An Unrecorded Attic Colony in Euboea?

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

An Unrecorded Attic Colony in Euboea? The Classical Review http://journals.cambridge.org/CAR Additional services for The Classical Review: Email alerts: Click here Subscriptions: Click here Commercial reprints: Click here Terms of use : Click here An Unrecorded Attic Colony in Euboea? Lewis R. Farnell The Classical Review / Volume 20 / Issue 01 / February 1906, pp 27 - 31 DOI: 10.1017/S0009840X00993557, Published online: 27 October 2009 Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0009840X00993557 How to cite this article: Lewis R. Farnell (1906). An Unrecorded Attic Colony in Euboea?. The Classical Review, 20, pp 27-31 doi:10.1017/S0009840X00993557 Request Permissions : Click here Downloaded from http://journals.cambridge.org/CAR, IP address: 147.188.128.74 on 23 Mar 2015 THE CLASSICAL REVIEW. 27 extant line of the 'AOrprauav iro\vrtia and in meaning fourteen chapters earlier. (2) As Plutarch, V. Solonis c. 12, referring to the to the meaning of apia-rivSrjv with such a same event, viz. the constitution of the court verb as alpeio-dai in the undoubted writings which tried the Alcmaeonidae. I do not of Aristotle there can be no shadow of doubt. challenge Mr. Greenidge's statement that If we turn to Politics ii. 11, 1273 a 23, 26, when applied to these early constitutions the same mode of election which in the one api<TTiv8r)v may practically and technicallyline is designated apurrivSrjv is in the other signify 'by right of birth,' but I wish to designated Kar' aperrp/. At Carthage oi point out two considerations which in my jj-ovov api<TTiv8rpr d\\a Kai irXovrivSr}V olovrai judgment nullify completely the argument Selv aiptiorOai TOVS ap^ovras (1273 a 23 sq.) or, from Polybius. (1) No one has proved that to put the same fact in another way, tj Polybius is using the term in the assumed iroXireia /JA.«rei cis T€ TTXOVTOV KOX dpenjv Kal technical sense when applied to the historical Srjfwv (1293 b 14 sq.). Thus an election Spartan Senate; and, if we turn to Polybius apurTivSrjv can be opposed to one CK TOIV vi. 24 (ad init.), we find him using TVXPVTWV (1272 b 36), i. e. to one where no apurrivlhjv when describing the selection of special qualifications are required of a candi- the Roman centurions. In that case the date but where any one, even a nobody, word clearly means 'on grounds of merit,' may stand. KWT' aperqv, and not ' by right of birth' and R. D. HICKS. the presumption is that it bore the same AN UNRECORDED ATTIC COLONY IN EUBOEA? (A paper read before the Oxford Philological Society, 1905.) I MAY be permitted to revive the discus- transportation, quoting other examples of sion of a document of which the importance inscribed stones being carried from one place appears to have been overlooked and the to another sometimes perhaps as ships'- true interpretation not yet agreed upon. A ballast. In the following number of the few years ago a mutilated inscription was same journal, 1903, p. 133, Papabasileios found in Euboea in the territory of Chalkis replies to Wilhelm and tries to maintain his and published with conjectural emendations original position. by Papabasileios in the Ephemeris Archai- Any one at all familiar with Attic epi- ologiki, 1902, p. 29. Leaving aside what is graphy will at once be convinced by the ex- conjectural, we discern at a glance that the amination of the inscription that Wilhelm is block contains a portion of a Upos vo/xos, the right in his main contention, and the epi- ritual-code of some community, prescribing graphical knowledge and insight of this sacrifices to various deities and apportioning scholar are well known. The writing and to various sacred or secular officials their re- the vocabulary prove the document to be of spective perquisites of the offerings: we re- Attic origin; and the authority of the cognise also a purely Attic dialect and a form Greek editor's opinion is destroyed by his of writing that prevailed in Attica near to the assertion that the script of Chalkis and middle of the fifth century B.C. and for Eretria were at this time the same as the nearly a generation later, before the alphabet Attic: students of Greek epigraphy and was completely Ionicised. The Greek scholar dialects are aware that this is contrary to who has published it maintains that it is a the facts, and Wilhelm rightly exposes the Chalkidic document and that the divinities inaccuracy of this supposition in his final and heroes mentioned belong to the old state reply (Eph. Arch. 1904, p. 103). religion of Chalkis and Euboea. But in the On the other, hand, the decision of the same number of the Eph. Arch. p. 137, his latter scholar that the content of the inscrip- opinion is strongly controverted by Wilhelm, tion, the cults of deities and heroes clearly who insists on the purely Attic character of the decipherable in the list, is wholly consistent writing and the vocabulary and argues that with what we know of the Attic religion, all the personages of the worship belong to does not entirely commend itself on reflec- Attic religion and finally explains its dis- tion ; and still less convincing is the Greek covery in Euboea as due to some accidental editor's view that the cults are wholly 28 THE CLASSICAL REVIEW. Euboeic. We must always bear in mind heroic honours in Euboea as the ancestor of that our record is incomplete, as Wilhelm an Ionic stock, and this fragment of the points out, and we must beware of dogmatis- inscription cannot be urged as proof of the ing too rigidly on the basis of it: divinities Attic rather than the Euboeic character of and heroes were no doubt often worshipped the document. in localities where no ancient authority at- A 1. 10 shows us the letters El EN TO I tests their presence. Still the fairly ample EUAIEI which Papabasileios interprets as. evidence at our disposal creates a certain 'A<£po8tTci h> T<3 iXcutl — ' Aphrodite in the probability as to questions of cult-localities, olive-yard,' and calls attention to the inter- without which we could not argue on these esting fact that in the neighbourhood of lines at all. Now certain of the divine Chalkis there exists a chapel Ilavayias T>}S personages mentioned here are no more Attic than Euboeic, Apollo Pythios, Artemis, 'JSAauwoT/s. But Wilhelm maintains that Poseidon for instance. We must look for in the space before the first two letters El more definitely local figures and still more there is no sign of T (this is clear from the for local appellatives that we can fix to a facsimile) and he discovers traces of the certain geographical point. oblique stroke of the Attic U ; if this is Wilhehn believes that he has found some certain, a point which the facsimile published of these in the inscriptions, enough to prove does not enable us to determine, his restora- the Attic character of the whole. In column tion is inevitable 'HpaKXei iv r<a ikaul. And A 1. 9 he would read [Ail] rpmraloi iv Kwo[«r- he quotes the later fifth-century inscriptions ovpai], and this restoration appears to me of accounts that mention the shrine of convincing, while the suggestion of Papa- 'HpcucAj/s iv 'EAa«i Elaieus being the name of basileios that we should read iv Kwos K«f>a\rj a deme of the Hippothoontid tribe (C.I.A. the unknown name of an unknown promon- 1, 164, 1. 6, 170, 7, 173, 4: Steph. s.v. tory supposed to be in Euboea is ineffectual. 'EAcuevs). He does not however explain or But Wilhelm's proof that the Kynosoura notice the curious use of the article in the where sacrifice was offered to Zeus Tropaios phrase iv T& 'EAatet, which throws some was in Salamis, was very confusedly stated doubt on the identification which he proposes, in his first paper and not clearly given in his for the article as far as I can find is never last. However when we compare Herodotus used in this way with a deme: it is there- 8, 76-77 with Paus. 1, 36, 1 and G. I. A. 2, fore somewhat more natural to interpret iv 471, we may conclude that the long promon- TO iXcutZ as='in the olive-yard,' a vague tory in Salamis almost opposite the temple phrase directing us to no known locality, of Artemis Munychia on the Attic shore was although i\aitvs is not found elsewhere in called Kynosoura (the name agrees excel- this sense.1 lently with its shape) and that this was where the epheboi sacrificed to Zeus Tropaios (vide At the end of column A there are certain also Milchbfer Text zu Karten von Attica blurred strokes visible which Wilhelm con- vii, viii, 27). We may remember that there fidently interpretsas [NYN]<t>[A]l£ K[A]| was another Kynosoura at Marathon, and [AX]E[UOOl]. The original then must that here also there may well have been an reveal something more than the published altar of Zeus Tropaios to commemorate the copy. We may trust his authority as to the great battle; only there is no record of it. letters, and I cannot suggest any other It is reasonable then to accept Wilhelm's restoration than his. Nevertheless he is view that this phrase in the inscription rather too hasty in using this as a clinching refers to the Salaminian cult. 1 For iKaifis in the sense of ' a place of olives,' Line 11 shows the letters OOOI AMNOS, a common noun of local significance, Papabasileios and the first letters are evidently part of the compares such forms as Bovaxcis, xaneis, QeWtis (Eph.
Recommended publications
  • General Introduction Hesiod and His Poems
    General Introduction Hesiod and His Poems The Theogony is one of the most important mythical texts to survive from antiquity, and I devote the first section of this translation to it. It tells of the creation of the present world order under the rule of almighty Zeus. The Works and Days, in the second section, describes a bitter dispute between Hesiod and his brother over the disposition of their father’s property, a theme that allows Hesiod to range widely over issues of right and wrong. The Shield of Herakles, whose centerpiece is a long description of a work of art, is not by Hesiod, at least most of it, but it was always attributed to him in antiquity. It is Hesiodic in style and has always formed part of the Hesiodic corpus. It makes up the third section of this book. The influence of Homer’s poems on Greek and later culture is inestima- ble, but Homer never tells us who he is; he stands behind his poems, invisi- ble, all-knowing. His probable contemporary Hesiod, by contrast, is the first self-conscious author in Western literature. Hesiod tells us something about himself in his poetry. His name seems to mean “he who takes pleasure in a journey” (for what it is worth) but in the Works and Days he may play with the meaning of “he who sends forth song.” As with all names—for example, Homer, meaning “hostage,” or Herodotus, meaning “a warrior’s gift”—the name of a poet may have nothing to do with his actual career.
    [Show full text]
  • STONEFLY NAMES from CLASSICAL TIMES W. E. Ricker
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Perla Jahr/Year: 1996 Band/Volume: 14 Autor(en)/Author(s): Ricker William E. Artikel/Article: Stonefly names from classical times 37-43 STONEFLY NAMES FROM CLASSICAL TIMES W. E. Ricker Recently I amused myself by checking the stonefly names that seem to be based on the names of real or mythological persons or localities of ancient Greece and Rome. I had copies of Bulfinch’s "Age of Fable," Graves; "Greek Myths," and an "Atlas of the Ancient World," all of which have excellent indexes; also Brown’s "Composition of Scientific Words," And I have had assistance from several colleagues. It turned out that among the stonefly names in lilies’ 1966 Katalog there are not very many that appear to be classical, although I may have failed to recognize a few. There were only 25 in all, and to get even that many I had to fudge a bit. Eleven of the names had been proposed by Edward Newman, an English student of neuropteroids who published around 1840. What follows is a list of these names and associated events or legends, giving them an entomological slant whenever possible. Greek names are given in the latinized form used by Graves, for example Lycus rather than Lykos. I have not listed descriptive words like Phasganophora (sword-bearer) unless they are also proper names. Also omitted are geographical names, no matter how ancient, if they are easily recognizable today — for example caucasica or helenica. alexanderi Hanson 1941, Leuctra.
    [Show full text]
  • Peirates, Leistai, Boukoloi, and Hostes Gentium of the Classical World : the Orp Trayal of Pirates in Literature and the Reality of Contemporary Piratical Actions
    Macalester College DigitalCommons@Macalester College Classics Honors Projects Classics Department May 2006 Peirates, Leistai, Boukoloi, and Hostes Gentium of the Classical World : The orP trayal of Pirates in Literature and the Reality of Contemporary Piratical Actions. Aaron L. Beek Macalester College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/classics_honors Recommended Citation Beek, Aaron L., "Peirates, Leistai, Boukoloi, and Hostes Gentium of the Classical World : The orP trayal of Pirates in Literature and the Reality of Contemporary Piratical Actions." (2006). Classics Honors Projects. Paper 4. http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/classics_honors/4 This Honors Project is brought to you for free and open access by the Classics Department at DigitalCommons@Macalester College. It has been accepted for inclusion in Classics Honors Projects by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Macalester College. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Peirates, Leistai, Boukoloi, and Hostes Gentium of the Classical World: The Portrayal of Pirates in Literature and the Reality of Contemporary Piratical Actions. Aaron L. Beek Spring, 2006 Advisor: Nanette Goldman Department: Classics Defended April 18, 2006 Submitted April 24, 2006 Acknowledgements First, thanks go to Alexandra Cuffel and Nanette Goldman, for the co-overseeing of this project’s completion. The good professor, bad professor routine was surprisingly effective. Second, thanks go to Peter Weisensel and David Itzkowitz, for their help on the history portions of this paper and for listening to me talk about classical piracy far, far, far too often. Third, much blame belongs to Joseph Rife, who got me started on the subject. Nevertheless he was involved in spirit, if not in person.
    [Show full text]
  • Euboea and Athens
    Euboea and Athens Proceedings of a Colloquium in Memory of Malcolm B. Wallace Athens 26-27 June 2009 2011 Publications of the Canadian Institute in Greece Publications de l’Institut canadien en Grèce No. 6 © The Canadian Institute in Greece / L’Institut canadien en Grèce 2011 Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Euboea and Athens Colloquium in Memory of Malcolm B. Wallace (2009 : Athens, Greece) Euboea and Athens : proceedings of a colloquium in memory of Malcolm B. Wallace : Athens 26-27 June 2009 / David W. Rupp and Jonathan E. Tomlinson, editors. (Publications of the Canadian Institute in Greece = Publications de l'Institut canadien en Grèce ; no. 6) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-0-9737979-1-6 1. Euboea Island (Greece)--Antiquities. 2. Euboea Island (Greece)--Civilization. 3. Euboea Island (Greece)--History. 4. Athens (Greece)--Antiquities. 5. Athens (Greece)--Civilization. 6. Athens (Greece)--History. I. Wallace, Malcolm B. (Malcolm Barton), 1942-2008 II. Rupp, David W. (David William), 1944- III. Tomlinson, Jonathan E. (Jonathan Edward), 1967- IV. Canadian Institute in Greece V. Title. VI. Series: Publications of the Canadian Institute in Greece ; no. 6. DF261.E9E93 2011 938 C2011-903495-6 The Canadian Institute in Greece Dionysiou Aiginitou 7 GR-115 28 Athens, Greece www.cig-icg.gr THOMAS G. PALAIMA Euboea, Athens, Thebes and Kadmos: The Implications of the Linear B References 1 The Linear B documents contain a good number of references to Thebes, and theories about the status of Thebes among Mycenaean centers have been prominent in Mycenological scholarship over the last twenty years.2 Assumptions about the hegemony of Thebes in the Mycenaean palatial period, whether just in central Greece or over a still wider area, are used as the starting point for interpreting references to: a) Athens: There is only one reference to Athens on a possibly early tablet (Knossos V 52) as a toponym a-ta-na = Ἀθήνη in the singular, as in Hom.
    [Show full text]
  • Focus on Greek Sculpture
    Focus on Greek Sculpture Notes for teachers Greek sculpture at the Ashmolean • The classical world was full of large high quality statues of bronze and marble that honoured gods, heroes, rulers, military leaders and ordinary people. The Ashmolean’s cast collection, one of the best- preserved collections of casts of Greek and Roman sculpture in the UK, contains some 900 plaster casts of statues, reliefs and architectural sculptures. It is particularly strong in classical sculpture but also includes important Hellenistic and Roman material. Cast collections provided exemplary models for students in art academies to learn to draw and were used for teaching classical archaeology. • Many of the historical casts, some dating back to the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, are in better condition than the acid rain-damaged originals from which they were moulded. They are exact plaster replicas made, with piece moulds that leave distinctive seams on the surface of the cast. • The thematic arrangement of the Cast Gallery presents the contexts in which statues were used in antiquity; sanctuaries, tombs and public spaces. Other galleries containing Greek sculpture, casts and ancient Greek objects Gallery 14: Cast Gallery Gallery 21: Greek and Roman Sculpture Gallery 16: The Greek World Gallery 7: Money Gallery 2: Crossing Cultures Gallery 14: Cast Gallery 1. Cast of early Greek kouros, Delphi, Greece, 2. Cast of ‘Peplos kore’, from Athenian Acropolis, c570BC c530BC The stocky, heavily muscled naked figure stands The young woman held an offering in her in the schematic ‘walking’ pose copied from outstretched left hand (missing) and wears an Egypt by early Greek sculptors, signifying motion unusual combination of clothes: a thin under- and life.
    [Show full text]
  • Iver Nestos. According to Greek Mythology, the Foundation of the City
    (Avdira). A city in Thrace (northern Greece); situated on Cape ra (a corruption of the medieval Polystylon), eleven miles northeast of iver Nestos.According to Greek mythology, the foundation of the city went to Heracles,whose eighth labor was the capture of the man-eatinghorses iomedes,king of the neighboringBistonians. However, the first attempt to Abdera, accordingto Herodotus,was made in the seventhcentury nc by ists from Clazomenae(Klazumen) in Ionia led by Tynisias,but they were n backby the Thracians.In 545nc the peopleof anotherIonian city, Teos rk), frnding Persiandomination intolerable,placed settlers on the site (in- ing the poet Anacreon)and reconstructedthe town. It controlled an exten- 2pgs-6s6veredwith vineyards and fertile,' accordingto Pindar. An ear of in is shownon its fine coins.However, the Abderanswere constantly at pains protect their territory from Thracian incursions.Nevertheless, their city was a centerfor trading with the Thracian (Odrysian)rulers of the hinterland, d provided a harbor for the commerce of upper Thrace in general. \\'hen the Persians came to Thrace in 5131512they took control of Abdera, did so once againtn 492.In 480 it was one of the halting placesselected Xerxesas he marchedthe Persianarmy along the northern shoresof the Ae- n toward Greece. As a member of the first Athenian Alliance (Delian ue) establishedafter the end of the PersianWars, it contributed (from 454 a sum of betweenten and fifteen talents,indicating its position as the third- hestcity in the League.ln 431,at the beginningof the PeloponnesianWar inst Sparta, tltook the lead in an endeavor to enroll Thrace (under the Odry- ruler Sitalces)and Macedoniain the Athenian cause.Although'Abderite' becamea synonym for stupidity, Abdera producedtwo fifth-century think- of outstandingdistinction, Democritusand Protagoras.
    [Show full text]
  • Focus on Greek Gods and Goddesses
    Focus on Greek Gods and Goddesses Ancient Greek gods and goddesses at The Ashmolean • The Ashmolean Museum’s collections from ancient Greece include Greek gods and goddesses represented on pottery, coins and in sculpture. • Gallery displays also include objects used in religious contexts including votive offerings, inscribed plaques, and lekythoi which once contained liquids for making offerings to the gods. • The same gods were worshipped throughout ancient Greece and formed a key part of daily life. • The Greeks believed their gods were very powerful and should be treated with reverence and respect. They honoured the gods by presenting them with gifts and sacrifices at temples. In return, they hoped that the gods would help them with different aspects of their lives. • Greek religion was polytheistic. Each god was responsble for many different areas of life and was worshipped according to the needs of the individual at the time. They were represented in human form, each with their own attributes. Galleries containing ancient Greek objects Gallery 7: Money Gallery Gallery 14: Cast Gallery Gallery 16: The Greek World Gallery 20: Aegean World Gallery 21: Greek and Roman Sculpture Gallery 16: The Greek World Gallery 14: Cast Gallery 1. Zeus 2. Nike Cast of a bronze statue of a man, about 470BC Cast of Nike of Paionios, from Olympia, c425- possibly Zeus 421BC The original was found in the 1920s at sea near Euboea, Greece. The nude bearded male about Nike, the winged goddess of victory, is flying to hurl a now-lost object is most commonly in to land on top of a tall triangular pillar as an identified as Zeus brandishing a thunderbolt, as eagle passes beneath her feet.
    [Show full text]
  • Interstate Alliances of the Fourth-Century BCE Greek World: a Socio-Cultural Perspective
    City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 9-2016 Interstate Alliances of the Fourth-Century BCE Greek World: A Socio-Cultural Perspective Nicholas D. Cross The Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/1479 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] INTERSTATE ALLIANCES IN THE FOURTH-CENTURY BCE GREEK WORLD: A SOCIO-CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE by Nicholas D. Cross A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The City University of New York 2016 © 2016 Nicholas D. Cross All Rights Reserved ii Interstate Alliances in the Fourth-Century BCE Greek World: A Socio-Cultural Perspective by Nicholas D. Cross This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in History in satisfaction of the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. ______________ __________________________________________ Date Jennifer Roberts Chair of Examining Committee ______________ __________________________________________ Date Helena Rosenblatt Executive Officer Supervisory Committee Joel Allen Liv Yarrow THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iii ABSTRACT Interstate Alliances of the Fourth-Century BCE Greek World: A Socio-Cultural Perspective by Nicholas D. Cross Adviser: Professor Jennifer Roberts This dissertation offers a reassessment of interstate alliances (συµµαχία) in the fourth-century BCE Greek world from a socio-cultural perspective.
    [Show full text]
  • Greek Myths and Legends Pdf Free Download
    GREEK MYTHS AND LEGENDS PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Cheryl Evans | 64 pages | 08 Jan 2008 | Usborne Publishing Ltd | 9780746087190 | English | London, United Kingdom Greek Myths and Legends PDF Book It is thought that she took the Golden Age of Man with her when she left for the heavens in disgust. Eventually, he fell in love with and married Eurydice, but on their wedding day, she was bitten by a snake and died. His wandering lasted for no less than ten years! Next, it was the turn of goddess Athena. Also the trojan war they missed a part. They are naturally drawn to the land. As soon as the bull reached the beach, it ran into the water. While most ancient cultures were taught to fear their gods, the Greeks tried to make their gods relatable by giving them human-like qualities. Leto in ancient myths of Greece was the representation of motherhood. Out of pity, Athena transformed her into a spider, so she could continue weaving without having to break her oath. This tragic story has inspired many painters and it is the basic concept for many operas and songs. Once he came of age he tried to reclaim the throne. Oedipus, upon realizing what he had done and seeing Jocasta's dead body, stabbed his eyes out and was exiled. They are very similar, and Aphrodite and Eros escape from Typhon safely due to the help of two fish. It was Hercules first trial where he was given the task of finding and then killing the Nemean Lion. They have a lot in common.
    [Show full text]
  • Athena Tritogeneia, Poseidon's Trident And
    ATHENA TRITOGENEIA , POSEIDON ’S TRIDENT AND EARLY SACRED TRINITY DMITRI PANCHENKO Saint-Petersburg State University; Higher School of Economics in Saint-Petersburg [email protected] ABSTRACT . The name Tritogeneia likely means ‘born of the Third’, this Third one being the supreme god, the Most High. Poseidon (at least Poseidon Helikonios) was once such a god. He was the lord of the water that descended from heaven and a deity closely asso- ciated with the celestial pole. His trident is the symbol that indicates his celestial nature, and this symbol developed from a previous one – a raised hand with three fingers. This number of fingers signified the similarity with the dwellers of the sky – the birds, with their three toes in front. KEYWORDS : Athena, Tritogeneia, Poseidon, trident, triads, mythology . Athena is repeatedly called Τριτογένεια in Homeric poems ( Il . 4. 515; 8. 39; 22. 183; Od. 3. 378), in Hesiod ( Theog . 895; 924) and elsewhere. One may wonder whether Homer and Hesiod were aware of the meaning of the epithet they used, but one confidently concludes that the later Greeks were not. This follows from the varie- ty of interpretations suggested in antiquity. To be sure, there was common agreement that the second part of the word meant ‘born’. Concerning the first part, two main ideas were current. Some derived it from τρίτο̋, ‘third’, the others from the names Τρίτων or Τριτωνί̋ , identified either with a lake in Libya or with a stream in Boeotia or Thessaly or elsewhere. Both versions figured already in the authors of the fifth century BC. The cata- logue of Democritus’ works composed by Thrasylus included the title Τριτογένεια, “so called because three things, on which all human things depend, come from her” (D.L.
    [Show full text]
  • Foundation Rituals and the Culture of Building in Ancient Greece
    FOUNDATION RITUALS AND THE CULTURE OF BUILDING IN ANCIENT GREECE Gloria R. Hunt A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Art. Chapel Hill 2006 Approved by Advisor: Donald C. Haggis Reader: Jaroslav Folda Reader: Robin F. Rhodes Reader: G. Kenneth Sams Reader: Mary C. Sturgeon ©2006 Gloria R. Hunt ii ABSTRACT GLORIA R. HUNT: Foundation Rituals and the Culture of Building in Ancient Greece (Under the direction of Donald C. Haggis) This dissertation examines the evidence for foundation rituals in post-Bronze Age Greece while investigating their function and meaning in ancient Greek culture. Foundation rituals are prescribed rites known throughout the ancient Mediterranean that marked the initiation of a buildings’ construction, usually with a combination of prayer, sacrifice, and the burial of foundation deposits containing offerings of various types and/or sacrificial material. These distinctive deposits were ritually interred during the beginning stages of construction, usually within the fabric of the structure itself. The discovery of foundation deposits in association with cult architecture from all over the ancient Greek world and from every historical period attests that foundation rituals were regular features of sacred building. This dissertation presents all published foundation deposits in their archaeological contexts and identifies patterns in placement, method of deposition, type of material deposited, and geographic distribution. Reconstructed from the archaeological evidence, ancient Greek foundation rituals are related to the broader history of foundation rituals in the ancient Mediterranean, especially to the traditions of Egypt and Mesopotamia.
    [Show full text]
  • Divine Riddles: a Sourcebook for Greek and Roman Mythology March, 2014
    Divine Riddles: A Sourcebook for Greek and Roman Mythology March, 2014 E. Edward Garvin, Editor What follows is a collection of excerpts from Greek literary sources in translation. The intent is to give students an overview of Greek mythology as expressed by the Greeks themselves. But any such collection is inherently flawed: the process of selection and abridgement produces a falsehood because both the narrative and meta-narrative are destroyed when the continuity of the composition is interrupted. Nevertheless, this seems the most expedient way to expose students to a wide range of primary source information. I have tried to keep my voice out of it as much as possible and will intervene as editor (in this Times New Roman font) only to give background or exegesis to the text. All of the texts in Goudy Old Style are excerpts from Greek or Latin texts (primary sources) that have been translated into English. Ancient Texts In the field of Classics, we refer to texts by Author, name of the book, book number, chapter number and line number.1 Every text, regardless of language, uses the same numbering system. Homer’s Iliad, for example, is divided into 24 books and the lines in each book are numbered. Hesiod’s Theogony is much shorter so no book divisions are necessary but the lines are numbered. Below is an example from Homer’s Iliad, Book One, showing the English translation on the left and the Greek original on the right. When citing this text we might say that Achilles is first mentioned by Homer in Iliad 1.7 (i.7 is also acceptable).
    [Show full text]