DOCSLIB.ORG

Roman Emperors 31-00-476 Julio-Claudian Dynasty 27-00-68

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Roman Emperors 31-00-476 Julio-Claudian Dynasty 27-00-68 5086 Roman Emperors 31-00-476 50 *Marcus Aurelius CARUS 282-283 Julio-Claudian Dynasty 27-00-68 51 *NUMERIAN=Marcus Aurelius 01 Gaius Julius Caesar AUGUSTUS 27-00-14 Numerius Numerianus 283-284 02 TIBERIUS Julius Caesar Augustus 14-37 52 *Marcus Aurelius CARINUS 283-285 03 CALIGULA Diocletian Tetrarchy 284-305 =Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus 37-41 53 *DIOCLETIAN (allE) 04 Tiberius CLAUDIUS-I Nero Germanicus 41-54 =Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus 284-305 05 NERO Claudius Caesar Drusus Germanicus 54-68 54 MAXIMIAN (W)=Marcus Aurelius Valerius Year of the Four Emperors 69 Maximianus Herculius 286-305 06 Servius Sulpicius GALBA Augustus 68-69 Constantinian Dynasty 305-364 07 Marcus Salvius OTHO Caesar Augustus 69 55 *Flavius Valerius CONSTANTIUS-I (W) 305-306 08 Aulus VITELLIUS Germanicus Augustus 69 56 *Gaius GALERIUS Valerius Maximianus (E) 305-311 Flavian Dynasty 69-96 57 *Flavius Valerius SEVERUS (W) 306-307 09 VESPASIAN=Titus Flavius Caesar Vespasianus 69-79 58 *Marcus Aurelius Valerius MAXENTIUS (W) 307-312 10 TITUS Flavius Caesar Vespasianus 79-81 59 *CONSTANTINE-I (GaulWall) 11 DOMITIAN=Titus Flavius Domitianus 81-96 =Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus 306-337 Nervan-Antonine Dynasty 096-192 60 *Valerius Licinianus LICINIUS (WE) 308-324 12 Marcus Cocceius NERVA 96-98 61 *Valerius Galerius MAXIMINUS II DAIA (W) 310-313 13 TRAJAN=Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus 098-117 62 *CONSTANTINE II (Gaul) 14 HADRIAN=Publius Aelius Hadrianus 117-138 =Flavius Claudius Constantinus 337-340 15 Titus Aurelius Fulvus Boionius Arrius 63 *Flavius Julius CONSTANS (ItalyW) 337-350 ANTONINUS PIUS 138-161 64 *Flavius Julius CONSTANTIUS II (Eall) 337-361 16 *LUCIUS Aelius Aurelius VERUS 161-169 65 *JULIAN=Flavius Claudius Julianus (Gaulall) 360-363 17 *MARCUS AURELIUS Antoninus Augustus 161-180 66 JOVIAN=Flavius Jovianus (all) 363-364 18 Lucius Aurelius *COMMODUS Antoninus 177-192 Valentinian-Theodosian Dynasty 364-455 Year of the Five Emperors 193 67 *VALENTINIAN-I (allW) 364-375 19 Publius Helvius PERTINAX 192-193 =Flavius Valentinianus 20 Marcus DIDIUS Severus JULIANUS 193 68 Flavius Julius VALENS (East) 364-378 Severan Dynasty 193-217 69 *GRATIAN=Flavius Gratianus (WallGaul) 367-383 21 Lucius *SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS Decimus 193-211 70 *VALENTINIAN II (ItalyW) 22 Publius Septimius *GETA 209-211 =Flavius Valentinianus 375-392 23 *CARACALLA 71 *Flavius THEODOSIUS-I (Eall) 379-395 =Marcus Aurelius Severus Antoninus 198-217 72 *Flavius ARCADIUS (East) 383-408 Non-dynastic 217-218 73 *MAGNUS MAXIMUS (W) 384-388 24 *Marcus Opellius Severus MACRINUS 217-218 74 *FLAVIUS VICTOR (W) 384-388 25 *DIADUMENIAN 218 75 *Flavius HONORIUS (W) 393-423 =Marcus Opellius Diadumenianus 76 *Flavius Theodosius Junior Severan Dynasty Restored 218-235 =THEODOSIUS II (East) 402-450 26 ELAGABALUS=Varius Avitus Bassianus 218-222 77 *CONSTANTINE III (W) 409-411 27 Marcus Aurelius SEVERUS ALEXANDER 222-235 78 *CONSTANS II (W) 409-411 Military Anarchy 235-284 79 *CONSTANTIUS III (W) 421 28 *Gaius Julius Verus MAXIMINUS-I THRAX 235-238 80 *VALENTINIAN III (W) 29 *GORDIAN-I THE ELDER=Marcus Antonius =Flavius Placidus Valentinianus 425-455 Gordianus Sempronianus Romanus Africanus 238 81 Flavius MARCIAN (East) 450-457 30 *GORDIAN II THE YOUNGER=Marcus Antonius Non-dynastic (W) and Leonid Dynasty (E) 455-476 Gordianus Sempronianus Romanus Africanus 238 82 Flavius Anicius PETRONIUS MAXIMUS (W) 455 31 *Decimus Caelius Calvinus BALBINUS 238 83 Eparchius AVITUS (W) 455-456 32 *Marcus Clodius PUPIENUS Maximus 238 84 Flavius Valerius LEO-I (E) 457-474 33 GORDIAN III PIUS=Marcus Antonius Gordianus 238-244 85 MAJORIAN=Flavius Julius Majorianus (W) 457-461 34 *PHILIP-I THE ARAB=Marcus Julius Philippus 244-249 86 Flavius LIBIUS SEVERUS Serpentius (W) 461-465 35 *PHILIP II=Marcus Julius Philippus Severus 247-249 87 Procopius ANTHEMIUS (W) 467-472 36 *Gaius Messius Quintus DECIUS 249-251 88 Anicius OLYBRIUS (W) 472 37 *Quintus HERENNIUS ETRUSCUS Messius Decius 251 89 GLYCERIUS (W) 473-474 38 *HOSTILIAN=Gaius Valens Hostilianus 90 *Flavius LEO II Junior (E) 474 Messius Quintus Augustus 251 91 *Flavius ZENO (E) [1/2] 474-475 39 *Gaius Vibius TREBONIANUS GALLUS 251-253 92 JULIUS NEPOS (W) 474-475 40 *Gaius Vibius VOLUSIANUS 251-253 93 Flavius BASILISCUS (E) 475-476 41 Marcus Aemilius AEMILIANUS 253 94 ROMULUS AUGUSTUS (W) 475-476 42 *VALERIAN=Publius Licinius Valerianus 253-260 95 Flavius ZENO (E) [2/2] 476-491 43 *Publius Licinius Egnatius GALLIENUS 253-268 44 Publius Licinius Cornelius SALONINUS Valerianus 260 *Joint emperors 45 Marcus Aurelius CLAUDIUS II GOTHICUS 268-270 46 AURELIAN=Lucius Domitius Aurelianus 270-275 47 Marcus Claudius TACITUS 275-276 48 Marcus Annius FLORIANUS 276 49 Marcus Aurelius PROBUS 276-282 antiquityplus.com 310519 .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • RICE, CARL ROSS. Diocletian's “Great
    ABSTRACT RICE, CARL ROSS. Diocletian’s “Great Persecutions”: Minority Religions and the Roman Tetrarchy. (Under the direction of Prof. S. Thomas Parker) In the year 303, the Roman Emperor Diocletian and the other members of the Tetrarchy launched a series of persecutions against Christians that is remembered as the most severe, widespread, and systematic persecution in the Church’s history. Around that time, the Tetrarchy also issued a rescript to the Pronconsul of Africa ordering similar persecutory actions against a religious group known as the Manichaeans. At first glance, the Tetrarchy’s actions appear to be the result of tensions between traditional classical paganism and religious groups that were not part of that system. However, when the status of Jewish populations in the Empire is examined, it becomes apparent that the Tetrarchy only persecuted Christians and Manichaeans. This thesis explores the relationship between the Tetrarchy and each of these three minority groups as it attempts to understand the Tetrarchy’s policies towards minority religions. In doing so, this thesis will discuss the relationship between the Roman state and minority religious groups in the era just before the Empire’s formal conversion to Christianity. It is only around certain moments in the various religions’ relationships with the state that the Tetrarchs order violence. Consequently, I argue that violence towards minority religions was a means by which the Roman state policed boundaries around its conceptions of Roman identity. © Copyright 2016 Carl Ross Rice All Rights Reserved Diocletian’s “Great Persecutions”: Minority Religions and the Roman Tetrarchy by Carl Ross Rice A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of North Carolina State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts History Raleigh, North Carolina 2016 APPROVED BY: ______________________________ _______________________________ S.
    [Show full text]
  • The Developmentof Early Imperial Dress from the Tetrachs to The
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Birmingham Research Archive, E-theses Repository University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. The Development of Early Imperial Dress from the Tetrarchs to the Herakleian Dynasty General Introduction The emperor, as head of state, was the most important and powerful individual in the land; his official portraits and to a lesser extent those of the empress were depicted throughout the realm. His image occurred most frequently on small items issued by government officials such as coins, market weights, seals, imperial standards, medallions displayed beside new consuls, and even on the inkwells of public officials. As a sign of their loyalty, his portrait sometimes appeared on the patches sown on his supporters’ garments, embossed on their shields and armour or even embellishing their jewelry. Among more expensive forms of art, the emperor’s portrait appeared in illuminated manuscripts, mosaics, and wall paintings such as murals and donor portraits. Several types of statues bore his likeness, including those worshiped as part of the imperial cult, examples erected by public 1 officials, and individual or family groupings placed in buildings, gardens and even harbours at the emperor’s personal expense.
    [Show full text]
  • Diocletian's New Empire
    1 Diocletian's New Empire Eutropius, Brevarium, 9.18-27.2 (Eutr. 9.18-27.2) 18. After the death of Probus, CARUS was created emperor, a native of Narbo in Gaul, who immediately made his sons, Carinus and Numerianus, Caesars, and reigned, in conjunction with them, two years. News being brought, while he was engaged in a war with the Sarmatians, of an insurrection among the Persians, he set out for the east, and achieved some noble exploits against that people; he routed them in the field, and took Seleucia and Ctesiphon, their noblest cities, but, while he was encamped on the Tigris, he was killed by lightning. His son NUMERIANUS, too, whom he had taken with him to Persia, a young man of very great ability, while, from being affected with a disease in his eyes, he was carried in a litter, was cut off by a plot of which Aper, his father-in-law, was the promoter; and his death, though attempted craftily to be concealed until Aper could seize the throne, was made known by the odour of his dead body; for the soldiers, who attended him, being struck by the smell, and opening the curtains of his litter, discovered his death some days after it had taken place. 19. 1. In the meantime CARINUS, whom Carus, when he set out to the war with Parthia, had left, with the authority of Caesar, to command in Illyricum, Gaul, and Italy, disgraced himself by all manner of crimes; he put to death many innocent persons on false accusations, formed illicit connexions with the wives of noblemen, and wrought the ruin of several of his school-fellows, who happened to have offended him at school by some slight provocation.
    [Show full text]
  • The Cambridge Companion to Age of Constantine.Pdf
    The Cambridge Companion to THE AGE OF CONSTANTINE S The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Constantine offers students a com- prehensive one-volume introduction to this pivotal emperor and his times. Richly illustrated and designed as a readable survey accessible to all audiences, it also achieves a level of scholarly sophistication and a freshness of interpretation that will be welcomed by the experts. The volume is divided into five sections that examine political history, reli- gion, social and economic history, art, and foreign relations during the reign of Constantine, a ruler who gains in importance because he steered the Roman Empire on a course parallel with his own personal develop- ment. Each chapter examines the intimate interplay between emperor and empire and between a powerful personality and his world. Collec- tively, the chapters show how both were mutually affected in ways that shaped the world of late antiquity and even affect our own world today. Noel Lenski is Associate Professor of Classics at the University of Colorado, Boulder. A specialist in the history of late antiquity, he is the author of numerous articles on military, political, cultural, and social history and the monograph Failure of Empire: Valens and the Roman State in the Fourth Century ad. Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2007 Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2007 The Cambridge Companion to THE AGE OF CONSTANTINE S Edited by Noel Lenski University of Colorado Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2007 cambridge university press Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, Sao˜ Paulo Cambridge University Press 40 West 20th Street, New York, ny 10011-4211, usa www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521818384 c Cambridge University Press 2006 This publication is in copyright.
    [Show full text]
  • Collector's Checklist for Roman Imperial Coinage
    Liberty Coin Service Collector’s Checklist for Roman Imperial Coinage (49 BC - AD 518) The Twelve Caesars - The Julio-Claudians and the Flavians (49 BC - AD 96) Purchase Emperor Denomination Grade Date Price Julius Caesar (49-44 BC) Augustus (31 BC-AD 14) Tiberius (AD 14 - AD 37) Caligula (AD 37 - AD 41) Claudius (AD 41 - AD 54) Tiberius Nero (AD 54 - AD 68) Galba (AD 68 - AD 69) Otho (AD 69) Nero Vitellius (AD 69) Vespasian (AD 69 - AD 79) Otho Titus (AD 79 - AD 81) Domitian (AD 81 - AD 96) The Nerva-Antonine Dynasty (AD 96 - AD 192) Nerva (AD 96-AD 98) Trajan (AD 98-AD 117) Hadrian (AD 117 - AD 138) Antoninus Pius (AD 138 - AD 161) Marcus Aurelius (AD 161 - AD 180) Hadrian Lucius Verus (AD 161 - AD 169) Commodus (AD 177 - AD 192) Marcus Aurelius Years of Transition (AD 193 - AD 195) Pertinax (AD 193) Didius Julianus (AD 193) Pescennius Niger (AD 193) Clodius Albinus (AD 193- AD 195) The Severans (AD 193 - AD 235) Clodius Albinus Septimus Severus (AD 193 - AD 211) Caracalla (AD 198 - AD 217) Purchase Emperor Denomination Grade Date Price Geta (AD 209 - AD 212) Macrinus (AD 217 - AD 218) Diadumedian as Caesar (AD 217 - AD 218) Elagabalus (AD 218 - AD 222) Severus Alexander (AD 222 - AD 235) Severus The Military Emperors (AD 235 - AD 284) Alexander Maximinus (AD 235 - AD 238) Maximus Caesar (AD 235 - AD 238) Balbinus (AD 238) Maximinus Pupienus (AD 238) Gordian I (AD 238) Gordian II (AD 238) Gordian III (AD 238 - AD 244) Philip I (AD 244 - AD 249) Philip II (AD 247 - AD 249) Gordian III Trajan Decius (AD 249 - AD 251) Herennius Etruscus
    [Show full text]
  • Calendar of Roman Events
    Introduction Steve Worboys and I began this calendar in 1980 or 1981 when we discovered that the exact dates of many events survive from Roman antiquity, the most famous being the ides of March murder of Caesar. Flipping through a few books on Roman history revealed a handful of dates, and we believed that to fill every day of the year would certainly be impossible. From 1981 until 1989 I kept the calendar, adding dates as I ran across them. In 1989 I typed the list into the computer and we began again to plunder books and journals for dates, this time recording sources. Since then I have worked and reworked the Calendar, revising old entries and adding many, many more. The Roman Calendar The calendar was reformed twice, once by Caesar in 46 BC and later by Augustus in 8 BC. Each of these reforms is described in A. K. Michels’ book The Calendar of the Roman Republic. In an ordinary pre-Julian year, the number of days in each month was as follows: 29 January 31 May 29 September 28 February 29 June 31 October 31 March 31 Quintilis (July) 29 November 29 April 29 Sextilis (August) 29 December. The Romans did not number the days of the months consecutively. They reckoned backwards from three fixed points: The kalends, the nones, and the ides. The kalends is the first day of the month. For months with 31 days the nones fall on the 7th and the ides the 15th. For other months the nones fall on the 5th and the ides on the 13th.
    [Show full text]
  • The Extension of Imperial Authority Under Diocletian and the Tetrarchy, 285-305Ce
    University of Central Florida STARS Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 2012 The Extension Of Imperial Authority Under Diocletian And The Tetrarchy, 285-305ce Joshua Petitt University of Central Florida Part of the History Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Masters Thesis (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STARS Citation Petitt, Joshua, "The Extension Of Imperial Authority Under Diocletian And The Tetrarchy, 285-305ce" (2012). Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019. 2412. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/2412 THE EXTENSION OF IMPERIAL AUTHORITY UNDER DIOCLETIAN AND THE TETRARCHY, 285-305CE. by JOSHUA EDWARD PETITT B.A. History, University of Central Florida 2009 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of History in the College of Arts and Humanities at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Fall Term 2012 © 2012 Joshua Petitt ii ABSTRACT Despite a vast amount of research on Late Antiquity, little attention has been paid to certain figures that prove to be influential during this time. The focus of historians on Constantine I, the first Roman Emperor to allegedly convert to Christianity, has often come at the cost of ignoring Constantine's predecessor, Diocletian, sometimes known as the "Second Father of the Roman Empire". The success of Constantine's empire has often been attributed to the work and reforms of Diocletian, but there have been very few studies of the man beyond simple biography.
    [Show full text]
  • Ancient Roman Civilization
    ANCIENT ROMAN CIVILIZATION HANDOUT PACKAGE FALL 2009 HISTORY 4322/6322 Dr. Peter J. Brand 1 MOST ANCIENT ROME: ORIGINS AND BEGINNINGS Legend of Trojan origins: dates back at least to 5th century BCE, when Greek historian Hellanicus refers to it. Trojan hero Aeneas, in flight from Troy, lands on Italian coast and intermarries with Latin ruling family. His descendants are Romulus and Remus. Aeneas himself was worshipped in Rome under the label Iuppiter Indiges (“native Jupiter”). She-Wolf Legend: current in Italy by late 5th or earlier 4th century, though not clearly with reference to Rome. A statue of babies Romulus and Remus with she-wolf is known to have been set up in Rome as early as 296 BCE. “Latial”/ “Villanovan” settlement on Palatine Hill, which Romans regarded as site of Romulus’ original settlement Sabine component of Roman population: (1) early inhabitants of Quirinal Hill (2) Term for people “Quirites,” originally referring to Sabines, later used for Romans as group. (3) Legend of Sabine women probably is ex-post-facto explanation of Sabine component in Roman makeup. Foundation of Rome: traditionally agreed as being April 21, 753; Roman time-reckoning was generally in terms of so many years “since the founding of the city” (ab urbe condita, abbreviated AUC) Etruscan kings of Rome: Tarquinius Priscus (# 5) and Tarquin the Proud (# 7). The traditional date of his expulsion is 509 BCE. The Republic was believed to have begun immediately afterwards, but this is complicated by Lars Porsenna (of Clusium): attacked, and probably took Rome after Tarquin the Proud was expelled, but did not reinstall him.
    [Show full text]
  • The Holy Roman Empire [1873]
    The Online Library of Liberty A Project Of Liberty Fund, Inc. Viscount James Bryce, The Holy Roman Empire [1873] The Online Library Of Liberty This E-Book (PDF format) is published by Liberty Fund, Inc., a private, non-profit, educational foundation established in 1960 to encourage study of the ideal of a society of free and responsible individuals. 2010 was the 50th anniversary year of the founding of Liberty Fund. It is part of the Online Library of Liberty web site http://oll.libertyfund.org, which was established in 2004 in order to further the educational goals of Liberty Fund, Inc. To find out more about the author or title, to use the site's powerful search engine, to see other titles in other formats (HTML, facsimile PDF), or to make use of the hundreds of essays, educational aids, and study guides, please visit the OLL web site. This title is also part of the Portable Library of Liberty DVD which contains over 1,000 books and quotes about liberty and power, and is available free of charge upon request. The cuneiform inscription that appears in the logo and serves as a design element in all Liberty Fund books and web sites is the earliest-known written appearance of the word “freedom” (amagi), or “liberty.” It is taken from a clay document written about 2300 B.C. in the Sumerian city-state of Lagash, in present day Iraq. To find out more about Liberty Fund, Inc., or the Online Library of Liberty Project, please contact the Director at [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • An Interesting Family: Carus and His Sons by Peter E
    An interesting Family: Carus and his Sons by Peter E. Lewis The Ctesiphon Arch, Iraq by S.A. Svoboda, 1826-96. (Wikimedia Commons) ARUS and his sons, Carinus and pro claimed Carus emperor. At the time means they were probably limited in CNumerian, were Roman emperors in Carus was at Sirmium and Probus sent number. Carus had no reservations abo ut the 3 rd century AD. They were military part of his army to defeat the rebels, but using this inscription and it appears on men, very capable and successful in what when they joined forces with Carus, the a double antoninianus minted at Siscia in they did, but all ultimately destroyed by soldiers remaining with Probus murdered 282 ( Figure 3 ) and for the first time on an treachery. Although generally forgotten him not far from Sirmium. aureus ( Figure 4 ). The double antonini - today, coin collectors can follow their car- When he became emperor Carus ass- anus shows Carus with the sun-god, Sol eers because large numbers of coins were umed the name Marcus Aurelius Carus. Invictus. The emperor Aurelian (270-275) minted during their reigns. His two sons also added ‘Marcus Aurelius’ had promoted the worship of Sol Invictus Carus was born in about 224 AD at to their names, as had Probus when he Narbo in Gaul. ( Figure 1 – map ) Narbo became emperor in 276. Marcus Aurelius had been a Roman colony since 118 BC. had been a successful and popular Roman Carus rose through the ranks eventually emperor in the 2 nd century AD and by becoming the commander of the Praetor- assuming his name Carus intended to ian Guard, a powerful position in the signify a similar career.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ruin of the Roman Empire
    7888888888889 u o u o u o u THE o u Ruin o u OF THE o u Roman o u o u EMPIRE o u o u o u o u jamesj . o’donnell o u o u o u o u o u o u o hjjjjjjjjjjjk This is Ann’s book contents Preface iv Overture 1 part i s theoderic’s world 1. Rome in 500: Looking Backward 47 2. The World That Might Have Been 107 part ii s justinian’s world 3. Being Justinian 177 4. Opportunities Lost 229 5. Wars Worse Than Civil 247 part iii s gregory’s world 6. Learning to Live Again 303 7. Constantinople Deflated: The Debris of Empire 342 8. The Last Consul 364 Epilogue 385 List of Roman Emperors 395 Notes 397 Further Reading 409 Credits and Permissions 411 Index 413 About the Author Other Books by James J. O’ Donnell Credits Cover Copyright About the Publisher preface An American soldier posted in Anbar province during the twilight war over the remains of Saddam’s Mesopotamian kingdom might have been surprised to learn he was defending the westernmost frontiers of the an- cient Persian empire against raiders, smugglers, and worse coming from the eastern reaches of the ancient Roman empire. This painful recycling of history should make him—and us—want to know what unhealable wound, what recurrent pathology, what cause too deep for journalists and politicians to discern draws men and women to their deaths again and again in such a place. The history of Rome, as has often been true in the past, has much to teach us.
    [Show full text]
  • Roman Coins Elementary Manual
    ^1 If5*« ^IP _\i * K -- ' t| Wk '^ ^. 1 Digitized by Google Digitized by Google Digitized by Google Digitized by Google Digitized by Google Digitized by Google PROTAT BROTHERS, PRINTBRS, MACON (PRANCi) Digitized by Google ROMAN COINS ELEMENTARY MANUAL COMPILED BY CAV. FRANCESCO gNECCHI VICE-PRBSIDENT OF THE ITALIAN NUMISMATIC SOaETT, HONORARY MEMBER OF THE LONDON, BELGIAN AND SWISS NUMISMATIC SOCIBTIES. 2"^ EDITION RKVISRD, CORRECTED AND AMPLIFIED Translated by the Rev<> Alfred Watson HANDS MEMBF,R OP THE LONDON NUMISMATIC SOCIETT LONDON SPINK & SON 17 & l8 PICCADILLY W. — I & 2 GRACECHURCH ST. B.C. 1903 (ALL RIGHTS RF^ERVED) Digitized by Google Arc //-/7^. K.^ Digitized by Google ROMAN COINS ELEMENTARY MANUAL AUTHOR S PREFACE TO THE ENGLISH EDITION In the month of July 1898 the Rev. A. W. Hands, with whom I had become acquainted through our common interests and stud- ieSy wrote to me asking whether it would be agreeable to me and reasonable to translate and publish in English my little manual of the Roman Coinage, and most kindly offering to assist me, if my knowledge of the English language was not sufficient. Feeling honoured by the request, and happy indeed to give any assistance I could in rendering this science popular in other coun- tries as well as my own, I suggested that it would he probably less trouble ii he would undertake the translation himselt; and it was with much pleasure and thankfulness that I found this proposal was accepted. It happened that the first edition of my Manual was then nearly exhausted, and by waiting a short time I should be able to offer to the English reader the translation of the second edition, which was being rapidly prepared with additions and improvements.
    [Show full text]