DOCSLIB.ORG

Çankaya University the Graduate School of Social Sciences English Literature and Cultural Studies

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Çankaya University the Graduate School of Social Sciences English Literature and Cultural Studies ÇANKAYA UNIVERSITY THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES ENGLISH LITERATURE AND CULTURAL STUDIES HEGEMONY, CLASS ANTAGONISM AND CAPITALIST POLICIES IN HIGHER EDUCATION: POST-WAR CAMPUS NOVELS BY KINGSLEY AMIS, MALCOLM BRADBURY AND DAVID LODGE PhD Dissertation Sibel ERBAYRAKTAR JUNE, 2018 ABSTRACT HEGEMONY, CLASS ANTAGONISM AND CAPITALIST POLICIES IN HIGHER EDUCATION: POST-WAR CAMPUS NOVELS BY KINGSLEY AMIS, MALCOLM BRADBURY AND DAVID LODGE ERBAYRAKTAR, SİBEL Department of English Literature and Cultural Studies Ph. D. Dissertation Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Özlem Uzundemir June. 2018, 246 Pages This study aims at analysing six post-war campus novels Lucky Jim (1954) by Kingsley Amis, Eating People is Wrong (1959) and History Man (1975) by Malcolm Bradbury as well as David Lodge’s campus trilogy consisting of Changing Places (1975), Small World (1984) and Nice Work (1988) within the framework of post-war class dynamics and hegemonic power relationships among academics. Based on the analyses, it is concluded that the books touch upon many dysfunctional aspects of higher education with direct and indirect references to the education policies of the time and the penetration of the capitalist ideology into the universities. The education acts, reports, procedures, as well as the governmental stance in each period will be examined in relation to how socio-political dynamics is criticised in the novels. Within these discussions, the theories of Antonio Gramsci, Louis Althusser, Raymond Williams, Pierre Bourdieu, T.S Eliot and Michael Young will be utilized. In each novel, the residues of the old class-based system in English academia, hegemony resulting from class antagonism, and capitalist competition will be the focus together with carnivalesque elements, such as excessive drinking and sexual affairs at the parties. The first novel, Lucky Jim, narrates the struggle of a lower-class academic, who tries to secure his position at a provincial university in England. However, he is excluded from the academic circle in various forms specifically by the bourgeois iv academics who find his manners vulgar. His reaction to culture and art is tested by the upper class whose sophistication and intellectuality are already suspicious because of their pretentious attitudes. His senior, professor Ned Welch also abuses Jim Dixon by assigning him all the petty and boring works at the department; thus, building a hegemonic pressure upon him using his seniority and prestige. Malcolm Bradbury’s Eating People is Wrong which is again a novel from the fifties, deals with a very similar case, the exclusion of lower-class humanities professor, Treece, and one of his undergraduate students, Louis Bates, by the upper- class academics at his university. Starting from the seventies, the rise of a lower-class academic in Bradbury’s History Man connotes that lower-class move up the social ladder via education, yet goes through a painful process in which he sometimes loses his organic ties with his own class by imitating the life style of bourgeoisie. The implication that the lower-class feel stuck between their working-class origins and bourgeois luxuries goes on in David Lodge’s Trilogy with characters who display similar hesitant attitudes in defending egalitarian philosophy but adapting a bourgeois life style. Within the discussion of meritocracy, the lower-class academics in David Lodge’s trilogy try to rise up the social scale through education. A common observation in all novels is that since majority of academics who find the prestigious positions at universities have already got the necessary network and educational background, the skilful candidates from lower class cannot find equal opportunities of employment at universities. The post-war campus novels, which are mainly considered as satirical and light comedies of their time, are specifically chosen for this study to exemplify the problems of the academics such as low-salaries, rivalry, hegemony and the exploitation of their labour power. The books also picture the conditions of post-war provincial universities, which welcome lower classes or financially disadvantaged individuals. However, it is observed in the novels that these universities cannot resist against capitalisation in higher education, and start to get smaller by losing their funds and members in time. Briefly, universities in England witnessed drastic economic and social changes during the post-war period, and the campus novels selected for this study include subtle criticisms of the fluctuations in higher education. Keywords: Campus novels, hegemony, class antagonism, capitalist ideology, academia v ÖZ KINGSLEY AMIS, MALCOLM BRADBURY VE DAVID LODGE’UN KAMPÜS ROMANLARINDA HEGEMONYA, SINIF ÇATIŞMASI VE KAPİTALİST POLİTİKALAR ERBAYRAKTAR, SİBEL İngiliz Edebiyatı ve Kültür İncelemeleri Doktora Tezi Danışman: Doç. Dr. Özlem Uzundemir Haziran 2018, 246 Sayfa Bu çalışma Kingsley Amis’in Şanslı Jim, Malcolm Bradbury’nin İnsanları Yemek Yanlıştır (1958) ve Tarih Adam (1975) ile David Lodge’un Yerleri Değiştirme (1975), Dünya Küçük (1984) ve İyi İş (1988) romanlarından oluşan kampüs üçlemesini, İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonrası akademisyenler arasındaki sınıf dinamikleri ve güç ilişkileri çerçevesinde incelemeyi hedeflemektedir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, dönemin eğitim politikaları ve kapitalist ideolojinin üniversitelere sirayet edişi romanlardaki örneklerle tartışılacaktır. Her dönemin eğitim politikaları, raporları ve hükümet kararlarının yanısıra Antonio Gramsci, Louis Althusser, Raymond Williams, Pierre Bourdieu, T.S Eliot ve Michael Young gibi düşünürlerin fikir ve kuramlarından yararlanılacaktır. Romanlarda temel olarak, eski sınıf kökenli sistemin kalıntıları, sınıf ayrımından kaynaklanan hegemonya, kapitalist rekabet ortamı ve bölüm partilerinde ortaya çıkan karnaval ögeler işlenecektir. İlk roman olan Lucky Jim’de İngiltere’de yerel bir üniversitede akademik pozisyonunu güvence altına almaya çabalayan alt sınıfa ait bir akademisyenin mücadelesini anlatmaktadır. Lakin kendisi tavırlarını kaba bulan üst sınıftan olan akademisyenler tarafından akademiden farklı yöntemlerle dışlanmaktadır. Jim Dixon’ın kültür ve sanata olan ilgisi, entellektüel görünmeye çalışan üst sınıf tarafından sürekli sorgulanmaktadır. Yöneticisi konumundaki Ned Welch bölümdeki vi tüm gereksiz ve sıkıcı işleri Jim’e yükleyerek onun emeğini de sömürmekte ve bu şekilde konumunu kullanarak Jim üzerinde baskı kurmaktadır. Malcolm Bradbury’nin aynı dönemde yazılmış olan Eating People is Wrong romanı da çok benzer bir konuyu, alt sınıftan bir insani bilimler profesörü, Treece, ile Louis Bates adlı öğrencisinin, akademiden dışlanma sürecini işlemektedir. Yetmişli yıllardan itibaren, Malcom Bradbury’nin History Man romanında bulunan alt sınıf akademisyenin yükselişi, eğitim sayesinde sosyal sınıf olarak ilerleyebilme ihtimalini işaret eder. Ancak alt sınıf akademisyenin bu uğurda eleştirdiği burjuva sınıfını taklit edip kendi sınıfı ile olan organik bağını kaybettiği sancılı süreci de anlatır. Alt sınıf akademisyenin kendi sınıfı ile burjuva sınıfı arasında sıkışmış hissetmesi David Lodge’un kampüs üçlemesinde de bulunmaktadır. Lodge’un romanlarında eşitlikçi yaşamı savunduğu halde burjuva lüks yaşantısını benimseyen akademisyen portreleri yer almaktadır. Üniversitede saygın pozisyonlar edinen akademisyenlerin çoğunun zaten gerekli bağlantı ve eğitim alt yapısına sahip olması nedeniyle, alt sınıfa mensup yetenekli adayların üniversitelerde istihdamı hususunda eşit fırsat yakalayamamaktadır. Genellikle hafif komedi ve hiciv olarak incelenen savaş sonrası kampüs romanları bu çalışma için özellikle seçilmiş ve romanların dönemin sosyo-politik dinamiklerine doğrudan veya dolaylı göndermeler yaparak yükseköğretimin aksayan birçok yönüne yer verdiği tespit edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda romanlar akademisyenlerin aldığı düşük maaş, birbirleri arasındaki rekabet, hegemonya ve emek sömürüsü gibi sorunları dile getirmektedir. Eserler ayrıca savaş sonrası kurulan alt sınıfa ve maddi açıdan dezavantajlı bireylere kucak açan yerel İngiliz üniversitelerinin koşullarını da anlatmaktadır. Bu kampüsler yükseköğretimin genişleme ve yaygınlaşmasına temel sağlamıştır ancak romanlarda sözü edildiği gibi bu üniversiteler yükseköğretimin ticarileşme sürecine direnememiş ve zaman içerisinde ödeneklerini ve hocalarını kaybedip küçülmeye başlamıştır. Özetle, İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonrasında İngiliz üniversiteleri köklü sosyal ve ekonomik değişimlere şahit olmuştur ve bu çalışma için seçilen kampüs romanları yükseköğretimdeki bu dalgalanmaların eleştirisini içermektedir. Anahtar sözcükler: Kampüs romanları, hegemonya, sınıf çatışması, kapitalist ideoloji, akademi. vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my dear thesis advisor Assoc. Prof. Dr Özlem Uzundemir for her invaluable guidance, warm support and strong motivation throughout this study without which I could have never completed this dissertation. I would also extend my gratitude to Prof.Dr Aytül Özüm and Dr. Berkem Sağlam for their valuable feedback during thesis progression meetings. I also would like to thank the external jury members who contributed to my thesis by accepting to attend my final jury. My sincere thanks are to my family who are always beside me, and supported me whenever I lose my patience or motivation. My little daughter Dila Ada Erbayraktar made the biggest sacrifice during the process by waiting her mother patiently when she needs to study for this dissertation. Finally, I am grateful to my mother who
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Post-War English Literature 1945-1990
    Post-War English Literature 1945-1990 Sara Martín Alegre P08/04540/02135 © FUOC • P08/04540/02135 Post-War English Literature 1945-1990 Index Introduction............................................................................................... 5 Objectives..................................................................................................... 7 1. Literature 1945-1990: cultural context........................................ 9 1.1. The book market in Britain ........................................................ 9 1.2. The relationship between Literature and the universities .......... 10 1.3. Adaptations of literary works for television and the cinema ...... 11 1.4. The minorities in English Literature: women and post-colonial writers .................................................................... 12 2. The English Novel 1945-1990.......................................................... 14 2.1. Traditionalism: between the past and the present ..................... 15 2.2. Fantasy, realism and experimentalism ........................................ 16 2.3. The post-modern novel .............................................................. 18 3. Drama in England 1945-1990......................................................... 21 3.1. West End theatre and the new English drama ........................... 21 3.2. Absurdist drama and social and political drama ........................ 22 3.3. New theatre companies and the Arts Council ............................ 23 3.4. Theatre from the mid-1960s onwards .......................................
    [Show full text]
  • A Look Back at Osborne Graham Martin
    Universities & Left Review 7 Autumn 1959 A Look Back At Osborne Graham Martin "Why should I care?"—Archie Rice in THE ENTERTAINER ask the wrong question. "Osborne is certainly one of the most brilliant of our young writers, but I can't help feel- THE dates of the first productions of Look Back In ing : has he really got it in him to create a complete work Anger and The Entertainer span almost exactly twelve of dramatic art. Scenes, yes, of original power and effec- months: May, 1956, to April, 1957; without question, a tiveness, but that's not quite enough, don't you see? for watershed year. How does Osborne fit in? Does he fit serious artistic consideration. Sociologically fascinating, in? or is his connection with the politics and culture of of course, an angry Coward so to speak. I hope his next that particular annus mirabilis merely chronological? That play really does the trick. I'd like to be convinced." I.e. is the question I want to explore. What follows is not beta-plus-query, and try next year for your alpha. The meant to be a full account of his plays, his other ventures, second view, more subtle than this, is that of the social- or his influence. On the other hand, any account which realist. The principle here was to butter the man up, not ignores this question is likely to miss the mark of his with a faint but with misleading praise. "Osborne is the importance. truly significant writer of our time. His plays reflect the Krushchev's remark about the Hungarian writers ("I'd significant social and political stresses of the contemporary have had a few of them shot") argues at least a serious view scene." Of course, this looks pretty good, the exact opposite of culture; one which may be thought to reflect upon the of the formalist view.
    [Show full text]
  • UNIVERZITA PALACKÉHO V OLOMOUCI Pedagogická Fakulta
    UNIVERZITA PALACKÉHO V OLOMOUCI Pedagogická fakulta Ústav cizích jazyků Hana Štefanová II. ročník - kombinované studium Obor: Učitelství anglického jazyka pro 2. stupeň základních škol Učitelství přírodopisu pro 2. stupeň základních škol WHY WERE THE PEOPLE ANGRY? ANGRY YOUNG MEN AND BEATS Diplomová práce Vedoucí práce: Mgr. Petr Anténe, Ph.D. OLOMOUC 2017 Prohlašuji, že jsem diplomovou práci vypracovala samostatně s použitím jen uvedené literatury a internetových zdrojů. V Olomouci dne 31.5.2017 ........................................ podpis Acknowledgement I would like to thank Mgr. Petr Anténe, Ph.D. for his support, guidance and valuable advice. ABSTRACT This thesis deals with the situation in post-war Britain and its reflection in literary works of the group of writers commonly referred to as „Angry Young Men“. Emphasis is put on the society, its problems and disappointments. Several works are analysed to find the reasons for anger within the society. The thesis also investigates the situation in the United States of America and its influence on the writers of the literary movement called Beat Generation. The philosophy behind the Beat Generation is explained in order to understand their reasons for their revolt. CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION 7 1. Post-war Britain 8 1.1 Historical background 8 1.2 Social situation 10 2 Angry Young Men 12 2.1 John Osborne 14 2.1.1 Look Back in Anger 15 2.1.2 Analysis of Look Back in Anger 17 2.1.2.1 Act I 18 2.1.2.2 Act II 22 2.1.2.3 Act III 26 2.2 Kingsley Amis 28 2.2.1 Lucky Jim 28 2.2.2 Analysis of Lucky Jim 30 3 The United States of America in the 1950s 36 3.1 Historical background 37 3.2 Social situation 38 4 The Beat Generation 39 4.1 Beat Poetry 41 4.2 Jack Kerouac 42 4.2.1 On the Road 43 4.2.2 Analysis of On the Road 44 4.2.2.1 Part I 44 4.2.2.2 Part II 48 4.2.2.3 Part III 50 4.2.2.4 Part IV 53 4.2.2.5 Part V 55 4.3 Allen Ginsberg 56 4.3.1 Howl 58 4.3.2 Analysis of Howl 59 4.3.2.1 Part I 60 4.3.2.2 Part II 62 4.3.2.3 Part III 64 4.3.2.4 Footnote to Howl 65 5.
    [Show full text]
  • DOI: 10.1515/Genst-2017-0012 CLASS and GENDER
    DOI: 10.1515/genst-2017-0012 CLASS AND GENDER – THE REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN IN KINGSLEY AMIS’S LUCKY JIM MILICA RAĐENOVIĆ “Dr Lazar Vrkatić” Faculty of Law and Business Studies 76, Oslobodenjia Blvd 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia [email protected] Abstract: Lucky Jim is one of the novels that mark the beginning of a small subgenre of contemporary fiction called the campus novel. It was written and published in the 1950s, a period when more women and working-class people started attending universities. This paper analyses the representation of women in terms of their gender and class. Keywords: campus novel, class, gender. 1. Introduction After six years of war, Great Britain was hungry for change and craved a more egalitarian society. After the Labour Party came to power in July 1945 with a huge parliamentary majority, the new government started paving the way for a Welfare State, which involved the expansion of the system of social security, providing pensions, sickness and unemployment benefits, a free National Health Service, the funding and expansion of the 183 secondary school system, and giving poor children greater opportunity to attend universities. The Conservative Party returned to power in 1951 but did not make any changes to the measures that brought about the creation of the Welfare State (Davies 2000:51). Once a great world power turned to reshaping its society, in which the class system would become a thing of the past, its people believed that they were living in a country that was going through great changes (Brannigan 2002:3). The Education Act of 1944 was intended to open universities to everyone and thus expand the trend of educational opportunities to the less privileged in the society.
    [Show full text]
  • Harold Pinter: the Dramatist and His World
    Harold Pinter: The Dramatist and His World Background Nobel winner, Harold Pinter (1930- 2008) was born in London, England in a Jewish family. Some of the most recognizable features in his plays are the use of understatement, small talk, distance, and silence. These devices are employed to convey the substance of a character’s thoughts. At the outbreak of World War II, Pinter was evacuated from the city to Cornwall; to be wrenched from his parents was a traumatic event for Pinter. He lived with 26 other boys in a castle on the coast. At the age of 14, he returned to London. "The condition of being bombed has never left me," Pinter later said. At school one of Pinter's main intellectual interests was English literature, particularly poetry. He also read works of Franz Kafka and Ernest Hemingway, and started writing poetry for little magazines in his teens. The seeds of rebellion in Pinter could be spotted early on when he refused to do the National Service. As a young man, he studied acting at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art and the Central School of Speech and Drama, but soon left to undertake an acting career under the stage name David Baron. He travelled around Ireland in a Shakespearean company and spent years working in provincial repertory before deciding to turn his attention to playwriting. Pinter was married from 1956 to the actress Vivien Merchant. For a time, they lived in Notting Hill Gate in a slum. Eventually Pinter managed to borrow some money and move away. Although Pinter said in an interview in 1966, that he never has written any part for any actor, his wife Vivien frequently appeared in his plays.
    [Show full text]
  • The Amis Inheritance
    Martin Amis ­ Kingsley Amis ­ Writing and Writers ­ Books ­ Authors ... http://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/22/magazine/22amises.t.html?_r=1&o... April 22, 2007 The Amis Inheritance By CHARLES McGRATH Ben Jonson wrote: “Greatness of name in the father oft­times helps not forth, but overwhelms the son; they stand too near one another. The shadow kills the growth.” This Oedipal principle applies to all sorts of professions, but few more so than the literary one. It’s not unheard of for the child of an author to try his hand at writing. Stephen King’s two sons are writers, and so is one of John Updike’s. Hilma Wolitzer’s daughter Meg is a novelist, as is Anita Desai’s daughter Kiran, whose second book just won the Booker Prize — an award that has so far eluded her mother. But writers’ offspring tend to go into the family business with far less regularity than, say, the children of doctors or lawyers, and it seldom happens that over the long haul, and in the deepening shade, the younger equals or outstrips the elder — the way that Anthony Trollope, to take a famous example, bested his mother, Fanny. The exception these days is the curious writerly firm of Amis & Amis, founded by Kingsley, who died in 1995, and now run by his son Martin. Kingsley Amis, an indelible figure in British letters, is the subject of an immense and sympathetic new biography by Zachary Leader (published this month in the United States) that has already caused a stir in England both by reminding readers of how funny Kingsley could be and because of its frankness about his personal life.
    [Show full text]
  • Kingsley Amis's Criticism
    https://theses.gla.ac.uk/ Theses Digitisation: https://www.gla.ac.uk/myglasgow/research/enlighten/theses/digitisation/ This is a digitised version of the original print thesis. Copyright and moral rights for this work are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge This work cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Enlighten: Theses https://theses.gla.ac.uk/ [email protected] Agnieszka Ksiqzek The Communication of Culture: Kingsley Amis’s Criticism Submitted to the Faculty of Arts University of Glasgow for the degree of M.Phil. December 2000 ProQuest Number: 10647787 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uesL ProQuest 10647787 Published by ProQuest LLO (2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLO. ProQuest LLO. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.Q.
    [Show full text]
  • The Amises on Realism and Postmodernism
    The Amises on Realism and Postmodernism: Stanley and the Women (1984) and Money: A Suicide Note (1984) By Gavin Keulks When viewed as companion texts, or contemporaneous instances of revaluative critique, Kingsley Amis’s fifteenth novel, Stanley and the Women, and Martin’s fifth novel, Money: A Suicide Note illuminate two subjects hitherto unexamined in the Amis père et fils relationship: the Amises’ perspectives on postmodernism and their controversial portraits of women. Whereas Lucky Jim and The Rachel Papers situated the Amises in relation to their divergent forms of comedy, and whereas Ending Up and Dead Babies positioned them in relation to their satiric differences, Stanley and the Women and Money extended their confrontations into new generic territory, interrogating their opinions about the evolution of postmodernism and realism. A novel that explicitly rejects all forms of literary fabulation, Kingsley’s Stanley and the Women declares the validity of classically realistic protocol. A forum for Martin’s postmodernist leanings, Money subverts the narrative assumptions that inform Kingsley’s more traditional brand of social realism. Both novels, however, confront variations of literary tradition and patriarchy: one that is socio-political in nature, concerned with distinctions between patriarchy and misogyny, and one that is generic, or modal, concerned with the modal transformations within realism. While the Amises’ writings continued to reflect their engagement in a covert literary war, their dual 1984 texts featured an additional dynamic: whereas previous novels revealed Martin’s dedication to reworking his father’s texts and his literary authority, by 1984, Martin’s career had begun to eclipse his father’s.
    [Show full text]
  • Lucky Jim Free
    FREE LUCKY JIM PDF Kingsley Amis,David Lodge | 272 pages | 25 May 2000 | Penguin Books Ltd | 9780141182599 | English | London, United Kingdom Lucky Jim by James Hart Jim Dixon feels anything Lucky Jim lucky. At Lucky Jim university he has to do the bidding of absent-minded and boring Professor Welch to have Lucky Jim hope of keeping his job. Worse, he has managed to get For an enhanced browsing experience, get the IMDb app on your smartphone or tablet. Get the IMDb app. Opening credits prologue: A Redbrick University in Britain's new Elizabethan age: here are moulded the intellectual Drakes and Raleighs of tomorrow - fearless, independent - and state supported. As IMDb celebrates its 30th birthday, we have six shows to get you ready for those pivotal years of your life Get some streaming picks. Sign In. Available on Amazon. Critic Reviews. Photos Add Image. Ronald Cardew. Hugh Griffith. Kenneth Griffith. Ian Carmichael. Jeremy Hawk. Penny Morrell. John Cairney. Maureen Lucky Jim. Reginald Beckwith. Jean Anderson. Ian Wilson. Sharon Acker. Christine Callaghan. Clive Morton. Sir Hector Gore-Urquhart. Director: Lucky Jim Boulting. Facebook Twitter E-mail. I don't think Lucky Jim 's Boulting Brothers comedy dramatisation of Kingsley Amis's novel has aged well. It purports to mock upper-class academia of the time through the vessel of Ian Carmichael's title character cue madrigal singers as he gently rocks up against his so-called superiors and betters and supposedly knocks them down a peg or two with his freshness, unconventionality and honesty. It's funny how in so doing he comes off himself as a rather eccentric upper-class toff, one who you believe could still end up as one of the stuffy establishment figures he's presumably meant to contrast with.
    [Show full text]
  • Kingsley Amis's Lucky
    International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology Vol. 29, No. 9s, (2020), pp. 828-836 Kingsley Amis’s Lucky Jim: A Parody on Changing Social Order in Post War England Tanu Bura Research Scholar, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University) Mullana (Ambala) Dr. Ramandeep Mahal, Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University) Mullana (Ambala) Abstract The 1950s, a period following the Second World War, was actually the beginning of an era which extends to date when class identity by virtue of birth and upbringing in England was overcome by individual achievement and social mobility between class levels. Importance of class identity is diminishing in all modern societies where access to education becomes the prime reason for social mobility. Amis in his works generally deals with the restructuring of British society post World War II. One of the effects was seen in the English education system where educational opportunities were opened to the youth of the working and middle classes. The advent of provincial universities and the declining influence of the culturally elite led to social friction between both the classes. During the 1950s England actually witnessed a period of prosperity which percolated to an emerging middle- class and also (to a certain extent) the working-class. Expanding higher educational opportunity suddenly gave a jump to the social mobility of these classes. This period has actually quite a few authors who emerged and expounded narratives which were effective in describing the social effect that this war had upon society.
    [Show full text]
  • The Development of the Campus Novel Genre Dynamika Žánru
    Jihočeská univerzita v Českých Budějovicích Pedagogická fakulta Katedra anglistiky Diplomová práce The Development of the Campus Novel Genre Dynamika žánru univerzitního románu v anglické literatuře Vypracovala: Bc. Liliana Průšová Vedoucí práce: PhDr. Alice Sukdolová, Ph.D. České Budějovice 2018 Prohlášení Prohlašuji, že svoji diplomovou práci jsem vypracovala samostatně pouze s použitím pramenů a literatury uvedených v seznamu citované literatury. Prohlašuji, že v souladu s § 47b zákona č. 111/1998 Sb. v platném znění souhlasím se zveřejněním své diplomové, a to v nezkrácené podobě fakultou elektronickou cestou ve veřejně přístupné části databáze STAG provozované Jihočeskou univerzitou v Českých Budějovicích na jejích internetových stránkách, a to se zachováním mého autorského práva k odevzdanému textu této kvalifikační práce. Souhlasím dále s tím, aby toutéž elektronickou cestou byly v souladu s uvedeným ustanovením zákona č. 111/1998 Sb. zveřejněny posudky školitele a oponentů práce i záznam o průběhu a výsledku obhajoby kvalifikační práce. Rovněž souhlasím s porovnáním textu mé kvalifikační práce s databází kvalifikačních prací Theses.cz provozovanou Národním registrem vysokoškolských kvalifikačních prací a systémem na odhalování plagiátů. Datum: Podpis studenta: Acknowledgement I would like to thank to PhDr. Alice Sukdolová Ph.D. for her valuable advice, her time, support and confidence in my skills. Poděkování Ráda bych poděkovala PhDr. Alici Sukdolové Ph.D. za její cenné rady, čas, podporu a důvěru v mé schopnosti. Anotace Cílem diplomové práce je analýza a porovnání univerzitních románů tří autorů. Práce v teoretické části vymezuje historické a socioekonomické pozadí vývoje univerzitního románu. Dále se práce zabývá samotným žánrem univerzitního románu a jeho znaky. Praktická část se zabývá konkrétními příklady tohoto žánru a jejich analýzou.
    [Show full text]
  • The Comic/ Serious Duality in Kingsley Amis's Lucky Jim " ا
    The Comic/ Serious Duality in Kingsley Amis’s Lucky Jim ا ل و ا روا آ أ " ا ظ" By Talat M. Mujahed $#"! ه Supervised by Dr. Sabbar S. Sultan د . +*ر (#)ن M.A. Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Master of Arts in English Language and Literature Department of English Language and Literature Faculty of Arts and Sciences Middle East University May, 2011 II Contents Authorization…………………………………………………………………………….I Thesis Committee Decision……………………………………………………….II Acknowledgments…………………………………………………………………….III Dedication………………………………………………………………………………..IV Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………….V 1. Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………. 1 1.1Background of the Study …………………………………………………………….. 1 1.2.1 Biography of Kingsley Amis……….. ………………………1 1.2.2 Campus Novel ….………………………………………………..5 1.2.3 Angry Young Men…………...…………………………………9 1.2.4 Irony and Satire…………………………………………………..11 1.2 Statement of the Problem…………………………………………………16 1. 3 Questions of the Study…………………………………………………….17 1.4 Objectives of the Study…………………………………………............17 1.5 Methods and Procedures………………………………………………….18 III 1.6 Significance of the Study………………………………………………20 1.7 Limitation of the Study………………………………………………….21 1.8 Definition of Terms……………………………………………………….21 2. Review of Related Literature…………………………………………..23 3. The Comic and Serious Elements of Lucky Jim…………………. 38 3.1 Serious Themes behind Ostensible Fun…………………63 3.2 The Theme of Education………………………………………..69 3.3 Class Hierarchy………………………………………………………72 3.4 Love and Its Diversifications……………………………………73 4. Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………78 References……………………………………………………………………………80 IV V VI Acknowledgments I am very grateful and thankful for all who supported me to complete my thesis effectively and on time. The work on this thesis has been inspired by my supervisor Dr. Sabbar Sultan to whom I express my deepest thanks for guiding me in this thesis and for correcting various documents of mine with attention and care.
    [Show full text]