BLACK AND WHITE

TRANSVAAL SPECIAL : No.

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CAPTAIN RALPH NESBITT, V.C.,

the first officer wounded in the present war, received the Victoria Cross for his bravery in rescuing- the Mazoe refugees in the early part of 1896. He was educated at St. Paul's School, joined the Cape Mounted Rifles in 1883, and became an officer of the British South Africa Company's Police, serving with the Pioneer Expedition. He joined the Mashonaland Mounted Rifles in 1893, as sub-inspector, and in 1895 became inspector. His conduct in the punitive operations against the Rhodesian rebels won him great credit and the greatly desired V.C. And, now, in attempting to run the Boer gauntlet with an armoured train, he has been severely wounded. Good luck and a speedy recovery to this gallant

young officer ! BLACK AND WHITE

NOTA BENE.

BLACK & WHITE has always made a feature of its

War Correspondence. On the present occasion it will not be

behind its reputation for dealing promptly, fully, and accurately

with the events of what promises to be the most important

war of the century as far as the British Empire is concerned.

Four Special War Correspondents are representing BLACKangloboerwar.com& WHITE in South Africa— Mr. Rene Bull, who has acted for us in the Turco-Greek War, the Tirah Campaign,

and the last two Soudan Campaigns, being again our chief

representative.

Photographs of actual fighting will be the main feature

provided.

BLACK & WHITE, every Friday,

Price SIXPENCE.

The panoraim of Cape Town is Our Portrait ol Mr. Chamberlain on t' e cover is rem a photo by Messrs. Gunn and Stuart, Richmond. \f is by i run. iiy ,.; two by Messrs. Elliott and ry ; and one by Messrs. G. W. Wilson and Co., Ai.erdeen ; seven viewfs are Messrs. Gregory and C Southsea. TRA NS VA A L SPECIA L

THE BRITISH FLAG IN SOUTH AFRICA.

Ouk story this week commences with the Ultimatum, that monumental piece of insolence in which for the first time Uncle Paul showed his hand to everybody. Ever since 1878 he had worked for the complete independence of the Transvaal. Even at the time of the .Annexation, when the Boers practically called in British protection to save them from the blacks, Mr. Kruger hated the British, and intrigued against their supremacy. Taking advantage of our too humane concessions, he secured for himself the

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COLONEL BADEN'-POWELL, COMMANDING AT MAFEKING

Presidency and a magnificent income, together with considerable hopes of a German alliance and of a recognised position at all the Courts of Europe. But Mr. Chamberlain began to get too clever for him, began to make him stick to Ins word and give up the shuffling diplomacy which had hitherto baffled Radical statesmen. And Uncle Paul, finding himself in a corner, and fearing that British demands supported by a British army would go a {bar}g!) longer way than suited his convenience, threw off his polite manners and flung his glove in the face of his Suzerain.

On Wednesday, October nth, at tea-time fas the Times humorously put it), war broke out between Great Britain and the Transvaal. For two days there were rumours of marching armies, of laagers, and of " driving the English into the sea." British gold in the Transvaal was seized, trade definitely came to an end, refugees from Johannesburg and Pretoria trooped over the border with empty pockets and marks of Boer brutality on their bodies. The passes leading into Natal from the Orange Free State and the Transvaal were occupied by Boer commandos, Mr. Schreiner shuffled about and looked unhappy, trains were seized and attacked in Natal and on the way from Kimberley to Mafeking, and the 4 BLACK AXD WHITE

excitement all throughout South Africa was intense. Thursday, October 12th, was the date of the capture of Captain Nesbitt and his armoured train. Two days afterwards we had our revenge. An armoured train proceeding from Kimberley came upon some Boers and killed a few, then retired and returned to kill a few more. Meanwhile at Mafeking itself Colonel Baden-Powell gave Cronje a lesson that he will not forget in a hurry. He had posted Colonel Hore with four hundred men in a strong position among some hills. Then he pretended to give battle, retreated, and drew the Boers right across Colonel Hore's line of fire. Needless to say, the latter made splendid use of his opportunity, and mowed down the too confident foe to the tune of 300 men. At Dundee, Glencoe, and Ladysmith, in the North of Natal, the Boers were awaited by the forces under Sir George White. They advanced in three columns through three passes, and evidently meant to cut off the communications between Dundee and Lady- smith. Sir George endeavoured to draw one of these columns (the Free State Boers) into an engagement, but failed. Skirmishing then took place at Besters and Acton Homes, a British train with officers and a few men were captured, then our outposts were attacked, and eventually a general engagement took place, which resulted in a great victory for our arms. On Friday morning, October 20th, the Boers commenced shelling Glencoe camp with big guns. They numbered about 9,000 men, and evidently expected to sweep us out in no time. But our guns soon replied, and in twenty minutes every Boer gun was silenced. Then, under cover of a hot fire, the Dublin Fusiliers and the King's Royal Rifles went for the foe, carried the position, and captured five guns.

Well done, Fusiliers ! Perhaps there won't be much need of the Army Corps after all.

It was undoubtedly a time of great excitement ; but, then, South Africa is the place for excitement. The following article shows how the Transvaal has from the very beginning been in a perpetual hum. Let us hope that after our final victory things will settle down a bit. angloboerwar.comFROM THE "GREAT TREK" At the seat of war we move forward, solemnly, slowly, irresistibly, in harmony with

our high traditions ; and during these moments of suspense a glimpse at the history of that region known as the Transvaal may not lack readers. Indeed, a brief chronicle of those events lying between the exodus of 1833 to 1837, and the present time, is worthy of perusal. Until the first date mentioned, history has no concerns with the Transvaal, but from 1833 began that tremendous influx of the Boers— an exodus known as the " Great Trek." From the first it was the Boer spirit in practice that accounted for their northward

movement ; from the first their ignorance and cruelty prompted to differences with the more

enlightened government of the Ruling Power in Africa ; for upon a question of the liberal Transvaal they treatment of native races they finally broke away ; and with them to the carried their inconquerable qualities—the worst that have ever made any community sprung from Furopean stock an object of distress to civilisation. By 1836 many thousand Boers " had already crossed the Vaal, or reached "Transvaal country ; and during 1637, to avenge the massacre of various emigrant bands, the new settlers attacked Moselekatze, a sovereign Zulu chieftain who held high sway in the Transvaal until their advent, and defeated his force; at Mosega. The Zulu prince fell back beyond the Limpopo and founded the state of the and present Matabele ; while his defeat and departure left all that region between the Vaal the Limpopo in the hands of the Trekking party. In 1838 the emigrant Boers sustained a complete reverse at the hands of the Zulus, but turned the tide and crushed the fiery Dingaan and his black legions in two successive encounters. Upon the death of this great Zulu, Dingaan, the Boers proclaimed Natal a part of their new Republic, but the occupation of that territory by the British in 1843 rendered their contention vain, and they withdrew across the Drakensberg in two large com-

panies. Of these, one division founded the Orange Free State ; the other passed again into the Transvaal, and stopped there. Thanks, however, to eternal bickerings between the leading Boers, Pretorius and Potgieter, no regular system of rule could be determined upon until 1852, when Pretorius induced the British Government to sign the Sand River Convention. A period of internal peace followed, but the seed of death was already sown deep in the Boer character, which has invariably shown itself as ooposed to progress as a ragged cliff-face to the advances of the sea. It is, however, the blind cliff that suffers. By their continued and brutal refusal to treat TRA NS VA A L SPECIA L

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General Buller going on board " Dunottar Castle," October 14th, on his way to ta'te command at the Front 6 B LACK AND WHITE the natives with common justice, the Boers were unconsciously forging their own chains. In 1S54 Potgieter fits was murdered; while the "Apprentice Law" soon followed his death, and practically established slavery; and, during 1858, the " Grond " " " " Wet or Fundamental Law appeared — an enactment declaring that the people wi 1 admit of no equality of persons of colour with the white inhabitants, either in st.ite or church." This benighted policy was not confined to the " persons of colour." A fanatic hatred, doubtless bred from uneasy suspicion of their own ignorance and barbarism, induced the Boers to view all oth;r men with dist.'ust and dislike. For their superiors, as well as their inferiors, they had ample store of hatred and suspicion. The English trades, the missionaries, every messenger from a worthier and nobler civilisation, suffered like ignominy and insult ; and the spirit of the Republic may be seen clearly exhibited in the actions of that commando which, sent out to work reprisals on the unfortunate savages, amused itself by sacking Doctor Livingstone's house and despoiling his goods in 1852.

During 1857 the States fell out between themselves, and Pretorius ills invaded the Orange Free State; the dispute was settled without blood, but Pretorius failed of his desire to unite the States under one leadership. Ten years later, however, he began extending the borders of his own Republic in divers directions—to Lake Ngami on the west, and Delagoa Bay upon the east; which enterprises naturally raised some difficulties with England on the one hand, Portugal on the other. In 1875 the possession of Delagoa Bay was made good and Portugal's claim affirmed, while the boundary questions in which England had been interested were terminated by the award of Lieut-Governor Keate of Natal, whose decision led to the resignation of President Pretorius. In 1875 the monstrous Fundamental Law begot renewed fighting with the natives, and while President Burgers was in Europe, confusion became worse confounded. Upon his return he found chaos reigning. Faced with repeated reverses, an empty treasury, a ruined credit, and a practically bankrupt state, there was nothing for it but to call upon England for aid; and in 1877, at the Boer's desire, we intervened. Sir annexed the Transvaal by proclamation at that date, and subsequently appointed Sir Owen Lanyon asangloboerwar.comthe British administrator. Progress, however, has always been the Boer bugbear. After a few years of British policy, forgetting to whom thanks were due for their improved credit and increasing prosperity, the country revolted, with results familiar enough to all who are posted in the history of yesterday. During the spring of 188 1 various sharp contests with British forces occurred, and, as the Boers were for the most part successful in these preliminary brushes, a craven Government at home made instant peace, and restored the Republic under the " suzerainty " of her Majesty. In 1883 President took up the reins and began conducting his faithful Burghers downhill to their doom. The Convention of London, 1884, recognised his State as the , and modified the British "suzerainty," a term whose significance nobody understood better than President Kruger—sixteen years ago, though he has forgotten since. During 1885 was made the important proclamation of the British Protectorate over Bechuanaland—a step taken, first, to arrest the westward advance of the Boers into half a dozen neighbouring territories, and secondly to preserve our great trade route from Cape Colony through Hopetown to the Zambesi. A year later fresh discoveries of rich auriferous deposits were made in the Transvaal, and a great influx of Englishmen followed. From that time forward there is no need to recapitulate the history of events. The old policy—a poison that is part of their life's blood—has been pursued throughout the story by those in authority. Their avarice at in their those discovered it, who worked it, wakened the sight of the gold midst ; who who built the later prosperity of the entire State, have been treated like the black

population before them ; the terms by which the Boers hold their country are ignored, and believing in their infatuated madness that the long-cherished dream of a Boer South Africa can now be turned to fact by the might of their own puny arm, this unfortunate, ignorant, misled people stand before a world that gazes more in sorrow than in anger at the tale of their gigantic folly. The Rise of the Boer Republic is written, and the book of it is closed. Like the viper of fable, these men have stung their greatest benefactor ; like the viper, they must pay the penalty. England is used to see that her might is founded upon right before she employs it; and never within her history has she drawn sword to juster purpose than to-day. L

TRA NS VAAL SPE CIA

Waggon and Team, Army Service Corps

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Pack Mules, Army Service Corps

Officers of the Army Service Corps BLACK AND WHITE

IVain arriving at Bombay Docks, with soldiers and stores for Natal angloboerwar.com

Munitions of war at Bombay ready for shipping to Natal TxANSVAAL SPECIAL

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Entrance to Railway Station, Cape Town, where our f™ops are entraining- for the Front angloboerwar.com

Bird's-eye view of the Cape Town Docks, where our troops are disembarking TRANS VAAL SPECIA L IS

Trading- Station at Pokhwani, Bechuanaland, next to the Transvaal Border angloboerwar.com

Vereeniging, first station in the Transvaal from Cape Town i6—BLACK AM) WHITE

Panorama of Mafeki

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The Fort at Mafeking from the Veld TRANSVAAL SPE ClA L 21

Standard Bank, Mafeking angloboerwar.com

Freemasons' Lodge, Mafeking 22 BLACK AND WHITE

New Cape Police Barracks, Mafeking angloboerwar.com

The Club, Mafeking TRA NS VA A L SPECIA L 23

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Mafeking Gaol : there will be some Boers here soon BLACK AND WHITE

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Arrival of the ist Battalion Loyal North Lancashire at Kimberley angloboerwar.com

The last company of the Loyal North Lancashire going into camp Maxim taking up the rear 26 BLACK AND WHITE

Kitchen of the Loval North Lancashire

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Quartermaster's Tent, Loyal North Lancashire, Kimberley

Pioneers and Headquarters Supply Waggons, Kimberley TRA NS VA A L SPE CIA L -7

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Troops from England landing at Durban, Natal, on their way to the Front 28 BLACK AND WHITE

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Sharpening- the sword for the Boers. Drawn from life at Aldershot

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