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http://europeandcis.undp.org/ourwork/roma/ S T N E M E L T T E S A M O R D E Z I L A N I G R A M N I S D L O H E S U O H F O D R A D N A T S G N I V I L E H T F O S T C E P S A D E T C E L E S F O UNDP, Europe and the CIS S Bratislava Regional Centre I S Grosslingova 35 Y L 811 09 Bratislava A N A A SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS OF SELECTED ASPECTS Slovak Republic L A N Tel.: (421-2)59337-111 O I T OF THE LIVING STANDARD OF HOUSEHOLDS Fax.: (421-2)59337-450 A U http://europeandcis.undp.org T I S A IN MARGINALIZED ROMA SETTLEMENTS A SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS OF SELECTED ASPECTS OF THE LIVING STANDARD OF HOUSEHOLDS IN MARGINALIZED ROMA SETTLEMENTS A SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS OF SELECTED ASPECTS OF THE LIVING STANDARD OF HOUSEHOLDS IN MARGINALIZED ROMA SETTLEMENTS Published by UNDP Europe and the CIS, Bratislava Regional Centre In cooperation with the Institute for Public Affairs United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) expresses its gratitude to the Ministry of Labor, Social Affairs and Family of the Slovak Republic for financial support and collaboration in implementation of this project © UNDP 2013 ISBN: 978-80-89263-17-2 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in all forms by any means, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise prior permission. Technical editing, graphic arrangement and production: Valeur, s. r. o., Slovak Republic The opinions and recommendations formulated in this publication do not always have to correspond unconditionally with the official position of the United Nations Development Program. Author of the report is: Jarmila Filadelfiová Field research was conducted by a team of researchers of IVO: Jarmila Filadelfiová, Oľga Gyárfášová, Miroslava Hlinčíková, Martina Sekulová In the preparation of the methodology, field work and elaboration of the report cooperated Daniel Škobla The following provided expert reflections and remarks on the text: Jan Grill, Sylvia Porubänová, Marek Szilvási, Richard Filčák The broader research plan was discussed among the UNDP team, consisting of: Andrey Ivanov, Jaroslav Kling, Ben Slay, Daniel Škobla Thank you to the following people for their help with data collection: Alena Adamková, Štefan Babindák, Adrian Berky, Magda Berkyová, Barbora Bučková, Ján Čekeľ, Ľubica Čillagová, Mária Demeová, Peter Dobrík, Eva Doktorová, Ladislav Duda, Igor Dužda, Valéria Džmurová, Slavomír Gajdoš, Peter Gonda, Peter Gomolák, Iva Grejtáková, Irma Horváthová, Monika Horváthová, Karol Horváth, Ivan Horváth, Zuzana Kollárová, Janette Knapeková, Ingrid Kosová, Erika Kušická, Tomáš Palenčár, Natália Príhodová, Dana Pustulková, Vladimír Sendrei, Monika Sendreiová, Juraj Štofej, Marián Trišč 3 A SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS OF SELECTED ASPECTS OF THE LIVING STANDARD OF HOUSEHOLDS IN MARGINALIZED ROMA SETTLEMENTS CONTENTS SUMMARY . .6 1. INTRODUCTION . .13 1.1. The wider framework of the survey and of the submitted study . .13 1.2. Focus of the study and methodology used . .14 1.3. Structure of the surveyed households from marginalised Roma settlements by basic classifying attributes . .16 2. MEDICAL CARE: NEED, ACCESSIBILITY AND APPROACH . .21 2.1. Which member of a family saw a doctor and with what kind of problem . .21 2.2. Spatial distance from medical services and strategies for overcoming it . .26 2.3. Financial accessibility of a medical examination: total costs and the choice of medicines . .32 2.4. Social accessibility of medical care: tending to other children and the approach of healthcare personnel . .39 Appendix to chapter 2: Last time seeing a doctor . .49 3. HOUSING AND POSSIBILITIES OF MODIFYING A DWELLING . .60 3.1. Type of dwelling, its status and evaluation of living conditions . .62 3.2. Quality of dwellings by size and technical equipment . .66 3.3. Modifications to a dwelling: types of repairs and costs expended . .70 Appendix to chapter 3: Last repair . .86 4. MEALS: MEAL PLANS AND FOODS FROM DIFFERENT POINTS OF VIEW . .94 4.1. Eating before social benefits and after them . .95 4.2. Disparity between favourite foods and most common foods . .107 Appendix 1 to chapter 4 . .116 Appendix 2 to chapter 4 . .134 Appendix 3 to chapter 4 . .142 5. INDEBTEDNESS OF ROMA HOUSEHOLDS FROM EXCLUDED SETTLEMENTS . .158 6. NEEDS AND DESIRES IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE FAMILY AND SETTLEMENTS . .165 6.1. Desires for own family . .165 6.2. Desires focused on local habitation . .172 Appendix 1 to chapter 6: Desires for the family . .180 4 Appendix 2 to chapter 6: Requested improvements in communities . .182 7. BASIC FINDINGS . .189 APPENDIX: ACCESSIBILITY OF BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE AND SERVICES FOR RESIDENTS OF MARGINALIZED ROMA COMMUNITIES . .196 Structure of the sample of surveyed settlements by territory and type of spatial exclusion . .196 Distance of surveyed settlements from the home municipalities and centres . .197 Surveyed Roma settlements by furnishing with basic infrastructure . .199 Surveyed Roma settlements by spatial accessibility of basic services . .204 Surveyed Roma settlements by possibilities of transport . .210 Community work in a settlement . .212 Summary . .213 MRC SETTLEMENTS – LIST (name of village or town – district) . .216 LITERATURE . .219 5 A SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS OF SELECTED ASPECTS OF THE LIVING STANDARD OF HOUSEHOLDS IN MARGINALIZED ROMA SETTLEMENTS SUMMARY The goal of this research activity was to determine household segmented into five areas: it tracked the how much effort excluded Roma households must type of household by work activities and family expend for resolving common situations and what structure; dwelling by type, living conditions and kinds of obstacles and barriers they run up against – official status; the size of the dwelling and its including financial barriers. The research was very ownership status; the furnishing of a household with closely linked to the quantitative research of the UNDP basic infrastructure; and finally the structure of the on the living conditions of Roma households which household by individual statuses of each family was the first empirical input to the surveyed member. The size of the sample was set arbitrarily at environment of Roma communities carried out in the 200 selected units. scope of the resolved project. In the methodological sense the goal of this research activity was to develop MEDICAL CARE: the findings of questionnaire survey in greater detail NEED, ACCESSIBILITY AND APPROACH and to capture more specifically the form of reality in the life of this group of citizens of Slovakia, especially In Roma communities medical care for children is its excluded part. The task was to provide a more given priority over adults. Adult members of specific image of what it means to live on social a household see a doctor usually only with more benefits and what form such a life take can in real life. serious illnesses, and they do not consult a physician At the same time the view was narrowed to the most with common illnesses such as colds or stomach basic needs; if measures which could help overcome problems. Aside from colds and respiratory illnesses, exclusion and deprivation.