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Qualitative Examination of Historical Trauma and Grief Responses in the Oceti Sakowin Anna E

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Qualitative Examination of Historical Trauma and Grief Responses in the Oceti Sakowin Anna E Walden University ScholarWorks Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Collection 2019 Qualitative Examination of Historical Trauma and Grief Responses in the Oceti Sakowin Anna E. Quinn Walden University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations Part of the Quantitative Psychology Commons This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Collection at ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Walden University College of Social and Behavioral Sciences This is to certify that the doctoral dissertation by Anna E. Quinn has been found to be complete and satisfactory in all respects, and that any and all revisions required by the review committee have been made. Review Committee Dr. Benita Stiles-Smith, Committee Chairperson, Psychology Faculty Dr. Sharon Xuereb, Committee Member, Psychology Faculty Dr. Victoria Latifses, University Reviewer, Psychology Faculty Chief Academic Officer Eric Riedel, Ph.D. Walden University 2019 Abstract Qualitative Examination of Historical Trauma and Grief Responses in the Oceti Sakowin by Anna E. Quinn MS, Walden University, 2011 BA, Dakota Wesleyan University, 2008 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Psychology Walden University February 2019 Abstract Past research regarding historical trauma in the Lakota, one of the three major groups of the Oceti Sakowin or Sioux, has contributed to the historical trauma theory, but gaps continue to exist. The purpose of the study was to examine the historical trauma experiences and grief responses of individuals who identify as Oceti Sakowin, specifically the Nakota and Dakota, including present experiences. Interpretive phenomenological analysis was the study’s methodology and the conceptual framework of this research was historical trauma theory, which refers to the persistence of trauma and transmission of trauma from generation to generation. Participant interviews were conducted using a researcher-designed interview schedule. Participants were Oceti Sakowin who identify as Nakota or Dakota and who were over the age of 18, and a total of 8 participants were interviewed. This research yielded themes about how the phenomena affected the participants, which can provide insight into how others who have had their own experiences relate to the phenomena. These themes were concerns and pain about ancestors’ experience, concern for personal experiences but hope for the future, and the loss of the past is the sorrow of today. Increasing the knowledge of historical trauma and historical trauma grief responses can lead to better understanding that leads to positive social change through greater empathy and sensitivity toward those who have had these experiences, which can increase respect toward the traditions and cultures of others as well as culturally informed interventions to address historical trauma and grief. Qualitative Examination of Historical Trauma and Grief Responses in the Oceti Sakowin by Anna E. Quinn MS, Walden University, 2011 BA, Dakota Wesleyan University, 2008 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Psychology Walden University February 2019 Dedication I wish to dedicate this work to my mother, Jeanne Armbrust. Her love for learning and her desire to broaden the minds and expand the view of the world of her children, both biological and in the classroom, provided an excellent example, foundation, and subsequent love of learning in me. I will be ever grateful for her love, support, words of encouragement, and sometimes hard conversations, which helped me throughout my research. I also dedicate this research to my loving and supportive husband, James Krause, who loved me even when I wasn’t very lovable and encouraged me to follow my dreams. I am blessed by you. Acknowledgments I want to thank my committee members, Dr. Benita Stiles-Smith and Dr. Sharon Xuereb, for their continued support and insight throughout my dissertation process. Additionally, I would like to thank Dr. Anne Kelly from Dakota Wesleyan University for her support beginning in my undergraduate program. To my family, my friends, and my colleagues: Thank you for the support you provided through this entire process and for your encouragement. It takes a village! Table of Contents List of Tables .......................................................................................................................v Chapter 1: Introduction to the Study ....................................................................................1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................1 Background ....................................................................................................................2 Problem Statement .........................................................................................................7 Research Questions ........................................................................................................7 Conceptual Framework ..................................................................................................8 Nature of the Study ........................................................................................................8 Definition of Terms........................................................................................................9 Assumptions .................................................................................................................10 Scope and Delimitations ..............................................................................................11 Limitations ...................................................................................................................12 Significance..................................................................................................................13 Summary ......................................................................................................................13 Chapter 2: Literature Review .............................................................................................15 Introduction ..................................................................................................................15 Literature Search Strategy............................................................................................15 Theoretical Foundation ................................................................................................16 Historical Trauma Theory ..................................................................................... 16 Literature Review: Key Variables and Concepts .........................................................20 Past Research on Historical Trauma in Native People ................................................20 i Cross-Cultural Findings on Historical Trauma ..................................................... 30 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................31 Chapter 3: Research Method ..............................................................................................34 Introduction ..................................................................................................................34 Research Design and Rationale ...................................................................................34 Role of the Researcher .................................................................................................37 Development of Interest ........................................................................................ 37 Interview Skills ..................................................................................................... 38 Management of Bias ............................................................................................. 40 Avoidance of Dual Relationships ......................................................................... 41 Methodology ................................................................................................................42 Participant Selection ............................................................................................. 43 Instrumentation ..................................................................................................... 45 Procedures for Recruitment, Participation, and Data Collection .......................... 47 Data Analysis Plan ................................................................................................ 49 Issues of Trustworthiness .............................................................................................50 Ethical Procedures .......................................................................................................53 Summary ......................................................................................................................55 Chapter 4: Results ..............................................................................................................57 Introduction ..................................................................................................................57
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