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Water Shrew (Sorex Palustris)

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Water Shrew (Sorex Palustris) Mammals This section provides information on the life history, track cast (R. Downing, personal communication) war- distribution, and habitat associations of terrestrial mam- rant its inclusion here. We have omitted the beach vole mals in New England. Nomenclature follows the Revised (Microtus breweri) which only inhabits Muskeget Island, checklist of North American mammals north of Mexico, Massachusetts. 1982 (Jones et al. 1982). This checklist is the standard reference used by the American Society of Mammalo- The relationships of New England mammals to forest gists. Species are arranged in phylogenetic order habitats are not understood as well as those of birds. For some species, life history and distribution data are lack- We have included the mountain lion (Felis con- ing, particularly for bats and shrews. For such species, color), which many consider to be extirpated from the this compilation must be regarded as a starting point. Northeastern United States and adjacent Canada; how- From a habitat structure or classification standpoint, ever, many unconfirmed sightings and one confirmed mammals have not been studied as thoroughly as have birds. Species List Marsupialia Cricetidae Didelphidae Deer Mouse (Peromyscusmaniculafus) .....431 Virginia Opossum (Didelphis virginiana) ...400 White-footed Mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) . 432 Southern Red-backed Vole (Clethrionom ys Insectivora gapperi) .............................433 Soricidae Meadow Vole (Microfuspennsylvanicus) ...434 Masked Shrew (Sorexcinereus) ......401 Rock Vole (Microtus chroforrhinus) ........435 Water Shrew (Sorex palustris) .......402 Woodland Vole (Microfuspinetorum) ......436 Smoky Shrew (Sorex fumeus) .......403 Muskrat (Ondafra zibethicus) .............437 Long-tailed Shrew (Sorex dispar) .....404 Southern Bog Lemming (Synapfomys Pygmy Shrew (Sorex hoyi) .........405 cooperi) .............................438 Northern short-tailed Shrew Northern Bog Lemming (Synaptomys (Blarina brevicauda) ...........406 borealis) ............................439 Least Shrew (Cryptofis parva) .......407 Talpidae Muridae Hairy-tailed Mole (Parascalops breweri) ....408 Norway Rat (Raftusnorvegicus) ...........440 Eastern Mole (Scalopus aquaficus) ........409 House Mouse (Mus musculus) .............441 Star-nosed Mole (Condylura crisfafa) ......410 Zapodidae Meadow Jumping Mouse (Zapus hudsonius) .442 Chiroptera Woodland Jumpinq Mouse Vespertilionidae (Napaeozapus insignis) ................443 Little Brown Myotis (Myofis lucifugus) ......411 Keen's Myotis (Myofis keenii) ............. 412 Erethizontidae Indiana Myotis (Myofis sodaljs) ............4 13 Porcupine (Erefhizon dorsatum) ...........444 Small-footed Myotis (Myotisleibii) .........4 14 Silver-haired Bat Carnivora (Lasion ycferis nocfivagans) .............415 Canidae Eastern Pipistrelle (Pipisfrellus subflavus) ...4 16 Coyote (Canis latrans) ...................445 Big Brown Bat (Epfesicus fuscus) ..........4 17 Red Fox ( Vulpes vulpes) .................446 Red Bat (Lasiurus borealis) ...............4 18 Gray Fox (Urocyon cinereoargenfeus) .....447 Hoary Bat (Lasiurus cinereus) ............4 19 Ursidae Lagomorpha Black Bear (Ursus americanus) ...........448 Leporidae Eastern Cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus) ...420 Procyonidae New England Cottontail (Sylvilagus Raccoon (Procyon lotor) .................449 transitionalis) ........................42 1 Snowshoe Hare (Lepus americanus) .......422 Mustelidae European Hare (Lepus capensis)) .........423 Marten (Marfes americana) ...............450 Fisher (Marfespennanfi) .................451 Ermine (Musfela erminea) ................452 Rodentia Long-tailed Weasel (Musfela frenafa) ......453 Sciuridae Mink (Musfela vison) ....................454 Eastern Chipmunk (Tamiassfriatus) .......424 Striped Skunk (Mephitis mephitis) ......... 455 Woodchuck (Marmofa monax) ............425 River Otter (Lutra canadensis) ............456 Gray Squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) .......426 Red Squirrel ( Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) ....427 Felidae Southern Flying Squirrel Mountain Lion (Felis concolor) ............457 (Glaucomys volans) ....................428 Lynx (Felis lynx) ........................ 458 Northern Flying Squirrel (Glaucomys Bobcat (Felis rufus) .....................459 sabrinus) ............................429 Artiodactyla Cervidae Castoridae White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) .460 Beaver (Casfor canadensis) ..............430 Moose (Alces alces) .....................461 SPECIES OCCURRENCE AND UTILIZATION, BY HABITAT FORESTED SPECIES Special habitat needs Virginia Opossum Log or tree cavity Didelphis virginiana - -- Masked Shrew Damp woodlands, ground cover Sorex crnereus Water Shrew Herbaceous cover, cold-water Sorex palustris wetlands. Smoky Shrew Loose damp leaf litter. Sorex furneus Long-tailed Shrew Rocky, wooded sites. Sorex dispar Pygmy Shrew Moist leaf mold near water. Sorex hoyi Northern Short.tailed Shrew Low vegetation, damp, loose leaf Blarina brevicauda litter Least Shrew Loose soil Cryptoris parva Hairy-tailed Mole Loose. moist. well-drained soil. Parascalops breweri Eastern Mole Soft, moist soils containing Scalopus aquaticus earthworms. Star-nosed Mole Wet muck, humus Condylura cristala Females: dark, warm sites for L~ttleBrown Myotis 1 maternity colonies. Forest ~~otis~ucrfugus i openings for feeding. Caves, mine shafts with Keen's Myotis temperatures near 40'F: high i Myotis keenii relative humidity and calm air. I WF 1 Caves for hibernation cool Indiana Myotis stable temperature Oi40- (0 46'F Myotis soaalis thru winter. A W F I p?0 , , piI Small-footed Myotis Myotis leibll I I Silver-haired Bat Dead trees with loose bark or Lasionycteris noctivagans cavities; streams. I- I Eastern Pipistrelle Pipistrellus subflavus hibernation, open woods. Big Brown Bat Cold, dry areas of caves or Eptesicus fuscus buildings for hibernation. Red Bat Deciduous trees on forest edges Lasiurus borealis for roosting. I i Hoary bat Edges of coniferous forests. Lasiurus cinereus Brush piles, stone walls. dens or Eastern Cottontail I dmM##1 burrows; herbaceous and shrubby Sylvilagus flor~danus New England Cottontail Young woodlands with thick Sylvilagus transitionalis cover. - *see matrix for nonforested types JMSS StL SSpStL Lepus arnericanus European Hare Fields. meadows. Lepus capensrs 1 elevated perches, logs W F Woodchuck Open land Marmora monax Gray Squirrel Tall trees for dens or leafnests. Sciurus carolinensis Red Squirrel Woodlands with mature trees, Tarniasciurus hudsonicus conifers preferred Southern Flying Squirrel Mature woodland with cavity trees: favors cavities with Glaucomys volans entrance diameters of 1.6 to 2 in. Northern Flying Squirrel Mature trees. cavities for winter Glaucomys sabrinus dens; arboreal lichens. Beaver Woodland streams. lack of Castor canadensis disturbance. Deer Mouse Northern hardwoods or northern Peromyscus rnaniculatus coniferous forests. White-footed Mouse Peromyscus leucopus SPECIES Special habitat needs Gray Fox Hollow logs. tree cavities. rock Urocyon cinereoargenteus crevices. Black Bear Fallen trees, hollow logs. rock Ursus amencanus ledges, slash piles. Hollow trees. dens usually Raccoon located 10 ft. or more above Procyon lotor ground. Marten Hollow trees. logs. Martes americana Fisher Hollow trees, logs Martes pennanti Ermine Dense brushy cover slash Mustela erminea Longtailed Weasel Mustela frenata Mink Hollow logs. natural cavities. Mustela vison under tree roots, riparian habitat. Striped Skunk Meph~tismephitis River Otter Body of water such as stream. Lutra canadensis pond, lake. river Mountain Lion Seclusion; deer Felis concolor SPECIES OCCURRENCE AND UTILIZATION. BY HABITAT NONFORESTED Terrestrial Other "-1 "-1 Wetland/Deep Water Special habitat SPECIES needs rD Virginia Opossum Hollow log or tree cavlly Didelphis virginiana Masked Shrew Damp woodlands, ground cover. Sorex cinereus I i Water Shrew Herbaceous cover. cold water Sorex palustris wetlands. I I Smoky Shrew Loose damp leaf litter I I Sorex fumeus Special habitat needs Terrestrial ep Water Other Palustrine I Riverine Special habitat SPECIES needs Snowshoe Hare Dense brushy or softwood cover. Lepus americanus European Hare Fields. meadows Lepus capensis Eastern Chipmunk Tree or shrub cover, elevated Tamias striatus perches, logs. Woodchuck Open or semi-open country. Marrnota monax Gray Squirrel Tall trees for dens or leafnests. Sciurus carolinensrs Red Squirrel Woodlands with mature trees. Tamiasciurus hudsonicus Conifers preferred. Mature woodland with cavity trees; 'Outhern Flying Squirrel favors cavities with entrance Glaucomys volans diameters of 1.6 to 2 in. ~~nh~~~~l~i~gsquirrel Mature trees. cavities for winter Glaucomys sabrinus dens; arboreal l~chens. Beaver Woodland streams, lack of Castor canadensis disturbance. Deer Mouse Northern hardwoods or northern Perornyscus maniculatus coniferous forests. White-footed Mouse Perornyscus leucopus Terrestrial I Wetland/Deew Water I Other I - Rive Special habitat needs Southern Red-backed Vole Springs, brooks. seeps. bogs: Clethrionomys gapperi debris or slash cover. Meadow Vole Herbaceous vegetation, loose Microtus pennsylvanicus organic soils. Rock vole Cool, moist, rocky woodlands Microtus chrotorrhinus with herbaceous ground cover and flowing water. Woodland Vole Ground cover of leaves or grass; Microtus pinetorum moist to well-drained solls. Muskrat Wetlands with dense emergent Ondatra zibefhicus vegetation: stable water level Southern Bog Lemming Moist soils Synaptomys cooperr Northern Bog Lemming Moist
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