QuarterlyQuarterly NewsletterNewsletter (Sustainable Management of Land & Water Resources (HablehRoud ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﺧﺎﻙ (ﺣﺒﻠﻪ ﺭﻭﺩ) Ministry of Jahad-e-Agriculture ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﺟﻬﺎﺩ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ Forests, Range, and Watershed Management Organization of ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻬﺎ، ﻣﺮﺍﺗﻊ ﻭ ﺁﺑﺨﻴﺰﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ Deputy for Watershed Management 16 ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻧﺖ ﺁﺑﺨﻴﺰﺩﺍﺭﻱ Spring 2012 ﺑﻬﺎﺭ 139116 IN THE NAME OF GOD

ﺳﺨﻦ ﻧﺨﺴﺖ Achieving local knowledge will strengthen the basic infrastructure of sustainable development in two major ways: ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﺑﻮﻣﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺷﺎﻟﻮﺩﻩ ﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﻣﻰ ﻛﻨﺪ: On the one hand, local knowledge is the consequence of thousands of years of trial and error learning process and ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻮ، ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﺑﻮﻣﻰ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﻳﺎﺩﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻭ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺧﻄﺎﻯ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻳﻚ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ experience of a community in relation to their environment .Clearly, this knowledge describes human community ﭘﻴﺮﺍﻣﻮﻥ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺑﺪﻳﻬﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻛﻨﺶ ﻭ ﻭﺍﻛﻨﺶ ﮔﺮﻭﻫﻬﺎﻯ ﺟﻤﺎﻋﺖ ﺑﺸﺮﻯ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺁﻳﻴﻨﻪ interaction with nature, and features climate and natural properties of plants and animals in a region and their ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻧﻤﺎﻯ ﺍﺯ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻴﻬﺎﻯ ﺍﻗﻠﻴﻤﻰ ﻭ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻰ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻰ ﻭ ﺟﺎﻧﻮﺭﻯ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮ، ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻭ interactions with each other and human groups, having ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻰ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻰ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﺭﺯﺷﻤﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻴﭻ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻯ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ valuable information, we will be informed of vast realm of nature, predict the relationship between its elements and ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ، ﻣﻰ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﻭ ﻋﺮﺻﺔ ﻭﺳﻴﻊ ﺗﻨﻮﻉ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻰ ﻣﻄﻠﻊ ﺷﺪ، ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻯ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻰ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪﺍﻧﻪ take advantage of its hidden power in a manner that its balance be maintained and needs of the living human society ﺍﺯ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻯ ﻧﻬﻔﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩ، ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮﻯ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻢ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺍﻯ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻫﻢ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻫﺎﻯ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻰ be provided .On the other hand , in addition to the valuable information hidden in local knowledge , epistemology ﺳﺎﻛﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ. ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ، ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﺭﺯﺷﻤﻨﺪ ﻧﻬﻔﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﺑﻮﻣﻰ، «ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻰ» ﺑﻮﻣﻴﺎﻥ of local people will strengthen their relationship with experts and this issue will be possible through profound ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﻣﺤﻠﻰ ﺭﺍ ﻗﻮﺍﻡ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﺨﺸﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻋﻤﻴﻖ ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﺑﻮﻣﻰ ﻭ ﺁﺷﻨﺎﻳﻰ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺑﺎ analysis of local knowledge and close familiarity with the style of approach and epistemology of local people and ﺷﻴﻮﻩ ﻧﮕﺮﺵ ﻭ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻰ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﻣﺤﻠﻰ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺴﺮ ﻣﻰ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﺷﻜﺎﻑ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻴﻖ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﮕﺮﺍﻥ the large gap between experts , researchers and rural people will also be amended.(Amiri Ardakani & Shaahvali ﺑﺎ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻢ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ. (ﺍﻣﻴﺮﻯ ﺍﺭﺩﻛﺎﻧﻰ ﻭ ﺷﺎﻩ ﻭﻟﻰ، 1378). ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻭﺱ ﻣﻬﻤﻰ ﻛﻪ ”One of the most important experiences learned by researchers is the importance of “systematic approach .(1999, ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﺑﻮﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺁﻣﻮﺧﺘﻪ ﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ «ﻧﮕﺮﺵ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻰ» ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎ ﻫﻤﻪ ﭼﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ to environment. In the village, everything is concerned to each other and the rural provides his life considering ﻫﻢ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎﻳﻰ ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻣﻬﻴﺎﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺳﺎﻧﻰ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻛﻢ -what prepared and easily obtainable with low cost is. According to this order, local knowledge research in develop ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺣﺼﻮﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ، ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻰ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻰ ﻛﻨﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺳﻴﺎﻕ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﺑﻮﻣﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ .ing countries should be a part of integrated system of development to be applied for solving the rural problems ﻧﺎﮔﺰﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺨﺸﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻣﻨﺴﺠﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﻞ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎﻳﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ. «ﻧﮕﺮﺵ systematic approach “ of researchers to local knowledge and its application in sustainable development requires“ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻰ» ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﺑﻮﻣﻰ ﻭﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺏ ﻣﻰ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎﻯ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﻰ ﺍﺯ ,that research activities do not start from a “good” (rice, wheat, cow, sheep…) or a method of agricultural, ranching ﻳﻚ «ﻛﺎﻻ» (ﺑﺮﻧﺞ، ﮔﻨﺪﻡ، ﮔﺎﻭ ﻭ ﮔﻮﺳﻔﻨﺪ….) ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺭﺯﺷﻬﺎﻯ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﻰ، ﺩﺍﻣﺪﺍﺭﻯ، ﺁﺑﺨﻴﺰﺩﺍﺭﻯ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻩ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﻧﺸﻮﺩ ﺑﻠﻜﻪ watershed management ,etc values ,but involves the whole village and its social, economic and cultural relations ﻛﻞ ﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻰ، ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻯ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻰ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻧﻴﺎﻯ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﮔﻴﺮﺩ. (ﻓﺮﻫﺎﺩﻯ، with outside.(Farhadi 2001). (1380

Quarterly Newsletter ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺧﺒﺮﻱ Watershed Planning & Coordination Office ﺩﻓﺘﺮ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺭﻳﺰﻯ ﻭ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﻰ ﺁﺑﺨﻴﺰﺩﺍﺭﻯ Prepared by : Management of hablehroud ﮔﺮﺩﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ: ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺣﺒﻠﻪ ﺭﻭﺩ Address: Forest, Range and Watershed Management Organisation, ﺁﺩﺭﺱ: ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ- ﺑﻠﻮﺍﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺶ- ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﻨﻰ ﺳﻴﺘﻰ – ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻬﺎ، ﻣﺮﺍﺗﻊ ﻭ ﺁﺑﺨﻴﺰﺩﺍﺭﻯ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ Artesh Blvd, , P.O. Box :1955756113 Tel&Fax: 22488572 ﻛﺪ ﭘﺴﺘﻰ: 1955756113 ﺗﻠﻔﻦ ﻭ ﻧﻤﺎﺑﺮ:22488572

Front Cover picture: ﻋﻜﺲ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺟﻠﺪ: sediment retention dam of Siahroud Dam ﺑﻨﺪ ﺭﺳﻮﺏ ﮔﻴﺮ ﺳﺪ ﺳﻴﺎﻫﺮﻭﺩ Design & Print by : Pooneh Publishing ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻰ ﻭ ﭼﺎپ: ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﭘﻮﻧﻪ Main activities The main activities performed during Spring 2012 are item project place as follow: 1 Production of documentary film Plan area from sustainable management of Documentation: land & water resources of Hablehroud Plan ‹‹‹ Hablehroud logo was designed by Nashr-e-Omran 2 Holding training, promotion Eyvanki- Consultant and approved. workshop for bee keepers Rameh 3 Holding training, promotion Rameh Plant workshop for beneficiaries of Management byproducts 4 Annual Irrigation ,planting of desert Garmsar (Makrosh) 5 Performing the project of Pasture Semnan Energy Human grazing management ( Abdollah abad)

Land Water

Sustainable Management of Land & water Resources

‹‹‹ Editing and updating of Hablehroud website information ‹‹‹ Issuing the 15th quaterly newsletter and sending to the relevant offices and authorities

Annual Irrigation ,planting of desert Makrosh-Garmsar

Vermicompost Production ‹‹‹ For the purpose of sustainable management of land & water resources plan (Hableh roud) in 2010, the theoretical & practical training workshop of production of vermicompost in Semnan was held by presence of farmers & gardeners that after ending the course, some farmers launched a website for vermicompost produc- tion regarding the acquired power and available potentials,Mr.Gerami Nasab performed this by his personal cost and now he can work as an instructor and facilitator for other farmers regarding his scientific information and practical experiences .To achieve this phase he encounters some problems as follow : Performance measures for the comprehen- ‹‹‹ -Lack of financial support by relative bodies sive management of public participation ‹‹‹ -Lack of marketing, lack of knowledge about the product, shortage of water,………. Tehran Province ‹‹‹ Renovation of Gabioni dam in the area of Marzdaran – Firouzkouh

Quartely Newsletter No.16 Spring 2012 ‹‹‹ ‹‹‹ 3 News ‹‹‹ During the intersection & ultra section coordination ,familiarity of Firouzkouh officials with the first phase ‹‹‹ On 13/05/2012 a meeting was held in Tehran and achievements , the performance requirements of the Semnan provinces by presence of Mr.Garshasbi,Deputy second phase and the aims of the project in the new of national director of Hableh Roud plan, Mr.Aghighi , phase and assessed indicators at the end of the General Manager of Planning and coordination office project, on 30/04/2012 a meeting was held by the ,Mr.Mohammadi ,Executice director of Hableh Roud and presence of governor general ,the managers of related Mr. Tabbakhi ,assistant of Tehran watershed manage- offices with the experts and the experts of the research ment and experts and those involved in the plan. First, center of ( Tehran University ICDS) Institute of Develop- Mr. Mohammadi , while introducing the attendants, ment Studies, University Jihad as the project consult- explained the conditions of development of strategic ant , in Hableh Roud headquarter in natural resources document and the phases, and Mrs. Karimipour and waterhed management offices in Firouzkouh. described the comments of Mr.Mark John Sted , Senior consultant, that was prepared in power point and gave explanations on the integrated viewpoints of developing group and senior counselor of the project and expressed the work plan of 2012 and funds.Mr.Garshasbi asked for special consideration to inter sections coordination and presented the project logo at the end of the meeting. ‹‹‹ For the purpose of intersection and ultra section coordination ,a meeting was held on 13/05/2012 in Damavand governor’s office by the presence of Dama- vand governor and Dr.Ramin , member of Islamic Parliament and other offices related to HablehRoud project and headquarters’ authorities and Tehran ‹‹‹ Participation of Hableh Roud experts in Microsoft province.The governor general , while speaking of the project workshop held by Menarid project achievements during first phase of Hableh Roud project and welcoming to attendants, stated that the aim of the meeting was to coordinate between related bodies and organizations .Mr.Tabbakhi stated that the final goal of the project is to present an Iranian model to extend to other parts of the country and described the success of Hableh Roud project as a result of special approach of the Governor General and also asked for the use of provincial funds to achieve the aims of the project. Mr.Mohammadi, executive director of Hableh Roud project, while explaining about the first phase of the project , expressed the coordination of the people as one of the most important achievements.

Quartely Newsletter No.16 Spring 2012‹‹‹ ‹‹‹ 4 This will cause the movement of sediments from upper Report parts and rising of bottom of the river due to transferring a great volume of the water to the lands around the village and will cause great damages to the lands and Training courses in Tehran Pilot the existing products. For the purpose of familiarity with the aims of the project and the concept of cooperation in new phase with the beneficiaries of the aimed villages, some training courses were held in new pilots. a) Mazdaran pilot villages 1- Atashaan: Considering the Matrix table of pair for prioritizing the problems, the main existing problem in Atashan village is flood and its damages. 2- Anzaha village: Considering the Matrix table of pair for prioritizing the problems, the main problem of the rural is lack of appro- priate facilities and health care. According to residents, there is no doctor even in the weekends to treat the immigrants of the village .another problem is flood and its damages. 5- Mazdaran village: Considering the Matrix table of pair for prioritizing the problems, the most important problem in Mazdaran is small ownerships and flood. Due to the heritage that will be incumbent the heirs from the existing lands,the lands were gradually divided into smaller parts and now this endangers other affairs related to the village , in a manner that, as a plan is under under decision making & performance, the said problem will be overshadowed and its performing will be cancelled .

6- Harandeh village: Considering the Matrix table of pair for prioritizing the problems, the most important problem is the rurals’ low level of income. Another priority was the status of agricul- tural water after exploiting the Namroud dam on upper 3- Mahabaad village: parts. they stated that if a plan for providing water of Considering the Matrix table of pair for prioritizing the village is not prepared, this would be another difficulty in problems, the most important problem is pollution of the such bad agricultural situation for rurals. river. It should be mentioned that in Firouzkouh there is no sewage system and its pollution enters directly to the b) Delichay Pilot villages river and will be moved to down villages including 1- Momaj village: Mahabaad. Considering the Matrix table of pair for prioritizing the problems, the major problem is the access road and lack 4- Khomdeh village: of reforming on the surface of the river. In the past the Considering the Matrix table of pair for prioritizing the flood carried the trashes and branches and leaves on its problems, the most important problem was to seize the way and now its severity have resulted in raising the Khamdeh mineral water spring by Sepah. They stated bottom of the river and the flood will be drawn to the that if the rural be in charge of its maintenance and use, lands and will lead to destroying them. Another problem it will directly cause the engagement of the youth and is the costs of covering the trashes and its place. Accord- construction of resorts and the accommodation of the ing to rurals , the place for covering the trashes is unsuit- passengers will be provided in this village .Due to lack of able .This place does not have the appropriate condi- allocated facilities and controlling the water, they will tions for covering and preventing the pollution seepage encounter the flood in cold and watery seasons. to the village , and they asked for allocating some

Quartely Newsletter No.16 Spring 2012‹‹‹ ‹‹‹ 5 national lands to do this. Another issue is the costs of The following points are necessary in planning and transferring the trashes to the place of covering. using the cooperative geographical information system: 1- The geographical information system should only be 2- Kalaak village: used if required and in a cooperative process. According to the rural, one of the most important 2- Collecting and publishing the information which is problems is the pollution of the water .It is polluted by the one of the most important parts of cooperative entering the waste water into it and unfortunately this planning process should be prior to technical aspects of water is used for drinking .The problem of constructed using the geographical information system. earth dam by natural resources office is one of the 3-like other cooperative processes, making decision priorities in the village. should be the aim of PGIS system, and collected informa- tion and its analysis should be applied in GIS system 3- Mashhad village: and facilitate the process of local communities‘decision According to the rural, there is no serious problem making . concerning land and water, but for the purpose of flood 4- Possessing the information and the way of its saving controlling they asked for constructing a Gabion dam in and identifying the person who can access to it, are the the first phase, Volak valley, located in the upper parts of important issues that should be considered in GIS Oil Co. and in the second, Gholveh Sangi valley in the planning. upper parts of the mine. 5- A framework and support system are required to collect the information from local communities and analyze them in GIS system and finally make it available to local communities .(Tripathi.N.Bhattrya.sh.2004)

Familiarity with the models and principles of partnership

What is cooperative geographical information system? Cooperative GIS is the integration of local knowledge and the viewpoints of beneficiaries in GIS. The benefi- ciaries should access to data base and outputs and the result of geographical information system and use it in planning of the resources management .In this regard, there are different terms including geographical informa- tion system,P.GIS. Partnership through geographical information system GIS.P- and community integrated GIS, but all of them are the same in principle and proce- dure. It should be mentioned that in partnership approaches, it is required to consider the difference and relation between the first beneficiaries (final beneficiar- ies including local communities and the poor) and second beneficiaries (cooperative institutions).Direct users, are generally the public and NGO’s but in coopera- tive geographical information system, it is required to plan the GIS in a manner that include the needs of local communities. Quartely Newsletter No.16 Spring 2012‹‹‹ ‹‹‹ 6