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230 Florida Entomologist 79(2) June, 1996 ANTHICIDAE (COLEOPTERA

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230 Florida Entomologist 79(2) June, 1996 ANTHICIDAE (COLEOPTERA) OF THE VIRGIN ISLANDS DARREN A. POLLOCK1 AND MICHAEL A. IVIE Department of Entomology Montana State University Bozeman, MT 59717 1Current address: Section of Invertebrate Zoology, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, 4400 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213. ABSTRACT Eight species in two subfamilies of Anthicidae are known from the Virgin Islands: Neoeurygenius portoricensis Abdullah (Eurygeniinae); Anthicus antilleorum Werner, A. crinitus LaFerté-Sénectère, A. floralis (Linneaus), A. tobias Marseul, Vacusus vici- nus (LaFerté-Sénectère), Sapintus teapensis (Champion), and Acanthinus trifasciatus (Fabricius) (Anthicinae).In addition to a key to these species, each is diagnosed and il- lustrated, and the Virgin Islands distribution given. The biogeographical composition of the fauna is discussed. A key to the subfamilies and tribes of West Indian anthicids is provided. RESUMEN Existen ocho especies en tres subfamilias de Anthicidae en las Islas Vírgenes: Neoeurygenius portoricencis Abdullah (Eurygeniinae); Anthicus antilleorum Werner, A. crinitus LaFerté-Sénectère A. floralis (Linnaeus), A. tobias Marseul, Vacusus vici- nus (LaFerté-Sénectère), Sapintus teapensis (Champion), y Acanthinus trifasciatus (Fabricius) (Anthicinae). Además de las claves para la identificación de estas especies, cada una es diagnósticada e ilustrada. Se incluye la distribución de las especies en las Islas Vírgenes. Se discute la composición biogeográfica de la fauna. Se ofrece una clave para las subfamilias y tribus de los Anthicidae de las Antillas. The Virgin Islands are located at the eastern extreme of the Greater Antilles. The northern islands lie on the submerged Puerto Rican Bank, while St. Croix and its sat- ellite islands are separated by a deep trench from the northern islands (Heatwole & MacKenzie 1966). These islands are an important mixing zone for the Greater and Lesser Antillean faunas (Koopman 1975, Smith et al. 1991), as well as the anthropo- philous fauna resulting from three centuries as a center of trade. This paper is one in a series documenting the beetle fauna of the Virgin Islands (Ivie 1983, Ivie & Miller 1984). The most recent classification for the Anthicidae is summarized by Lawrence & Newton (1995), with Anthicidae divided into 10 subfamilies, three of which (Anthici- nae, Macratriinae, and Eurygeniinae) occur in the West Indies. No world-wide diag- nosis for the family in this sense has been published, but the diagnosis of Lawrence & Britton (1994) will work for the West Indies. This work brings the number of Virgin Islands species to eight, of which two are West Indian endemics, and three are definitely introduced anthropophilous species. The other three species have mainland American-Antillean distributions. The Virgin Pollock and Ivie: Virgin Islands Anthicidae 231 Islands, with less than 1/4 of 1% of the Greater Antillean land area, harbor more than 25% of the recorded West Indian anthicid fauna. Collecting bias is one, but perhaps not the only, factor in the apparent richness of the fauna. Werner (1983b) treated the anthicine fauna (as Anthicidae in the old sense) of the larger islands of the Greater Antilles, but neglected the local island distributions within the Virgin Islands. All but two of the Virgin Islands Anthicidae, Neoeurygenius portoricensis Abdullah and Acan- thinus trifasciatus (Fabricius), were included in that paper. Although there is a rich descriptive literature, the biology of the Anthicidae is poorly known (Young 1991a, 1991b, Lawrence & Britton 1994). Relatively few larvae have been described, and most are Anthicinae that seem to be fungivores and/or found in stored products (Kitayama 1982). Material examined is deposited in the following collections: Floyd G. Werner, Tus- con (FGWC, now in the University of Arizona collection), Virgin Island Beetle Fauna Project, Bozeman (MAIC), Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge (MCZC), Na- tional Museum of Natural History, Washington (NMNH), The Ohio State University, Columbus (OSUC), Richard S. Miller, Bozeman (RSMC), University of California, Davis (UCDC), Virgin Islands Bureau of Fish and Wildlife, St. Croix (VIFW). In the species treatments below, no attempt was made to provide all references.In addition to the original citation and the last comprehensive treatment, only those ref- erences, synonymies, etc. that include figures or West Indian distributional data have been listed. For detailed distribution records outside the West Indies, see the litera- ture cited. Under Material Examined, only Virgin Islands specimens are listed. Because Werner (1983b) did not treat the Eurygeniinae and Macratriinae as mem- bers of the Anthicidae, and because the key to subfamilies by Abdullah (1969) will misplace some genera, we include a key to the West Indian subfamilies and tribes. KEY TO THE SUBFAMILIES AND TRIBES OF WEST INDIAN ANTHICIDAE 1. Antenna filiform, without trace of club; neck more than 1/2 as wide as head across eyes (Fig. 1); maxillary palpi subserrate, first and third segments sub- equal, second greater than 1/2 as large as third; Puerto Rico & St. Thomas . Eurygeniinae (Neoeurygenius portoricensis Abdullah) 1’. Antenna with last three segments elongate and subserrate; neck less than 1/2 width of head; maxillary palpi serrate, first and second segments smaller than, but as wide as third; Cuba & St. Vincent . Macratriinae (Macratria) 1”. Antenna with slight but distinct, symmetrical, clavate club; neck of variable width, but if wide, pronotum extending above head as a forward projecting horn; maxillary palpi vaguely subserrate, first and second segments less than half size of large triangular third; widespread in West Indies. Anthicinae 2 2. Pronotum with anteriorly projecting horn; prosternum very short before coxae . Notoxini 2’. Pronotum and prosternum simple (Figs. 2-8) . Anthicini Neoeurygenius portoricensis Abdullah Fig. 1 Neoeurygenius portoricensis Abdullah 1963: 183, Figs. 1-14; Abdullah 1964: 199. Type locality: Ensenada, Puerto Rico. Neoeurygenius portoricensis is the only eurygeniine recorded from the West Indies and is apparently closely related to N. grahami Abdullah (1964) from Arizona. 232 Florida Entomologist 79(2) June, 1996 Little is known about the biology of this subfamily, with the only described larva being a soil-living predator (Young 1991b). The Virgin Islands specimens were taken at lights on a beach cabana. The area has sandy soil for a considerable distance in- land, backed by a flood plain from a fresh water gut (dry stream course). Diagnosis. In addition to the characters in the key above, N. portoricensis can be distinguished from other West Indian anthicids by its large size (5.5-6.0 mm), reticu- lately punctate pronotum, coarse elytral punctation, and mottled elytral pubescence. Distribution. Puerto Rico (Ensenada, Guayanilla), St. Thomas. Material Examined. St. Thomas: 3—Est. Enighed, Magen’s Bay Arboretum, light, 01 JAN 1993, V[irgin] I[sland] B[eetle] F[auna] P[roject] colrs., (MAIC). KEY TO THE SPECIES OF ANTHICINI OF THE VIRGIN ISLANDS 1. First visible abdominal sternite grooved behind coxa, groove lined with silky pubescence; elytra unicolorous (Fig. 7), with moderately dense recumbent un- dercoat of diagonal setae, overlain with obvious longitudinally decumbent se- tae . Sapintus teapensis (Champion) 1’. First ventrite simple behind coxa; elytra bicolored, setae of a single type or un- dercoat arranged longitudinally and overcoat of scattered and inconspicuous erect setae . 2 2. Pronotum dull, alutaceous; pronotum with lateral erect setae on raised points; last two antennomeres lighter than remainder; pre-median fascia of elytron (when present) distant from basal margin (Fig. 8) . Acanthinus trifasciatus (Fabricius) 2’. Pronotum shining, setae inserted in punctures; antennomeres unicolorous; premedian fascia of elytron (when present) on basal margin . 3 3. Pronotum not constricted anterior to thin basal transverse sulcus, widening in a straight line in basal 2/3, broadly rounded to neck in anterior 1/3; elytron with basal (may be light or obsolete), postmedian, and apical fasciae (Fig. 6) . .Vacusus vicinus (LaFerté Sénetère) 3’. Pronotum constricted anterior to thin basal transverse sulcus, slightly to obvi- ously concave in basal 2/3, then abruptly rounded to neck; elytra with apical 2/3- 3/4 dark or with isolated apical light spots . 4 4. Pronotum and elytra with fine, closely appressed setae . 5 4’. Pronotum and elytra with coarse, semi-erect setae . 6 5. Profemora clavate; pronotum broad, slightly constricted before base (Fig. 5); elytra light in basal 1/4, uniformly dark behind . Anthicus floralis (Linnaeus) 5’. Profemora linear; pronotum narrow, strongly constricted (Fig. 4); each elytron with isolated pale spot in dark apical 3/4 . Anthicus tobias Marseul 6. Elytral setae longer than width of metafemora; elytron light in basal 1/3 (Fig. 3), with variable to obsolete light spot on suture at apical 1/3 . Anthicus crinitus LaFerté-Sénectère 6’. Elytral setae shorter than width of metafemora; elytron light in basal 1/4, with isolated light spot in apical 1/4 . Anthicus antilleorum Werner Anthicus antilleorum Werner Fig. 2 Anthicus antilleorum Werner 1983b: 218, figs. 9, 19. Type locality: Barangua, Cuba. Werner (1983b) noted color variation among specimens of A. antilleorum, individ- uals from Jamaica being darker in color than those from Cuba and Hispaniola. These dark specimens do not always exhibit the pale elytral spot, which is used in Werner’s
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    Ajay Kumar Tiwari Editor Advances in Seed Production and Management Advances in Seed Production and Management Ajay Kumar Tiwari Editor Advances in Seed Production and Management Editor Ajay Kumar Tiwari UP Council of Sugarcane Research Shahjahanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India ISBN 978-981-15-4197-1 ISBN 978-981-15-4198-8 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4198-8 # Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.