • Between 25 and 42 percent tors to Guam. of respondents do not know Guam to be eco-friendly, good for hiking/trekking, • 1,496 respondents or to be rich in culture/ • Average age of respon- heritage dents is 31.6 years of age Overview • 61 percent of all visitors are Country of origin single A familiarity with the tourism strategy that guides the entire island for tourists • 39 percent of all visitors are is vital to understanding how the smaller parts become one with Japan outpaces all other coun- married the whole.