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The Role of the Au Peace and Security Council In University•» of Nairobi Institute of Diplomacy and International Studies I he Role of tl,c AU Peace and Security Council in Conflict ManaSemcnt: A ^'ase Study of the Horn of Africa (2004-2008) Jane Kathure Iktinyua R50/P/8923/0I A Project Submitted in Partial Fulfillment or the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in International Studies September 2010 U< s*r i m , Ml M72109mm A Tabic of Contcnts Topic....................................................................................................................................1 Table of Contents................................................................................................................ii Abstract.............................................................................................................................. »v Declaration.......................................................................................................................... v Dedication..........................................................................................................................vi Acknowledgements...........................................................................................................vii Acronyms.........................................................................................................................viii Chapter One........................................................................................................................9 Conflict in the Horn of Africa............................................................................................. 9 1.0 Introduction...................................................................................................................9 I . I Statement of Research Problem.................................................................................10 1.2 Objectives of the Study..............................................................................................11 1.3 Justification of the Study...........................................................................................11 1.3.1 Policy Justification................................................................................................... 11 1.3.2 Academic Justification..............................................................................................12 1.4 Literature Review........................................................................................................ 12 1.4.1 The African Union Peace and Security Council.......................................................13 1.4.2 Role of the African Union in Conflict Management................................................14 1.4.3 Role of Sub-Regional Organizations in Conflict Management: Case Studies from Africa................................................................................................................................ 17 1.5 Theoretical Framework...............................................................................................20 1.6 Hypotheses.................................................................................................................. 21 1.7 Methodology of Research...........................................................................................22 1.8 Chapter Outline...........................................................................................................22 Chapter Two...................................................................................................................... 24 An Examination of the Conflicts in the I lom of Africa...................................................24 2.0 Introduction................................................................................................................. 24 2.1 Understanding Parties to. Issues and Interests in a Conflict........................................24 2.2 Kenya's Post election Violence.................................................................................. 26 2.2.1 Parties in the Kenya Electoral Conflict.................................................................... 26 2.2.2 Issues and Interests in the Kenyan Conflict............................................................. 28 2.3 I lie Darfur Conflict in Sudan.................................................................................... 29 2.3.1 Parties in the Darfur Conflict...................................................................................29 2.3.2 Issues and Interests in the Darfur Conflict................................................................31 2.4 Somalia Civil War....................................................................................................... 32 2.4.1 The Parties in the Somali Conflict........................................................................... 32 2.4.2 Issues and Interests in the Somali Conflict.............................................................. 33 Activities of the Peace and Security Council in the Horn of Africa................................36 3.0 Introduction.............................................................................................................. 36 3.1 The AU PSC............................................................................................................... 36 3.2.1 The PSC Involvement in Kenya.............................................................................. 38 3.2.2 The PSC's Involvement in Sudan............................................................................ 40 3.2.3 The PSC’s Response in Somalia.............................................................................. 44 3.3 Conclusion................................................................................................................ 48 Chapter l our..................................................................................................................... 50 ii A Critical Analysis of the Role of the Peace and Security Council in Conflict Management: A Case Study of the I lorn of Africa.......................................................... 50 4.0 Introduction................................................................................................................. 50 4.1 Role of the AU PSC' in Conflict Management in Africa...........................................50 4.1.1 Conflict Prevention in Somaliu and Kenya............................................................. 51 4.1.2 Peace Support Missions in Somulin and Sudan....................................................... 53 4.1.3 Mediation in Kenyu and Sudan................................................................................ 54 4.1.4 Addressing I lumaniturian Crises in Sudan.............................................................. 56 4.1.5 Ending Human Rights Violations and Impunity Sudan and Kenya........................ 58 4.1.6 Post-Conflict Reconstruction in Sudan....................................................................60 4.2 Emerging Issues Regarding the AIJ PSC in Conflict Management......................... 61 Chapter l ive......................................................................................................................68 Conclusions.......................................................................................................................68 5.0 Introduction.................................................................................................................68 5.1 Conclusions................................................................................................................. 69 Bibliography.....................................................................................................................76 Books................................................................................................................................ 76 Journals and Papers........................................................................................................... 78 Abstract ITiis dissertation contends that despite the increasing complexity of conflict dynamics in the African continent, the African Union established a home grown initiative to deal with the brunt of conflicts in the region. The Peace and Security Council was put in place in 2004 to carry out activities using these approaches. I he Horn of Africa, one of the hottest beds of conflict in Africa, immediately attracted tire attention of the Peace and Security Council which conducted peace processes in various countries therein. Such peace processes have been completed in three of these countries, including Kenya. Somalia and Sudan. I he main question that arises therefore is whether these home grown approaches to conflict are yielding results. The main objective of this research is to evaluate the contribution of the African Union Peace and Security Council in conflict management in the Horn of Africa by reviewing the decisions and activities of the African Union Peace and Security Council regarding the conflicts in the three countries: Kenya, Somalia and Sudan. Mainly secondary data was used to analyze the issues in question. I lie research relied on the communiques of the AU PSC between the periods of 2004 und 200X. The Conflict Research theory of conflict management was used as a guide to analyze the role of the African Union Peace und Security Council in conflict management in the Horn of Africa. I he study observed that the Peace and Security Council initiates any peace operations by analyzing a potential
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