The Classical Review http://journals.cambridge.org/CAR Additional services for The Classical Review: Email alerts: Click here Subscriptions: Click here Commercial reprints: Click here Terms of use : Click here An Unrecorded Attic Colony in Euboea? Lewis R. Farnell The Classical Review / Volume 20 / Issue 01 / February 1906, pp 27 - 31 DOI: 10.1017/S0009840X00993557, Published online: 27 October 2009 Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0009840X00993557 How to cite this article: Lewis R. Farnell (1906). An Unrecorded Attic Colony in Euboea?. The Classical Review, 20, pp 27-31 doi:10.1017/S0009840X00993557 Request Permissions : Click here Downloaded from http://journals.cambridge.org/CAR, IP address: 147.188.128.74 on 23 Mar 2015 THE CLASSICAL REVIEW. 27 extant line of the 'AOrprauav iro\vrtia and in meaning fourteen chapters earlier. (2) As Plutarch, V. Solonis c. 12, referring to the to the meaning of apia-rivSrjv with such a same event, viz. the constitution of the court verb as alpeio-dai in the undoubted writings which tried the Alcmaeonidae. I do not of Aristotle there can be no shadow of doubt. challenge Mr. Greenidge's statement that If we turn to Politics ii. 11, 1273 a 23, 26, when applied to these early constitutions the same mode of election which in the one api<TTiv8r)v may practically and technicallyline is designated apurrivSrjv is in the other signify 'by right of birth,' but I wish to designated Kar' aperrp/. At Carthage oi point out two considerations which in my jj-ovov api<TTiv8rpr d\\a Kai irXovrivSr}V olovrai judgment nullify completely the argument Selv aiptiorOai TOVS ap^ovras (1273 a 23 sq.) or, from Polybius. (1) No one has proved that to put the same fact in another way, tj Polybius is using the term in the assumed iroXireia /JA.«rei cis T€ TTXOVTOV KOX dpenjv Kal technical sense when applied to the historical Srjfwv (1293 b 14 sq.). Thus an election Spartan Senate; and, if we turn to Polybius apurTivSrjv can be opposed to one CK TOIV vi. 24 (ad init.), we find him using TVXPVTWV (1272 b 36), i. e. to one where no apurrivlhjv when describing the selection of special qualifications are required of a candi- the Roman centurions. In that case the date but where any one, even a nobody, word clearly means 'on grounds of merit,' may stand. KWT' aperqv, and not ' by right of birth' and R. D. HICKS. the presumption is that it bore the same AN UNRECORDED ATTIC COLONY IN EUBOEA? (A paper read before the Oxford Philological Society, 1905.) I MAY be permitted to revive the discus- transportation, quoting other examples of sion of a document of which the importance inscribed stones being carried from one place appears to have been overlooked and the to another sometimes perhaps as ships'- true interpretation not yet agreed upon. A ballast. In the following number of the few years ago a mutilated inscription was same journal, 1903, p. 133, Papabasileios found in Euboea in the territory of Chalkis replies to Wilhelm and tries to maintain his and published with conjectural emendations original position. by Papabasileios in the Ephemeris Archai- Any one at all familiar with Attic epi- ologiki, 1902, p. 29. Leaving aside what is graphy will at once be convinced by the ex- conjectural, we discern at a glance that the amination of the inscription that Wilhelm is block contains a portion of a Upos vo/xos, the right in his main contention, and the epi- ritual-code of some community, prescribing graphical knowledge and insight of this sacrifices to various deities and apportioning scholar are well known. The writing and to various sacred or secular officials their re- the vocabulary prove the document to be of spective perquisites of the offerings: we re- Attic origin; and the authority of the cognise also a purely Attic dialect and a form Greek editor's opinion is destroyed by his of writing that prevailed in Attica near to the assertion that the script of Chalkis and middle of the fifth century B.C. and for Eretria were at this time the same as the nearly a generation later, before the alphabet Attic: students of Greek epigraphy and was completely Ionicised. The Greek scholar dialects are aware that this is contrary to who has published it maintains that it is a the facts, and Wilhelm rightly exposes the Chalkidic document and that the divinities inaccuracy of this supposition in his final and heroes mentioned belong to the old state reply (Eph. Arch. 1904, p. 103). religion of Chalkis and Euboea. But in the On the other, hand, the decision of the same number of the Eph. Arch. p. 137, his latter scholar that the content of the inscrip- opinion is strongly controverted by Wilhelm, tion, the cults of deities and heroes clearly who insists on the purely Attic character of the decipherable in the list, is wholly consistent writing and the vocabulary and argues that with what we know of the Attic religion, all the personages of the worship belong to does not entirely commend itself on reflec- Attic religion and finally explains its dis- tion ; and still less convincing is the Greek covery in Euboea as due to some accidental editor's view that the cults are wholly 28 THE CLASSICAL REVIEW. Euboeic. We must always bear in mind heroic honours in Euboea as the ancestor of that our record is incomplete, as Wilhelm an Ionic stock, and this fragment of the points out, and we must beware of dogmatis- inscription cannot be urged as proof of the ing too rigidly on the basis of it: divinities Attic rather than the Euboeic character of and heroes were no doubt often worshipped the document. in localities where no ancient authority at- A 1. 10 shows us the letters El EN TO I tests their presence. Still the fairly ample EUAIEI which Papabasileios interprets as. evidence at our disposal creates a certain 'A<£po8tTci h> T<3 iXcutl — ' Aphrodite in the probability as to questions of cult-localities, olive-yard,' and calls attention to the inter- without which we could not argue on these esting fact that in the neighbourhood of lines at all. Now certain of the divine Chalkis there exists a chapel Ilavayias T>}S personages mentioned here are no more Attic than Euboeic, Apollo Pythios, Artemis, 'JSAauwoT/s. But Wilhelm maintains that Poseidon for instance. We must look for in the space before the first two letters El more definitely local figures and still more there is no sign of T (this is clear from the for local appellatives that we can fix to a facsimile) and he discovers traces of the certain geographical point. oblique stroke of the Attic U ; if this is Wilhehn believes that he has found some certain, a point which the facsimile published of these in the inscriptions, enough to prove does not enable us to determine, his restora- the Attic character of the whole. In column tion is inevitable 'HpaKXei iv r<a ikaul. And A 1. 9 he would read [Ail] rpmraloi iv Kwo[«r- he quotes the later fifth-century inscriptions ovpai], and this restoration appears to me of accounts that mention the shrine of convincing, while the suggestion of Papa- 'HpcucAj/s iv 'EAa«i Elaieus being the name of basileios that we should read iv Kwos K«f>a\rj a deme of the Hippothoontid tribe (C.I.A. the unknown name of an unknown promon- 1, 164, 1. 6, 170, 7, 173, 4: Steph. s.v. tory supposed to be in Euboea is ineffectual. 'EAcuevs). He does not however explain or But Wilhelm's proof that the Kynosoura notice the curious use of the article in the where sacrifice was offered to Zeus Tropaios phrase iv T& 'EAatet, which throws some was in Salamis, was very confusedly stated doubt on the identification which he proposes, in his first paper and not clearly given in his for the article as far as I can find is never last. However when we compare Herodotus used in this way with a deme: it is there- 8, 76-77 with Paus. 1, 36, 1 and G. I. A. 2, fore somewhat more natural to interpret iv 471, we may conclude that the long promon- TO iXcutZ as='in the olive-yard,' a vague tory in Salamis almost opposite the temple phrase directing us to no known locality, of Artemis Munychia on the Attic shore was although i\aitvs is not found elsewhere in called Kynosoura (the name agrees excel- this sense.1 lently with its shape) and that this was where the epheboi sacrificed to Zeus Tropaios (vide At the end of column A there are certain also Milchbfer Text zu Karten von Attica blurred strokes visible which Wilhelm con- vii, viii, 27). We may remember that there fidently interpretsas [NYN]<t>[A]l£ K[A]| was another Kynosoura at Marathon, and [AX]E[UOOl]. The original then must that here also there may well have been an reveal something more than the published altar of Zeus Tropaios to commemorate the copy. We may trust his authority as to the great battle; only there is no record of it. letters, and I cannot suggest any other It is reasonable then to accept Wilhelm's restoration than his. Nevertheless he is view that this phrase in the inscription rather too hasty in using this as a clinching refers to the Salaminian cult. 1 For iKaifis in the sense of ' a place of olives,' Line 11 shows the letters OOOI AMNOS, a common noun of local significance, Papabasileios and the first letters are evidently part of the compares such forms as Bovaxcis, xaneis, QeWtis (Eph.